changeset 84180:5dca7a89aae8

Move to ../doc/emacs/, misc/

--- a/man/msdog-xtra.texi	Thu Sep 06 04:38:43 2007 +0000
+++ /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,687 +0,0 @@
-@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
-@c
-@c This file is included either in emacs-xtra.texi (when producing the
-@c printed version) or in the main Emacs manual (for the on-line version).
-@node MS-DOS
-@section Emacs and MS-DOS
-@cindex MS-DOG
-@cindex MS-DOS peculiarities
-
-  This section briefly describes the peculiarities of using Emacs on
-the MS-DOS ``operating system'' (also known as ``MS-DOG'').
-@iftex
-Information about Emacs and Microsoft's current operating system
-Windows (also known as ``Losedows) is in the main Emacs manual
-(@pxref{Microsoft Systems,,, emacs, the Emacs Manual}).
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-Information about peculiarities common to MS-DOS and Microsoft's
-current operating systems Windows (also known as ``Losedows) is in
-@ref{Microsoft Windows}.
-@end ifnottex
-
-  If you build Emacs for MS-DOS, the binary will also run on Windows
-3.X, Windows NT, Windows 9X/ME, Windows 2000/XP, or OS/2 as a DOS
-application; all of this chapter applies for all of those systems, if
-you use an Emacs that was built for MS-DOS.
-
-@iftex
-  @xref{Text and Binary,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual}, for information
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-  @xref{Text and Binary}, for information
-@end ifnottex
-about Emacs' special handling of text files under MS-DOS (and Windows).
-
-@menu
-* Keyboard: MS-DOS Keyboard.   Keyboard conventions on MS-DOS.
-* Mouse: MS-DOS Mouse.         Mouse conventions on MS-DOS.
-* Display: MS-DOS Display.     Fonts, frames and display size on MS-DOS.
-* Files: MS-DOS File Names.    File name conventions on MS-DOS.
-* Printing: MS-DOS Printing.   Printing specifics on MS-DOS.
-* I18N: MS-DOS and MULE.       Support for internationalization on MS-DOS.
-* Processes: MS-DOS Processes. Running subprocesses on MS-DOS.
-@end menu
-
-@node MS-DOS Keyboard
-@subsection Keyboard Usage on MS-DOS
-
-@kindex DEL @r{(MS-DOS)}
-@kindex BS @r{(MS-DOS)}
-  The key that is called @key{DEL} in Emacs (because that's how it is
-designated on most workstations) is known as @key{BS} (backspace) on a
-PC.  That is why the PC-specific terminal initialization remaps the
-@key{BS} key to act as @key{DEL}; the @key{DELETE} key is remapped to act
-as @kbd{C-d} for the same reasons.
-
-@kindex C-g @r{(MS-DOS)}
-@kindex C-BREAK @r{(MS-DOS)}
-@cindex quitting on MS-DOS
-  Emacs built for MS-DOS recognizes @kbd{C-@key{BREAK}} as a quit
-character, just like @kbd{C-g}.  This is because Emacs cannot detect
-that you have typed @kbd{C-g} until it is ready for more input.  As a
-consequence, you cannot use @kbd{C-g} to stop a running command
-@iftex
-(@pxref{Quitting,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual}).
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-(@pxref{Quitting}).
-@end ifnottex
-By contrast, @kbd{C-@key{BREAK}} @emph{is} detected as soon as you
-type it (as @kbd{C-g} is on other systems), so it can be used to stop
-a running command and for emergency escape
-@iftex
-(@pxref{Emergency Escape,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual}).
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-(@pxref{Emergency Escape}).
-@end ifnottex
-
-@cindex Meta (under MS-DOS)
-@cindex Hyper (under MS-DOS)
-@cindex Super (under MS-DOS)
-@vindex dos-super-key
-@vindex dos-hyper-key
-  The PC keyboard maps use the left @key{ALT} key as the @key{META} key.
-You have two choices for emulating the @key{SUPER} and @key{HYPER} keys:
-choose either the right @key{CTRL} key or the right @key{ALT} key by
-setting the variables @code{dos-hyper-key} and @code{dos-super-key} to 1
-or 2 respectively.  If neither @code{dos-super-key} nor
-@code{dos-hyper-key} is 1, then by default the right @key{ALT} key is
-also mapped to the @key{META} key.  However, if the MS-DOS international
-keyboard support program @file{KEYB.COM} is installed, Emacs will
-@emph{not} map the right @key{ALT} to @key{META}, since it is used for
-accessing characters like @kbd{~} and @kbd{@@} on non-US keyboard
-layouts; in this case, you may only use the left @key{ALT} as @key{META}
-key.
-
-@kindex C-j @r{(MS-DOS)}
-@vindex dos-keypad-mode
-  The variable @code{dos-keypad-mode} is a flag variable that controls
-what key codes are returned by keys in the numeric keypad.  You can also
-define the keypad @key{ENTER} key to act like @kbd{C-j}, by putting the
-following line into your @file{_emacs} file:
-
-@smallexample
-;; @r{Make the @key{ENTER} key from the numeric keypad act as @kbd{C-j}.}
-(define-key function-key-map [kp-enter] [?\C-j])
-@end smallexample
-
-@node MS-DOS Mouse
-@subsection Mouse Usage on MS-DOS
-
-@cindex mouse support under MS-DOS
-  Emacs on MS-DOS supports a mouse (on the default terminal only).
-The mouse commands work as documented, including those that use menus
-and the menu bar
-@iftex
-(@pxref{Menu Bar,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual}).
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-(@pxref{Menu Bar}).
-@end ifnottex
- Scroll bars don't work in MS-DOS Emacs.  PC mice usually have only
-two buttons; these act as @kbd{Mouse-1} and @kbd{Mouse-2}, but if you
-press both of them together, that has the effect of @kbd{Mouse-3}.  If
-the mouse does have 3 buttons, Emacs detects that at startup, and all
-the 3 buttons function normally, as on X.
-
-  Help strings for menu-bar and pop-up menus are displayed in the echo
-area when the mouse pointer moves across the menu items.  Highlighting
-of mouse-sensitive text
-@iftex
-(@pxref{Mouse References,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual})
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-(@pxref{Mouse References})
-@end ifnottex
-is also supported.
-
-@cindex mouse, set number of buttons
-@findex msdos-set-mouse-buttons
-  Some versions of mouse drivers don't report the number of mouse
-buttons correctly.  For example, mice with a wheel report that they
-have 3 buttons, but only 2 of them are passed to Emacs; the clicks on
-the wheel, which serves as the middle button, are not passed.  In
-these cases, you can use the @kbd{M-x msdos-set-mouse-buttons} command
-to tell Emacs how many mouse buttons to expect.  You could make such a
-setting permanent by adding this fragment to your @file{_emacs} init
-file:
-
-@example
-;; @r{Treat the mouse like a 2-button mouse.}
-(msdos-set-mouse-buttons 2)
-@end example
-
-@cindex Windows clipboard support
-  Emacs built for MS-DOS supports clipboard operations when it runs on
-Windows.  Commands that put text on the kill ring, or yank text from
-the ring, check the Windows clipboard first, just as Emacs does on the
-X Window System
-@iftex
-(@pxref{Mouse Commands,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual}).
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-(@pxref{Mouse Commands}).
-@end ifnottex
-Only the primary selection and the cut buffer are supported by MS-DOS
-Emacs on Windows; the secondary selection always appears as empty.
-
-  Due to the way clipboard access is implemented by Windows, the
-length of text you can put into the clipboard is limited by the amount
-of free DOS memory that is available to Emacs.  Usually, up to 620KB of
-text can be put into the clipboard, but this limit depends on the system
-configuration and is lower if you run Emacs as a subprocess of
-another program.  If the killed text does not fit, Emacs outputs a
-message saying so, and does not put the text into the clipboard.
-
-  Null characters also cannot be put into the Windows clipboard.  If the
-killed text includes null characters, Emacs does not put such text into
-the clipboard, and displays in the echo area a message to that effect.
-
-@vindex dos-display-scancodes
-  The variable @code{dos-display-scancodes}, when non-@code{nil},
-directs Emacs to display the @acronym{ASCII} value and the keyboard scan code of
-each keystroke; this feature serves as a complement to the
-@code{view-lossage} command, for debugging.
-
-@node MS-DOS Display
-@subsection Display on MS-DOS
-@cindex faces under MS-DOS
-@cindex fonts, emulating under MS-DOS
-
-  Display on MS-DOS cannot use font variants, like bold or italic, but
-it does support multiple faces, each of which can specify a foreground
-and a background color.  Therefore, you can get the full functionality
-of Emacs packages that use fonts (such as @code{font-lock}, Enriched
-Text mode, and others) by defining the relevant faces to use different
-colors.  Use the @code{list-colors-display} command
-@iftex
-(@pxref{Frame Parameters,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual})
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-(@pxref{Frame Parameters})
-@end ifnottex
-and the @code{list-faces-display} command
-@iftex
-(@pxref{Faces,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual})
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-(@pxref{Faces})
-@end ifnottex
-to see what colors and faces are available and what they look like.
-
-  @xref{MS-DOS and MULE}, later in this chapter, for information on
-how Emacs displays glyphs and characters that aren't supported by the
-native font built into the DOS display.
-
-@cindex cursor shape on MS-DOS
-  When Emacs starts, it changes the cursor shape to a solid box.  This
-is for compatibility with other systems, where the box cursor is the
-default in Emacs.  This default shape can be changed to a bar by
-specifying the @code{cursor-type} parameter in the variable
-@code{default-frame-alist}
-@iftex
-(@pxref{Creating Frames,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual}).
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-(@pxref{Creating Frames}).
-@end ifnottex
-The MS-DOS terminal doesn't support a vertical-bar cursor,
-so the bar cursor is horizontal, and the @code{@var{width}} parameter,
-if specified by the frame parameters, actually determines its height.
-For this reason, the @code{bar} and @code{hbar} cursor types produce
-the same effect on MS-DOS.  As an extension, the bar cursor
-specification can include the starting scan line of the cursor as well
-as its width, like this:
-
-@example
- '(cursor-type bar @var{width} . @var{start})
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-In addition, if the @var{width} parameter is negative, the cursor bar
-begins at the top of the character cell.
-
-@cindex frames on MS-DOS
-  The MS-DOS terminal can only display a single frame at a time.  The
-Emacs frame facilities work on MS-DOS much as they do on text-only
-terminals
-@iftex
-(@pxref{Frames,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual}).
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-(@pxref{Frames}).
-@end ifnottex
-When you run Emacs from a DOS window on MS-Windows, you can make the
-visible frame smaller than the full screen, but Emacs still cannot
-display more than a single frame at a time.
-
-@cindex frame size under MS-DOS
-@findex mode4350
-@findex mode25
-  The @code{mode4350} command switches the display to 43 or 50
-lines, depending on your hardware; the @code{mode25} command switches
-to the default 80x25 screen size.
-
-  By default, Emacs only knows how to set screen sizes of 80 columns by
-25, 28, 35, 40, 43 or 50 rows.  However, if your video adapter has
-special video modes that will switch the display to other sizes, you can
-have Emacs support those too.  When you ask Emacs to switch the frame to
-@var{n} rows by @var{m} columns dimensions, it checks if there is a
-variable called @code{screen-dimensions-@var{n}x@var{m}}, and if so,
-uses its value (which must be an integer) as the video mode to switch
-to.  (Emacs switches to that video mode by calling the BIOS @code{Set
-Video Mode} function with the value of
-@code{screen-dimensions-@var{n}x@var{m}} in the @code{AL} register.)
-For example, suppose your adapter will switch to 66x80 dimensions when
-put into video mode 85.  Then you can make Emacs support this screen
-size by putting the following into your @file{_emacs} file:
-
-@example
-(setq screen-dimensions-66x80 85)
-@end example
-
-  Since Emacs on MS-DOS can only set the frame size to specific
-supported dimensions, it cannot honor every possible frame resizing
-request.  When an unsupported size is requested, Emacs chooses the next
-larger supported size beyond the specified size.  For example, if you
-ask for 36x80 frame, you will get 40x80 instead.
-
-  The variables @code{screen-dimensions-@var{n}x@var{m}} are used only
-when they exactly match the specified size; the search for the next
-larger supported size ignores them.  In the above example, even if your
-VGA supports 38x80 dimensions and you define a variable
-@code{screen-dimensions-38x80} with a suitable value, you will still get
-40x80 screen when you ask for a 36x80 frame.  If you want to get the
-38x80 size in this case, you can do it by setting the variable named
-@code{screen-dimensions-36x80} with the same video mode value as
-@code{screen-dimensions-38x80}.
-
-  Changing frame dimensions on MS-DOS has the effect of changing all the
-other frames to the new dimensions.
-
-@node MS-DOS File Names
-@subsection File Names on MS-DOS
-@cindex file names under MS-DOS
-@cindex init file, default name under MS-DOS
-
-  On MS-DOS, file names are case-insensitive and limited to eight
-characters, plus optionally a period and three more characters.  Emacs
-knows enough about these limitations to handle file names that were
-meant for other operating systems.  For instance, leading dots
-@samp{.}  in file names are invalid in MS-DOS, so Emacs transparently
-converts them to underscores @samp{_}; thus your default init file
-@iftex
-(@pxref{Init File,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual})
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-(@pxref{Init File})
-@end ifnottex
-is called @file{_emacs} on MS-DOS.  Excess characters before or after
-the period are generally ignored by MS-DOS itself; thus, if you visit
-the file @file{LongFileName.EvenLongerExtension}, you will silently
-get @file{longfile.eve}, but Emacs will still display the long file
-name on the mode line.  Other than that, it's up to you to specify
-file names which are valid under MS-DOS; the transparent conversion as
-described above only works on file names built into Emacs.
-
-@cindex backup file names on MS-DOS
-  The above restrictions on the file names on MS-DOS make it almost
-impossible to construct the name of a backup file
-@iftex
-(@pxref{Backup Names,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual})
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-(@pxref{Backup Names})
-@end ifnottex
-without losing some of the original file name characters.  For
-example, the name of a backup file for @file{docs.txt} is
-@file{docs.tx~} even if single backup is used.
-
-@cindex file names under Windows 95/NT
-@cindex long file names in DOS box under Windows 95/NT
-  If you run Emacs as a DOS application under Windows 9X, Windows ME, or
-Windows 2000/XP, you can turn on support for long file names.  If you do
-that, Emacs doesn't truncate file names or convert them to lower case;
-instead, it uses the file names that you specify, verbatim.  To enable
-long file name support, set the environment variable @env{LFN} to
-@samp{y} before starting Emacs.  Unfortunately, Windows NT doesn't allow
-DOS programs to access long file names, so Emacs built for MS-DOS will
-only see their short 8+3 aliases.
-
-@cindex @env{HOME} directory under MS-DOS
-  MS-DOS has no notion of home directory, so Emacs on MS-DOS pretends
-that the directory where it is installed is the value of the @env{HOME}
-environment variable.  That is, if your Emacs binary,
-@file{emacs.exe}, is in the directory @file{c:/utils/emacs/bin}, then
-Emacs acts as if @env{HOME} were set to @samp{c:/utils/emacs}.  In
-particular, that is where Emacs looks for the init file @file{_emacs}.
-With this in mind, you can use @samp{~} in file names as an alias for
-the home directory, as you would on GNU or Unix.  You can also set
-@env{HOME} variable in the environment before starting Emacs; its
-value will then override the above default behavior.
-
-  Emacs on MS-DOS handles the directory name @file{/dev} specially,
-because of a feature in the emulator libraries of DJGPP that pretends
-I/O devices have names in that directory.  We recommend that you avoid
-using an actual directory named @file{/dev} on any disk.
-
-@node MS-DOS Printing
-@subsection Printing and MS-DOS
-
-  Printing commands, such as @code{lpr-buffer}
-@iftex
-(@pxref{Printing,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual}) and @code{ps-print-buffer}
-(@pxref{PostScript,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual})
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-(@pxref{Printing}) and @code{ps-print-buffer} (@pxref{PostScript})
-@end ifnottex
-can work on MS-DOS by sending the output to one of the printer ports,
-if a Posix-style @code{lpr} program is unavailable.  The same Emacs
-variables control printing on all systems, but in some cases they have
-different default values on MS-DOS.
-
-@iftex
-@xref{Windows Printing,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual},
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-@xref{Windows Printing},
-@end ifnottex
-for details about setting up printing to a networked printer.
-
-  Some printers expect DOS codepage encoding of non-@acronym{ASCII} text, even
-though they are connected to a Windows machine which uses a different
-encoding for the same locale.  For example, in the Latin-1 locale, DOS
-uses codepage 850 whereas Windows uses codepage 1252.  @xref{MS-DOS and
-MULE}.  When you print to such printers from Windows, you can use the
-@kbd{C-x RET c} (@code{universal-coding-system-argument}) command before
-@kbd{M-x lpr-buffer}; Emacs will then convert the text to the DOS
-codepage that you specify.  For example, @kbd{C-x RET c cp850-dos RET
-M-x lpr-region RET} will print the region while converting it to the
-codepage 850 encoding.  You may need to create the @code{cp@var{nnn}}
-coding system with @kbd{M-x codepage-setup}.
-
-@vindex dos-printer
-@vindex dos-ps-printer
-  For backwards compatibility, the value of @code{dos-printer}
-(@code{dos-ps-printer}), if it has a value, overrides the value of
-@code{printer-name} (@code{ps-printer-name}), on MS-DOS.
-
-
-@node MS-DOS and MULE
-@subsection International Support on MS-DOS
-@cindex international support @r{(MS-DOS)}
-
-  Emacs on MS-DOS supports the same international character sets as it
-does on GNU, Unix and other platforms
-@iftex
-(@pxref{International,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual}),
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-(@pxref{International}),
-@end ifnottex
-including coding systems for converting between the different
-character sets.  However, due to incompatibilities between
-MS-DOS/MS-Windows and other systems, there are several DOS-specific
-aspects of this support that you should be aware of.  This section
-describes these aspects.
-
-  The description below is largely specific to the MS-DOS port of
-Emacs, especially where it talks about practical implications for
-Emacs users.  For other operating systems, see the @file{code-pages.el}
-package, which implements support for MS-DOS- and MS-Windows-specific
-encodings for all platforms other than MS-DOS.
-
-@table @kbd
-@item M-x dos-codepage-setup
-Set up Emacs display and coding systems as appropriate for the current
-DOS codepage.
-
-@item M-x codepage-setup
-Create a coding system for a certain DOS codepage.
-@end table
-
-@cindex codepage, MS-DOS
-@cindex DOS codepages
-  MS-DOS is designed to support one character set of 256 characters at
-any given time, but gives you a variety of character sets to choose
-from.  The alternative character sets are known as @dfn{DOS codepages}.
-Each codepage includes all 128 @acronym{ASCII} characters, but the other 128
-characters (codes 128 through 255) vary from one codepage to another.
-Each DOS codepage is identified by a 3-digit number, such as 850, 862,
-etc.
-
-  In contrast to X, which lets you use several fonts at the same time,
-MS-DOS normally doesn't allow use of several codepages in a single
-session.  MS-DOS was designed to load a single codepage at system
-startup, and require you to reboot in order to change
-it@footnote{Normally, one particular codepage is burnt into the
-display memory, while other codepages can be installed by modifying
-system configuration files, such as @file{CONFIG.SYS}, and rebooting.
-While there is third-party software that allows changing the codepage
-without rebooting, we describe here how a stock MS-DOS system
-behaves.}.  Much the same limitation applies when you run DOS
-executables on other systems such as MS-Windows.
-
-@cindex unibyte operation @r{(MS-DOS)}
-  If you invoke Emacs on MS-DOS with the @samp{--unibyte} option
-@iftex
-(@pxref{Initial Options,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual}),
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-(@pxref{Initial Options}),
-@end ifnottex
-Emacs does not perform any conversion of non-@acronym{ASCII}
-characters.  Instead, it reads and writes any non-@acronym{ASCII}
-characters verbatim, and sends their 8-bit codes to the display
-verbatim.  Thus, unibyte Emacs on MS-DOS supports the current
-codepage, whatever it may be, but cannot even represent any other
-characters.
-
-@vindex dos-codepage
-  For multibyte operation on MS-DOS, Emacs needs to know which
-characters the chosen DOS codepage can display.  So it queries the
-system shortly after startup to get the chosen codepage number, and
-stores the number in the variable @code{dos-codepage}.  Some systems
-return the default value 437 for the current codepage, even though the
-actual codepage is different.  (This typically happens when you use the
-codepage built into the display hardware.)  You can specify a different
-codepage for Emacs to use by setting the variable @code{dos-codepage} in
-your init file.
-
-@cindex language environment, automatic selection on @r{MS-DOS}
-  Multibyte Emacs supports only certain DOS codepages: those which can
-display Far-Eastern scripts, like the Japanese codepage 932, and those
-that encode a single ISO 8859 character set.
-
-  The Far-Eastern codepages can directly display one of the MULE
-character sets for these countries, so Emacs simply sets up to use the
-appropriate terminal coding system that is supported by the codepage.
-The special features described in the rest of this section mostly
-pertain to codepages that encode ISO 8859 character sets.
-
-  For the codepages which correspond to one of the ISO character sets,
-Emacs knows the character set name based on the codepage number.  Emacs
-automatically creates a coding system to support reading and writing
-files that use the current codepage, and uses this coding system by
-default.  The name of this coding system is @code{cp@var{nnn}}, where
-@var{nnn} is the codepage number.@footnote{The standard Emacs coding
-systems for ISO 8859 are not quite right for the purpose, because
-typically the DOS codepage does not match the standard ISO character
-codes.  For example, the letter @samp{@,{c}} (@samp{c} with cedilla) has
-code 231 in the standard Latin-1 character set, but the corresponding
-DOS codepage 850 uses code 135 for this glyph.}
-
-@cindex mode line @r{(MS-DOS)}
-  All the @code{cp@var{nnn}} coding systems use the letter @samp{D}
-(for ``DOS'') as their mode-line mnemonic.  Since both the terminal
-coding system and the default coding system for file I/O are set to
-the proper @code{cp@var{nnn}} coding system at startup, it is normal
-for the mode line on MS-DOS to begin with @samp{-DD\-}.
-@iftex
-@xref{Mode Line,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual}.
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-@xref{Mode Line}.
-@end ifnottex
-Far-Eastern DOS terminals do not use the @code{cp@var{nnn}} coding
-systems, and thus their initial mode line looks like the Emacs
-default.
-
-  Since the codepage number also indicates which script you are using,
-Emacs automatically runs @code{set-language-environment} to select the
-language environment for that script
-@iftex
-(@pxref{Language Environments,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual}).
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-(@pxref{Language Environments}).
-@end ifnottex
-
-  If a buffer contains a character belonging to some other ISO 8859
-character set, not the one that the chosen DOS codepage supports, Emacs
-displays it using a sequence of @acronym{ASCII} characters.  For example, if the
-current codepage doesn't have a glyph for the letter @samp{@`o} (small
-@samp{o} with a grave accent), it is displayed as @samp{@{`o@}}, where
-the braces serve as a visual indication that this is a single character.
-(This may look awkward for some non-Latin characters, such as those from
-Greek or Hebrew alphabets, but it is still readable by a person who
-knows the language.)  Even though the character may occupy several
-columns on the screen, it is really still just a single character, and
-all Emacs commands treat it as one.
-
-@cindex IBM graphics characters (MS-DOS)
-@cindex box-drawing characters (MS-DOS)
-@cindex line-drawing characters (MS-DOS)
-  Not all characters in DOS codepages correspond to ISO 8859
-characters---some are used for other purposes, such as box-drawing
-characters and other graphics.  Emacs maps these characters to two
-special character sets called @code{eight-bit-control} and
-@code{eight-bit-graphic}, and displays them as their IBM glyphs.
-However, you should be aware that other systems might display these
-characters differently, so you should avoid them in text that might be
-copied to a different operating system, or even to another DOS machine
-that uses a different codepage.
-
-@vindex dos-unsupported-character-glyph
-  Emacs supports many other characters sets aside from ISO 8859, but it
-cannot display them on MS-DOS.  So if one of these multibyte characters
-appears in a buffer, Emacs on MS-DOS displays them as specified by the
-@code{dos-unsupported-character-glyph} variable; by default, this glyph
-is an empty triangle.  Use the @kbd{C-u C-x =} command to display the
-actual code and character set of such characters.
-@iftex
-@xref{Position Info,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual}.
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-@xref{Position Info}.
-@end ifnottex
-
-@findex codepage-setup
-  By default, Emacs defines a coding system to support the current
-codepage.  To define a coding system for some other codepage (e.g., to
-visit a file written on a DOS machine in another country), use the
-@kbd{M-x codepage-setup} command.  It prompts for the 3-digit code of
-the codepage, with completion, then creates the coding system for the
-specified codepage.  You can then use the new coding system to read and
-write files, but you must specify it explicitly for the file command
-when you want to use it
-@iftex
-(@pxref{Text Coding,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual}).
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-(@pxref{Text Coding}).
-@end ifnottex
-
-  These coding systems are also useful for visiting a file encoded using
-a DOS codepage, using Emacs running on some other operating system.
-
-@cindex MS-Windows codepages
-  MS-Windows provides its own codepages, which are different from the
-DOS codepages for the same locale.  For example, DOS codepage 850
-supports the same character set as Windows codepage 1252; DOS codepage
-855 supports the same character set as Windows codepage 1251, etc.
-The MS-Windows version of Emacs uses the current codepage for display
-when invoked with the @samp{-nw} option.  Support for codepages in the
-Windows port of Emacs is part of the @file{code-pages.el} package.
-
-@node MS-DOS Processes
-@subsection Subprocesses on MS-DOS
-
-@cindex compilation under MS-DOS
-@cindex inferior processes under MS-DOS
-@findex compile @r{(MS-DOS)}
-@findex grep @r{(MS-DOS)}
-  Because MS-DOS is a single-process ``operating system,''
-asynchronous subprocesses are not available.  In particular, Shell
-mode and its variants do not work.  Most Emacs features that use
-asynchronous subprocesses also don't work on MS-DOS, including
-Shell mode and GUD.  When in doubt, try and see; commands that
-don't work output an error message saying that asynchronous processes
-aren't supported.
-
-  Compilation under Emacs with @kbd{M-x compile}, searching files with
-@kbd{M-x grep} and displaying differences between files with @kbd{M-x
-diff} do work, by running the inferior processes synchronously.  This
-means you cannot do any more editing until the inferior process
-finishes.
-
-  Spell checking also works, by means of special support for synchronous
-invocation of the @code{ispell} program.  This is slower than the
-asynchronous invocation on other platforms
-
-  Instead of the Shell mode, which doesn't work on MS-DOS, you can use
-the @kbd{M-x eshell} command.  This invokes the Eshell package that
-implements a Posix-like shell entirely in Emacs Lisp.
-
-  By contrast, Emacs compiled as a native Windows application
-@strong{does} support asynchronous subprocesses.
-@iftex
-@xref{Windows Processes,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual}.
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-@xref{Windows Processes}.
-@end ifnottex
-
-@cindex printing under MS-DOS
-  Printing commands, such as @code{lpr-buffer}
-@iftex
-(@pxref{Printing,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual}) and
-@code{ps-print-buffer} (@pxref{PostScript,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual}),
-work in MS-DOS by sending the output to one of the printer ports.
-@xref{MS-DOS Printing,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual}.
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-(@pxref{Printing}) and @code{ps-print-buffer} (@pxref{PostScript}),
-work in MS-DOS by sending the output to one of the printer ports.
-@xref{MS-DOS Printing}.
-@end ifnottex
-
-  When you run a subprocess synchronously on MS-DOS, make sure the
-program terminates and does not try to read keyboard input.  If the
-program does not terminate on its own, you will be unable to terminate
-it, because MS-DOS provides no general way to terminate a process.
-Pressing @kbd{C-c} or @kbd{C-@key{BREAK}} might sometimes help in these
-cases.
-
-  Accessing files on other machines is not supported on MS-DOS.  Other
-network-oriented commands such as sending mail, Web browsing, remote
-login, etc., don't work either, unless network access is built into
-MS-DOS with some network redirector.
-
-@cindex directory listing on MS-DOS
-@vindex dired-listing-switches @r{(MS-DOS)}
-  Dired on MS-DOS uses the @code{ls-lisp} package where other
-platforms use the system @code{ls} command.  Therefore, Dired on
-MS-DOS supports only some of the possible options you can mention in
-the @code{dired-listing-switches} variable.  The options that work are
-@samp{-A}, @samp{-a}, @samp{-c}, @samp{-i}, @samp{-r}, @samp{-S},
-@samp{-s}, @samp{-t}, and @samp{-u}.
-
-@ignore
-   arch-tag: 868d50ff-07f8-4a13-a807-dab6f1cdb431
-@end ignore