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-'\" t
-.\" Copyright (C) 1995, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
-.\"   2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-.\"
-.\" This file is part of GNU Emacs.
-.\"
-.\" GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-.\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-.\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
-.\" any later version.
-.\"
-.\" GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
-.\"
-.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-.\" along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the
-.\" Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
-.\" Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
-.\"
-'\" t
-.TH EMACS 1 "2007 April 13" "GNU Emacs 22.1"
-.
-.
-.SH NAME
-emacs \- GNU project Emacs
-.
-.
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B emacs
-[
-.I command-line switches
-] [
-.I files ...\&
-]
-.
-.
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.I GNU Emacs
-is a version of
-.IR Emacs ,
-written by the author of the original (PDP-10)
-.IR Emacs ,
-Richard Stallman.
-.br
-The primary documentation of GNU Emacs is in the GNU Emacs Manual,
-which you can read using Info, either from Emacs or as a standalone
-program.
-Please look there for complete and up-to-date documentation.
-This man page is updated only when someone volunteers to do so; the
-Emacs maintainers' priority goal is to minimize the amount of time
-this man page takes away from other more useful projects.
-.br
-The user functionality of GNU Emacs encompasses
-everything other
-.I Emacs
-editors do, and it is easily extensible since its
-editing commands are written in Lisp.
-.PP
-.I Emacs
-has an extensive interactive help facility,
-but the facility assumes that you know how to manipulate
-.I Emacs
-windows and buffers.
-CTRL-h or F1 enters the Help facility.
-Help Tutorial (CTRL-h t) starts an interactive tutorial which can
-teach beginners the fundamentals of
-.I Emacs
-in a few minutes.
-Help Apropos (CTRL-h a) helps you
-find a command given its functionality, Help Character (CTRL-h c)
-describes a given character's effect, and Help Function (CTRL-h f)
-describes a given Lisp function specified by name.
-.PP
-.IR Emacs 's
-Undo can undo several steps of modification to your buffers, so it is
-easy to recover from editing mistakes.
-.PP
-.IR "GNU Emacs" 's
-many special packages handle mail reading (RMail) and sending (Mail),
-outline editing (Outline), compiling (Compile), running subshells
-within
-.I Emacs
-windows (Shell), running a Lisp read-eval-print loop
-(Lisp-Interaction-Mode), automated psychotherapy (Doctor), and much more.
-.PP
-There is an extensive reference manual, but
-users of other Emacses
-should have little trouble adapting even
-without a copy.
-Users new to
-.I Emacs
-will be able
-to use basic features fairly rapidly by studying the tutorial and
-using the self-documentation features.
-.
-.SS Emacs Options
-The following options are of general interest:
-.RS
-.TP 8
-.I file
-Edit
-.IR file .
-.TP
-.BI \-\-file " file\fR,\fP " \-\-find-file " file\fR,\fP " \-\-visit " file"
-The same as specifying
-.I file
-directly as an argument.
-.TP
-.BI + number
-Go to the line specified by
-.I number
-(do not insert a space between the "+" sign and
-the number).
-This applies only to the next file specified.
-.TP
-.BI + line:column
-Go to the specified
-.I line
-and
-.IR column .
-.TP
-.BR \-q ", " \-\-no\-init\-file
-Do not load an init file.
-.TP
-.B \-\-no\-site\-file
-Do not load the site-wide startup file.
-.TP
-.B \-\-no\-desktop
-Do not load a saved desktop.
-.TP
-.BR \-nl ", " \-\-no\-shared\-memory
-Do not use shared memory.
-.TP
-.BR \-Q ", " \-\-quick
-Equivalent to "\-q \-\-no\-site\-file \-\-no\-splash".
-.TP
-.B \-\-no\-splash
-Do not display a splash screen during start-up.
-.TP
-.B \-\-debug\-init
-Enable
-.I Emacs
-Lisp debugger during the processing of the user init file
-.BR ~/.emacs .
-This is useful for debugging problems in the init file.
-.TP
-.BI \-u " user\fR,\fP " \-\-user " user"
-Load
-.IR user 's
-init file.
-.TP
-.BI \-t " file\fR,\fP " \-\-terminal " file"
-Use specified
-.I file
-as the terminal instead of using stdin/stdout.
-This must be the first argument specified in the command line.
-.TP
-.BR \-\-multibyte ", " \-\-no-unibyte
-Enable multibyte mode (enabled by default).
-.TP
-.BR \-\-unibyte ", " \-\-no-multibyte
-Enable unibyte mode.
-.TP
-.B \-\-version
-Display
-.I Emacs
-version information and exit.
-.TP
-.B \-\-help
-Display this help and exit.
-.RE
-.PP
-The following options are lisp-oriented
-(these options are processed in the order encountered):
-.RS
-.TP 8
-.BI \-f " function\fR,\fP " \-\-funcall " function"
-Execute the lisp function
-.IR function .
-.TP
-.BI \-l " file\fR,\fP " \-\-load " file"
-Load the lisp code in the file
-.IR file .
-.TP
-.BI \-\-eval " expr\fR,\fP " \-\-execute " expr"
-Evaluate the Lisp expression
-.IR expr .
-.RE
-.PP
-The following options are useful when running
-.I Emacs
-as a batch editor:
-.RS
-.TP 8
-.B \-\-batch
-Edit in batch mode.
-The editor will send messages to stderr.
-This option must be the first in the argument list.
-You must use \-l and \-f options to specify files to execute
-and functions to call.
-.TP
-.BI \-\-script " file"
-Run
-.I file
-as an Emacs Lisp script.
-.TP
-.BI \-\-insert " file"
-Insert contents of
-.I file
-into the current buffer.
-.TP
-.B \-\-kill
-Exit
-.I Emacs
-while in batch mode.
-.TP
-.BI \-L " dir\fR,\fP " \-\-directory " dir"
-Add
-.I dir
-to the list of directories
-.I Emacs
-searches for Lisp files.
-.RE
-.
-.\" START DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X
-.SS Using Emacs with X
-.I Emacs
-has been tailored to work well with the X window system.
-If you run
-.I Emacs
-from under X windows, it will create its own X window to
-display in.
-You will probably want to start the editor as a background
-process so that you can continue using your original window.
-.PP
-.I Emacs
-can be started with the following X switches:
-.RS
-.TP 8
-.BI \-\-name " name"
-Specify the name which should be assigned to the initial
-.I Emacs
-window.
-This controls looking up X resources as well as the window title.
-.TP
-.BI \-T " name\fR,\fP " \-\-title " name"
-Specify the title for the initial X window.
-.TP
-.BR \-r ", " \-rv ", " \-\-reverse\-video
-Display the
-.I Emacs
-window in reverse video.
-.TP
-.BI \-fn " font\fR,\fP " \-\-font " font"
-Set the
-.I Emacs
-window's font to that specified by
-.IR font .
-You will find the various
-.I X
-fonts in the
-.I /usr/lib/X11/fonts
-directory.
-Note that
-.I Emacs
-will only accept fixed width fonts.
-Under the X11 Release 4 font-naming conventions, any font with the
-value "m" or "c" in the eleventh field of the font name is a fixed
-width font.
-Furthermore, fonts whose name are of the form
-.IR width x height
-are generally fixed width, as is the font
-.IR fixed .
-See
-.BR xlsfonts (1)
-for more information.
-
-When you specify a font, be sure to put a space between the
-switch and the font name.
-.TP
-.BI \-\-xrm " resources"
-Set additional X resources.
-.TP
-.BI "\-\-color\fR,\fP \-\-color=" mode
-Override color mode for character terminals;
-.I mode
-defaults to `auto', and can also be `never', `auto', `always',
-or a mode name like `ansi8'.
-.TP
-.BI \-bw " pixels\fR,\fP " \-\-border\-width " pixels"
-Set the
-.I Emacs
-window's border width to the number of pixels specified by
-.IR pixels .
-Defaults to one pixel on each side of the window.
-.TP
-.BI \-ib " pixels\fR,\fP " \-\-internal\-border " pixels"
-Set the window's internal border width to the number of pixels specified
-by
-.IR pixels .
-Defaults to one pixel of padding on each side of the window.
-.TP
-.BI \-g " geometry\fR,\fP " \-\-geometry " geometry"
-Set the
-.I Emacs
-window's width, height, and position as specified.
-The geometry specification is in the standard X format; see
-.BR X (7)
-for more information.
-The width and height are specified in characters; the default is
-80 by 24.
-See the Emacs manual, section "Options for Window Size and Position",
-for information on how window sizes interact
-with selecting or deselecting the tool bar and menu bar.
-.TP
-.BI \-lsp " pixels\fR,\fP " \-\-line\-spacing " pixels"
-Additional space to put between lines.
-.TP
-.BR \-vb ", " \-\-vertical\-scroll\-bars
-Enable vertical scrollbars.
-.TP
-.BR \-fh ", " \-\-fullheight
-Make the first frame as high as the screen.
-.TP
-.BR \-fs ", " \-\-fullscreen
-Make the first frame fullscreen.
-.TP
-.BR \-fw ", " \-\-fullwidth
-Make the first frame as wide as the screen.
-.TP
-.BI \-fg " color\fR,\fP " \-\-foreground\-color " color"
-On color displays, set the color of the text.
-
-Use the command
-.I M\-x list\-colors\-display
-for a list of valid color names.
-.TP
-.BI \-bg " color\fR,\fP " \-\-background\-color " color"
-On color displays, set the color of the window's background.
-.TP
-.BI \-bd " color\fR,\fP " \-\-border\-color " color"
-On color displays, set the color of the window's border.
-.TP
-.BI \-cr " color\fR,\fP " \-\-cursor\-color " color"
-On color displays, set the color of the window's text cursor.
-.TP
-.BI \-ms " color\fR,\fP " \-\-mouse\-color " color"
-On color displays, set the color of the window's mouse cursor.
-.TP
-.BI \-d " displayname\fR,\fP " \-\-display " displayname"
-Create the
-.I Emacs
-window on the display specified by
-.IR displayname .
-Must be the first option specified in the command line.
-.TP
-.BR \-nbi ", " \-\-no\-bitmap\-icon
-Do not use picture of gnu for Emacs icon.
-.TP
-.B \-\-iconic
-Start
-.I Emacs
-in iconified state.
-.TP
-.BR \-nbc ", " \-\-no\-blinking\-cursor
-Disable blinking cursor.
-.TP
-.BR \-nw ", " \-\-no\-window\-system
-Tell
-.I Emacs
-not to use its special interface to X.
-If you use this switch when invoking
-.I Emacs
-from an
-.BR xterm (1)
-window, display is done in that window.
-.TP
-.BR \-D ", " \-\-basic\-display
-This option disables many display features; use it for
-debugging Emacs.
-.RE
-.PP
-You can set
-.I X
-default values for your
-.I Emacs
-windows in your
-.I \.Xresources
-file (see
-.BR xrdb (1)).
-Use the following format:
-.IP
-.RI emacs. keyword : value
-.PP
-where
-.I value
-specifies the default value of
-.IR keyword .
-.I Emacs
-lets you set default values for the following keywords:
-.RS
-.TP 8
-.BR background " (class " Background )
-For color displays,
-sets the window's background color.
-.TP
-.BR bitmapIcon " (class " BitmapIcon )
-If
-.BR bitmapIcon 's
-value is set to
-.IR on ,
-the window will iconify into the "kitchen sink."
-.TP
-.BR borderColor " (class " BorderColor )
-For color displays,
-sets the color of the window's border.
-.TP
-.BR borderWidth " (class " BorderWidth )
-Sets the window's border width in pixels.
-.TP
-.BR cursorColor " (class " Foreground )
-For color displays,
-sets the color of the window's text cursor.
-.TP
-.BR cursorBlink " (class " CursorBlink )
-Specifies whether to make the cursor blink.
-The default is
-.IR on .
-Use
-.I off
-or
-.I false
-to turn cursor blinking off.
-.TP
-.BR font " (class " Font )
-Sets the window's text font.
-.TP
-.BR foreground " (class " Foreground )
-For color displays,
-sets the window's text color.
-.TP
-.BR fullscreen " (class " Fullscreen )
-The desired fullscreen size.
-The value can be one of
-.IR fullboth ,
-.IR fullwidth ,
-or
-.IR fullheight ,
-which correspond to the command-line options `\-fs', `\-fw', and
-`\-fh', respectively.
-Note that this applies to the initial frame only.
-.TP
-.BR geometry " (class " Geometry )
-Sets the geometry of the
-.I Emacs
-window (as described above).
-.TP
-.BR iconName " (class " Title )
-Sets the icon name for the
-.I Emacs
-window icon.
-.TP
-.BR internalBorder " (class " BorderWidth )
-Sets the window's internal border width in pixels.
-.TP
-.BR lineSpacing " (class " LineSpacing )
-Additional space ("leading") between lines, in pixels.
-.TP
-.BR menuBar " (class " MenuBar )
-Gives frames menu bars if
-.IR on ;
-don't have menu bars if
-.IR off .
-See the Emacs manual, sections "Lucid Resources" and "LessTif
-Resources", for how to control the appearance of the menu bar
-if you have one.
-.TP
-.BR minibuffer " (class " Minibuffer )
-If
-.IR none ,
-don't make a minibuffer in this frame.
-It will use a separate minibuffer frame instead.
-.TP
-.BR paneFont " (class " Font )
-Font name for menu pane titles, in non-toolkit versions of
-.IR Emacs .
-.TP
-.BR pointerColor " (class " Foreground )
-For color displays,
-sets the color of the window's mouse cursor.
-.TP
-.BR privateColormap " (class " PrivateColormap )
-If
-.IR on ,
-use a private color map, in the case where the "default
-visual" of class
-.B PseudoColor
-and
-.B Emacs
-is using it.
-.TP
-.BR reverseVideo " (class " ReverseVideo )
-If
-.BR reverseVideo 's
-value is set to
-.IR on ,
-the window will be displayed in reverse video.
-.TP
-.BR screenGamma " (class "ScreenGamma )
-Gamma correction for colors, equivalent to the frame parameter
-`screen\-gamma'.
-.TP
-.BR scrollBarWidth " (class "ScrollBarWidth )
-The scroll bar width in pixels, equivalent to the frame parameter
-`scroll\-bar\-width'.
-.TP
-.BR selectionFont " (class " SelectionFont )
-Font name for pop-up menu items, in non-toolkit versions of
-.IR Emacs .
-(For toolkit versions, see the Emacs manual, sections
-"Lucid Resources" and "LessTif Resources".)
-.TP
-.BR selectionTimeout " (class " SelectionTimeout )
-Number of milliseconds to wait for a selection reply.
-A value of 0 means wait as long as necessary.
-.TP
-.BR synchronous " (class " Synchronous )
-Run Emacs in synchronous mode if
-.IR on .
-Synchronous mode is useful for debugging X problems.
-.TP
-.BR title " (class " Title )
-Sets the title of the
-.I Emacs
-window.
-.TP
-.BR toolBar " (class " ToolBar )
-Number of lines to reserve for the tool bar.
-.TP
-.BR useXIM " (class " UseXIM )
-Turns off use of X input methods (XIM) if
-.I false
-or
-.IR off .
-.TP
-.BR verticalScrollBars " (class " ScrollBars )
-Gives frames scroll bars if
-.IR on ;
-suppresses scroll bars if
-.IR off .
-.TP
-.BR visualClass " (class " VisualClass )
-Specify the "visual" that X should use.
-This tells X how to handle colors.
-The value should start with one of
-.IR TrueColor ,
-.IR PseudoColor ,
-.IR DirectColor ,
-.IR StaticColor ,
-.IR GrayScale ,
-and
-.IR StaticGray ,
-followed by
-.BI \- depth\fR,\fP
-where
-.I depth
-is the number of color planes.
-.RE
-.PP
-If you try to set color values while using a black and white display,
-the window's characteristics will default as follows:
-the foreground color will be set to black,
-the background color will be set to white,
-the border color will be set to grey,
-and the text and mouse cursors will be set to black.
-.
-.SS Using the Mouse
-.PP
-The following lists some of the mouse button bindings for the
-.I Emacs
-window under X11.
-.
-.RS
-.TS
-l l
-- -
-l l.
-MOUSE BUTTON	FUNCTION
-left	Set point.
-middle	Paste text.
-right	Cut text into X cut buffer.
-SHIFT-middle	Cut text into X cut buffer.
-SHIFT-right	Paste text.
-CTRL-middle	Cut text into X cut buffer and kill it.
-CTRL-right	T{
-Select this window, then split it into two windows.
-Same as typing CTRL\-x 2.
-T}
-.\" START DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X MENUS
-CTRL-SHIFT-left	T{
-X buffer menu \(em hold the buttons and keys
-down, wait for menu to appear, select buffer, and release.
-Move mouse out of menu and release to cancel.
-T}
-CTRL-SHIFT-middle	T{
-X help menu \(em pop up index card menu for Emacs help.
-T}
-.\" STOP DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X MENUS
-CTRL-SHIFT-right	T{
-Select window with mouse, and delete all other windows.
-Same as typing CTRL\-x 1.
-T}
-.\" STOP DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X
-.TE
-.RE
-.
-.
-.SH MANUALS
-You can order printed copies of the GNU Emacs Manual from the Free
-Software Foundation, which develops GNU software.
-See the file ORDERS for ordering information.
-.br
-Your local Emacs maintainer might also have copies available.
-As with all software and publications from FSF, everyone is permitted
-to make and distribute copies of the Emacs manual.
-The TeX source to the manual is also included in the Emacs source
-distribution.
-.
-.
-.SH FILES
-/usr/local/share/info \(em files for the Info documentation browser.
-The complete text of the Emacs reference manual is included in a
-convenient tree structured form.
-Also includes the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual, useful to anyone
-wishing to write programs in the Emacs Lisp extension language.
-
-/usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/lisp \(em Lisp source files and
-compiled files that define most editing commands.
-Some are preloaded; others are autoloaded from this directory when
-used.
-
-/usr/local/libexec/emacs/$VERSION/$ARCH \(em various programs that are
-used with GNU Emacs.
-
-/usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc \(em various files of information.
-
-/usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/DOC.* \(em contains the documentation
-strings for the Lisp primitives and preloaded Lisp functions
-of GNU Emacs.
-They are stored here to reduce the size of Emacs proper.
-
-/usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/SERVICE lists people offering
-various services to assist users of GNU Emacs, including education,
-troubleshooting, porting and customization.
-.
-.
-.SH BUGS
-There is a mailing list, [e-mail], for reporting Emacs
-bugs and fixes.
-But before reporting something as a bug, please try to be sure that
-it really is a bug, not a misunderstanding or a deliberate feature.
-We ask you to read the section ``Reporting Emacs Bugs'' near the
-end of the reference manual (or Info system) for hints on how and
-when to report bugs.
-Also, include the version number of the Emacs you are running in
-\fIevery\fR bug report that you send in.
-
-Do not expect a personal answer to a bug report.
-The purpose of reporting bugs is to get them fixed for everyone
-in the next release, if possible.
-For personal assistance, look in the SERVICE file (see above) for
-a list of people who offer it.
-
-Please do not send anything but bug reports to this mailing list.
-For more information about Emacs mailing lists, see the
-file /usr/local/emacs/etc/MAILINGLISTS.
-Bugs tend actually to be fixed if they can be isolated, so it is
-in your interest to report them in such a way that they can be
-easily reproduced.
-.
-.
-.SH UNRESTRICTIONS
-.I Emacs
-is free; anyone may redistribute copies of
-.I Emacs
-to
-anyone under the terms stated in the
-.I Emacs
-General Public License,
-a copy of which accompanies each copy of
-.I Emacs
-and which also
-appears in the reference manual.
-.PP
-Copies of
-.I Emacs
-may sometimes be received packaged with distributions of Unix systems,
-but it is never included in the scope of any license covering those
-systems.
-Such inclusion violates the terms on which distribution is permitted.
-In fact, the primary purpose of the General Public License is to
-prohibit anyone from attaching any other restrictions to
-redistribution of
-.IR Emacs .
-.PP
-Richard Stallman encourages you to improve and extend
-.IR Emacs ,
-and urges that
-you contribute your extensions to the GNU library.
-Eventually GNU (Gnu's Not Unix) will be a complete replacement
-for Unix.
-Everyone will be free to use, copy, study and change the GNU system.
-.
-.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR emacsclient (1),
-.BR etags (1),
-.BR X (7),
-.BR xlsfonts (1),
-.BR xterm (1),
-.BR xrdb (1)
-.
-.
-.SH AUTHORS
-.I Emacs
-was written by Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation.
-Joachim Martillo and Robert Krawitz added the X features.
-.
-.
-.SH COPYING
-Copyright
-.if t \(co
-.if n (C)
-1995, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005,
-      2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-.PP
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
-document provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
-preserved on all copies.
-.PP
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
-this document under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that
-the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of
-a permission notice identical to this one.
-.PP
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
-document into another language, under the above conditions for
-modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated
-in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation.
-.
-.\" arch-tag: 04dfd376-b46e-4924-919a-cecc3b257eaa