Mercurial > emacs
changeset 84322:299931d27e45
Move here from ../../man
| author | Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Thu, 06 Sep 2007 05:02:56 +0000 |
| parents | 46a18ad74c29 |
| children | d3d86492715a |
| files | doc/misc/vip.texi |
| diffstat | 1 files changed, 1958 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) [+] |
line wrap: on
line diff
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/doc/misc/vip.texi Thu Sep 06 05:02:56 2007 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,1958 @@ +\input texinfo + +@setfilename ../info/vip +@settitle VIP + +@copying +Copyright @copyright{} 1987, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, +2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + +@quotation +Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document +under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or +any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no +Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU +Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the +license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation +License'' in the Emacs manual. + +(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify +this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free +Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' + +This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free +Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document +separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the +license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license. +@end quotation +@end copying + +@titlepage +@sp 10 +@center @titlefont{VIP} +@sp 1 +@center A Vi Package for GNU Emacs +@center (Version 3.5, September 15, 1987) +@sp 2 +@center Masahiko Sato +@page +@vskip 0pt plus1filll +@insertcopying +@end titlepage + +@dircategory Emacs +@direntry +* VIP: (vip). An older VI-emulation for Emacs. +@end direntry + +@finalout + +@ifnottex +@node Top, Survey,, (DIR) +@top VIP + +VIP is a Vi emulating package written in Emacs Lisp. VIP implements most +Vi commands including Ex commands. It is therefore hoped that this package +will enable you to do Vi style editing under the powerful GNU Emacs +environment. This info file describes the usage of VIP assuming that you +are fairly accustomed to Vi but not so much with Emacs. Also we will +concentrate mainly on differences from Vi, especially features unique to +VIP. + +It is recommended that you read nodes on survey and on customization before +you start using VIP. Other nodes may be visited as needed. + +Comments and bug reports are welcome. Please send messages to +@code{ms@@Sail.Stanford.Edu} if you are outside of Japan and to +@code{masahiko@@sato.riec.tohoku.junet} if you are in Japan.@refill + +@end ifnottex + +@menu +* Survey:: A survey of VIP. +* Vi Commands:: Details of Vi commands. +* Ex Commands:: Details of Ex commands. +* Customization:: How to customize VIP. +* GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this documentation. + +@end menu +@iftex +@unnumbered Introduction + +VIP is a Vi emulating package written in Emacs Lisp. VIP implements most +Vi commands including Ex commands. It is therefore hoped that this package +will enable you to do Vi style editing under the powerful GNU Emacs +environment. This manual describes the usage of VIP assuming that you are +fairly accustomed to Vi but not so much with Emacs. Also we will +concentrate mainly on differences from Vi, especially features unique to +VIP. + +It is recommended that you read chapters on survey and on customization +before you start using VIP. Other chapters may be used as future +references. + +Comments and bug reports are welcome. Please send messages to +@code{ms@@Sail.Stanford.Edu} if you are outside of Japan and to +@code{masahiko@@unsun.riec.tohoku.junet} if you are in Japan. +@end iftex + +@node Survey, Basic Concepts, Top, Top +@chapter A Survey of VIP + +In this chapter we describe basics of VIP with emphasis on the features not +found in Vi and on how to use VIP under GNU Emacs. + +@menu +* Basic Concepts:: Basic concepts in Emacs. +* Loading VIP:: How to load VIP automatically. +* Modes in VIP:: VIP has three modes, which are orthogonal to modes + in Emacs. +* Differences from Vi:: Differences of VIP from Vi is explained. +@end menu + +@node Basic Concepts, Loading VIP, Survey, Survey +@section Basic Concepts + +We begin by explaining some basic concepts of Emacs. These concepts are +explained in more detail in the GNU Emacs Manual. + +@cindex buffer +@cindex point +@cindex mark +@cindex text +@cindex looking at +@cindex end (of buffer) +@cindex region + +Conceptually, a @dfn{buffer} is just a string of @acronym{ASCII} characters and two +special characters @key{PNT} (@dfn{point}) and @key{MRK} (@dfn{mark}) such +that the character @key{PNT} occurs exactly once and @key{MRK} occurs at +most once. The @dfn{text} of a buffer is obtained by deleting the +occurrences of @key{PNT} and @key{MRK}. If, in a buffer, there is a +character following @key{PNT} then we say that point is @dfn{looking at} +the character; otherwise we say that point is @dfn{at the end of buffer}. +@key{PNT} and @key{MRK} are used +to indicate positions in a buffer and they are not part of the text of the +buffer. If a buffer contains a @key{MRK} then the text between @key{MRK} +and @key{PNT} is called the @dfn{region} of the buffer.@refill + +@cindex window + +Emacs provides (multiple) @dfn{windows} on the screen, and you can see the +content of a buffer through the window associated with the buffer. The +cursor of the screen is always positioned on the character after @key{PNT}. +@refill + +@cindex mode +@cindex keymap +@cindex local keymap +@cindex global keymap + +A @dfn{keymap} is a table that records the bindings between characters and +command functions. There is the @dfn{global keymap} common to all the +buffers. Each buffer has its @dfn{local keymap} that determines the +@dfn{mode} of the buffer. Local keymap overrides global keymap, so that if +a function is bound to some key in the local keymap then that function will +be executed when you type the key. If no function is bound to a key in the +local map, however, the function bound to the key in the global map becomes +in effect.@refill + +@node Loading VIP, Modes in VIP, Basic Concepts, Survey +@section Loading VIP + +The recommended way to load VIP automatically is to include the line: +@example +(load "vip") +@end example +@noindent +in your @file{.emacs} file. The @file{.emacs} file is placed in your home +directory and it will be executed every time you invoke Emacs. If you wish +to be in vi mode whenever Emacs starts up, you can include the following +line in your @file{.emacs} file instead of the above line: +@example +(setq term-setup-hook 'vip-mode) +@end example +@noindent +(@xref{Vi Mode}, for the explanation of vi mode.) + +Even if your @file{.emacs} file does not contain any of the above lines, +you can load VIP and enter vi mode by typing the following from within +Emacs. +@example +M-x vip-mode +@end example +@noindent + +@node Modes in VIP, Emacs Mode, Loading VIP, Survey +@section Modes in VIP + +@kindex 032 @kbd{C-z} (@code{vip-change-mode-to-vi}) +@kindex 0301 @kbd{C-x C-z} (@code{suspend-emacs}) + +Loading VIP has the effect of globally binding @kbd{C-z} (@kbd{Control-z}) +to the function @code{vip-change-mode-to-vi}. The default binding of @kbd{C-z} +in GNU Emacs is @code{suspend-emacs}, but, you can also call +@code{suspend-emacs} by typing @kbd{C-x C-z}. Other than this, all the +key bindings of Emacs remain the same after loading VIP.@refill + +@cindex vi mode + +Now, if you hit @kbd{C-z}, the function @code{vip-change-mode-to-vi} will be +called and you will be in @dfn{vi mode}. (Some major modes may locally bind +@kbd{C-z} to some special functions. In such cases, you can call +@code{vip-change-mode-to-vi} by @code{execute-extended-command} which is +invoked by @kbd{M-x}. Here @kbd{M-x} means @kbd{Meta-x}, and if your +terminal does not have a @key{META} key you can enter it by typing +@kbd{@key{ESC} x}. The same effect can also be achieve by typing +@kbd{M-x vip-mode}.)@refill + +@cindex mode line + +You can observe the change of mode by looking at the @dfn{mode line}. For +instance, if the mode line is:@refill +@example +-----Emacs: *scratch* (Lisp Interaction)----All------------ +@end example +@noindent +then it will change to: +@example +-----Vi: *scratch* (Lisp Interaction)----All------------ +@end example +@noindent +Thus the word @samp{Emacs} in the mode line will change to @samp{Vi}. + +@cindex insert mode +@cindex emacs mode + +You can go back to the original @dfn{emacs mode} by typing @kbd{C-z} in +vi mode. Thus @kbd{C-z} toggles between these two modes.@refill + +Note that modes in VIP exist orthogonally to modes in Emacs. This means +that you can be in vi mode and at the same time, say, shell mode. + +Vi mode corresponds to Vi's command mode. From vi mode you can enter +@dfn{insert mode} (which corresponds to Vi's insert mode) by usual Vi command +keys like @kbd{i}, @kbd{a}, @kbd{o} @dots{} etc. + +In insert mode, the mode line will look like this: +@example +-----Insert *scratch* (Lisp Interaction)----All------------ +@end example +@noindent +You can exit from insert mode by hitting @key{ESC} key as you do in Vi. + +That VIP has three modes may seem very complicated, but in fact it is not +so. VIP is implemented so that you can do most editing remaining only +in the two modes for Vi (that is vi mode and insert mode). + +@ifinfo +The figure below shows the transition of three modes in VIP. +@display + + + === C-z ==> == i,o ... ==> +emacs mode vi mode insert mode + <== X-z === <=== ESC ==== +@end display +@end ifinfo + +@menu +* Emacs Mode:: This is the mode you should know better. +* Vi Mode:: Vi commands are executed in this mode. +* Insert Mode:: You can enter text, and also can do editing if you + know enough Emacs commands. +@end menu + +@node Emacs Mode, Vi Mode, Modes in VIP, Modes in VIP +@subsection Emacs Mode + +@kindex 032 @kbd{C-z} (@code{vip-change-mode-to-vi}) + +You will be in this mode just after you loaded VIP. You can do all +normal Emacs editing in this mode. Note that the key @kbd{C-z} is globally +bound to @code{vip-change-mode-to-vi}. So, if you type @kbd{C-z} in this mode +then you will be in vi mode.@refill + +@node Vi Mode, Insert Mode, Emacs Mode, Modes in VIP +@subsection Vi Mode + +This mode corresponds to Vi's command mode. Most Vi commands work as they +do in Vi. You can go back to emacs mode by typing @kbd{C-z}. You can +enter insert mode, just as in Vi, by typing @kbd{i}, @kbd{a} etc. + +@node Insert Mode, Differences from Vi, Vi Mode, Modes in VIP +@subsection Insert Mode + +The key bindings in this mode is the same as in the emacs mode except for +the following 4 keys. So, you can move around in the buffer and change +its content while you are in insert mode. + +@table @kbd +@item @key{ESC} +@kindex 033 @kbd{ESC} (@code{vip-change-mode-to-vi}) (insert mode) +This key will take you back to vi mode. +@item C-h +@kindex 010 @kbd{C-h} (@code{vip-delete-backward-char}) (insert mode) +Delete previous character. +@item C-w +@kindex 027 @kbd{C-w} (@code{vip-delete-backward-word}) (insert mode) +Delete previous word. +@item C-z +@kindex 032 @kbd{C-z} (@code{vip-ESC}) (insert mode) +Typing this key has the same effect as typing @key{ESC} in emacs mode. +Thus typing @kbd{C-z x} in insert mode will have the same effect as typing +@kbd{ESC x} in emacs mode. +@end table + +@node Differences from Vi, Undoing, Insert Mode, Survey +@section Differences from Vi + +The major differences from Vi are explained below. + +@menu +* Undoing:: You can undo more in VIP. +* Changing:: Commands for changing the text. +* Searching:: Search commands. +* z Command:: You can now use zH, zM and zL as well as z- etc. +* Counts:: Some Vi commands which do not accept a count now + accept one. +* Marking:: You can now mark the current point, beginning of + the buffer etc. +* Region Commands:: You can now give a region as an argument for delete + commands etc. +* New Commands:: Some new commands not available in Vi are added. +* New Bindings:: Bindings of some keys are changed for the + convenience of editing under Emacs. +* Window Commands:: Commands for moving among windows etc. +* Buffer Commands:: Commands for selecting buffers etc. +* File Commands:: Commands for visiting files etc. +* Misc Commands:: Other useful commands. +@end menu + +@node Undoing, Changing, Differences from Vi, Differences from Vi +@subsection Undoing + +@kindex 165 @kbd{u} (@code{vip-undo}) +@kindex 056 @kbd{.} (@code{vip-repeat}) + +You can repeat undoing by the @kbd{.} key. So, @kbd{u} will undo +a single change, while @kbd{u .@: .@: .@:}, for instance, will undo 4 previous +changes. Undo is undoable as in Vi. So the content of the buffer will +be the same before and after @kbd{u u}.@refill + +@node Changing, Searching, Undoing, Differences from Vi +@subsection Changing + +Some commands which change a small number of characters are executed +slightly differently. Thus, if point is at the beginning of a word +@samp{foo} and you wished to change it to @samp{bar} by typing @w{@kbd{c w}}, +then VIP will prompt you for a new word in the minibuffer by the prompt +@samp{foo => }. You can then enter @samp{bar} followed by @key{RET} or +@key{ESC} to complete the command. Before you enter @key{RET} or +@key{ESC} you can abort the command by typing @kbd{C-g}. In general, +@kindex 007 @kbd{C-g} (@code{vip-keyboard-quit}) +you can abort a partially formed command by typing @kbd{C-g}.@refill + +@node Searching, z Command, Changing, Differences from Vi +@subsection Searching + +@kindex 057 @kbd{/} (@code{vip-search-forward}) +@kindex 077 @kbd{?} (@code{vip-search-backward}) + +As in Vi, searching is done by @kbd{/} and @kbd{?}. The string will be +searched literally by default. To invoke a regular expression search, +first execute the search command @kbd{/} (or @kbd{?}) with empty search +string. (I.e, type @kbd{/} followed by @key{RET}.) +A search for empty string will toggle the search mode between vanilla +search and regular expression search. You cannot give an offset to the +search string. (It is a limitation.) By default, search will wrap around +the buffer as in Vi. You can change this by rebinding the variable +@code{vip-search-wrap-around}. @xref{Customization}, for how to do this.@refill + +@node z Command, Counts, Searching, Differences from Vi +@subsection z Command + +@kindex 1723 @kbd{z H} (@code{vip-line-to-top}) +@kindex 1721 @kbd{z RET} (@code{vip-line-to-top}) +@kindex 1723 @kbd{z M} (@code{vip-line-to-middle}) +@kindex 1722 @kbd{z .} (@code{vip-line-to-middle}) +@kindex 1723 @kbd{z L} (@code{vip-line-to-bottom}) +@kindex 1722 @kbd{z -} (@code{vip-line-to-bottom}) + +For those of you who cannot remember which of @kbd{z} followed by @key{RET}, +@kbd{.}@: and @kbd{-} do what. You can also use @kbd{z} followed by @kbd{H}, +@kbd{M} and @kbd{L} to place the current line in the Home (Middle, and +Last) line of the window.@refill + +@node Counts, Marking, z Command, Differences from Vi +@subsection Counts + +Some Vi commands which do not accept a count now accept one + +@table @kbd +@item p +@itemx P +@kindex 160 @kbd{p} (@code{vip-put-back}) +@kindex 120 @kbd{P} (@code{vip-Put-back}) +Given counts, text will be yanked (in Vi's sense) that many times. Thus +@kbd{3 p} is the same as @kbd{p p p}. +@item o +@itemx O +@kindex 157 @kbd{o} (@code{vip-open-line}) +@kindex 117 @kbd{O} (@code{vip-Open-line}) +Given counts, that many copies of text will be inserted. Thus +@kbd{o a b c @key{ESC}} will insert 3 lines of @samp{abc} below the current +line. +@item / +@itemx ? +@kindex 057 @kbd{/} (@code{vip-search-forward}) +@kindex 077 @kbd{?} (@code{vip-search-backward}) +Given a count @var{n}, @var{n}-th occurrence will be searched. +@end table + +@node Marking, Region Commands, Counts, Differences from Vi +@subsection Marking + +Typing an @kbd{m} followed by a lower-case character @var{ch} marks the +point to the register named @var{ch} as in Vi. In addition to these, we +have following key bindings for marking. + +@kindex 155 @kbd{m} (@code{vip-mark-point}) + +@table @kbd +@item m < +Set mark at the beginning of buffer. +@item m > +Set mark at the end of buffer. +@item m . +Set mark at point (and push old mark on mark ring). +@item m , +Jump to mark (and pop mark off the mark ring). +@end table + +@node Region Commands, New Commands, Marking, Differences from Vi +@subsection Region Commands + +@cindex region + +Vi operators like @kbd{d}, @kbd{c} etc. are usually used in combination +with motion commands. It is now possible to use current region as the +argument to these operators. (A @dfn{region} is a part of buffer +delimited by point and mark.) The key @kbd{r} is used for this purpose. +Thus @kbd{d r} will delete the current region. If @kbd{R} is used instead +of @kbd{r} the region will first be enlarged so that it will become the +smallest region containing the original region and consisting of whole +lines. Thus @kbd{m .@: d R} will have the same effect as @kbd{d d}.@refill + +@node New Commands, New Bindings, Region Commands, Differences from Vi +@subsection Some New Commands + +Note that the keys below (except for @kbd{R}) are not used in Vi. + +@table @kbd +@item C-a +@kindex 001 @kbd{C-a} (@code{vip-beginning-of-line}) +Move point to the beginning of line. +@item C-n +@kindex 016 @kbd{C-n} (@code{vip-next-window}) +If you have two or more windows in the screen, this key will move point to +the next window. +@item C-o +@kindex 017 @kbd{C-o} (@code{vip-open-line-at-point}) +Insert a newline and leave point before it, and then enter insert mode. +@item C-r +@kindex 022 @kbd{C-r} (@code{isearch-backward}) +Backward incremental search. +@item C-s +@kindex 023 @kbd{C-s} (@code{isearch-forward}) +Forward incremental search. +@item C-c +@itemx C-x +@itemx @key{ESC} +@kindex 003 @kbd{C-c} (@code{vip-ctl-c}) +@kindex 0300 @kbd{C-x} (@code{vip-ctl-x}) +@kindex 033 @kbd{ESC} (@code{vip-ESC}) +These keys will exit from vi mode and return to emacs mode temporarily. If +you hit one of these keys, Emacs will be in emacs mode and will believe +that you hit that key in emacs mode. For example, if you hit @kbd{C-x} +followed by @kbd{2}, then the current window will be split into 2 and you +will be in vi mode again. +@item \ +@kindex 134 @kbd{\} (@code{vip-escape-to-emacs}) +Escape to emacs mode. Hitting @kbd{\} will take you to emacs mode, and you +can execute a single Emacs command. After executing the Emacs command you +will be in vi mode again. You can give a count before typing @kbd{\}. +Thus @kbd{5 \ *}, as well as @kbd{\ C-u 5 *}, will insert @samp{*****} +before point. Similarly @kbd{1 0 \ C-p} will move the point 10 lines above +the current line.@refill +@item K +@kindex 113 @kbd{K} (@code{vip-kill-buffer}) +Kill current buffer if it is not modified. Useful when you selected a +buffer which you did not want. +@item Q +@itemx R +@kindex 121 @kbd{Q} (@code{vip-query-replace}) +@kindex 122 @kbd{R} (@code{vip-replace-string}) +@kbd{Q} is for query replace and @kbd{R} is for replace. By default, +string to be replaced are treated literally. If you wish to do a regular +expression replace, first do replace with empty string as the string to be +replaced. In this way, you can toggle between vanilla and regular +expression replacement. +@item v +@itemx V +@kindex 166 @kbd{v} (@code{vip-find-file}) +@kindex 126 @kbd{V} (@code{vip-find-file-other-window}) +These keys are used to Visit files. @kbd{v} will switch to a buffer +visiting file whose name can be entered in the minibuffer. @kbd{V} is +similar, but will use window different from the current window. +@item # +@kindex 0430 @kbd{#} (@code{vip-command-argument}) +If followed by a certain character @var{ch}, it becomes an operator whose +argument is the region determined by the motion command that follows. +Currently, @var{ch} can be one of @kbd{c}, @kbd{C}, @kbd{g}, @kbd{q} and +@kbd{s}.@refill +@item # c +@kindex 0432 @kbd{# c} (@code{downcase-region}) +Change upper-case characters in the region to lower case +(@code{downcase-region}). +@item # C +@kindex 0431 @kbd{# C} (@code{upcase-region}) +Change lower-case characters in the region to upper case. For instance, +@kbd{# C 3 w} will capitalize 3 words from the current point +(@code{upcase-region}). +@item # g +@kindex 0432 @kbd{# g} (@code{vip-global-execute}) +Execute last keyboard macro for each line in the region +(@code{vip-global-execute}).@refill +@item # q +@kindex 0432 @kbd{# q} (@code{vip-quote-region}) +Insert specified string at the beginning of each line in the region +(@code{vip-quote-region}). +@item # s +@kindex 0432 @kbd{# s} (@code{spell-region}) +Check spelling of words in the region (@code{spell-region}). +@item * +@kindex 052 @kbd{*} (@code{vip-call-last-kbd-macro}) +Call last keyboard macro. +@end table + +@node New Bindings, Window Commands, New Commands, Differences from Vi +@subsection New Key Bindings + +In VIP the meanings of some keys are entirely different from Vi. These key +bindings are done deliberately in the hope that editing under Emacs will +become easier. It is however possible to rebind these keys to functions +which behave similarly as in Vi. @xref{Customizing Key Bindings}, for +details. + +@table @kbd +@item C-g +@itemx g +@kindex 007 @kbd{C-g} (@code{vip-keyboard-quit}) +@kindex 147 @kbd{g} (@code{vip-info-on-file}) +In Vi, @kbd{C-g} is used to get information about the file associated to +the current buffer. Here, @kbd{g} will do that, and @kbd{C-g} is +used to abort a command (this is for compatibility with emacs mode.) +@item SPC +@itemx @key{RET} +@kindex 040 @kbd{SPC} (@code{vip-scroll}) +@kindex 015 @kbd{RET} (@code{vip-scroll-back}) +Now these keys will scroll up and down the text of current window. +Convenient for viewing the text. +@item s +@itemx S +@kindex 163 @kbd{s} (@code{vip-switch-to-buffer}) +@kindex 123 @kbd{S} (@code{vip-switch-to-buffer-other-window}) +They are used to switch to a specified buffer. Useful for switching to +already existing buffer since buffer name completion is provided. Also +a default buffer will be given as part of the prompt, to which you can +switch by just typing @key{RET} key. @kbd{s} is used to select buffer +in the current window, while @kbd{S} selects buffer in another window. +@item C +@itemx X +@kindex 103 @kbd{C} (@code{vip-ctl-c-equivalent}) +@kindex 1300 @kbd{X} (@code{vip-ctl-x-equivalent}) +These keys will exit from vi mode and return to emacs mode temporarily. +If you type @kbd{C} (@kbd{X}), Emacs will be in emacs mode and will believe +that you have typed @kbd{C-c} (@kbd{C-x}, resp.) in emacs mode. Moreover, +if the following character you type is an upper-case letter, then Emacs +will believe that you have typed the corresponding control character. +You will be in vi mode again after the command is executed. For example, +typing @kbd{X S} in vi mode is the same as typing @kbd{C-x C-s} in emacs +mode. You get the same effect by typing @kbd{C-x C-s} in vi mode, but +the idea here is that you can execute useful Emacs commands without typing +control characters. For example, if you hit @kbd{X} (or @kbd{C-x}) followed +by @kbd{2}, then the current window will be split into 2 and you will be in +vi mode again.@refill +@end table + +In addition to these, @code{ctl-x-map} is slightly modified: + +@kindex 1301 @kbd{X 3} (@code{vip-buffer-in-two-windows}) + +@table @kbd +@item X 3 +@itemx C-x 3 +This is equivalent to @kbd{C-x 1 C-x 2} (1 + 2 = 3). +@end table + +@node Window Commands, Buffer Commands, New Bindings, Differences from Vi +@subsection Window Commands + +In this and following subsections, we give a summary of key bindings for +basic functions related to windows, buffers and files. + +@table @kbd +@item C-n +@kindex 016 @kbd{C-n} (@code{vip-next-window}) +Switch to next window. +@item X 1 +@itemx C-x 1 +@kindex 1301 @kbd{X 1} (@code{delete-other-windows}) +Delete other windows. +@item X 2 +@itemx C-x 2 +@kindex 1301 @kbd{X 2} (@code{split-window-vertically}) +Split current window into two windows. +@item X 3 +@itemx C-x 3 +@kindex 1301 @kbd{X 3} (@code{vip-buffer-in-two-windows}) +Show current buffer in two windows. +@end table + +@node Buffer Commands, File Commands, Window Commands, Differences from Vi +@subsection Buffer Commands + +@table @kbd +@item s +@kindex 163 @kbd{s} (@code{vip-switch-to-buffer}) +Switch to the specified buffer in the current window +(@code{vip-switch-to-buffer}). +@item S +@kindex 123 @kbd{S} (@code{vip-switch-to-buffer-other-window}) +Switch to the specified buffer in another window +(@code{vip-switch-to-buffer-other-window}). +@item K +@kindex 113 @kbd{K} (@code{vip-kill-buffer}) +Kill the current buffer if it is not modified. +@item X S +@itemx C-x C-s +@kindex 1302 @kbd{X S} (@code{save-buffer}) +Save the current buffer in the file associated to the buffer. +@end table + +@node File Commands, Misc Commands, Buffer Commands, Differences from Vi +@subsection File Commands + +@table @kbd +@item v +@kindex 166 @kbd{v} (@code{vip-find-file}) +Visit specified file in the current window. +@item V +@kindex 126 @kbd{V} (@code{vip-find-file-other-window}) +Visit specified file in another window. +@item X W +@itemx C-x C-w +@kindex 1302 @kbd{X W} (@code{write-file}) +Write current buffer into the specified file. +@item X I +@itemx C-x C-i +@kindex 1302 @kbd{X I} (@code{insert-file}) + +Insert specified file at point. +@end table + +@node Misc Commands, Vi Commands, File Commands, Differences from Vi +@subsection Miscellaneous Commands + +@table @kbd +@item X ( +@itemx C-x ( +@kindex 1301 @kbd{X (} (@code{start-kbd-macro}) +Start remembering keyboard macro. +@item X ) +@itemx C-x ) +@kindex 1301 @kbd{X )} (@code{end-kbd-macro}) +Finish remembering keyboard macro. +@item * +@kindex 052 @kbd{*} (@code{vip-call-last-kbd-macro}) +Call last remembered keyboard macro. +@item X Z +@itemx C-x C-z +@kindex 1302 @kbd{X Z} (@code{suspend-emacs}) +Suspend Emacs. +@item Z Z +Exit Emacs. +@itemx Q +Query replace. +@itemx R +Replace. +@end table + +@node Vi Commands, Numeric Arguments, Misc Commands, Top +@chapter Vi Commands + +This chapter describes Vi commands other than Ex commands implemented in +VIP. Except for the last section which discusses insert mode, all the +commands described in this chapter are to be used in vi mode. + +@menu +* Numeric Arguments:: Many commands accept numeric arguments +* Important Keys:: Some very important keys. +* Buffers and Windows:: Commands for handling buffers and windows. +* Files:: Commands for handling files. +* Viewing the Buffer:: How you can view the current buffer. +* Mark Commands:: Marking positions in a buffer. +* Motion Commands:: Commands for moving point. +* Searching and Replacing:: Commands for searching and replacing. +* Modifying Commands:: Commands for modifying the buffer. +* Other Vi Commands:: Miscellaneous Commands. +* Commands in Insert Mode:: Commands for entering insert mode. +@end menu + +@node Numeric Arguments, Important Keys, Vi Commands, Vi Commands +@section Numeric Arguments + +@cindex numeric arguments +@cindex count +@kindex 061 @kbd{1} (numeric argument) +@kindex 062 @kbd{2} (numeric argument) +@kindex 063 @kbd{3} (numeric argument) +@kindex 064 @kbd{4} (numeric argument) +@kindex 065 @kbd{5} (numeric argument) +@kindex 066 @kbd{6} (numeric argument) +@kindex 067 @kbd{7} (numeric argument) +@kindex 068 @kbd{8} (numeric argument) +@kindex 069 @kbd{9} (numeric argument) + +Most Vi commands accept a @dfn{numeric argument} which can be supplied as +a prefix to the commands. A numeric argument is also called a @dfn{count}. +In many cases, if a count is given, the command is executed that many times. +For instance, @kbd{5 d d} deletes 5 lines while simple @kbd{d d} deletes a +line. In this manual the metavariable @var{n} will denote a count.@refill + +@node Important Keys, Buffers and Windows, Numeric Arguments, Vi Commands +@section Important Keys + +The keys @kbd{C-g} and @kbd{C-l} are unique in that their associated +functions are the same in any of emacs, vi and insert mode. + +@table @kbd +@item C-g +@kindex 007 @kbd{C-g} (@code{vip-keyboard-quit}) +Quit. Cancel running or partially typed command (@code{keyboard-quit}). +@item C-l +@kindex 014 @kbd{C-l} (@code{recenter}) +Clear the screen and reprint everything (@code{recenter}). +@end table + +In Emacs many commands are bound to the key strokes that start with +@kbd{C-x}, @kbd{C-c} and @key{ESC}. These commands can be +accessed from vi mode as easily as from emacs mode.@refill + +@table @kbd +@item C-x +@itemx C-c +@itemx @key{ESC} +@kindex 003 @kbd{C-c} (@code{vip-ctl-c}) +@kindex 0300 @kbd{C-x} (@code{vip-ctl-x}) +@kindex 033 @kbd{ESC} (@code{vip-ESC}) +Typing one of these keys have the same effect as typing it in emacs mode. +Appropriate command will be executed according as the keys you type after +it. You will be in vi mode again after the execution of the command. +For instance, if you type @kbd{@key{ESC} <} (in vi mode) then the cursor will +move to the beginning of the buffer and you will still be in vi mode. +@item C +@itemx X +@kindex 103 @kbd{C} (@code{vip-ctl-c-equivalent}) +@kindex 1300 @kbd{X} (@code{vip-ctl-x-equivalent}) +Typing one of these keys have the effect of typing the corresponding +control character in emacs mode. Moreover, if you type an upper-case +character following it, that character will also be translated to the +corresponding control character. Thus typing @kbd{X W} in vi mode is the +same as typing @kbd{C-x C-w} in emacs mode. You will be in vi mode again +after the execution of a command. +@item \ +@kindex 134 @kbd{\} (@code{vip-escape-to-emacs}) +Escape to emacs mode. Hitting the @kbd{\} key will take you to emacs mode, +and you can execute a single Emacs command. After executing the +Emacs command you will be in vi mode again. You can give a count before +typing @kbd{\}. Thus @kbd{5 \ +}, as well as @kbd{\ C-u 5 +}, will insert +@samp{+++++} before point.@refill +@end table + +@node Buffers and Windows, Files, Important Keys, Vi Commands +@section Buffers and Windows + +@cindex buffer +@cindex selected buffer +@cindex current buffer + +In Emacs the text you edit is stored in a @dfn{buffer}. +See GNU Emacs Manual, for details. There is always one @dfn{current} +buffer, also called the @dfn{selected buffer}.@refill + +@cindex window +@cindex modified (buffer) + +You can see the contents of buffers through @dfn{windows} created by Emacs. +When you have multiple windows on the screen only one of them is selected. +Each buffer has a unique name, and each window has a mode line which shows +the name of the buffer associated with the window and other information +about the status of the buffer. You can change the format of the mode +line, but normally if you see @samp{**} at the beginning of a mode line it +means that the buffer is @dfn{modified}. If you write out the content of +the buffer to a file, then the buffer will become not modified. Also if +you see @samp{%%} at the beginning of the mode line, it means that the file +associated with the buffer is write protected. + +We have the following commands related to windows and buffers. + +@table @kbd +@item C-n +@kindex 016 @kbd{C-n} (@code{vip-next-window}) +Move cursor to the next-window (@code{vip-next-window}). +@item X 1 +@kindex 1301 @kbd{X 1} (@code{delete-other-windows}) +Delete other windows and make the selected window fill the screen +@*(@code{delete-other-windows}). +@item X 2 +@kindex 1301 @kbd{X 2} (@code{split-window-vertically}) +Split current window into two windows (@code{split-window-vertically}). +@item X 3 +@kindex 1301 @kbd{X 3} (@code{vip-buffer-in-two-windows}) +Show current buffer in two windows. +@item s @var{buffer} @key{RET} +@kindex 163 @kbd{s} (@code{vip-switch-to-buffer}) +Select or create a buffer named @var{buffer} (@code{vip-switch-to-buffer}). +@item S @var{buffer} @key{RET} +@kindex 123 @kbd{S} (@code{vip-switch-to-buffer-other-window}) +Similar but select a buffer named @var{buffer} in another window +@*(@code{vip-switch-to-buffer-other-window}). +@item K +@kindex 113 @kbd{K} (@code{vip-kill-buffer}) +Kill the current buffer if it is not modified or if it is not associated +with a file @*(@code{vip-kill-buffer}). +@item X B +@kindex 1302 @kbd{X B} (@code{list-buffers}) +List the existing buffers (@code{list-buffers}). +@end table + +@cindex buffer name completion + +As @dfn{buffer name completion} is provided, you have only to type in +initial substring of the buffer name which is sufficient to identify it +among names of existing buffers. After that, if you hit @key{TAB} the rest +of the buffer name will be supplied by the system, and you can confirm it +by @key{RET}. The default buffer name to switch to will also be prompted, +and you can select it by giving a simple @key{RET}. See GNU Emacs Manual +for details of completion. + +@node Files, Viewing the Buffer, Buffers and Windows, Vi Commands +@section Files + +We have the following commands related to files. They are used to visit, +save and insert files. + +@table @kbd +@item v @var{file} @key{RET} +@kindex 166 @kbd{v} (@code{vip-find-file}) +Visit specified file in the current window (@code{vip-find-file}). +@item V @var{file} @key{RET} +@kindex 126 @kbd{V} (@code{vip-find-file-other-window}) +Visit specified file in another window (@code{vip-find-file-other-window}). +@item X S +@kindex 1302 @kbd{X S} (@code{save-buffer}) +Save current buffer to the file associated with the buffer. If no file is +associated with the buffer, the name of the file to write out the content +of the buffer will be asked in the minibuffer. +@item X W @var{file} @key{RET} +@kindex 1302 @kbd{X W} (@code{write-file}) +Write current buffer into a specified file. +@item X I @var{file} @key{RET} +@kindex 1302 @kbd{X I} (@code{insert-file}) +Insert a specified file at point. +@item g +@kindex 147 @kbd{g} (@code{vip-info-on-file}) +Give information on the file associated with the current buffer. Tell you +the name of the file associated with the buffer, the line number of the +current point and total line numbers in the buffer. If no file is +associated with the buffer, this fact will be indicated by the null file +name @samp{""}. +@end table + +@cindex visiting (a file) +@cindex default directory + +In Emacs, you can edit a file by @dfn{visiting} it. If you wish to visit a +file in the current window, you can just type @kbd{v}. Emacs maintains the +@dfn{default directory} which is specific to each buffer. Suppose, for +instance, that the default directory of the current buffer is +@file{/usr/masahiko/lisp/}. Then you will get the following prompt in the +minibuffer.@refill +@example +visit file: /usr/masahiko/lisp/ +@end example +@noindent +@cindex file name completion +If you wish to visit, say, @file{vip.el} in this directory, then you can +just type @samp{vip.el} followed by @key{RET}. If the file @file{vip.el} +already exists in the directory, Emacs will visit that file, and if not, +the file will be created. Emacs will use the file name (@file{vip.el}, in +this case) as the name of the buffer visiting the file. In order to make +the buffer name unique, Emacs may append @samp{<2>}, @samp{<3>} etc., to +the buffer name. As the @dfn{file name completion} is provided here, you +can sometime save typing. For instance, suppose there is only one file in the +default directory whose name starts with @samp{v}, that is @samp{vip.el}. +Then if you just type @kbd{v @key{TAB}} then it will be completed to +@samp{vip.el}. Thus, in this case, you just have to type @kbd{v v @key{TAB} +@key{RET}} to visit @file{/usr/masahiko/lisp/vip.el}. Continuing the +example, let us now suppose that you wished to visit the file +@file{/usr/masahiko/man/vip.texinfo}. Then to the same prompt which you get +after you typed @kbd{v}, you can enter @samp{/usr/masahiko/man/vip.texinfo} or +@samp{../man/vip.texinfo} followed by @key{RET}. + +Use @kbd{V} instead of @kbd{v}, if you wish to visit a file in another +window. + +You can verify which file you are editing by typing @kbd{g}. (You can also +type @kbd{X B} to get information on other buffers too.) If you type +@kbd{g} you will get an information like below in the echo area:@refill +@example +"/usr/masahiko/man/vip.texinfo" line 921 of 1949 +@end example + +After you edited the buffer (@samp{vip.texinfo}, in our example) for a while, +you may wish to save it in a file. If you wish to save it in the file +associated with the buffer (@file{/usr/masahiko/man/vip.texinfo}, in this +case), you can just say @kbd{X S}. If you wish to save it in another file, +you can type @kbd{X W}. You will then get a similar prompt as you get for +@kbd{v}, to which you can enter the file name.@refill + +@node Viewing the Buffer, Mark Commands, Files, Vi Commands +@section Viewing the Buffer + +In this and next section we discuss commands for moving around in the +buffer. These command do not change the content of the buffer. The +following commands are useful for viewing the content of the current +buffer. + +@table @kbd +@item @key{SPC} +@itemx C-f +@kindex 040 @kbd{SPC} (@code{vip-scroll}) +@kindex 006 @kbd{C-f} (@code{vip-scroll-back}) +Scroll text of current window upward almost full screen. You can go +@i{forward} in the buffer by this command (@code{vip-scroll}). +@item @key{RET} +@itemx C-b +@kindex 015 @kbd{RET} (@code{vip-scroll-back}) +@kindex 002 @kbd{C-b} (@code{vip-scroll-back}) +Scroll text of current window downward almost full screen. You can go +@i{backward} in the buffer by this command (@code{vip-scroll-back}). +@itemx C-d +@kindex 004 @kbd{C-d} (@code{vip-scroll-up}) +Scroll text of current window upward half screen. You can go +@i{down} in the buffer by this command (@code{vip-scroll-down}). +@itemx C-u +@kindex 025 @kbd{C-u} (@code{vip-scroll-down}) +Scroll text of current window downward half screen. You can go +@i{up} in the buffer by this command (@code{vip-scroll-up}). +@item C-y +@kindex 031 @kbd{C-y} (@code{vip-scroll-down-one}) +Scroll text of current window upward by one line (@code{vip-scroll-down-one}). +@item C-e +@kindex 005 @kbd{C-e} (@code{vip-scroll-up-one}) +Scroll text of current window downward by one line (@code{vip-scroll-up-one}). +@end table +@noindent +You can repeat these commands by giving a count. Thus, @kbd{2 @key{SPC}} +has the same effect as @kbd{@key{SPC} @key{SPC}}. + +The following commands reposition point in the window. + +@table @kbd +@item z H +@itemx z @key{RET} +@kindex 1723 @kbd{z H} (@code{vip-line-to-top}) +@kindex 1721 @kbd{z RET} (@code{vip-line-to-top}) +Put point on the top (@i{home}) line in the window. So the current line +becomes the top line in the window. Given a count @var{n}, point will be +placed in the @var{n}-th line from top (@code{vip-line-to-top}). +@item z M +@itemx z . +@kindex 1723 @kbd{z M} (@code{vip-line-to-middle}) +@kindex 1722 @kbd{z .} (@code{vip-line-to-middle}) +Put point on the @i{middle} line in the window. Given a count @var{n}, +point will be placed in the @var{n}-th line from the middle line +(@code{vip-line-to-middle}). +@item z L +@itemx z - +@kindex 1723 @kbd{z L} (@code{vip-line-to-bottom}) +@kindex 1722 @kbd{z -} (@code{vip-line-to-bottom}) +Put point on the @i{bottom} line in the window. Given a count @var{n}, +point will be placed in the @var{n}-th line from bottom +(@code{vip-line-to-bottom}). +@item C-l +Center point in window and redisplay screen (@code{recenter}). +@end table + +@node Mark Commands, Motion Commands, Viewing the Buffer, Vi Commands +@section Mark Commands + +The following commands are used to mark positions in the buffer. + +@table @kbd +@item m @var{ch} +@kindex 155 @kbd{m} (@code{vip-mark-point}) +Store current point in the register @var{ch}. @var{ch} must be a +lower-case @acronym{ASCII} letter. +@item m < +Set mark at the beginning of current buffer. +@item m > +Set mark at the end of current buffer. +@item m . +Set mark at point. +@item m , +Jump to mark (and pop mark off the mark ring). +@end table + +@cindex mark ring + +Emacs uses the @dfn{mark ring} to store marked positions. The commands +@kbd{m <}, @kbd{m >} and @kbd{m .}@: not only set mark but also add it as the +latest element of the mark ring (replacing the oldest one). By repeating +the command `@kbd{m ,}' you can visit older and older marked positions. You +will eventually be in a loop as the mark ring is a ring. + +@node Motion Commands, Searching and Replacing, Mark Commands, Vi Commands +@section Motion Commands + +Commands for moving around in the current buffer are collected here. These +commands are used as an `argument' for the delete, change and yank commands +to be described in the next section. + +@table @kbd +@item h +@kindex 150 @kbd{h} (@code{vip-backward-char}) +Move point backward by one character. Signal error if point is at the +beginning of buffer, but (unlike Vi) do not complain otherwise +(@code{vip-backward-char}). +@item l +@kindex 154 @kbd{l} (@code{vip-forward-char}) +Move point backward by one character. Signal error if point is at the +end of buffer, but (unlike Vi) do not complain otherwise +(@code{vip-forward-char}). +@item j +@kindex 152 @kbd{j} (@code{vip-next-line}) +Move point to the next line keeping the current column. If point is on the +last line of the buffer, a new line will be created and point will move to +that line (@code{vip-next-line}). +@item k +@kindex 153 @kbd{k} (@code{vip-previous-line}) +Move point to the previous line keeping the current column +(@code{vip-next-line}). +@item + +@kindex 053 @kbd{+} (@code{vip-next-line-at-bol}) +Move point to the next line at the first non-white character. If point is +on the last line of the buffer, a new line will be created and point will +move to the beginning of that line (@code{vip-next-line-at-bol}). +@item - +@kindex 055 @kbd{-} (@code{vip-previous-line-at-bol}) +Move point to the previous line at the first non-white character +(@code{vip-previous-line-at-bol}). +@end table +@noindent +If a count is given to these commands, the commands will be repeated that +many times. + +@table @kbd +@item 0 +@kindex 060 @kbd{0} (@code{vip-beginning-of-line}) +Move point to the beginning of line (@code{vip-beginning-of-line}). +@item ^ +@kindex 136 @kbd{^} (@code{vip-bol-and-skip-white}) +Move point to the first non-white character on the line +(@code{vip-bol-and-skip-white}). +@item $ +@kindex 044 @kbd{$} (@code{vip-goto-eol}) +Move point to the end of line (@code{vip-goto-eol}). +@item @var{n} | +@kindex 174 @kbd{|} (@code{vip-goto-col}) +Move point to the @var{n}-th column on the line (@code{vip-goto-col}). +@end table +@noindent +Except for the @kbd{|} command, these commands neglect a count. + +@cindex word + +@table @kbd +@item w +@kindex 167 @kbd{w} (@code{vip-forward-word}) +Move point forward to the beginning of the next word +(@code{vip-forward-word}). +@item W +@kindex 127 @kbd{W} (@code{vip-forward-Word}) +Move point forward to the beginning of the next word, where a @dfn{word} is +considered as a sequence of non-white characters (@code{vip-forward-Word}). +@item b +@kindex 142 @kbd{b} (@code{vip-backward-word}) +Move point backward to the beginning of a word (@code{vip-backward-word}). +@item B +@kindex 102 @kbd{B} (@code{vip-backward-Word}) +Move point backward to the beginning of a word, where a @i{word} is +considered as a sequence of non-white characters (@code{vip-forward-Word}). +@item e +@kindex 145 @kbd{e} (@code{vip-end-of-word}) +Move point forward to the end of a word (@code{vip-end-of-word}). +@item E +@kindex 105 @kbd{E} (@code{vip-end-of-Word}) +Move point forward to the end of a word, where a @i{word} is +considered as a sequence of non-white characters (@code{vip-end-of-Word}). +@end table +@noindent +@cindex syntax table +Here the meaning of the word `word' for the @kbd{w}, @kbd{b} and @kbd{e} +commands is determined by the @dfn{syntax table} effective in the current +buffer. Each major mode has its syntax mode, and therefore the meaning of +a word also changes as the major mode changes. See GNU Emacs Manual for +details of syntax table. + +@table @kbd +@item H +@kindex 110 @kbd{H} (@code{vip-window-top}) +Move point to the beginning of the @i{home} (top) line of the window. +Given a count @var{n}, go to the @var{n}-th line from top +(@code{vip-window-top}). +@item M +@kindex 115 @kbd{M} (@code{vip-window-middle}) +Move point to the beginning of the @i{middle} line of the window. Given +a count @var{n}, go to the @var{n}-th line from the middle line +(@code{vip-window-middle}). +@item L +@kindex 114 @kbd{L} (@code{vip-window-bottom}) +Move point to the beginning of the @i{lowest} (bottom) line of the +window. Given count, go to the @var{n}-th line from bottom +(@code{vip-window-bottom}). +@end table +@noindent +These commands can be used to go to the desired line visible on the screen. + +@table @kbd +@item ( +@kindex 050 @kbd{(} (@code{vip-backward-sentence}) +Move point backward to the beginning of the sentence +(@code{vip-backward-sentence}). +@item ) +@kindex 051 @kbd{)} (@code{vip-forward-sentence}) +Move point forward to the end of the sentence +(@code{vip-forward-sentence}). +@item @{ +@kindex 173 @kbd{@{} (@code{vip-backward-paragraph}) +Move point backward to the beginning of the paragraph +(@code{vip-backward-paragraph}). +@item @} +@kindex 175 @kbd{@}} (@code{vip-forward-paragraph}) +Move point forward to the end of the paragraph +(@code{vip-forward-paragraph}). +@end table +@noindent +A count repeats the effect for these commands. + +@table @kbd +@item G +@kindex 107 @kbd{G} (@code{vip-goto-line}) +Given a count @var{n}, move point to the @var{n}-th line in the buffer on +the first non-white character. Without a count, go to the end of the buffer +(@code{vip-goto-line}). +@item ` ` +@kindex 140 @kbd{`} (@code{vip-goto-mark}) +Exchange point and mark (@code{vip-goto-mark}). +@item ` @var{ch} +Move point to the position stored in the register @var{ch}. @var{ch} must +be a lower-case letter. +@item ' ' +@kindex 047 @kbd{'} (@code{vip-goto-mark-and-skip-white}) +Exchange point and mark, and then move point to the first non-white +character on the line (@code{vip-goto-mark-and-skip-white}). +@item ' @var{ch} +Move point to the position stored in the register @var{ch} and skip to the +first non-white character on the line. @var{ch} must be a lower-case letter. +@item % +@kindex 045 @kbd{%} (@code{vip-paren-match}) +Move point to the matching parenthesis if point is looking at @kbd{(}, +@kbd{)}, @kbd{@{}, @kbd{@}}, @kbd{[} or @kbd{]} +@*(@code{vip-paren-match}). +@end table +@noindent +The command @kbd{G} mark point before move, so that you can return to the +original point by @kbd{` `}. The original point will also be stored in +the mark ring. + +The following commands are useful for moving points on the line. A count +will repeat the effect. + +@table @kbd +@item f @var{ch} +@kindex 146 @kbd{f} (@code{vip-find-char-forward}) +Move point forward to the character @var{ch} on the line. Signal error if +@var{ch} could not be found (@code{vip-find-char-forward}). +@item F @var{ch} +@kindex 106 @kbd{F} (@code{vip-find-char-backward}) +Move point backward to the character @var{ch} on the line. Signal error if +@var{ch} could not be found (@code{vip-find-char-backward}). +@item t @var{ch} +@kindex 164 @kbd{t} (@code{vip-goto-char-forward}) +Move point forward upto the character @var{ch} on the line. Signal error if +@var{ch} could not be found (@code{vip-goto-char-forward}). +@item T @var{ch} +@kindex 124 @kbd{T} (@code{vip-goto-char-backward}) +Move point backward upto the character @var{ch} on the line. Signal error if +@var{ch} could not be found (@code{vip-goto-char-backward}). +@item ; +@kindex 073 @kbd{;} (@code{vip-repeat-find}) +Repeat previous @kbd{f}, @kbd{t}, @kbd{F} or @kbd{T} command +(@code{vip-repeat-find}). +@item , +@kindex 054 @kbd{,} (@code{vip-repeat-find-opposite}) +Repeat previous @kbd{f}, @kbd{t}, @kbd{F} or @kbd{T} command, in the +opposite direction (@code{vip-repeat-find-opposite}). +@end table + +@node Searching and Replacing, Modifying Commands, Motion Commands, Vi Commands +@section Searching and Replacing + +Following commands are available for searching and replacing. + +@cindex regular expression (search) + +@table @kbd +@item / @var{string} @key{RET} +@kindex 057 @kbd{/} (@code{vip-search-forward}) +Search the first occurrence of the string @var{string} forward starting +from point. Given a count @var{n}, the @var{n}-th occurrence of +@var{string} will be searched. If the variable @code{vip-re-search} has value +@code{t} then @dfn{regular expression} search is done and the string +matching the regular expression @var{string} is found. If you give an +empty string as @var{string} then the search mode will change from vanilla +search to regular expression search and vice versa +(@code{vip-search-forward}). +@item ? @var{string} @key{RET} +@kindex 077 @kbd{?} (@code{vip-search-backward}) +Same as @kbd{/}, except that search is done backward +(@code{vip-search-backward}). +@item n +@kindex 156 @kbd{n} (@code{vip-search-next}) +Search the previous search pattern in the same direction as before +(@code{vip-search-next}). +@item N +@kindex 116 @kbd{N} (@code{vip-search-Next}) +Search the previous search pattern in the opposite direction +(@code{vip-search-Next}). +@item C-s +@kindex 023 @kbd{C-s} (@code{isearch-forward}) +Search forward incrementally. See GNU Emacs Manual for details +(@code{isearch-forward}). +@item C-r +@kindex 022 @kbd{C-r} (@code{isearch-backward}) +Search backward incrementally (@code{isearch-backward}). +@cindex vanilla (replacement) +@cindex regular expression (replacement) +@item R @var{string} RET @var{newstring} +@kindex 122 @kbd{R} (@code{vip-replace-string}) +There are two modes of replacement, @dfn{vanilla} and @dfn{regular expression}. +If the mode is @i{vanilla} you will get a prompt @samp{Replace string:}, +and if the mode is @i{regular expression} you will ge a prompt +@samp{Replace regexp:}. The mode is initially @i{vanilla}, but you can +toggle these modes by giving a null string as @var{string}. If the mode is +vanilla, this command replaces every occurrence of @var{string} with +@var{newstring}. If the mode is regular expression, @var{string} is +treated as a regular expression and every string matching the regular +expression is replaced with @var{newstring} (@code{vip-replace-string}). +@item Q @var{string} RET @var{newstring} +@kindex 121 @kbd{Q} (@code{vip-query-replace}) +Same as @kbd{R} except that you will be asked form confirmation before each +replacement +@*(@code{vip-query-replace}). +@item r @var{ch} +@kindex 162 @kbd{r} (@code{vip-replace-char}) +Replace the character point is looking at by the character @var{ch}. Give +count, replace that many characters by @var{ch} (@code{vip-replace-char}). +@end table +@noindent +The commands @kbd{/} and @kbd{?} mark point before move, so that you can +return to the original point by @w{@kbd{` `}}. + +@node Modifying Commands, Delete Commands, Searching and Replacing, Vi Commands +@section Modifying Commands + +In this section, commands for modifying the content of a buffer are +described. These commands affect the region determined by a motion command +which is given to the commands as their argument. + +@cindex point commands +@cindex line commands + +We classify motion commands into @dfn{point commands} and +@dfn{line commands}. The point commands are as follows: +@example +@kbd{h}, @kbd{l}, @kbd{0}, @kbd{^}, @kbd{$}, @kbd{w}, @kbd{W}, @kbd{b}, @kbd{B}, @kbd{e}, @kbd{E}, @kbd{(}, @kbd{)}, @kbd{/}, @kbd{?}, @kbd{`}, @kbd{f}, @kbd{F}, @kbd{t}, @kbd{T}, @kbd{%}, @kbd{;}, @kbd{,} +@end example +@noindent +The line commands are as follows: +@example +@kbd{j}, @kbd{k}, @kbd{+}, @kbd{-}, @kbd{H}, @kbd{M}, @kbd{L}, @kbd{@{}, @kbd{@}}, @kbd{G}, @kbd{'} +@end example +@noindent +@cindex expanding (region) +If a point command is given as an argument to a modifying command, the +region determined by the point command will be affected by the modifying +command. On the other hand, if a line command is given as an argument to a +modifying command, the region determined by the line command will be +enlarged so that it will become the smallest region properly containing the +region and consisting of whole lines (we call this process @dfn{expanding +the region}), and then the enlarged region will be affected by the modifying +command. + +@menu +* Delete Commands:: Commands for deleting text. +* Yank Commands:: Commands for yanking text in Vi's sense. +* Put Back Commands:: Commands for putting back deleted/yanked text. +* Change Commands:: Commands for changing text. +* Repeating and Undoing Modifications:: +@end menu +@node Delete Commands, Yank Commands, Modifying Commands, Modifying Commands +@subsection Delete Commands + +@table @kbd +@item d @var{motion-command} +@kindex 1440 @kbd{d} (@code{vip-command-argument}) +Delete the region determined by the motion command @var{motion-command}. +@end table +@noindent +For example, @kbd{d $} will delete the region between point and end of +current line since @kbd{$} is a point command that moves point to end of line. +@kbd{d G} will delete the region between the beginning of current line and +end of the buffer, since @kbd{G} is a line command. A count given to the +command above will become the count for the associated motion command. +Thus, @kbd{3 d w} will delete three words. + +@kindex 042 @kbd{"} (@code{vip-command-argument}) +It is also possible to save the deleted text into a register you specify. +For example, you can say @kbd{" t 3 d w} to delete three words and save it +to register @kbd{t}. The name of a register is a lower-case letter between +@kbd{a} and @kbd{z}. If you give an upper-case letter as an argument to +a delete command, then the deleted text will be appended to the content of +the register having the corresponding lower-case letter as its name. So, +@kbd{" T d w} will delete a word and append it to register @kbd{t}. Other +modifying commands also accept a register name as their argument, and we +will not repeat similar explanations. + +We have more delete commands as below. + +@table @kbd +@item d d +@kindex 1442 @kbd{d d} +Delete a line. Given a count @var{n}, delete @var{n} lines. +@item d r +@kindex 1442 @kbd{d r} +Delete current region. +@item d R +@kindex 1441 @kbd{d R} +Expand current region and delete it. +@item D +@kindex 104 @kbd{D} (@code{vip-kill-line}) +Delete to the end of a line (@code{vip-kill-line}). +@item x +@kindex 170 @kbd{x} (@code{vip-delete-char}) +Delete a character after point. Given @var{n}, delete @var{n} characters +(@code{vip-delete-char}). +@item @key{DEL} +@kindex 177 @kbd{DEL} (@code{vip-delete-backward-char}) +Delete a character before point. Given @var{n}, delete @var{n} characters +(@code{vip-delete-backward-char}). +@end table + +@node Yank Commands, Put Back Commands, Delete Commands, Modifying Commands +@subsection Yank Commands + +@cindex yank + +Yank commands @dfn{yank} a text of buffer into a (usually anonymous) register. +Here the word `yank' is used in Vi's sense. Thus yank commands do not +alter the content of the buffer, and useful only in combination with +commands that put back the yanked text into the buffer. + +@table @kbd +@item y @var{motion-command} +@kindex 1710 @kbd{y} (@code{vip-command-argument}) +Yank the region determined by the motion command @var{motion-command}. +@end table +@noindent +For example, @kbd{y $} will yank the text between point and the end of line +into an anonymous register, while @kbd{"c y $} will yank the same text into +register @kbd{c}. + +Use the following command to yank consecutive lines of text. + +@table @kbd +@item y y +@itemx Y +@kindex 131 @kbd{Y} (@code{vip-yank-line}) +@kindex 1712 @kbd{y y} (@code{vip-yank-line}) +Yank a line. Given @var{n}, yank @var{n} lines (@code{vip-yank-line}). +@item y r +@kindex 1712 @kbd{y r} +Yank current region. +@item y R +@kindex 1711 @kbd{y R} +Expand current region and yank it. +@end table + +@node Put Back Commands, Change Commands, Yank Commands, Modifying Commands +@subsection Put Back Commands +Deleted or yanked texts can be put back into the buffer by the command +below. + +@table @kbd +@item p +@kindex 160 @kbd{p} (@code{vip-put-back}) +Insert, after the character point is looking at, most recently +deleted/yanked text from anonymous register. Given a register name +argument, the content of the named register will be put back. Given a +count, the command will be repeated that many times. This command also +checks if the text to put back ends with a new line character, and if so +the text will be put below the current line (@code{vip-put-back}). +@item P +@kindex 120 @kbd{P} (@code{vip-Put-back}) +Insert at point most recently deleted/yanked text from anonymous register. +Given a register name argument, the content of the named register will +be put back. Given a count, the command will be repeated that many times. +This command also checks if the text to put back ends with a new line +character, and if so the text will be put above the current line rather +than at point (@code{vip-Put-back}). +@end table +@noindent +@cindex number register +Thus, @kbd{" c p} will put back the content of the register @kbd{c} into the +buffer. It is also possible to specify @dfn{number register} which is a +numeral between @kbd{1} and @kbd{9}. If the number register @var{n} is +specified, @var{n}-th previously deleted/yanked text will be put back. It +is an error to specify a number register for the delete/yank commands. + +@node Change Commands, Repeating and Undoing Modifications, Put Back Commands, Modifying Commands +@subsection Change Commands + +Most commonly used change command takes the following form. + +@table @kbd +@item c @var{motion-command} +@kindex 1430 @kbd{c} (@code{vip-command-argument}) +Replace the content of the region determined by the motion command +@var{motion-command} by the text you type. If the motion command is a +point command then you will type the text into minibuffer, and if the +motion command is a line command then the region will be deleted first and +you can insert the text in @var{insert mode}. +@end table +@noindent +For example, if point is at the beginning of a word @samp{foo} and you +wish to change it to @samp{bar}, you can type @kbd{c w}. Then, as @kbd{w} +is a point command, you will get the prompt @samp{foo =>} in the +minibuffer, for which you can type @kbd{b a r @key{RET}} to complete the change +command.@refill + +@table @kbd +@item c c +@kindex 1432 @kbd{c c} +Change a line. Given a count, that many lines are changed. +@item c r +@kindex 1432 @kbd{c r} +Change current region. +@item c R +@kindex 1431 @kbd{c R} +Expand current region and change it. +@end table + +@node Repeating and Undoing Modifications, Other Vi Commands, Change Commands, Modifying Commands +@subsection Repeating and Undoing Modifications + +VIP records the previous modifying command, so that it is easy to repeat +it. It is also very easy to undo changes made by modifying commands. + +@table @kbd +@item u +@kindex 165 @kbd{u} (@code{vip-undo}) +Undo the last change. You can undo more by repeating undo by the repeat +command @samp{.}. For example, you can undo 5 previous changes by typing +@samp{u....}. If you type @samp{uu}, then the second @samp{u} undoes the +first undo command (@code{vip-undo}). +@item . +@kindex 056 @kbd{.} (@code{vip-repeat}) +Repeat the last modifying command. Given count @var{n} it becomes the new +count for the repeated command. Otherwise, the count for the last +modifying command is used again (@code{vip-repeat}). +@end table + +@node Other Vi Commands, Commands in Insert Mode, Repeating and Undoing Modifications, Vi Commands +@section Other Vi Commands + +Miscellaneous Vi commands are collected here. + +@table @kbd +@item Z Z +@kindex 132 @kbd{Z Z} (@code{save-buffers-kill-emacs}) +Exit Emacs. If modified buffers exist, you will be asked whether you wish +to save them or not (@code{save-buffers-kill-emacs}). +@item !@: @var{motion-command} @var{format-command} +@itemx @var{n} !@: !@: @var{format-command} +@kindex 041 @kbd{!} (@code{vip-command-argument}) +The region determined by the motion command @var{motion-command} will be +given to the shell command @var{format-command} and the region will be +replaced by its output. If a count is given, it will be passed to +@var{motion-command}. For example, @samp{3!Gsort} will sort the region +between point and the 3rd line. If @kbd{!} is used instead of +@var{motion-command} then @var{n} lines will be processed by +@var{format-command} (@code{vip-command-argument}). +@item J +@kindex 112 @kbd{J} (@code{vip-join-lines}) +Join two lines. Given count, join that many lines. A space will be +inserted at each junction (@code{vip-join-lines}). +@item < @var{motion-command} +@itemx @var{n} < < +@kindex 074 @kbd{<} (@code{vip-command-argument}) +Shift region determined by the motion command @var{motion-command} to +left by @var{shift-width} (default is 8). If @kbd{<} is used instead of +@var{motion-command} then shift @var{n} lines +@*(@code{vip-command-argument}). +@item > @var{motion-command} +@itemx @var{n} > > +@kindex 076 @kbd{>} (@code{vip-command-argument}) +Shift region determined by the motion command @var{motion-command} to +right by @var{shift-width} (default is 8). If @kbd{<} is used instead of +@var{motion-command} then shift @var{n} lines +@*(@code{vip-command-argument}). +@item = @var{motion-command} +@kindex 075 @kbd{=} (@code{vip-command-argument}) +Indent region determined by the motion command @var{motion-command}. If +@kbd{=} is used instead of @var{motion-command} then indent @var{n} lines +(@code{vip-command-argument}). +@item * +@kindex 052 @kbd{*} (@code{vip-call-last-kbd-macro}) +Call last remembered keyboard macro. +@item # +A new vi operator. @xref{New Commands}, for more details. +@end table + +The following keys are reserved for future extensions, and currently +assigned to a function that just beeps (@code{vip-nil}). + +@kindex 046 @kbd{&} (@code{vip-nil}) +@kindex 100 @kbd{@@} (@code{vip-nil}) +@kindex 125 @kbd{U} (@code{vip-nil}) +@kindex 133 @kbd{[} (@code{vip-nil}) +@kindex 135 @kbd{]} (@code{vip-nil}) +@kindex 137 @kbd{_} (@code{vip-nil}) +@kindex 161 @kbd{q} (@code{vip-nil}) +@kindex 176 @kbd{~} (@code{vip-nil}) + +@example +&, @@, U, [, ], _, q, ~ +@end example + +VIP uses a special local keymap to interpret key strokes you enter in vi +mode. The following keys are bound to @var{nil} in the keymap. Therefore, +these keys are interpreted by the global keymap of Emacs. We give below a +short description of the functions bound to these keys in the global +keymap. See GNU Emacs Manual for details. + +@table @kbd +@item C-@@ +@kindex 000 @kbd{C-@@} (@code{set-mark-command}) +Set mark and push previous mark on mark ring (@code{set-mark-command}). +@item TAB +@kindex 011 TAB (@code{indent-for-tab-command}) +Indent line for current major mode (@code{indent-for-tab-command}). +@item C-j +@kindex 012 @kbd{C-j} (@code{newline-and-indent}) +Insert a newline, then indent according to mode (@code{newline-and-indent}). +@item C-k +@kindex 013 @kbd{C-k} (@code{kill-line}) +Kill the rest of the current line; before a newline, kill the newline. +With a numeric argument, kill that many lines from point. Negative arguments +kill lines backward (@code{kill-line}). +@item C-l +@kindex 014 @kbd{C-l} (@code{recenter}) +Clear the screen and reprint everything (@code{recenter}). +@item @var{n} C-p +@kindex 020 @kbd{C-p} (@code{previous-line}) +Move cursor vertically up @var{n} lines (@code{previous-line}). +@item C-q +@kindex 021 @kbd{C-q} (@code{quoted-insert}) +Read next input character and insert it. Useful for inserting control +characters +@*(@code{quoted-insert}). +@item C-r +@kindex 022 @kbd{C-r} (@code{isearch-backward}) +Search backward incrementally (@code{isearch-backward}). +@item C-s +@kindex 023 @kbd{C-s} (@code{isearch-forward}) +Search forward incrementally (@code{isearch-forward}). +@item @var{n} C-t +@kindex 024 @kbd{C-t} (@code{transpose-chars}) +Interchange characters around point, moving forward one character. With +count @var{n}, take character before point and drag it forward past @var{n} +other characters. If no argument and at end of line, the previous two +characters are exchanged (@code{transpose-chars}). +@item @var{n} C-v +@kindex 026 @kbd{C-v} (@code{scroll-up}) +Scroll text upward @var{n} lines. If @var{n} is not given, scroll near +full screen (@code{scroll-up}). +@item C-w +@kindex 027 @kbd{C-w} (@code{kill-region}) +Kill between point and mark. The text is save in the kill ring. The +command @kbd{P} or @kbd{p} can retrieve it from kill ring +(@code{kill-region}). +@end table + +@node Commands in Insert Mode, Ex Commands, Other Vi Commands, Vi Commands +@section Insert Mode + +You can enter insert mode by one of the following commands. In addition to +these, you will enter insert mode if you give a change command with a line +command as the motion command. Insert commands are also modifying commands +and you can repeat them by the repeat command @kbd{.} (@code{vip-repeat}). + +@table @kbd +@item i +@kindex 151 @kbd{i} (@code{vip-insert}) +Enter insert mode at point (@code{vip-insert}). +@item I +@kindex 111 @kbd{I} (@code{vip-Insert}) +Enter insert mode at the first non white character on the line +(@code{vip-Insert}). +@item a +@kindex 141 @kbd{a} (@code{vip-append}) +Move point forward by one character and then enter insert mode +(@code{vip-append}). +@item A +@kindex 101 @kbd{A} (@code{vip-Append}) +Enter insert mode at end of line (@code{vip-Append}). +@item o +@kindex 157 @kbd{o} (@code{vip-open-line}) +Open a new line below the current line and enter insert mode +(@code{vip-open-line}). +@item O +@kindex 117 @kbd{O} (@code{vip-Open-line}) +Open a new line above the current line and enter insert mode +(@code{vip-Open-line}). +@item C-o +@kindex 017 @kbd{C-o} (@code{vip-open-line-at-point}) +Insert a newline and leave point before it, and then enter insert mode +@*(@code{vip-open-line-at-point}). +@end table + +Insert mode is almost like emacs mode. Only the following 4 keys behave +differently from emacs mode. + +@table @kbd +@item @key{ESC} +@kindex 033 @kbd{ESC} (@code{vip-change-mode-to-vi}) (insert mode) +This key will take you back to vi mode (@code{vip-change-mode-to-vi}). +@item C-h +@kindex 010 @kbd{C-h} (@code{delete-backward-char}) (insert mode) +Delete previous character (@code{delete-backward-char}). +@item C-w +@kindex 027 @kbd{C-w} (@code{vip-delete-backward-word}) (insert mode) +Delete previous word (@code{vip-delete-backward-word}). +@item C-z +@kindex 032 @kbd{C-z} (@code{vip-ESC}) (insert mode) +This key simulates @key{ESC} key in emacs mode. For instance, typing +@kbd{C-z x} in insert mode is the same as typing @kbd{ESC x} in emacs mode +(@code{vip-ESC}). +@end table +@noindent +You can also bind @kbd{C-h} to @code{help-command} if you like. +(@xref{Customizing Key Bindings}, for details.) Binding @kbd{C-h} to +@code{help-command} has the effect of making the meaning of @kbd{C-h} +uniform among emacs, vi and insert modes. + +When you enter insert mode, VIP records point as the start point of +insertion, and when you leave insert mode the region between point and +start point is saved for later use by repeat command etc. Therefore, repeat +command will not really repeat insertion if you move point by emacs +commands while in insert mode. + +@node Ex Commands, Ex Command Reference, Commands in Insert Mode, Top +@chapter Ex Commands + +@kindex 072 @kbd{:} (@code{vip-ex}) + +In vi mode, you can execute an Ex command @var{ex-command} by typing: +@example +@kbd{:@: @var{ex-command} @key{RET}} +@end example +Every Ex command follows the following pattern: +@example +@var{address command} @kbd{!}@: @var{parameters count flags} +@end example +@noindent +@cindex address +where all parts are optional. For the syntax of @dfn{address}, the reader +is referred to the reference manual of Ex. + +@cindex magic +@cindex regular expression + +In the current version of VIP, searching by Ex commands is always +@dfn{magic}. That is, search patterns are always treated as @dfn{regular +expressions}. For example, a typical forward search would be invoked by +@kbd{:/@var{pat}/}. If you wish to include @samp{/} as part of +@var{pat} you must preceded it by @samp{\}. VIP strips off these @kbd{\}'s +before @kbd{/} and the resulting @var{pat} becomes the actual search +pattern. Emacs provides a different and richer class or regular +expressions than Vi/Ex, and VIP uses Emacs' regular expressions. See GNU +Emacs Manual for details of regular expressions. + +Several Ex commands can be entered in a line by separating them by a pipe +character @samp{|}. + +@menu +* Ex Command Reference:: Explain all the Ex commands available in VIP. +@end menu +@node Ex Command Reference, Customization, Ex Commands, Ex Commands +@section Ex Command Reference +In this section we briefly explain all the Ex commands supported by VIP. +Most Ex commands expect @var{address} as their argument, and they use +default addresses if they are not explicitly given. In the following, such +default addresses will be shown in parentheses. + +Most command names can and preferably be given in abbreviated forms. In +the following, optional parts of command names will be enclosed in +brackets. For example, @samp{co[py]} will mean that copy command can be +give as @samp{co} or @samp{cop} or @samp{copy}. + +If @var{command} is empty, point will move to the beginning of the line +specified by the @var{address}. If @var{address} is also empty, point will +move to the beginning of the current line. + +@cindex flag + +Some commands accept @dfn{flags} which are one of @kbd{p}, @kbd{l} and +@kbd{#}. If @var{flags} are given, the text affected by the commands will +be displayed on a temporary window, and you will be asked to hit return to +continue. In this way, you can see the text affected by the commands +before the commands will be executed. If you hit @kbd{C-g} instead of +@key{RET} then the commands will be aborted. Note that the meaning of +@var{flags} is different in VIP from that in Vi/Ex. + +@table @kbd +@item (.,.@:) co[py] @var{addr} @var{flags} +@itemx (.,.@:) t @var{addr} @var{flags} +Place a copy of specified lines after @var{addr}. If @var{addr} is +@kbd{0}, it will be placed before the first line. +@item (.,.@:) d[elete] @var{register} @var{count} @var{flags} +Delete specified lines. Text will be saved in a named @var{register} if a +lower-case letter is given, and appended to a register if a capital letter is +given. +@item e[dit] !@: +@var{addr} @var{file} +@itemx e[x] !@: +@var{addr} @var{file} +@itemx vi[sual] !@: +@var{addr} @var{file} +Edit a new file @var{file} in the current window. The command will abort +if current buffer is modified, which you can override by giving @kbd{!}. +If @kbd{+}@var{addr} is given, @var{addr} becomes the current line. +@item file +Give information about the current file. +@item (1,$) g[lobal] !@: /@var{pat}/ @var{cmds} +@itemx (1,$) v /@var{pat}/ @var{cmds} +Among specified lines first mark each line which matches the regular +expression @var{pat}, and then execute @var{cmds} on each marked line. +If @kbd{!}@: is given, @var{cmds} will be executed on each line not matching +@var{pat}. @kbd{v} is same as @kbd{g!}. +@item (.,.+1) j[oin] !@: @var{count} @var{flags} +Join specified lines into a line. Without @kbd{!}, a space character will +be inserted at each junction. +@item (.@:) k @var{ch} +@itemx (.@:) mar[k] @var{ch} +Mark specified line by a lower-case character @var{ch}. Then the +addressing form @kbd{'}@var{ch} will refer to this line. No white space is +required between @kbd{k} and @var{ch}. A white space is necessary between +@kbd{mark} and @var{ch}, however. +@item map @var{ch} @var{rhs} +Define a macro for vi mode. After this command, the character @var{ch} +will be expanded to @var{rhs} in vi mode. +@item (.,.@:) m[ove] @var{addr} +Move specified lines after @var{addr}. +@item (.@:) pu[t] @var{register} +Put back previously deleted or yanked text. If @var{register} is given, +the text saved in the register will be put back; otherwise, last deleted or +yanked text will be put back. +@item q[uit] ! +Quit from Emacs. If modified buffers with associated files exist, you will +be asked whether you wish to save each of them. At this point, you may +choose not to quit, by hitting @kbd{C-g}. If @kbd{!}@: is given, exit from +Emacs without saving modified buffers. +@item (.@:) r[ead] @var{file} +Read in the content of the file @var{file} after the specified line. +@item (.@:) r[ead] !@: @var{command} +Read in the output of the shell command @var{command} after the specified +line. +@item se[t] +Set a variable's value. @xref{Customizing Constants}, for the list of variables +you can set. +@item sh[ell] +Run a subshell in a window. +@item (.,.@:) s[ubstitute] /@var{pat}/@var{repl}/ @var{options} @var{count} @var{flags} +@itemx (.,.@:) & @var{options} @var{count} @var{flags} +On each specified line, the first occurrence of string matching regular +expression @var{pat} is replaced by replacement pattern @var{repl}. Option +characters are @kbd{g} and @kbd{c}. If global option character @kbd{g} +appears as part of @var{options}, all occurrences are substituted. If +confirm option character @kbd{c} appears, you will be asked to give +confirmation before each substitution. If @kbd{/@var{pat}/@var{repl}/} is +missing, the last substitution is repeated. +@item st[op] +Suspend Emacs. +@item ta[g] @var{tag} +@cindex tag +@cindex selected tags table +Find first definition of @var{tag}. If no @var{tag} is given, previously +given @var{tag} is used and next alternate definition is find. By default, +the file @file{TAGS} in the current directory becomes the @dfn{selected tags +table}. You can select another tags table by @kbd{set} command. +@xref{Customizing Constants}, for details. +@item und[o] +Undo the last change. +@item unm[ap] @var{ch} +The macro expansion associated with @var{ch} is removed. +@item ve[rsion] +Tell the version number of VIP. +@item (1,$) w[rite] !@: @var{file} +Write out specified lines into file @var{file}. If no @var{file} is given, +text will be written to the file associated to the current buffer. Unless +@kbd{!}@: is given, if @var{file} is different from the file associated to +the current buffer and if the file @var{file} exists, the command will not +be executed. Unlike Ex, @var{file} becomes the file associated to the +current buffer. +@item (1,$) w[rite]>> @var{file} +Write out specified lines at the end of file @var{file}. @var{file} +becomes the file associated to the current buffer. +@item (1,$) wq !@: @var{file} +Same as @kbd{write} and then @kbd{quit}. If @kbd{!}@: is given, same as +@kbd{write !}@: then @kbd{quit}. +@item (.,.) y[ank] @var{register} @var{count} +Save specified lines into register @var{register}. If no register is +specified, text will be saved in an anonymous register. +@item @var{addr} !@: @var{command} +Execute shell command @var{command}. The output will be shown in a new +window. If @var{addr} is given, specified lines will be used as standard +input to @var{command}. +@item ($) = +Print the line number of the addressed line. +@item (.,.) > @var{count} @var{flags} +Shift specified lines to the right. The variable @code{vip-shift-width} +(default value is 8) determines the amount of shift. +@item (.,.) < @var{count} @var{flags} +Shift specified lines to the left. The variable @code{vip-shift-width} +(default value is 8) determines the amount of shift. +@item (.,.@:) ~ @var{options} @var{count} @var{flags} +Repeat the previous @kbd{substitute} command using previous search pattern +as @var{pat} for matching. +@end table + +The following Ex commands are available in Vi, but not implemented in VIP. +@example +@kbd{abbreviate}, @kbd{list}, @kbd{next}, @kbd{print}, @kbd{preserve}, @kbd{recover}, @kbd{rewind}, @kbd{source}, +@kbd{unabbreviate}, @kbd{xit}, @kbd{z} +@end example + +@node Customization, Customizing Constants, Ex Command Reference, Top +@chapter Customization + +If you have a file called @file{.vip} in your home directory, then it +will also be loaded when VIP is loaded. This file is thus useful for +customizing VIP. + +@menu +* Customizing Constants:: How to change values of constants. +* Customizing Key Bindings:: How to change key bindings. +@end menu + +@node Customizing Constants, Customizing Key Bindings, Customization, Customization +@section Customizing Constants +An easy way to customize VIP is to change the values of constants used +in VIP. Here is the list of the constants used in VIP and their default +values. + +@table @code +@item vip-shift-width 8 +The number of columns shifted by @kbd{>} and @kbd{<} command. +@item vip-re-replace nil +If @code{t} then do regexp replace, if @code{nil} then do string replace. +@item vip-search-wrap-around t +If @code{t}, search wraps around the buffer. +@item vip-re-search nil +If @code{t} then search is reg-exp search, if @code{nil} then vanilla +search. +@item vip-case-fold-search nil +If @code{t} search ignores cases. +@item vip-re-query-replace nil +If @code{t} then do reg-exp replace in query replace. +@item vip-open-with-indent nil +If @code{t} then indent to the previous current line when open a new line +by @kbd{o} or @kbd{O} command. +@item vip-tags-file-name "TAGS" +The name of the file used as the tags table. +@item vip-help-in-insert-mode nil +If @code{t} then @key{C-h} is bound to @code{help-command} in insert mode, +if @code{nil} then it sis bound to @code{delete-backward-char}. +@end table +@noindent +You can reset these constants in VIP by the Ex command @kbd{set}. Or you +can include a line like this in your @file{.vip} file: +@example +(setq vip-case-fold-search t) +@end example + +@node Customizing Key Bindings,, Customizing Constants, Customization +@section Customizing Key Bindings + +@cindex local keymap + +VIP uses @code{vip-command-mode-map} as the @dfn{local keymap} for vi mode. +For example, in vi mode, @key{SPC} is bound to the function +@code{vip-scroll}. But, if you wish to make @key{SPC} and some other keys + behave like Vi, you can include the following lines in your @file{.vip} +file. + +@example +(define-key vip-command-mode-map "\C-g" 'vip-info-on-file) +(define-key vip-command-mode-map "\C-h" 'vip-backward-char) +(define-key vip-command-mode-map "\C-m" 'vip-next-line-at-bol) +(define-key vip-command-mode-map " " 'vip-forward-char) +(define-key vip-command-mode-map "g" 'vip-keyboard-quit) +(define-key vip-command-mode-map "s" 'vip-substitute) +(define-key vip-command-mode-map "C" 'vip-change-to-eol) +(define-key vip-command-mode-map "R" 'vip-change-to-eol) +(define-key vip-command-mode-map "S" 'vip-substitute-line) +(define-key vip-command-mode-map "X" 'vip-delete-backward-char) +@end example + +@node GNU Free Documentation License,,, Top +@appendix GNU Free Documentation License +@include doclicense.texi + + +@unnumbered Key Index + +@printindex ky + +@unnumbered Concept Index +@printindex cp + +@setchapternewpage odd +@contents +@bye + +@ignore + arch-tag: 7c5d17b9-1d21-4261-a88a-b9fdbbf1020b +@end ignore