Mercurial > emacs

--- a/etc/ChangeLog	Thu Jun 14 02:23:12 2007 +0000
+++ b/etc/ChangeLog	Thu Jun 14 04:51:35 2007 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+2007-06-14  Werner Lemberg  <wl@gnu.org>
+
+	* emacs.1: Completely revised.
+	Fix many typographical glitches.
+	Updated to handle current state of options and resources.
+
 2007-06-12  Glenn Morris  <rgm@gnu.org>

 	* NEWS: Change bug address.  Add back +++/--- note.
--- a/etc/emacs.1	Thu Jun 14 02:23:12 2007 +0000
+++ b/etc/emacs.1	Thu Jun 14 04:51:35 2007 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+'\" t
 .\" Copyright (C) 1995, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
 .\"   2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 .\"
@@ -20,27 +21,33 @@
 .\"
 '\" t
 .TH EMACS 1 "2007 April 13" "GNU Emacs 22.1"
+.
+.
 .SH NAME
 emacs \- GNU project Emacs
+.
+.
 .SH SYNOPSIS
 .B emacs
 [
 .I command-line switches
 ] [
-.I files ...
+.I files ...\&
 ]
-.br
+.
+.
 .SH DESCRIPTION
 .I GNU Emacs
 is a version of
-.I Emacs,
+.IR Emacs ,
 written by the author of the original (PDP-10)
-.I Emacs,
+.IR Emacs ,
 Richard Stallman.
 .br
 The primary documentation of GNU Emacs is in the GNU Emacs Manual,
 which you can read using Info, either from Emacs or as a standalone
-program.  Please look there for complete and up-to-date documentation.
+program.
+Please look there for complete and up-to-date documentation.
 This man page is updated only when someone volunteers to do so; the
 Emacs maintainers' priority goal is to minimize the amount of time
 this man page takes away from other more useful projects.
@@ -56,9 +63,9 @@
 but the facility assumes that you know how to manipulate
 .I Emacs
 windows and buffers.
-CTRL-h or F1 enters the Help facility.  Help Tutorial (CTRL-h t)
-starts an interactive tutorial which can teach beginners the fundamentals
-of
+CTRL-h or F1 enters the Help facility.
+Help Tutorial (CTRL-h t) starts an interactive tutorial which can
+teach beginners the fundamentals of
 .I Emacs
 in a few minutes.
 Help Apropos (CTRL-h a) helps you
@@ -66,11 +73,11 @@
 describes a given character's effect, and Help Function (CTRL-h f)
 describes a given Lisp function specified by name.
 .PP
-.I Emacs's
+.IR Emacs 's
 Undo can undo several steps of modification to your buffers, so it is
 easy to recover from editing mistakes.
 .PP
-.I GNU Emacs's
+.IR "GNU Emacs" 's
 many special packages handle mail reading (RMail) and sending (Mail),
 outline editing (Outline), compiling (Compile), running subshells
 within
@@ -81,130 +88,176 @@
 There is an extensive reference manual, but
 users of other Emacses
 should have little trouble adapting even
-without a copy.  Users new to
+without a copy.
+Users new to
 .I Emacs
 will be able
 to use basic features fairly rapidly by studying the tutorial and
 using the self-documentation features.
-.PP
-.SM Emacs Options
-.PP
+.
+.SS Emacs Options
 The following options are of general interest:
+.RS
 .TP 8
 .I file
 Edit
-.I file.
+.IR file .
 .TP
-.BI \+ number
+.BI \-\-file " file\fR,\fP " \-\-find-file " file\fR,\fP " \-\-visit " file"
+The same as specifying
+.I file
+directly as an argument.
+.TP
+.BI + number
 Go to the line specified by
 .I number
 (do not insert a space between the "+" sign and
-the number).  This applies only to the next file specified.
+the number).
+This applies only to the next file specified.
 .TP
-.BI \+ line:column
+.BI + line:column
 Go to the specified
 .I line
 and
-.I column
+.IR column .
 .TP
-.B \-q
+.BR \-q ", " \-\-no\-init\-file
 Do not load an init file.
 .TP
-.B \-no-site-file
+.B \-\-no\-site\-file
 Do not load the site-wide startup file.
 .TP
-.BI \-debug-init
+.B \-\-no\-desktop
+Do not load a saved desktop.
+.TP
+.BR \-nl ", " \-\-no\-shared\-memory
+Do not use shared memory.
+.TP
+.BR \-Q ", " \-\-quick
+Equivalent to "\-q \-\-no\-site\-file \-\-no\-splash".
+.TP
+.B \-\-no\-splash
+Do not display a splash screen during start-up.
+.TP
+.B \-\-debug\-init
 Enable
 .I Emacs
 Lisp debugger during the processing of the user init file
-.BI ~/.emacs.
+.BR ~/.emacs .
 This is useful for debugging problems in the init file.
 .TP
-.BI \-u " user"
+.BI \-u " user\fR,\fP " \-\-user " user"
 Load
-.I user's
+.IR user 's
 init file.
 .TP
-.BI \-t " file"
+.BI \-t " file\fR,\fP " \-\-terminal " file"
 Use specified
 .I file
 as the terminal instead of using stdin/stdout.
 This must be the first argument specified in the command line.
 .TP
-.B \-version
+.BR \-\-multibyte ", " \-\-no-unibyte
+Enable multibyte mode (enabled by default).
+.TP
+.BR \-\-unibyte ", " \-\-no-multibyte
+Enable unibyte mode.
+.TP
+.B \-\-version
 Display
 .I Emacs
 version information and exit.
+.TP
+.B \-\-help
+Display this help and exit.
+.RE
 .PP
 The following options are lisp-oriented
 (these options are processed in the order encountered):
+.RS
 .TP 8
-.BI \-f " function"
+.BI \-f " function\fR,\fP " \-\-funcall " function"
 Execute the lisp function
-.I function.
+.IR function .
 .TP
-.BI \-l " file"
+.BI \-l " file\fR,\fP " \-\-load " file"
 Load the lisp code in the file
-.I file.
+.IR file .
 .TP
-.BI \-eval " expr"
+.BI \-\-eval " expr\fR,\fP " \-\-execute " expr"
 Evaluate the Lisp expression
-.I expr.
+.IR expr .
+.RE
 .PP
 The following options are useful when running
 .I Emacs
 as a batch editor:
+.RS
 .TP 8
-.BI \-batch
-Edit in batch mode.  The editor will send messages to stderr.  This
-option must be the first in the argument list.  You must use \-l and \-f
-options to specify files to execute and functions to call.
+.B \-\-batch
+Edit in batch mode.
+The editor will send messages to stderr.
+This option must be the first in the argument list.
+You must use \-l and \-f options to specify files to execute
+and functions to call.
 .TP
-.B \-kill
+.BI \-\-script " file"
+Run
+.I file
+as an Emacs Lisp script.
+.TP
+.BI \-\-insert " file"
+Insert contents of
+.I file
+into the current buffer.
+.TP
+.B \-\-kill
 Exit
 .I Emacs
 while in batch mode.
 .TP
-.BI \-L " directory"
+.BI \-L " dir\fR,\fP " \-\-directory " dir"
 Add
-.I directory
+.I dir
 to the list of directories
 .I Emacs
 searches for Lisp files.
+.RE
+.
 .\" START DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X
-.PP
-.SM Using Emacs with X
-.PP
+.SS Using Emacs with X
 .I Emacs
 has been tailored to work well with the X window system.
 If you run
 .I Emacs
 from under X windows, it will create its own X window to
-display in.  You will probably want to start the editor
-as a background process
-so that you can continue using your original window.
+display in.
+You will probably want to start the editor as a background
+process so that you can continue using your original window.
 .PP
 .I Emacs
 can be started with the following X switches:
+.RS
 .TP 8
-.BI \-name " name"
-Specifies the name which should be assigned to the initial
+.BI \-\-name " name"
+Specify the name which should be assigned to the initial
 .I Emacs
-window.  This controls looking up X resources as well as the window title.
-.TP 8
-.BI \-title " name"
-Specifies the title for the initial X window.
-.TP 8
-.B \-r
+window.
+This controls looking up X resources as well as the window title.
+.TP
+.BI \-T " name\fR,\fP " \-\-title " name"
+Specify the title for the initial X window.
+.TP
+.BR \-r ", " \-rv ", " \-\-reverse\-video
 Display the
 .I Emacs
 window in reverse video.
 .TP
-.BI \-font " font, " \-fn " font"
+.BI \-fn " font\fR,\fP " \-\-font " font"
 Set the
 .I Emacs
 window's font to that specified by
-.I font.
+.IR font .
 You will find the various
 .I X
 fonts in the
@@ -215,84 +268,119 @@
 will only accept fixed width fonts.
 Under the X11 Release 4 font-naming conventions, any font with the
 value "m" or "c" in the eleventh field of the font name is a fixed
-width font.  Furthermore, fonts whose name are of the form
+width font.
+Furthermore, fonts whose name are of the form
 .IR width x height
 are generally fixed width, as is the font
 .IR fixed .
 See
-.IR xlsfonts (1)
+.BR xlsfonts (1)
 for more information.

 When you specify a font, be sure to put a space between the
 switch and the font name.
 .TP
-.BI \-bw " pixels"
+.BI \-\-xrm " resources"
+Set additional X resources.
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-color\fR,\fP \-\-color=" mode
+Override color mode for character terminals;
+.I mode
+defaults to `auto', and can also be `never', `auto', `always',
+or a mode name like `ansi8'.
+.TP
+.BI \-bw " pixels\fR,\fP " \-\-border\-width " pixels"
 Set the
 .I Emacs
 window's border width to the number of pixels specified by
-.I pixels.
+.IR pixels .
 Defaults to one pixel on each side of the window.
 .TP
-.BI \-ib " pixels"
+.BI \-ib " pixels\fR,\fP " \-\-internal\-border " pixels"
 Set the window's internal border width to the number of pixels specified
 by
-.I pixels.
+.IR pixels .
 Defaults to one pixel of padding on each side of the window.
-.PP
-.TP 8
-.BI \-\-geometry " geometry"
+.TP
+.BI \-g " geometry\fR,\fP " \-\-geometry " geometry"
 Set the
 .I Emacs
-window's width, height, and position as specified.  The geometry
-specification is in the standard X format; see
-.IR X (7)
+window's width, height, and position as specified.
+The geometry specification is in the standard X format; see
+.BR X (7)
 for more information.
-The width and height are specified in characters; the default is 80 by
-24.  See the Emacs manual, section "Options for Window Size and Position",
+The width and height are specified in characters; the default is
+80 by 24.
+See the Emacs manual, section "Options for Window Size and Position",
 for information on how window sizes interact
 with selecting or deselecting the tool bar and menu bar.
-.PP
-.TP 8
-.BI \-fg " color"
-On color displays, sets the color of the text.
+.TP
+.BI \-lsp " pixels\fR,\fP " \-\-line\-spacing " pixels"
+Additional space to put between lines.
+.TP
+.BR \-vb ", " \-\-vertical\-scroll\-bars
+Enable vertical scrollbars.
+.TP
+.BR \-fh ", " \-\-fullheight
+Make the first frame as high as the screen.
+.TP
+.BR \-fs ", " \-\-fullscreen
+Make the first frame fullscreen.
+.TP
+.BR \-fw ", " \-\-fullwidth
+Make the first frame as wide as the screen.
+.TP
+.BI \-fg " color\fR,\fP " \-\-foreground\-color " color"
+On color displays, set the color of the text.

 Use the command
-.I M-x list-colors-display
-for a list of valid
-color names.
+.I M\-x list\-colors\-display
+for a list of valid color names.
 .TP
-.BI \-bg " color"
-On color displays,
-sets the color of the window's background.
+.BI \-bg " color\fR,\fP " \-\-background\-color " color"
+On color displays, set the color of the window's background.
 .TP
-.BI \-bd " color"
-On color displays,
-sets the color of the window's border.
+.BI \-bd " color\fR,\fP " \-\-border\-color " color"
+On color displays, set the color of the window's border.
 .TP
-.BI \-cr " color"
-On color displays,
-sets the color of the window's text cursor.
+.BI \-cr " color\fR,\fP " \-\-cursor\-color " color"
+On color displays, set the color of the window's text cursor.
 .TP
-.BI \-ms " color"
-On color displays,
-sets the color of the window's mouse cursor.
+.BI \-ms " color\fR,\fP " \-\-mouse\-color " color"
+On color displays, set the color of the window's mouse cursor.
 .TP
-.BI \-d " displayname, " \-display " displayname"
+.BI \-d " displayname\fR,\fP " \-\-display " displayname"
 Create the
 .I Emacs
 window on the display specified by
 .IR displayname .
 Must be the first option specified in the command line.
 .TP
-.B \-nw
-Tells
+.BR \-nbi ", " \-\-no\-bitmap\-icon
+Do not use picture of gnu for Emacs icon.
+.TP
+.B \-\-iconic
+Start
 .I Emacs
-not to use its special interface to X.  If you use this
-switch when invoking
+in iconified state.
+.TP
+.BR \-nbc ", " \-\-no\-blinking\-cursor
+Disable blinking cursor.
+.TP
+.BR \-nw ", " \-\-no\-window\-system
+Tell
+.I Emacs
+not to use its special interface to X.
+If you use this switch when invoking
 .I Emacs
 from an
-.IR xterm (1)
+.BR xterm (1)
 window, display is done in that window.
+.TP
+.BR \-D ", " \-\-basic\-display
+This option disables many display features; use it for
+debugging Emacs.
+.RE
 .PP
 You can set
 .I X
@@ -301,75 +389,185 @@
 windows in your
 .I \.Xresources
 file (see
-.IR xrdb (1)).
+.BR xrdb (1)).
 Use the following format:
 .IP
-emacs.keyword:value
+.RI emacs. keyword : value
 .PP
 where
 .I value
 specifies the default value of
-.I keyword.
+.IR keyword .
 .I Emacs
 lets you set default values for the following keywords:
+.RS
 .TP 8
-.B font (\fPclass\fB Font)
+.BR background " (class " Background )
+For color displays,
+sets the window's background color.
+.TP
+.BR bitmapIcon " (class " BitmapIcon )
+If
+.BR bitmapIcon 's
+value is set to
+.IR on ,
+the window will iconify into the "kitchen sink."
+.TP
+.BR borderColor " (class " BorderColor )
+For color displays,
+sets the color of the window's border.
+.TP
+.BR borderWidth " (class " BorderWidth )
+Sets the window's border width in pixels.
+.TP
+.BR cursorColor " (class " Foreground )
+For color displays,
+sets the color of the window's text cursor.
+.TP
+.BR cursorBlink " (class " CursorBlink )
+Specifies whether to make the cursor blink.
+The default is
+.IR on .
+Use
+.I off
+or
+.I false
+to turn cursor blinking off.
+.TP
+.BR font " (class " Font )
 Sets the window's text font.
 .TP
-.B reverseVideo (\fPclass\fB ReverseVideo)
-If
-.I reverseVideo's
-value is set to
-.I on,
-the window will be displayed in reverse video.
-.TP
-.B bitmapIcon (\fPclass\fB BitmapIcon)
-If
-.I bitmapIcon's
-value is set to
-.I on,
-the window will iconify into the "kitchen sink."
-.TP
-.B borderWidth (\fPclass\fB BorderWidth)
-Sets the window's border width in pixels.
-.TP
-.B internalBorder (\fPclass\fB BorderWidth)
-Sets the window's internal border width in pixels.
-.TP
-.B foreground (\fPclass\fB Foreground)
+.BR foreground " (class " Foreground )
 For color displays,
 sets the window's text color.
 .TP
-.B background (\fPclass\fB Background)
-For color displays,
-sets the window's background color.
-.TP
-.B borderColor (\fPclass\fB BorderColor)
-For color displays,
-sets the color of the window's border.
+.BR fullscreen " (class " Fullscreen )
+The desired fullscreen size.
+The value can be one of
+.IR fullboth ,
+.IR fullwidth ,
+or
+.IR fullheight ,
+which correspond to the command-line options `\-fs', `\-fw', and
+`\-fh', respectively.
+Note that this applies to the initial frame only.
 .TP
-.B cursorColor (\fPclass\fB Foreground)
-For color displays,
-sets the color of the window's text cursor.
-.TP
-.B pointerColor (\fPclass\fB Foreground)
-For color displays,
-sets the color of the window's mouse cursor.
-.TP
-.B geometry (\fPclass\fB Geometry)
+.BR geometry " (class " Geometry )
 Sets the geometry of the
 .I Emacs
 window (as described above).
 .TP
-.B title (\fPclass\fB Title)
+.BR iconName " (class " Title )
+Sets the icon name for the
+.I Emacs
+window icon.
+.TP
+.BR internalBorder " (class " BorderWidth )
+Sets the window's internal border width in pixels.
+.TP
+.BR lineSpacing " (class " LineSpacing )
+Additional space ("leading") between lines, in pixels.
+.TP
+.BR menuBar " (class " MenuBar )
+Gives frames menu bars if
+.IR on ;
+don't have menu bars if
+.IR off .
+See the Emacs manual, sections "Lucid Resources" and "LessTif
+Resources", for how to control the appearance of the menu bar
+if you have one.
+.TP
+.BR minibuffer " (class " Minibuffer )
+If
+.IR none ,
+don't make a minibuffer in this frame.
+It will use a separate minibuffer frame instead.
+.TP
+.BR paneFont " (class " Font )
+Font name for menu pane titles, in non-toolkit versions of
+.IR Emacs .
+.TP
+.BR pointerColor " (class " Foreground )
+For color displays,
+sets the color of the window's mouse cursor.
+.TP
+.BR privateColormap " (class " PrivateColormap )
+If
+.IR on ,
+use a private color map, in the case where the "default
+visual" of class
+.B PseudoColor
+and
+.B Emacs
+is using it.
+.TP
+.BR reverseVideo " (class " ReverseVideo )
+If
+.BR reverseVideo 's
+value is set to
+.IR on ,
+the window will be displayed in reverse video.
+.TP
+.BR screenGamma " (class "ScreenGamma )
+Gamma correction for colors, equivalent to the frame parameter
+`screen\-gamma'.
+.TP
+.BR scrollBarWidth " (class "ScrollBarWidth )
+The scroll bar width in pixels, equivalent to the frame parameter
+`scroll\-bar\-width'.
+.TP
+.BR selectionFont " (class " SelectionFont )
+Font name for pop-up menu items, in non-toolkit versions of
+.IR Emacs .
+(For toolkit versions, see the Emacs manual, sections
+"Lucid Resources" and "LessTif Resources".)
+.TP
+.BR selectionTimeout " (class " SelectionTimeout )
+Number of milliseconds to wait for a selection reply.
+A value of 0 means wait as long as necessary.
+.TP
+.BR synchronous " (class " Synchronous )
+Run Emacs in synchronous mode if
+.IR on .
+Synchronous mode is useful for debugging X problems.
+.TP
+.BR title " (class " Title )
 Sets the title of the
 .I Emacs
 window.
 .TP
-.B iconName (\fPclass\fB Title)
-Sets the icon name for the
-.I Emacs
-window icon.
+.BR toolBar " (class " ToolBar )
+Number of lines to reserve for the tool bar.
+.TP
+.BR useXIM " (class " UseXIM )
+Turns off use of X input methods (XIM) if
+.I false
+or
+.IR off .
+.TP
+.BR verticalScrollBars " (class " ScrollBars )
+Gives frames scroll bars if
+.IR on ;
+suppresses scroll bars if
+.IR off .
+.TP
+.BR visualClass " (class " VisualClass )
+Specify the "visual" that X should use.
+This tells X how to handle colors.
+The value should start with one of
+.IR TrueColor ,
+.IR PseudoColor ,
+.IR DirectColor ,
+.IR StaticColor ,
+.IR GrayScale ,
+and
+.IR StaticGray ,
+followed by
+.BI \- depth\fR,\fP
+where
+.I depth
+is the number of color planes.
+.RE
 .PP
 If you try to set color values while using a black and white display,
 the window's characteristics will default as follows:
@@ -377,14 +575,17 @@
 the background color will be set to white,
 the border color will be set to grey,
 and the text and mouse cursors will be set to black.
+.
+.SS Using the Mouse
 .PP
-.SM Using the Mouse
-.PP
-The following lists the mouse button bindings for the
+The following lists some of the mouse button bindings for the
 .I Emacs
 window under X11.
-
+.
+.RS
 .TS
+l l
+- -
 l l.
 MOUSE BUTTON	FUNCTION
 left	Set point.
@@ -394,83 +595,93 @@
 SHIFT-right	Paste text.
 CTRL-middle	Cut text into X cut buffer and kill it.
 CTRL-right	T{
-Select this window, then split it into
-two windows.  Same as typing CTRL-x 2.
+Select this window, then split it into two windows.
+Same as typing CTRL\-x 2.
 T}
 .\" START DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X MENUS
 CTRL-SHIFT-left	T{
 X buffer menu \(em hold the buttons and keys
-down, wait for menu to appear, select
-buffer, and release.  Move mouse out of
-menu and release to cancel.
+down, wait for menu to appear, select buffer, and release.
+Move mouse out of menu and release to cancel.
 T}
-CTRL-SHIFT-middle	X help menu \(em pop up index card menu for Emacs help.
+CTRL-SHIFT-middle	T{
+X help menu \(em pop up index card menu for Emacs help.
+T}
 .\" STOP DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X MENUS
 CTRL-SHIFT-right	T{
-Select window with mouse, and delete all
-other windows.  Same as typing CTRL-x 1.
+Select window with mouse, and delete all other windows.
+Same as typing CTRL\-x 1.
 T}
 .\" STOP DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X
 .TE
-.PP
+.RE
+.
+.
 .SH MANUALS
 You can order printed copies of the GNU Emacs Manual from the Free
-Software Foundation, which develops GNU software.  See the file ORDERS
-for ordering information.
+Software Foundation, which develops GNU software.
+See the file ORDERS for ordering information.
 .br
-Your local Emacs maintainer might also have copies available.  As
-with all software and publications from FSF, everyone is permitted to
-make and distribute copies of the Emacs manual.  The TeX source to the
-manual is also included in the Emacs source distribution.
-.PP
+Your local Emacs maintainer might also have copies available.
+As with all software and publications from FSF, everyone is permitted
+to make and distribute copies of the Emacs manual.
+The TeX source to the manual is also included in the Emacs source
+distribution.
+.
+.
 .SH FILES
-/usr/local/share/info - files for the Info documentation browser.
+/usr/local/share/info \(em files for the Info documentation browser.
 The complete text of the Emacs reference manual is included in a
-convenient tree structured form.  Also includes the Emacs Lisp
-Reference Manual, useful to anyone wishing to write programs in the
-Emacs Lisp extension language.
+convenient tree structured form.
+Also includes the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual, useful to anyone
+wishing to write programs in the Emacs Lisp extension language.

-/usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/lisp - Lisp source files and compiled files
-that define most editing commands.  Some are preloaded;
-others are autoloaded from this directory when used.
+/usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/lisp \(em Lisp source files and
+compiled files that define most editing commands.
+Some are preloaded; others are autoloaded from this directory when
+used.

-/usr/local/libexec/emacs/$VERSION/$ARCH - various programs that are
+/usr/local/libexec/emacs/$VERSION/$ARCH \(em various programs that are
 used with GNU Emacs.

-/usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc - various files of information.
+/usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc \(em various files of information.

-/usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/DOC.* - contains the documentation
+/usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/DOC.* \(em contains the documentation
 strings for the Lisp primitives and preloaded Lisp functions
-of GNU Emacs.  They are stored here to reduce the size of
-Emacs proper.
+of GNU Emacs.
+They are stored here to reduce the size of Emacs proper.

-.br
 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/SERVICE lists people offering
 various services to assist users of GNU Emacs, including education,
 troubleshooting, porting and customization.
-
-.PP
+.
+.
 .SH BUGS
 There is a mailing list, bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org, for reporting Emacs
-bugs and fixes.  But before reporting something as a bug, please try
-to be sure that it really is a bug, not a misunderstanding or a
-deliberate feature.  We ask you to read the section ``Reporting Emacs
-Bugs'' near the end of the reference manual (or Info system) for hints
-on how and when to report bugs.  Also, include the version number of
-the Emacs you are running in \fIevery\fR bug report that you send in.
+bugs and fixes.
+But before reporting something as a bug, please try to be sure that
+it really is a bug, not a misunderstanding or a deliberate feature.
+We ask you to read the section ``Reporting Emacs Bugs'' near the
+end of the reference manual (or Info system) for hints on how and
+when to report bugs.
+Also, include the version number of the Emacs you are running in
+\fIevery\fR bug report that you send in.

-Do not expect a personal answer to a bug report.  The purpose of reporting
-bugs is to get them fixed for everyone in the next release, if possible.
+Do not expect a personal answer to a bug report.
+The purpose of reporting bugs is to get them fixed for everyone
+in the next release, if possible.
 For personal assistance, look in the SERVICE file (see above) for
 a list of people who offer it.

 Please do not send anything but bug reports to this mailing list.
 For more information about Emacs mailing lists, see the
-file /usr/local/emacs/etc/MAILINGLISTS.  Bugs tend actually to be
-fixed if they can be isolated, so it is in your interest to report
-them in such a way that they can be easily reproduced.
+file /usr/local/emacs/etc/MAILINGLISTS.
+Bugs tend actually to be fixed if they can be isolated, so it is
+in your interest to report them in such a way that they can be
+easily reproduced.
+.
+.
 .SH UNRESTRICTIONS
-.PP
 .I Emacs
 is free; anyone may redistribute copies of
 .I Emacs
@@ -487,25 +698,37 @@
 .I Emacs
 may sometimes be received packaged with distributions of Unix systems,
 but it is never included in the scope of any license covering those
-systems.  Such inclusion violates the terms on which distribution
-is permitted.  In fact, the primary purpose of the General Public
-License is to prohibit anyone from attaching any other restrictions
-to redistribution of
-.I Emacs.
+systems.
+Such inclusion violates the terms on which distribution is permitted.
+In fact, the primary purpose of the General Public License is to
+prohibit anyone from attaching any other restrictions to
+redistribution of
+.IR Emacs .
 .PP
 Richard Stallman encourages you to improve and extend
-.I Emacs,
+.IR Emacs ,
 and urges that
-you contribute your extensions to the GNU library.  Eventually GNU
-(Gnu's Not Unix) will be a complete replacement for Unix.
+you contribute your extensions to the GNU library.
+Eventually GNU (Gnu's Not Unix) will be a complete replacement
+for Unix.
 Everyone will be free to use, copy, study and change the GNU system.
+.
+.
 .SH SEE ALSO
-emacsclient(1), etags(1), X(1), xlsfonts(1), xterm(1), xrdb(1)
+.BR emacsclient (1),
+.BR etags (1),
+.BR X (7),
+.BR xlsfonts (1),
+.BR xterm (1),
+.BR xrdb (1)
+.
+.
 .SH AUTHORS
-.PP
 .I Emacs
 was written by Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation.
 Joachim Martillo and Robert Krawitz added the X features.
+.
+.
 .SH COPYING
 Copyright
 .if t \(co
@@ -526,5 +749,5 @@
 document into another language, under the above conditions for
 modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated
 in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation.
-
+.
 .\" arch-tag: 04dfd376-b46e-4924-919a-cecc3b257eaa