changeset 84068:c5bc1b7f62d7

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+++ b/doc/lispref/frames.texi	Thu Sep 06 04:20:02 2007 +0000
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+@c -*-texinfo-*-
+@c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual.
+@c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2001,
+@c   2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions.
+@setfilename ../info/frames
+@node Frames, Positions, Windows, Top
+@chapter Frames
+@cindex frame
+
+  In Emacs editing, A @dfn{frame} is a screen object that contains one
+or more Emacs windows.  It's the kind of object that is called a
+``window'' in the terminology of graphical environments; but we can't
+call it a ``window'' here, because Emacs uses that word in a different
+way.
+
+  A frame initially contains a single main window and/or a minibuffer
+window; you can subdivide the main window vertically or horizontally
+into smaller windows.  In Emacs Lisp, a @dfn{frame object} is a Lisp
+object that represents a frame on the screen.
+
+@cindex terminal frame
+  When Emacs runs on a text-only terminal, it starts with one
+@dfn{terminal frame}.  If you create additional ones, Emacs displays
+one and only one at any given time---on the terminal screen, of course.
+
+@cindex window frame
+  When Emacs communicates directly with a supported window system, such
+as X, it does not have a terminal frame; instead, it starts with
+a single @dfn{window frame}, but you can create more, and Emacs can
+display several such frames at once as is usual for window systems.
+
+@defun framep object
+This predicate returns a non-@code{nil} value if @var{object} is a
+frame, and @code{nil} otherwise.  For a frame, the value indicates which
+kind of display the frame uses:
+
+@table @code
+@item x
+The frame is displayed in an X window.
+@item t
+A terminal frame on a character display.
+@item mac
+The frame is displayed on a Macintosh.
+@item w32
+The frame is displayed on MS-Windows 9X/NT.
+@item pc
+The frame is displayed on an MS-DOS terminal.
+@end table
+@end defun
+
+@menu
+* Creating Frames::		Creating additional frames.
+* Multiple Displays::           Creating frames on other displays.
+* Frame Parameters::		Controlling frame size, position, font, etc.
+* Frame Titles::                Automatic updating of frame titles.
+* Deleting Frames::		Frames last until explicitly deleted.
+* Finding All Frames::		How to examine all existing frames.
+* Frames and Windows::		A frame contains windows;
+				  display of text always works through windows.
+* Minibuffers and Frames::	How a frame finds the minibuffer to use.
+* Input Focus::			Specifying the selected frame.
+* Visibility of Frames::	Frames may be visible or invisible, or icons.
+* Raising and Lowering::	Raising a frame makes it hide other windows;
+				  lowering it makes the others hide it.
+* Frame Configurations::	Saving the state of all frames.
+* Mouse Tracking::		Getting events that say when the mouse moves.
+* Mouse Position::		Asking where the mouse is, or moving it.
+* Pop-Up Menus::		Displaying a menu for the user to select from.
+* Dialog Boxes::                Displaying a box to ask yes or no.
+* Pointer Shape::               Specifying the shape of the mouse pointer.
+* Window System Selections::    Transferring text to and from other X clients.
+* Drag and Drop::               Internals of Drag-and-Drop implementation.
+* Color Names::	                Getting the definitions of color names.
+* Text Terminal Colors::        Defining colors for text-only terminals.
+* Resources::		        Getting resource values from the server.
+* Display Feature Testing::     Determining the features of a terminal.
+@end menu
+
+  @xref{Display}, for information about the related topic of
+controlling Emacs redisplay.
+
+@node Creating Frames
+@section Creating Frames
+
+To create a new frame, call the function @code{make-frame}.
+
+@defun make-frame &optional alist
+This function creates and returns a new frame, displaying the current
+buffer.  If you are using a supported window system, it makes a window
+frame; otherwise, it makes a terminal frame.
+
+The argument is an alist specifying frame parameters.  Any parameters
+not mentioned in @var{alist} default according to the value of the
+variable @code{default-frame-alist}; parameters not specified even there
+default from the standard X resources or whatever is used instead on
+your system.
+
+The set of possible parameters depends in principle on what kind of
+window system Emacs uses to display its frames.  @xref{Window Frame
+Parameters}, for documentation of individual parameters you can specify.
+
+This function itself does not make the new frame the selected frame.
+@xref{Input Focus}.  The previously selected frame remains selected.
+However, the window system may select the new frame for its own reasons,
+for instance if the frame appears under the mouse pointer and your
+setup is for focus to follow the pointer.
+@end defun
+
+@defvar before-make-frame-hook
+A normal hook run by @code{make-frame} before it actually creates the
+frame.
+@end defvar
+
+@defvar after-make-frame-functions
+An abnormal hook run by @code{make-frame} after it creates the frame.
+Each function in @code{after-make-frame-functions} receives one argument, the
+frame just created.
+@end defvar
+
+@node Multiple Displays
+@section Multiple Displays
+@cindex multiple X displays
+@cindex displays, multiple
+
+  A single Emacs can talk to more than one X display.
+Initially, Emacs uses just one display---the one chosen with the
+@code{DISPLAY} environment variable or with the @samp{--display} option
+(@pxref{Initial Options,,, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}).  To connect to
+another display, use the command @code{make-frame-on-display} or specify
+the @code{display} frame parameter when you create the frame.
+
+  Emacs treats each X server as a separate terminal, giving each one its
+own selected frame and its own minibuffer windows.  However, only one of
+those frames is ``@emph{the} selected frame'' at any given moment, see
+@ref{Input Focus}.
+
+  A few Lisp variables are @dfn{terminal-local}; that is, they have a
+separate binding for each terminal.  The binding in effect at any time
+is the one for the terminal that the currently selected frame belongs
+to.  These variables include @code{default-minibuffer-frame},
+@code{defining-kbd-macro}, @code{last-kbd-macro}, and
+@code{system-key-alist}.  They are always terminal-local, and can never
+be buffer-local (@pxref{Buffer-Local Variables}) or frame-local.
+
+  A single X server can handle more than one screen.  A display name
+@samp{@var{host}:@var{server}.@var{screen}} has three parts; the last
+part specifies the screen number for a given server.  When you use two
+screens belonging to one server, Emacs knows by the similarity in their
+names that they share a single keyboard, and it treats them as a single
+terminal.
+
+  Note that some graphical terminals can output to more than a one
+monitor (or other output device) at the same time.  On these
+``multi-monitor'' setups, a single @var{display} value controls the
+output to all the physical monitors.  In this situation, there is
+currently no platform-independent way for Emacs to distinguish between
+the different physical monitors.
+
+@deffn Command make-frame-on-display display &optional parameters
+This creates and returns a new frame on display @var{display}, taking
+the other frame parameters from @var{parameters}.  Aside from the
+@var{display} argument, it is like @code{make-frame} (@pxref{Creating
+Frames}).
+@end deffn
+
+@defun x-display-list
+This returns a list that indicates which X displays Emacs has a
+connection to.  The elements of the list are strings, and each one is
+a display name.
+@end defun
+
+@defun x-open-connection display &optional xrm-string must-succeed
+This function opens a connection to the X display @var{display}.  It
+does not create a frame on that display, but it permits you to check
+that communication can be established with that display.
+
+The optional argument @var{xrm-string}, if not @code{nil}, is a
+string of resource names and values, in the same format used in the
+@file{.Xresources} file.  The values you specify override the resource
+values recorded in the X server itself; they apply to all Emacs frames
+created on this display.  Here's an example of what this string might
+look like:
+
+@example
+"*BorderWidth: 3\n*InternalBorder: 2\n"
+@end example
+
+@xref{X Resources,, X Resources, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}.
+
+If @var{must-succeed} is non-@code{nil}, failure to open the connection
+terminates Emacs.  Otherwise, it is an ordinary Lisp error.
+@end defun
+
+@defun x-close-connection display
+This function closes the connection to display @var{display}.  Before
+you can do this, you must first delete all the frames that were open on
+that display (@pxref{Deleting Frames}).
+@end defun
+
+@node Frame Parameters
+@section Frame Parameters
+@cindex frame parameters
+
+  A frame has many parameters that control its appearance and behavior.
+Just what parameters a frame has depends on what display mechanism it
+uses.
+
+  Frame parameters exist mostly for the sake of window systems.  A
+terminal frame has a few parameters, mostly for compatibility's sake;
+only the @code{height}, @code{width}, @code{name}, @code{title},
+@code{menu-bar-lines}, @code{buffer-list} and @code{buffer-predicate}
+parameters do something special.  If the terminal supports colors, the
+parameters @code{foreground-color}, @code{background-color},
+@code{background-mode} and @code{display-type} are also meaningful.
+
+@menu
+* Parameter Access::       How to change a frame's parameters.
+* Initial Parameters::	   Specifying frame parameters when you make a frame.
+* Window Frame Parameters:: List of frame parameters for window systems.
+* Size and Position::      Changing the size and position of a frame.
+* Geometry::               Parsing geometry specifications.
+@end menu
+
+@node Parameter Access
+@subsection Access to Frame Parameters
+
+These functions let you read and change the parameter values of a
+frame.
+
+@defun frame-parameter frame parameter
+This function returns the value of the parameter @var{parameter} (a
+symbol) of @var{frame}.  If @var{frame} is @code{nil}, it returns the
+selected frame's parameter.  If @var{frame} has no setting for
+@var{parameter}, this function returns @code{nil}.
+@end defun
+
+@defun frame-parameters &optional frame
+The function @code{frame-parameters} returns an alist listing all the
+parameters of @var{frame} and their values.  If @var{frame} is
+@code{nil} or omitted, this returns the selected frame's parameters
+@end defun
+
+@defun modify-frame-parameters frame alist
+This function alters the parameters of frame @var{frame} based on the
+elements of @var{alist}.  Each element of @var{alist} has the form
+@code{(@var{parm} . @var{value})}, where @var{parm} is a symbol naming a
+parameter.  If you don't mention a parameter in @var{alist}, its value
+doesn't change.  If @var{frame} is @code{nil}, it defaults to the selected
+frame.
+@end defun
+
+@defun modify-all-frames-parameters alist
+This function alters the frame parameters of all existing frames
+according to @var{alist}, then modifies @code{default-frame-alist}
+(and, if necessary, @code{initial-frame-alist}) to apply the same
+parameter values to frames that will be created henceforth.
+@end defun
+
+@node Initial Parameters
+@subsection Initial Frame Parameters
+
+You can specify the parameters for the initial startup frame
+by setting @code{initial-frame-alist} in your init file (@pxref{Init File}).
+
+@defvar initial-frame-alist
+This variable's value is an alist of parameter values used when creating
+the initial window frame.  You can set this variable to specify the
+appearance of the initial frame without altering subsequent frames.
+Each element has the form:
+
+@example
+(@var{parameter} . @var{value})
+@end example
+
+Emacs creates the initial frame before it reads your init
+file.  After reading that file, Emacs checks @code{initial-frame-alist},
+and applies the parameter settings in the altered value to the already
+created initial frame.
+
+If these settings affect the frame geometry and appearance, you'll see
+the frame appear with the wrong ones and then change to the specified
+ones.  If that bothers you, you can specify the same geometry and
+appearance with X resources; those do take effect before the frame is
+created.  @xref{X Resources,, X Resources, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}.
+
+X resource settings typically apply to all frames.  If you want to
+specify some X resources solely for the sake of the initial frame, and
+you don't want them to apply to subsequent frames, here's how to achieve
+this.  Specify parameters in @code{default-frame-alist} to override the
+X resources for subsequent frames; then, to prevent these from affecting
+the initial frame, specify the same parameters in
+@code{initial-frame-alist} with values that match the X resources.
+@end defvar
+
+If these parameters specify a separate minibuffer-only frame with
+@code{(minibuffer . nil)}, and you have not created one, Emacs creates
+one for you.
+
+@defvar minibuffer-frame-alist
+This variable's value is an alist of parameter values used when creating
+an initial minibuffer-only frame---if such a frame is needed, according
+to the parameters for the main initial frame.
+@end defvar
+
+@defvar default-frame-alist
+This is an alist specifying default values of frame parameters for all
+Emacs frames---the first frame, and subsequent frames.  When using the X
+Window System, you can get the same results by means of X resources
+in many cases.
+
+Setting this variable does not affect existing frames.
+@end defvar
+
+See also @code{special-display-frame-alist}.  @xref{Definition of
+special-display-frame-alist}.
+
+If you use options that specify window appearance when you invoke Emacs,
+they take effect by adding elements to @code{default-frame-alist}.  One
+exception is @samp{-geometry}, which adds the specified position to
+@code{initial-frame-alist} instead.  @xref{Emacs Invocation,, Command
+Line Arguments for Emacs Invocation, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}.
+
+@node Window Frame Parameters
+@subsection Window Frame Parameters
+
+  Just what parameters a frame has depends on what display mechanism
+it uses.  This section describes the parameters that have special
+meanings on some or all kinds of terminals.  Of these, @code{name},
+@code{title}, @code{height}, @code{width}, @code{buffer-list} and
+@code{buffer-predicate} provide meaningful information in terminal
+frames, and @code{tty-color-mode} is meaningful @emph{only} in
+terminal frames.
+
+@menu
+* Basic Parameters::            Parameters that are fundamental.
+* Position Parameters::         The position of the frame on the screen.
+* Size Parameters::             Frame's size.
+* Layout Parameters::           Size of parts of the frame, and
+                                  enabling or disabling some parts.
+* Buffer Parameters::           Which buffers have been or should be shown.
+* Management Parameters::       Communicating with the window manager.
+* Cursor Parameters::           Controlling the cursor appearance.
+* Color Parameters::            Colors of various parts of the frame.
+@end menu
+
+@node Basic Parameters
+@subsubsection Basic Parameters
+
+  These frame parameters give the most basic information about the
+frame.  @code{title} and @code{name} are meaningful on all terminals.
+
+@table @code
+@item display
+The display on which to open this frame.  It should be a string of the
+form @code{"@var{host}:@var{dpy}.@var{screen}"}, just like the
+@code{DISPLAY} environment variable.
+
+@item display-type
+This parameter describes the range of possible colors that can be used
+in this frame.  Its value is @code{color}, @code{grayscale} or
+@code{mono}.
+
+@item title
+If a frame has a non-@code{nil} title, it appears in the window system's
+border for the frame, and also in the mode line of windows in that frame
+if @code{mode-line-frame-identification} uses @samp{%F}
+(@pxref{%-Constructs}).  This is normally the case when Emacs is not
+using a window system, and can only display one frame at a time.
+@xref{Frame Titles}.
+
+@item name
+The name of the frame.  The frame name serves as a default for the frame
+title, if the @code{title} parameter is unspecified or @code{nil}.  If
+you don't specify a name, Emacs sets the frame name automatically
+(@pxref{Frame Titles}).
+
+If you specify the frame name explicitly when you create the frame, the
+name is also used (instead of the name of the Emacs executable) when
+looking up X resources for the frame.
+
+@item display-environment-variable
+The value of the @code{DISPLAY} environment variable for the frame. It
+is passed to child processes.
+
+@item term-environment-variable
+The value of the @code{TERM} environment variable for the frame. It
+is passed to child processes.
+@end table
+
+@node Position Parameters
+@subsubsection Position Parameters
+
+  Position parameters' values are normally measured in pixels, but on
+text-only terminals they count characters or lines instead.
+
+@table @code
+@item left
+The screen position of the left edge, in pixels, with respect to the
+left edge of the screen.  The value may be a positive number @var{pos},
+or a list of the form @code{(+ @var{pos})} which permits specifying a
+negative @var{pos} value.
+
+A negative number @minus{}@var{pos}, or a list of the form @code{(-
+@var{pos})}, actually specifies the position of the right edge of the
+window with respect to the right edge of the screen.  A positive value
+of @var{pos} counts toward the left.  @strong{Reminder:} if the
+parameter is a negative integer @minus{}@var{pos}, then @var{pos} is
+positive.
+
+Some window managers ignore program-specified positions.  If you want to
+be sure the position you specify is not ignored, specify a
+non-@code{nil} value for the @code{user-position} parameter as well.
+
+@item top
+The screen position of the top edge, in pixels, with respect to the
+top edge of the screen.  It works just like @code{left}, except vertically
+instead of horizontally.
+
+@item icon-left
+The screen position of the left edge @emph{of the frame's icon}, in
+pixels, counting from the left edge of the screen.  This takes effect if
+and when the frame is iconified.
+
+If you specify a value for this parameter, then you must also specify
+a value for @code{icon-top} and vice versa.  The window manager may
+ignore these two parameters.
+
+@item icon-top
+The screen position of the top edge @emph{of the frame's icon}, in
+pixels, counting from the top edge of the screen.  This takes effect if
+and when the frame is iconified.
+
+@item user-position
+When you create a frame and specify its screen position with the
+@code{left} and @code{top} parameters, use this parameter to say whether
+the specified position was user-specified (explicitly requested in some
+way by a human user) or merely program-specified (chosen by a program).
+A non-@code{nil} value says the position was user-specified.
+
+Window managers generally heed user-specified positions, and some heed
+program-specified positions too.  But many ignore program-specified
+positions, placing the window in a default fashion or letting the user
+place it with the mouse.  Some window managers, including @code{twm},
+let the user specify whether to obey program-specified positions or
+ignore them.
+
+When you call @code{make-frame}, you should specify a non-@code{nil}
+value for this parameter if the values of the @code{left} and @code{top}
+parameters represent the user's stated preference; otherwise, use
+@code{nil}.
+@end table
+
+@node Size Parameters
+@subsubsection Size Parameters
+
+  Size parameters' values are normally measured in pixels, but on
+text-only terminals they count characters or lines instead.
+
+@table @code
+@item height
+The height of the frame contents, in characters.  (To get the height in
+pixels, call @code{frame-pixel-height}; see @ref{Size and Position}.)
+
+@item width
+The width of the frame contents, in characters.  (To get the height in
+pixels, call @code{frame-pixel-width}; see @ref{Size and Position}.)
+
+@item user-size
+This does for the size parameters @code{height} and @code{width} what
+the @code{user-position} parameter (see above) does for the position
+parameters @code{top} and @code{left}.
+
+@item fullscreen
+Specify that width, height or both shall be set to the size of the screen.
+The value @code{fullwidth} specifies that width shall be the size of the
+screen.  The value @code{fullheight} specifies that height shall be the
+size of the screen.  The value @code{fullboth} specifies that both the
+width and the height shall be set to the size of the screen.
+@end table
+
+@node Layout Parameters
+@subsubsection Layout Parameters
+
+  These frame parameters enable or disable various parts of the
+frame, or control their sizes.
+
+@table @code
+@item border-width
+The width in pixels of the frame's border.
+
+@item internal-border-width
+The distance in pixels between text (or fringe) and the frame's border.
+
+@item vertical-scroll-bars
+Whether the frame has scroll bars for vertical scrolling, and which side
+of the frame they should be on.  The possible values are @code{left},
+@code{right}, and @code{nil} for no scroll bars.
+
+@ignore
+@item horizontal-scroll-bars
+Whether the frame has scroll bars for horizontal scrolling
+(non-@code{nil} means yes).  Horizontal scroll bars are not currently
+implemented.
+@end ignore
+
+@item scroll-bar-width
+The width of vertical scroll bars, in pixels, or @code{nil} meaning to
+use the default width.
+
+@item left-fringe
+@itemx right-fringe
+The default width of the left and right fringes of windows in this
+frame (@pxref{Fringes}).  If either of these is zero, that effectively
+removes the corresponding fringe.  A value of @code{nil} stands for
+the standard fringe width, which is the width needed to display the
+fringe bitmaps.
+
+The combined fringe widths must add up to an integral number of
+columns, so the actual default fringe widths for the frame may be
+larger than the specified values.  The extra width needed to reach an
+acceptable total is distributed evenly between the left and right
+fringe.  However, you can force one fringe or the other to a precise
+width by specifying that width as a negative integer.  If both widths are
+negative, only the left fringe gets the specified width.
+
+@item menu-bar-lines
+The number of lines to allocate at the top of the frame for a menu
+bar.  The default is 1.  A value of @code{nil} means don't display a
+menu bar.  @xref{Menu Bar}.  (The X toolkit and GTK allow at most one
+menu bar line; they treat larger values as 1.)
+
+@item tool-bar-lines
+The number of lines to use for the tool bar.  A value of @code{nil}
+means don't display a tool bar.  (GTK allows at most one tool bar line;
+it treats larger values as 1.)
+
+@item line-spacing
+Additional space to leave below each text line, in pixels (a positive
+integer).  @xref{Line Height}, for more information.
+@end table
+
+@node Buffer Parameters
+@subsubsection Buffer Parameters
+
+  These frame parameters, meaningful on all kinds of terminals, deal
+with which buffers have been, or should, be displayed in the frame.
+
+@table @code
+@item minibuffer
+Whether this frame has its own minibuffer.  The value @code{t} means
+yes, @code{nil} means no, @code{only} means this frame is just a
+minibuffer.  If the value is a minibuffer window (in some other frame),
+the new frame uses that minibuffer.
+
+@item buffer-predicate
+The buffer-predicate function for this frame.  The function
+@code{other-buffer} uses this predicate (from the selected frame) to
+decide which buffers it should consider, if the predicate is not
+@code{nil}.  It calls the predicate with one argument, a buffer, once for
+each buffer; if the predicate returns a non-@code{nil} value, it
+considers that buffer.
+
+@item buffer-list
+A list of buffers that have been selected in this frame,
+ordered most-recently-selected first.
+
+@item unsplittable
+If non-@code{nil}, this frame's window is never split automatically.
+@end table
+
+@node Management Parameters
+@subsubsection Window Management Parameters
+@cindex window manager, and frame parameters
+
+  These frame parameters, meaningful only on window system displays,
+interact with the window manager.
+
+@table @code
+@item visibility
+The state of visibility of the frame.  There are three possibilities:
+@code{nil} for invisible, @code{t} for visible, and @code{icon} for
+iconified.  @xref{Visibility of Frames}.
+
+@item auto-raise
+Whether selecting the frame raises it (non-@code{nil} means yes).
+
+@item auto-lower
+Whether deselecting the frame lowers it (non-@code{nil} means yes).
+
+@item icon-type
+The type of icon to use for this frame when it is iconified.  If the
+value is a string, that specifies a file containing a bitmap to use.
+Any other non-@code{nil} value specifies the default bitmap icon (a
+picture of a gnu); @code{nil} specifies a text icon.
+
+@item icon-name
+The name to use in the icon for this frame, when and if the icon
+appears.  If this is @code{nil}, the frame's title is used.
+
+@item window-id
+The number of the window-system window used by the frame
+to contain the actual Emacs windows.
+
+@item outer-window-id
+The number of the outermost window-system window used for the whole frame.
+
+@item wait-for-wm
+If non-@code{nil}, tell Xt to wait for the window manager to confirm
+geometry changes.  Some window managers, including versions of Fvwm2
+and KDE, fail to confirm, so Xt hangs.  Set this to @code{nil} to
+prevent hanging with those window managers.
+
+@ignore
+@item parent-id
+@c ??? Not yet working.
+The X window number of the window that should be the parent of this one.
+Specifying this lets you create an Emacs window inside some other
+application's window.  (It is not certain this will be implemented; try
+it and see if it works.)
+@end ignore
+@end table
+
+@node Cursor Parameters
+@subsubsection Cursor Parameters
+
+  This frame parameter controls the way the cursor looks.
+
+@table @code
+@item cursor-type
+How to display the cursor.  Legitimate values are:
+
+@table @code
+@item box
+Display a filled box.  (This is the default.)
+@item hollow
+Display a hollow box.
+@item nil
+Don't display a cursor.
+@item bar
+Display a vertical bar between characters.
+@item (bar . @var{width})
+Display a vertical bar @var{width} pixels wide between characters.
+@item hbar
+Display a horizontal bar.
+@item (hbar . @var{height})
+Display a horizontal bar @var{height} pixels high.
+@end table
+@end table
+
+@vindex cursor-type
+The buffer-local variable @code{cursor-type} overrides the value of
+the @code{cursor-type} frame parameter, but if it is @code{t}, that
+means to use the cursor specified for the frame.
+
+@defvar blink-cursor-alist
+This variable specifies how to blink the cursor.  Each element has the
+form @code{(@var{on-state} . @var{off-state})}.  Whenever the cursor
+type equals @var{on-state} (comparing using @code{equal}), the
+corresponding @var{off-state} specifies what the cursor looks like
+when it blinks ``off.''  Both @var{on-state} and @var{off-state}
+should be suitable values for the @code{cursor-type} frame parameter.
+
+There are various defaults for how to blink each type of cursor, if
+the type is not mentioned as an @var{on-state} here.  Changes in this
+variable do not take effect immediately, because the variable is
+examined only when you specify the @code{cursor-type} parameter.
+@end defvar
+
+@node Color Parameters
+@subsubsection Color Parameters
+
+  These frame parameters control the use of colors.
+
+@table @code
+@item background-mode
+This parameter is either @code{dark} or @code{light}, according
+to whether the background color is a light one or a dark one.
+
+@item tty-color-mode
+@cindex standard colors for character terminals
+This parameter overrides the terminal's color support as given by the
+system's terminal capabilities database in that this parameter's value
+specifies the color mode to use in terminal frames.  The value can be
+either a symbol or a number.  A number specifies the number of colors
+to use (and, indirectly, what commands to issue to produce each
+color).  For example, @code{(tty-color-mode . 8)} specifies use of the
+ANSI escape sequences for 8 standard text colors.  A value of -1 turns
+off color support.
+
+If the parameter's value is a symbol, it specifies a number through
+the value of @code{tty-color-mode-alist}, and the associated number is
+used instead.
+
+@item screen-gamma
+@cindex gamma correction
+If this is a number, Emacs performs ``gamma correction'' which adjusts
+the brightness of all colors.  The value should be the screen gamma of
+your display, a floating point number.
+
+Usual PC monitors have a screen gamma of 2.2, so color values in
+Emacs, and in X windows generally, are calibrated to display properly
+on a monitor with that gamma value.  If you specify 2.2 for
+@code{screen-gamma}, that means no correction is needed.  Other values
+request correction, designed to make the corrected colors appear on
+your screen the way they would have appeared without correction on an
+ordinary monitor with a gamma value of 2.2.
+
+If your monitor displays colors too light, you should specify a
+@code{screen-gamma} value smaller than 2.2.  This requests correction
+that makes colors darker.  A screen gamma value of 1.5 may give good
+results for LCD color displays.
+@end table
+
+These frame parameters are semi-obsolete in that they are automatically
+equivalent to particular face attributes of particular faces.
+@xref{Standard Faces,,, emacs, The Emacs Manual}.
+
+@table @code
+@item font
+The name of the font for displaying text in the frame.  This is a
+string, either a valid font name for your system or the name of an Emacs
+fontset (@pxref{Fontsets}).  It is equivalent to the @code{font}
+attribute of the @code{default} face.
+
+@item foreground-color
+The color to use for the image of a character.  It is equivalent to
+the @code{:foreground} attribute of the @code{default} face.
+
+@item background-color
+The color to use for the background of characters.  It is equivalent to
+the @code{:background} attribute of the @code{default} face.
+
+@item mouse-color
+The color for the mouse pointer.  It is equivalent to the @code{:background}
+attribute of the @code{mouse} face.
+
+@item cursor-color
+The color for the cursor that shows point.  It is equivalent to the
+@code{:background} attribute of the @code{cursor} face.
+
+@item border-color
+The color for the border of the frame.  It is equivalent to the
+@code{:background} attribute of the @code{border} face.
+
+@item scroll-bar-foreground
+If non-@code{nil}, the color for the foreground of scroll bars.  It is
+equivalent to the @code{:foreground} attribute of the
+@code{scroll-bar} face.
+
+@item scroll-bar-background
+If non-@code{nil}, the color for the background of scroll bars.  It is
+equivalent to the @code{:background} attribute of the
+@code{scroll-bar} face.
+@end table
+
+@node Size and Position
+@subsection Frame Size And Position
+@cindex size of frame
+@cindex screen size
+@cindex frame size
+@cindex resize frame
+
+  You can read or change the size and position of a frame using the
+frame parameters @code{left}, @code{top}, @code{height}, and
+@code{width}.  Whatever geometry parameters you don't specify are chosen
+by the window manager in its usual fashion.
+
+  Here are some special features for working with sizes and positions.
+(For the precise meaning of ``selected frame'' used by these functions,
+see @ref{Input Focus}.)
+
+@defun set-frame-position frame left top
+This function sets the position of the top left corner of @var{frame} to
+@var{left} and @var{top}.  These arguments are measured in pixels, and
+normally count from the top left corner of the screen.
+
+Negative parameter values position the bottom edge of the window up from
+the bottom edge of the screen, or the right window edge to the left of
+the right edge of the screen.  It would probably be better if the values
+were always counted from the left and top, so that negative arguments
+would position the frame partly off the top or left edge of the screen,
+but it seems inadvisable to change that now.
+@end defun
+
+@defun frame-height &optional frame
+@defunx frame-width &optional frame
+These functions return the height and width of @var{frame}, measured in
+lines and columns.  If you don't supply @var{frame}, they use the
+selected frame.
+@end defun
+
+@defun screen-height
+@defunx screen-width
+These functions are old aliases for @code{frame-height} and
+@code{frame-width}.  When you are using a non-window terminal, the size
+of the frame is normally the same as the size of the terminal screen.
+@end defun
+
+@defun frame-pixel-height &optional frame
+@defunx frame-pixel-width &optional frame
+These functions return the height and width of @var{frame}, measured in
+pixels.  If you don't supply @var{frame}, they use the selected frame.
+@end defun
+
+@defun frame-char-height &optional frame
+@defunx frame-char-width &optional frame
+These functions return the height and width of a character in
+@var{frame}, measured in pixels.  The values depend on the choice of
+font.  If you don't supply @var{frame}, these functions use the selected
+frame.
+@end defun
+
+@defun set-frame-size frame cols rows
+This function sets the size of @var{frame}, measured in characters;
+@var{cols} and @var{rows} specify the new width and height.
+
+To set the size based on values measured in pixels, use
+@code{frame-char-height} and @code{frame-char-width} to convert
+them to units of characters.
+@end defun
+
+@defun set-frame-height frame lines &optional pretend
+This function resizes @var{frame} to a height of @var{lines} lines.  The
+sizes of existing windows in @var{frame} are altered proportionally to
+fit.
+
+If @var{pretend} is non-@code{nil}, then Emacs displays @var{lines}
+lines of output in @var{frame}, but does not change its value for the
+actual height of the frame.  This is only useful for a terminal frame.
+Using a smaller height than the terminal actually implements may be
+useful to reproduce behavior observed on a smaller screen, or if the
+terminal malfunctions when using its whole screen.  Setting the frame
+height ``for real'' does not always work, because knowing the correct
+actual size may be necessary for correct cursor positioning on a
+terminal frame.
+@end defun
+
+@defun set-frame-width frame width &optional pretend
+This function sets the width of @var{frame}, measured in characters.
+The argument @var{pretend} has the same meaning as in
+@code{set-frame-height}.
+@end defun
+
+@findex set-screen-height
+@findex set-screen-width
+  The older functions @code{set-screen-height} and
+@code{set-screen-width} were used to specify the height and width of the
+screen, in Emacs versions that did not support multiple frames.  They
+are semi-obsolete, but still work; they apply to the selected frame.
+
+@node Geometry
+@subsection Geometry
+
+  Here's how to examine the data in an X-style window geometry
+specification:
+
+@defun x-parse-geometry geom
+@cindex geometry specification
+The function @code{x-parse-geometry} converts a standard X window
+geometry string to an alist that you can use as part of the argument to
+@code{make-frame}.
+
+The alist describes which parameters were specified in @var{geom}, and
+gives the values specified for them.  Each element looks like
+@code{(@var{parameter} . @var{value})}.  The possible @var{parameter}
+values are @code{left}, @code{top}, @code{width}, and @code{height}.
+
+For the size parameters, the value must be an integer.  The position
+parameter names @code{left} and @code{top} are not totally accurate,
+because some values indicate the position of the right or bottom edges
+instead.  These are the @var{value} possibilities for the position
+parameters:
+
+@table @asis
+@item an integer
+A positive integer relates the left edge or top edge of the window to
+the left or top edge of the screen.  A negative integer relates the
+right or bottom edge of the window to the right or bottom edge of the
+screen.
+
+@item @code{(+ @var{position})}
+This specifies the position of the left or top edge of the window
+relative to the left or top edge of the screen.  The integer
+@var{position} may be positive or negative; a negative value specifies a
+position outside the screen.
+
+@item @code{(- @var{position})}
+This specifies the position of the right or bottom edge of the window
+relative to the right or bottom edge of the screen.  The integer
+@var{position} may be positive or negative; a negative value specifies a
+position outside the screen.
+@end table
+
+Here is an example:
+
+@example
+(x-parse-geometry "35x70+0-0")
+     @result{} ((height . 70) (width . 35)
+         (top - 0) (left . 0))
+@end example
+@end defun
+
+@node Frame Titles
+@section Frame Titles
+@cindex frame title
+
+  Every frame has a @code{name} parameter; this serves as the default
+for the frame title which window systems typically display at the top of
+the frame.  You can specify a name explicitly by setting the @code{name}
+frame property.
+
+  Normally you don't specify the name explicitly, and Emacs computes the
+frame name automatically based on a template stored in the variable
+@code{frame-title-format}.  Emacs recomputes the name each time the
+frame is redisplayed.
+
+@defvar frame-title-format
+This variable specifies how to compute a name for a frame when you have
+not explicitly specified one.  The variable's value is actually a mode
+line construct, just like @code{mode-line-format}, except that the
+@samp{%c} and @samp{%l} constructs are ignored.  @xref{Mode Line
+Data}.
+@end defvar
+
+@defvar icon-title-format
+This variable specifies how to compute the name for an iconified frame,
+when you have not explicitly specified the frame title.  This title
+appears in the icon itself.
+@end defvar
+
+@defvar multiple-frames
+This variable is set automatically by Emacs.  Its value is @code{t} when
+there are two or more frames (not counting minibuffer-only frames or
+invisible frames).  The default value of @code{frame-title-format} uses
+@code{multiple-frames} so as to put the buffer name in the frame title
+only when there is more than one frame.
+
+The value of this variable is not guaranteed to be accurate except
+while processing @code{frame-title-format} or
+@code{icon-title-format}.
+@end defvar
+
+@node Deleting Frames
+@section Deleting Frames
+@cindex deleting frames
+
+Frames remain potentially visible until you explicitly @dfn{delete}
+them.  A deleted frame cannot appear on the screen, but continues to
+exist as a Lisp object until there are no references to it.
+
+@deffn Command delete-frame &optional frame force
+@vindex delete-frame-functions
+This function deletes the frame @var{frame}.  Unless @var{frame} is a
+tooltip, it first runs the hook @code{delete-frame-functions} (each
+function gets one argument, @var{frame}).  By default, @var{frame} is
+the selected frame.
+
+A frame cannot be deleted if its minibuffer is used by other frames.
+Normally, you cannot delete a frame if all other frames are invisible,
+but if the @var{force} is non-@code{nil}, then you are allowed to do so.
+@end deffn
+
+@defun frame-live-p frame
+The function @code{frame-live-p} returns non-@code{nil} if the frame
+@var{frame} has not been deleted.  The possible non-@code{nil} return
+values are like those of @code{framep}.  @xref{Frames}.
+@end defun
+
+  Some window managers provide a command to delete a window.  These work
+by sending a special message to the program that operates the window.
+When Emacs gets one of these commands, it generates a
+@code{delete-frame} event, whose normal definition is a command that
+calls the function @code{delete-frame}.  @xref{Misc Events}.
+
+@node Finding All Frames
+@section Finding All Frames
+@cindex frames, scanning all
+
+@defun frame-list
+The function @code{frame-list} returns a list of all the frames that
+have not been deleted.  It is analogous to @code{buffer-list} for
+buffers, and includes frames on all terminals.  The list that you get is
+newly created, so modifying the list doesn't have any effect on the
+internals of Emacs.
+@end defun
+
+@defun visible-frame-list
+This function returns a list of just the currently visible frames.
+@xref{Visibility of Frames}.  (Terminal frames always count as
+``visible,'' even though only the selected one is actually displayed.)
+@end defun
+
+@defun next-frame &optional frame minibuf
+The function @code{next-frame} lets you cycle conveniently through all
+the frames on the current display from an arbitrary starting point.  It
+returns the ``next'' frame after @var{frame} in the cycle.  If
+@var{frame} is omitted or @code{nil}, it defaults to the selected frame
+(@pxref{Input Focus}).
+
+The second argument, @var{minibuf}, says which frames to consider:
+
+@table @asis
+@item @code{nil}
+Exclude minibuffer-only frames.
+@item @code{visible}
+Consider all visible frames.
+@item 0
+Consider all visible or iconified frames.
+@item a window
+Consider only the frames using that particular window as their
+minibuffer.
+@item anything else
+Consider all frames.
+@end table
+@end defun
+
+@defun previous-frame &optional frame minibuf
+Like @code{next-frame}, but cycles through all frames in the opposite
+direction.
+@end defun
+
+  See also @code{next-window} and @code{previous-window}, in @ref{Cyclic
+Window Ordering}.
+
+@node Frames and Windows
+@section Frames and Windows
+
+  Each window is part of one and only one frame; you can get the frame
+with @code{window-frame}.
+
+@defun window-frame window
+This function returns the frame that @var{window} is on.
+@end defun
+
+  All the non-minibuffer windows in a frame are arranged in a cyclic
+order.  The order runs from the frame's top window, which is at the
+upper left corner, down and to the right, until it reaches the window at
+the lower right corner (always the minibuffer window, if the frame has
+one), and then it moves back to the top.  @xref{Cyclic Window Ordering}.
+
+@defun frame-first-window &optional frame
+This returns the topmost, leftmost window of frame @var{frame}.
+If omitted or @code{nil}, @var{frame} defaults to the selected frame.
+@end defun
+
+At any time, exactly one window on any frame is @dfn{selected within the
+frame}.  The significance of this designation is that selecting the
+frame also selects this window.  You can get the frame's current
+selected window with @code{frame-selected-window}.
+
+@defun frame-selected-window  &optional frame
+This function returns the window on @var{frame} that is selected
+within @var{frame}.  If omitted or @code{nil}, @var{frame} defaults to
+the selected frame.
+@end defun
+
+@defun set-frame-selected-window frame window
+This sets the selected window of frame @var{frame} to @var{window}.
+If @var{frame} is @code{nil}, it operates on the selected frame.  If
+@var{frame} is the selected frame, this makes @var{window} the
+selected window.  This function returns @var{window}.
+@end defun
+
+  Conversely, selecting a window for Emacs with @code{select-window} also
+makes that window selected within its frame.  @xref{Selecting Windows}.
+
+  Another function that (usually) returns one of the windows in a given
+frame is @code{minibuffer-window}.  @xref{Definition of minibuffer-window}.
+
+@node Minibuffers and Frames
+@section Minibuffers and Frames
+
+Normally, each frame has its own minibuffer window at the bottom, which
+is used whenever that frame is selected.  If the frame has a minibuffer,
+you can get it with @code{minibuffer-window} (@pxref{Definition of
+minibuffer-window}).
+
+However, you can also create a frame with no minibuffer.  Such a frame
+must use the minibuffer window of some other frame.  When you create the
+frame, you can specify explicitly the minibuffer window to use (in some
+other frame).  If you don't, then the minibuffer is found in the frame
+which is the value of the variable @code{default-minibuffer-frame}.  Its
+value should be a frame that does have a minibuffer.
+
+If you use a minibuffer-only frame, you might want that frame to raise
+when you enter the minibuffer.  If so, set the variable
+@code{minibuffer-auto-raise} to @code{t}.  @xref{Raising and Lowering}.
+
+@defvar default-minibuffer-frame
+This variable specifies the frame to use for the minibuffer window, by
+default.  It does not affect existing frames.  It is always local to
+the current terminal and cannot be buffer-local.  @xref{Multiple
+Displays}.
+@end defvar
+
+@node Input Focus
+@section Input Focus
+@cindex input focus
+@c @cindex selected frame    Duplicates selected-frame
+
+At any time, one frame in Emacs is the @dfn{selected frame}.  The selected
+window always resides on the selected frame.
+
+When Emacs displays its frames on several terminals (@pxref{Multiple
+Displays}), each terminal has its own selected frame.  But only one of
+these is ``@emph{the} selected frame'': it's the frame that belongs to
+the terminal from which the most recent input came.  That is, when Emacs
+runs a command that came from a certain terminal, the selected frame is
+the one of that terminal.  Since Emacs runs only a single command at any
+given time, it needs to consider only one selected frame at a time; this
+frame is what we call @dfn{the selected frame} in this manual.  The
+display on which the selected frame is displayed is the @dfn{selected
+frame's display}.
+
+@defun selected-frame
+This function returns the selected frame.
+@end defun
+
+Some window systems and window managers direct keyboard input to the
+window object that the mouse is in; others require explicit clicks or
+commands to @dfn{shift the focus} to various window objects.  Either
+way, Emacs automatically keeps track of which frame has the focus.  To
+switch to a different frame from a Lisp function, call
+@code{select-frame-set-input-focus}.
+
+Lisp programs can also switch frames ``temporarily'' by calling the
+function @code{select-frame}.  This does not alter the window system's
+concept of focus; rather, it escapes from the window manager's control
+until that control is somehow reasserted.
+
+When using a text-only terminal, only one frame can be displayed at a
+time on the terminal, so after a call to @code{select-frame}, the next
+redisplay actually displays the newly selected frame.  This frame
+remains selected until a subsequent call to @code{select-frame} or
+@code{select-frame-set-input-focus}.  Each terminal frame has a number
+which appears in the mode line before the buffer name (@pxref{Mode
+Line Variables}).
+
+@defun select-frame-set-input-focus frame
+This function makes @var{frame} the selected frame, raises it (should
+it happen to be obscured by other frames) and tries to give it the X
+server's focus.  On a text-only terminal, the next redisplay displays
+the new frame on the entire terminal screen.  The return value of this
+function is not significant.
+@end defun
+
+@c ??? This is not yet implemented properly.
+@defun select-frame frame
+This function selects frame @var{frame}, temporarily disregarding the
+focus of the X server if any.  The selection of @var{frame} lasts until
+the next time the user does something to select a different frame, or
+until the next time this function is called.  (If you are using a
+window system, the previously selected frame may be restored as the
+selected frame after return to the command loop, because it still may
+have the window system's input focus.)  The specified @var{frame}
+becomes the selected frame, as explained above, and the terminal that
+@var{frame} is on becomes the selected terminal.  This function
+returns @var{frame}, or @code{nil} if @var{frame} has been deleted.
+
+In general, you should never use @code{select-frame} in a way that could
+switch to a different terminal without switching back when you're done.
+@end defun
+
+Emacs cooperates with the window system by arranging to select frames as
+the server and window manager request.  It does so by generating a
+special kind of input event, called a @dfn{focus} event, when
+appropriate.  The command loop handles a focus event by calling
+@code{handle-switch-frame}.  @xref{Focus Events}.
+
+@deffn Command handle-switch-frame frame
+This function handles a focus event by selecting frame @var{frame}.
+
+Focus events normally do their job by invoking this command.
+Don't call it for any other reason.
+@end deffn
+
+@defun redirect-frame-focus frame &optional focus-frame
+This function redirects focus from @var{frame} to @var{focus-frame}.
+This means that @var{focus-frame} will receive subsequent keystrokes and
+events intended for @var{frame}.  After such an event, the value of
+@code{last-event-frame} will be @var{focus-frame}.  Also, switch-frame
+events specifying @var{frame} will instead select @var{focus-frame}.
+
+If @var{focus-frame} is omitted or @code{nil}, that cancels any existing
+redirection for @var{frame}, which therefore once again receives its own
+events.
+
+One use of focus redirection is for frames that don't have minibuffers.
+These frames use minibuffers on other frames.  Activating a minibuffer
+on another frame redirects focus to that frame.  This puts the focus on
+the minibuffer's frame, where it belongs, even though the mouse remains
+in the frame that activated the minibuffer.
+
+Selecting a frame can also change focus redirections.  Selecting frame
+@code{bar}, when @code{foo} had been selected, changes any redirections
+pointing to @code{foo} so that they point to @code{bar} instead.  This
+allows focus redirection to work properly when the user switches from
+one frame to another using @code{select-window}.
+
+This means that a frame whose focus is redirected to itself is treated
+differently from a frame whose focus is not redirected.
+@code{select-frame} affects the former but not the latter.
+
+The redirection lasts until @code{redirect-frame-focus} is called to
+change it.
+@end defun
+
+@defopt focus-follows-mouse
+This option is how you inform Emacs whether the window manager transfers
+focus when the user moves the mouse.  Non-@code{nil} says that it does.
+When this is so, the command @code{other-frame} moves the mouse to a
+position consistent with the new selected frame.  (This option has no
+effect on MS-Windows, where the mouse pointer is always automatically
+moved by the OS to the selected frame.)
+@end defopt
+
+@node Visibility of Frames
+@section Visibility of Frames
+@cindex visible frame
+@cindex invisible frame
+@cindex iconified frame
+@cindex frame visibility
+
+A window frame may be @dfn{visible}, @dfn{invisible}, or
+@dfn{iconified}.  If it is visible, you can see its contents, unless
+other windows cover it.  If it is iconified, the frame's contents do
+not appear on the screen, but an icon does.  If the frame is
+invisible, it doesn't show on the screen, not even as an icon.
+
+Visibility is meaningless for terminal frames, since only the selected
+one is actually displayed in any case.
+
+@deffn Command make-frame-visible &optional frame
+This function makes frame @var{frame} visible.  If you omit
+@var{frame}, it makes the selected frame visible.  This does not raise
+the frame, but you can do that with @code{raise-frame} if you wish
+(@pxref{Raising and Lowering}).
+@end deffn
+
+@deffn Command make-frame-invisible &optional frame force
+This function makes frame @var{frame} invisible.  If you omit
+@var{frame}, it makes the selected frame invisible.
+
+Unless @var{force} is non-@code{nil}, this function refuses to make
+@var{frame} invisible if all other frames are invisible..
+@end deffn
+
+@deffn Command iconify-frame &optional frame
+This function iconifies frame @var{frame}.  If you omit @var{frame}, it
+iconifies the selected frame.
+@end deffn
+
+@defun frame-visible-p frame
+This returns the visibility status of frame @var{frame}.  The value is
+@code{t} if @var{frame} is visible, @code{nil} if it is invisible, and
+@code{icon} if it is iconified.
+
+On a text-only terminal, all frames are considered visible, whether
+they are currently being displayed or not, and this function returns
+@code{t} for all frames.
+@end defun
+
+  The visibility status of a frame is also available as a frame
+parameter.  You can read or change it as such.  @xref{Management
+Parameters}.
+
+  The user can iconify and deiconify frames with the window manager.
+This happens below the level at which Emacs can exert any control, but
+Emacs does provide events that you can use to keep track of such
+changes.  @xref{Misc Events}.
+
+@node Raising and Lowering
+@section Raising and Lowering Frames
+
+  Most window systems use a desktop metaphor.  Part of this metaphor is
+the idea that windows are stacked in a notional third dimension
+perpendicular to the screen surface, and thus ordered from ``highest''
+to ``lowest.''  Where two windows overlap, the one higher up covers
+the one underneath.  Even a window at the bottom of the stack can be
+seen if no other window overlaps it.
+
+@c @cindex raising a frame  redundant with raise-frame
+@cindex lowering a frame
+  A window's place in this ordering is not fixed; in fact, users tend
+to change the order frequently.  @dfn{Raising} a window means moving
+it ``up,'' to the top of the stack.  @dfn{Lowering} a window means
+moving it to the bottom of the stack.  This motion is in the notional
+third dimension only, and does not change the position of the window
+on the screen.
+
+  You can raise and lower Emacs frame Windows with these functions:
+
+@deffn Command raise-frame &optional frame
+This function raises frame @var{frame} (default, the selected frame).
+If @var{frame} is invisible or iconified, this makes it visible.
+@end deffn
+
+@deffn Command lower-frame &optional frame
+This function lowers frame @var{frame} (default, the selected frame).
+@end deffn
+
+@defopt minibuffer-auto-raise
+If this is non-@code{nil}, activation of the minibuffer raises the frame
+that the minibuffer window is in.
+@end defopt
+
+You can also enable auto-raise (raising automatically when a frame is
+selected) or auto-lower (lowering automatically when it is deselected)
+for any frame using frame parameters.  @xref{Management Parameters}.
+
+@node Frame Configurations
+@section Frame Configurations
+@cindex frame configuration
+
+  A @dfn{frame configuration} records the current arrangement of frames,
+all their properties, and the window configuration of each one.
+(@xref{Window Configurations}.)
+
+@defun current-frame-configuration
+This function returns a frame configuration list that describes
+the current arrangement of frames and their contents.
+@end defun
+
+@defun set-frame-configuration configuration &optional nodelete
+This function restores the state of frames described in
+@var{configuration}.  However, this function does not restore deleted
+frames.
+
+Ordinarily, this function deletes all existing frames not listed in
+@var{configuration}.  But if @var{nodelete} is non-@code{nil}, the
+unwanted frames are iconified instead.
+@end defun
+
+@node Mouse Tracking
+@section Mouse Tracking
+@cindex mouse tracking
+@c @cindex tracking the mouse   Duplicates track-mouse
+
+  Sometimes it is useful to @dfn{track} the mouse, which means to display
+something to indicate where the mouse is and move the indicator as the
+mouse moves.  For efficient mouse tracking, you need a way to wait until
+the mouse actually moves.
+
+  The convenient way to track the mouse is to ask for events to represent
+mouse motion.  Then you can wait for motion by waiting for an event.  In
+addition, you can easily handle any other sorts of events that may
+occur.  That is useful, because normally you don't want to track the
+mouse forever---only until some other event, such as the release of a
+button.
+
+@defspec track-mouse body@dots{}
+This special form executes @var{body}, with generation of mouse motion
+events enabled.  Typically @var{body} would use @code{read-event} to
+read the motion events and modify the display accordingly.  @xref{Motion
+Events}, for the format of mouse motion events.
+
+The value of @code{track-mouse} is that of the last form in @var{body}.
+You should design @var{body} to return when it sees the up-event that
+indicates the release of the button, or whatever kind of event means
+it is time to stop tracking.
+@end defspec
+
+The usual purpose of tracking mouse motion is to indicate on the screen
+the consequences of pushing or releasing a button at the current
+position.
+
+In many cases, you can avoid the need to track the mouse by using
+the @code{mouse-face} text property (@pxref{Special Properties}).
+That works at a much lower level and runs more smoothly than
+Lisp-level mouse tracking.
+
+@ignore
+@c These are not implemented yet.
+
+These functions change the screen appearance instantaneously.  The
+effect is transient, only until the next ordinary Emacs redisplay.  That
+is OK for mouse tracking, since it doesn't make sense for mouse tracking
+to change the text, and the body of @code{track-mouse} normally reads
+the events itself and does not do redisplay.
+
+@defun x-contour-region window beg end
+This function draws lines to make a box around the text from @var{beg}
+to @var{end}, in window @var{window}.
+@end defun
+
+@defun x-uncontour-region window beg end
+This function erases the lines that would make a box around the text
+from @var{beg} to @var{end}, in window @var{window}.  Use it to remove
+a contour that you previously made by calling @code{x-contour-region}.
+@end defun
+
+@defun x-draw-rectangle frame left top right bottom
+This function draws a hollow rectangle on frame @var{frame} with the
+specified edge coordinates, all measured in pixels from the inside top
+left corner.  It uses the cursor color, the one used for indicating the
+location of point.
+@end defun
+
+@defun x-erase-rectangle frame left top right bottom
+This function erases a hollow rectangle on frame @var{frame} with the
+specified edge coordinates, all measured in pixels from the inside top
+left corner.  Erasure means redrawing the text and background that
+normally belong in the specified rectangle.
+@end defun
+@end ignore
+
+@node Mouse Position
+@section Mouse Position
+@cindex mouse position
+@cindex position of mouse
+
+  The functions @code{mouse-position} and @code{set-mouse-position}
+give access to the current position of the mouse.
+
+@defun mouse-position
+This function returns a description of the position of the mouse.  The
+value looks like @code{(@var{frame} @var{x} . @var{y})}, where @var{x}
+and @var{y} are integers giving the position in characters relative to
+the top left corner of the inside of @var{frame}.
+@end defun
+
+@defvar mouse-position-function
+If non-@code{nil}, the value of this variable is a function for
+@code{mouse-position} to call.  @code{mouse-position} calls this
+function just before returning, with its normal return value as the
+sole argument, and it returns whatever this function returns to it.
+
+This abnormal hook exists for the benefit of packages like
+@file{xt-mouse.el} that need to do mouse handling at the Lisp level.
+@end defvar
+
+@defun set-mouse-position frame x y
+This function @dfn{warps the mouse} to position @var{x}, @var{y} in
+frame @var{frame}.  The arguments @var{x} and @var{y} are integers,
+giving the position in characters relative to the top left corner of the
+inside of @var{frame}.  If @var{frame} is not visible, this function
+does nothing.  The return value is not significant.
+@end defun
+
+@defun mouse-pixel-position
+This function is like @code{mouse-position} except that it returns
+coordinates in units of pixels rather than units of characters.
+@end defun
+
+@defun set-mouse-pixel-position frame x y
+This function warps the mouse like @code{set-mouse-position} except that
+@var{x} and @var{y} are in units of pixels rather than units of
+characters.  These coordinates are not required to be within the frame.
+
+If @var{frame} is not visible, this function does nothing.  The return
+value is not significant.
+@end defun
+
+@need 3000
+
+@node Pop-Up Menus
+@section Pop-Up Menus
+
+  When using a window system, a Lisp program can pop up a menu so that
+the user can choose an alternative with the mouse.
+
+@defun x-popup-menu position menu
+This function displays a pop-up menu and returns an indication of
+what selection the user makes.
+
+The argument @var{position} specifies where on the screen to put the
+top left corner of the menu.  It can be either a mouse button event
+(which says to put the menu where the user actuated the button) or a
+list of this form:
+
+@example
+((@var{xoffset} @var{yoffset}) @var{window})
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+where @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} are coordinates, measured in
+pixels, counting from the top left corner of @var{window}.  @var{window}
+may be a window or a frame.
+
+If @var{position} is @code{t}, it means to use the current mouse
+position.  If @var{position} is @code{nil}, it means to precompute the
+key binding equivalents for the keymaps specified in @var{menu},
+without actually displaying or popping up the menu.
+
+The argument @var{menu} says what to display in the menu.  It can be a
+keymap or a list of keymaps (@pxref{Menu Keymaps}).  In this case, the
+return value is the list of events corresponding to the user's choice.
+(This list has more than one element if the choice occurred in a
+submenu.)  Note that @code{x-popup-menu} does not actually execute the
+command bound to that sequence of events.
+
+Alternatively, @var{menu} can have the following form:
+
+@example
+(@var{title} @var{pane1} @var{pane2}...)
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+where each pane is a list of form
+
+@example
+(@var{title} @var{item1} @var{item2}...)
+@end example
+
+Each item should normally be a cons cell @code{(@var{line} . @var{value})},
+where @var{line} is a string, and @var{value} is the value to return if
+that @var{line} is chosen.  An item can also be a string; this makes a
+non-selectable line in the menu.
+
+If the user gets rid of the menu without making a valid choice, for
+instance by clicking the mouse away from a valid choice or by typing
+keyboard input, then this normally results in a quit and
+@code{x-popup-menu} does not return.  But if @var{position} is a mouse
+button event (indicating that the user invoked the menu with the
+mouse) then no quit occurs and @code{x-popup-menu} returns @code{nil}.
+@end defun
+
+  @strong{Usage note:} Don't use @code{x-popup-menu} to display a menu
+if you could do the job with a prefix key defined with a menu keymap.
+If you use a menu keymap to implement a menu, @kbd{C-h c} and @kbd{C-h
+a} can see the individual items in that menu and provide help for them.
+If instead you implement the menu by defining a command that calls
+@code{x-popup-menu}, the help facilities cannot know what happens inside
+that command, so they cannot give any help for the menu's items.
+
+  The menu bar mechanism, which lets you switch between submenus by
+moving the mouse, cannot look within the definition of a command to see
+that it calls @code{x-popup-menu}.  Therefore, if you try to implement a
+submenu using @code{x-popup-menu}, it cannot work with the menu bar in
+an integrated fashion.  This is why all menu bar submenus are
+implemented with menu keymaps within the parent menu, and never with
+@code{x-popup-menu}.  @xref{Menu Bar}.
+
+  If you want a menu bar submenu to have contents that vary, you should
+still use a menu keymap to implement it.  To make the contents vary, add
+a hook function to @code{menu-bar-update-hook} to update the contents of
+the menu keymap as necessary.
+
+@node Dialog Boxes
+@section Dialog Boxes
+@cindex dialog boxes
+
+  A dialog box is a variant of a pop-up menu---it looks a little
+different, it always appears in the center of a frame, and it has just
+one level and one or more buttons.  The main use of dialog boxes is
+for asking questions that the user can answer with ``yes,'' ``no,''
+and a few other alternatives.  With a single button, they can also
+force the user to acknowledge important information.  The functions
+@code{y-or-n-p} and @code{yes-or-no-p} use dialog boxes instead of the
+keyboard, when called from commands invoked by mouse clicks.
+
+@defun x-popup-dialog position contents &optional header
+This function displays a pop-up dialog box and returns an indication of
+what selection the user makes.  The argument @var{contents} specifies
+the alternatives to offer; it has this format:
+
+@example
+(@var{title} (@var{string} . @var{value})@dots{})
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+which looks like the list that specifies a single pane for
+@code{x-popup-menu}.
+
+The return value is @var{value} from the chosen alternative.
+
+As for @code{x-popup-menu}, an element of the list may be just a
+string instead of a cons cell @code{(@var{string} . @var{value})}.
+That makes a box that cannot be selected.
+
+If @code{nil} appears in the list, it separates the left-hand items from
+the right-hand items; items that precede the @code{nil} appear on the
+left, and items that follow the @code{nil} appear on the right.  If you
+don't include a @code{nil} in the list, then approximately half the
+items appear on each side.
+
+Dialog boxes always appear in the center of a frame; the argument
+@var{position} specifies which frame.  The possible values are as in
+@code{x-popup-menu}, but the precise coordinates or the individual
+window don't matter; only the frame matters.
+
+If @var{header} is non-@code{nil}, the frame title for the box is
+@samp{Information}, otherwise it is @samp{Question}.  The former is used
+for @code{message-box} (@pxref{message-box}).
+
+In some configurations, Emacs cannot display a real dialog box; so
+instead it displays the same items in a pop-up menu in the center of the
+frame.
+
+If the user gets rid of the dialog box without making a valid choice,
+for instance using the window manager, then this produces a quit and
+@code{x-popup-dialog} does not return.
+@end defun
+
+@node Pointer Shape
+@section Pointer Shape
+@cindex pointer shape
+@cindex mouse pointer shape
+
+  You can specify the mouse pointer style for particular text or
+images using the @code{pointer} text property, and for images with the
+@code{:pointer} and @code{:map} image properties.  The values you can
+use in these properties are @code{text} (or @code{nil}), @code{arrow},
+@code{hand}, @code{vdrag}, @code{hdrag}, @code{modeline}, and
+@code{hourglass}.  @code{text} stands for the usual mouse pointer
+style used over text.
+
+  Over void parts of the window (parts that do not correspond to any
+of the buffer contents), the mouse pointer usually uses the
+@code{arrow} style, but you can specify a different style (one of
+those above) by setting @code{void-text-area-pointer}.
+
+@defvar void-text-area-pointer
+This variable specifies the mouse pointer style for void text areas.
+These include the areas after the end of a line or below the last line
+in the buffer.  The default is to use the @code{arrow} (non-text)
+pointer style.
+@end defvar
+
+  You can specify what the @code{text} pointer style really looks like
+by setting the variable @code{x-pointer-shape}.
+
+@defvar x-pointer-shape
+This variable specifies the pointer shape to use ordinarily in the
+Emacs frame, for the @code{text} pointer style.
+@end defvar
+
+@defvar x-sensitive-text-pointer-shape
+This variable specifies the pointer shape to use when the mouse
+is over mouse-sensitive text.
+@end defvar
+
+  These variables affect newly created frames.  They do not normally
+affect existing frames; however, if you set the mouse color of a
+frame, that also installs the current value of those two variables.
+@xref{Color Parameters}.
+
+  The values you can use, to specify either of these pointer shapes, are
+defined in the file @file{lisp/term/x-win.el}.  Use @kbd{M-x apropos
+@key{RET} x-pointer @key{RET}} to see a list of them.
+
+@node Window System Selections
+@section Window System Selections
+@cindex selection (for window systems)
+
+The X server records a set of @dfn{selections} which permit transfer of
+data between application programs.  The various selections are
+distinguished by @dfn{selection types}, represented in Emacs by
+symbols.  X clients including Emacs can read or set the selection for
+any given type.
+
+@deffn Command x-set-selection type data
+This function sets a ``selection'' in the X server.  It takes two
+arguments: a selection type @var{type}, and the value to assign to it,
+@var{data}.  If @var{data} is @code{nil}, it means to clear out the
+selection.  Otherwise, @var{data} may be a string, a symbol, an integer
+(or a cons of two integers or list of two integers), an overlay, or a
+cons of two markers pointing to the same buffer.  An overlay or a pair
+of markers stands for text in the overlay or between the markers.
+
+The argument @var{data} may also be a vector of valid non-vector
+selection values.
+
+Each possible @var{type} has its own selection value, which changes
+independently.  The usual values of @var{type} are @code{PRIMARY},
+@code{SECONDARY} and @code{CLIPBOARD}; these are symbols with upper-case
+names, in accord with X Window System conventions.  If @var{type} is
+@code{nil}, that stands for @code{PRIMARY}.
+
+This function returns @var{data}.
+@end deffn
+
+@defun x-get-selection &optional type data-type
+This function accesses selections set up by Emacs or by other X
+clients.  It takes two optional arguments, @var{type} and
+@var{data-type}.  The default for @var{type}, the selection type, is
+@code{PRIMARY}.
+
+The @var{data-type} argument specifies the form of data conversion to
+use, to convert the raw data obtained from another X client into Lisp
+data.  Meaningful values include @code{TEXT}, @code{STRING},
+@code{UTF8_STRING}, @code{TARGETS}, @code{LENGTH}, @code{DELETE},
+@code{FILE_NAME}, @code{CHARACTER_POSITION}, @code{NAME},
+@code{LINE_NUMBER}, @code{COLUMN_NUMBER}, @code{OWNER_OS},
+@code{HOST_NAME}, @code{USER}, @code{CLASS}, @code{ATOM}, and
+@code{INTEGER}.  (These are symbols with upper-case names in accord
+with X conventions.)  The default for @var{data-type} is
+@code{STRING}.
+@end defun
+
+@cindex cut buffer
+The X server also has a set of eight numbered @dfn{cut buffers} which can
+store text or other data being moved between applications.  Cut buffers
+are considered obsolete, but Emacs supports them for the sake of X
+clients that still use them.  Cut buffers are numbered from 0 to 7.
+
+@defun x-get-cut-buffer &optional n
+This function returns the contents of cut buffer number @var{n}.
+If omitted @var{n} defaults to 0.
+@end defun
+
+@defun x-set-cut-buffer string &optional push
+@anchor{Definition of x-set-cut-buffer}
+This function stores @var{string} into the first cut buffer (cut buffer
+0).  If @var{push} is @code{nil}, only the first cut buffer is changed.
+If @var{push} is non-@code{nil}, that says to move the values down
+through the series of cut buffers, much like the way successive kills in
+Emacs move down the kill ring.  In other words, the previous value of
+the first cut buffer moves into the second cut buffer, and the second to
+the third, and so on through all eight cut buffers.
+@end defun
+
+@defvar selection-coding-system
+This variable specifies the coding system to use when reading and
+writing selections or the clipboard.  @xref{Coding
+Systems}.  The default is @code{compound-text-with-extensions}, which
+converts to the text representation that X11 normally uses.
+@end defvar
+
+@cindex clipboard support (for MS-Windows)
+When Emacs runs on MS-Windows, it does not implement X selections in
+general, but it does support the clipboard.  @code{x-get-selection}
+and @code{x-set-selection} on MS-Windows support the text data type
+only; if the clipboard holds other types of data, Emacs treats the
+clipboard as empty.
+
+@cindex scrap support (for Mac OS)
+On Mac OS, selection-like data transfer between applications is
+performed through a mechanism called @dfn{scraps}.  The clipboard is a
+particular scrap named @code{com.apple.scrap.clipboard}.  Types of scrap
+data are called @dfn{scrap flavor types}, which are identified by
+four-char codes such as @code{TEXT}.  Emacs associates a selection with
+a scrap, and a selection type with a scrap flavor type via
+@code{mac-scrap-name} and @code{mac-ostype} properties, respectively.
+
+@example
+(get 'CLIPBOARD 'mac-scrap-name)
+     @result{} "com.apple.scrap.clipboard"
+(get 'com.apple.traditional-mac-plain-text 'mac-ostype)
+     @result{} "TEXT"
+@end example
+
+Conventionally, selection types for scrap flavor types on Mac OS have
+the form of @acronym{UTI, Uniform Type Identifier} such as
+@code{com.apple.traditional-mac-plain-text},
+@code{public.utf16-plain-text}, and @code{public.file-url}.
+
+@defopt x-select-enable-clipboard
+If this is non-@code{nil}, the Emacs yank functions consult the
+clipboard before the primary selection, and the kill functions store in
+the clipboard as well as the primary selection.  Otherwise they do not
+access the clipboard at all.  The default is @code{nil} on most systems,
+but @code{t} on MS-Windows and Mac.
+@end defopt
+
+@node Drag and Drop
+@section Drag and Drop
+
+@vindex x-dnd-test-function
+@vindex x-dnd-known-types
+  When a user drags something from another application over Emacs, that other
+application expects Emacs to tell it if Emacs can handle the data that is
+dragged.  The variable @code{x-dnd-test-function} is used by Emacs to determine
+what to reply.  The default value is @code{x-dnd-default-test-function}
+which accepts drops if the type of the data to be dropped is present in
+@code{x-dnd-known-types}.  You can customize @code{x-dnd-test-function} and/or
+@code{x-dnd-known-types} if you want Emacs to accept or reject drops based
+on some other criteria.
+
+@vindex x-dnd-types-alist
+  If you want to change the way Emacs handles drop of different types
+or add a new type, customize @code{x-dnd-types-alist}.  This requires
+detailed knowledge of what types other applications use for drag and
+drop.
+
+@vindex dnd-protocol-alist
+  When an URL is dropped on Emacs it may be a file, but it may also be
+another URL type (ftp, http, etc.).  Emacs first checks
+@code{dnd-protocol-alist} to determine what to do with the URL.  If
+there is no match there and if @code{browse-url-browser-function} is
+an alist, Emacs looks for a match there.  If no match is found the
+text for the URL is inserted.  If you want to alter Emacs behavior,
+you can customize these variables.
+
+@node Color Names
+@section Color Names
+
+@cindex color names
+@cindex specify color
+@cindex numerical RGB color specification
+  A color name is text (usually in a string) that specifies a color.
+Symbolic names such as @samp{black}, @samp{white}, @samp{red}, etc.,
+are allowed; use @kbd{M-x list-colors-display} to see a list of
+defined names.  You can also specify colors numerically in forms such
+as @samp{#@var{rgb}} and @samp{RGB:@var{r}/@var{g}/@var{b}}, where
+@var{r} specifies the red level, @var{g} specifies the green level,
+and @var{b} specifies the blue level.  You can use either one, two,
+three, or four hex digits for @var{r}; then you must use the same
+number of hex digits for all @var{g} and @var{b} as well, making
+either 3, 6, 9 or 12 hex digits in all.  (See the documentation of the
+X Window System for more details about numerical RGB specification of
+colors.)
+
+  These functions provide a way to determine which color names are
+valid, and what they look like.  In some cases, the value depends on the
+@dfn{selected frame}, as described below; see @ref{Input Focus}, for the
+meaning of the term ``selected frame.''
+
+@defun color-defined-p color &optional frame
+This function reports whether a color name is meaningful.  It returns
+@code{t} if so; otherwise, @code{nil}.  The argument @var{frame} says
+which frame's display to ask about; if @var{frame} is omitted or
+@code{nil}, the selected frame is used.
+
+Note that this does not tell you whether the display you are using
+really supports that color.  When using X, you can ask for any defined
+color on any kind of display, and you will get some result---typically,
+the closest it can do.  To determine whether a frame can really display
+a certain color, use @code{color-supported-p} (see below).
+
+@findex x-color-defined-p
+This function used to be called @code{x-color-defined-p},
+and that name is still supported as an alias.
+@end defun
+
+@defun defined-colors &optional frame
+This function returns a list of the color names that are defined
+and supported on frame @var{frame} (default, the selected frame).
+If @var{frame} does not support colors, the value is @code{nil}.
+
+@findex x-defined-colors
+This function used to be called @code{x-defined-colors},
+and that name is still supported as an alias.
+@end defun
+
+@defun color-supported-p color &optional frame background-p
+This returns @code{t} if @var{frame} can really display the color
+@var{color} (or at least something close to it).  If @var{frame} is
+omitted or @code{nil}, the question applies to the selected frame.
+
+Some terminals support a different set of colors for foreground and
+background.  If @var{background-p} is non-@code{nil}, that means you are
+asking whether @var{color} can be used as a background; otherwise you
+are asking whether it can be used as a foreground.
+
+The argument @var{color} must be a valid color name.
+@end defun
+
+@defun color-gray-p color &optional frame
+This returns @code{t} if @var{color} is a shade of gray, as defined on
+@var{frame}'s display.  If @var{frame} is omitted or @code{nil}, the
+question applies to the selected frame.  If @var{color} is not a valid
+color name, this function returns @code{nil}.
+@end defun
+
+@defun color-values color &optional frame
+@cindex rgb value
+This function returns a value that describes what @var{color} should
+ideally look like on @var{frame}.  If @var{color} is defined, the
+value is a list of three integers, which give the amount of red, the
+amount of green, and the amount of blue.  Each integer ranges in
+principle from 0 to 65535, but some displays may not use the full
+range.  This three-element list is called the @dfn{rgb values} of the
+color.
+
+If @var{color} is not defined, the value is @code{nil}.
+
+@example
+(color-values "black")
+     @result{} (0 0 0)
+(color-values "white")
+     @result{} (65280 65280 65280)
+(color-values "red")
+     @result{} (65280 0 0)
+(color-values "pink")
+     @result{} (65280 49152 51968)
+(color-values "hungry")
+     @result{} nil
+@end example
+
+The color values are returned for @var{frame}'s display.  If
+@var{frame} is omitted or @code{nil}, the information is returned for
+the selected frame's display.  If the frame cannot display colors, the
+value is @code{nil}.
+
+@findex x-color-values
+This function used to be called @code{x-color-values},
+and that name is still supported as an alias.
+@end defun
+
+@node Text Terminal Colors
+@section Text Terminal Colors
+@cindex colors on text-only terminals
+
+  Text-only terminals usually support only a small number of colors,
+and the computer uses small integers to select colors on the terminal.
+This means that the computer cannot reliably tell what the selected
+color looks like; instead, you have to inform your application which
+small integers correspond to which colors.  However, Emacs does know
+the standard set of colors and will try to use them automatically.
+
+  The functions described in this section control how terminal colors
+are used by Emacs.
+
+  Several of these functions use or return @dfn{rgb values}, described
+in @ref{Color Names}.
+
+  These functions accept a display (either a frame or the name of a
+terminal) as an optional argument.  We hope in the future to make Emacs
+support more than one text-only terminal at one time; then this argument
+will specify which terminal to operate on (the default being the
+selected frame's terminal; @pxref{Input Focus}).  At present, though,
+the @var{frame} argument has no effect.
+
+@defun tty-color-define name number &optional rgb frame
+This function associates the color name @var{name} with
+color number @var{number} on the terminal.
+
+The optional argument @var{rgb}, if specified, is an rgb value, a list
+of three numbers that specify what the color actually looks like.
+If you do not specify @var{rgb}, then this color cannot be used by
+@code{tty-color-approximate} to approximate other colors, because
+Emacs will not know what it looks like.
+@end defun
+
+@defun tty-color-clear &optional frame
+This function clears the table of defined colors for a text-only terminal.
+@end defun
+
+@defun tty-color-alist &optional frame
+This function returns an alist recording the known colors supported by a
+text-only terminal.
+
+Each element has the form @code{(@var{name} @var{number} . @var{rgb})}
+or @code{(@var{name} @var{number})}.  Here, @var{name} is the color
+name, @var{number} is the number used to specify it to the terminal.
+If present, @var{rgb} is a list of three color values (for red, green,
+and blue) that says what the color actually looks like.
+@end defun
+
+@defun tty-color-approximate rgb &optional frame
+This function finds the closest color, among the known colors
+supported for @var{display}, to that described by the rgb value
+@var{rgb} (a list of color values).  The return value is an element of
+@code{tty-color-alist}.
+@end defun
+
+@defun tty-color-translate color &optional frame
+This function finds the closest color to @var{color} among the known
+colors supported for @var{display} and returns its index (an integer).
+If the name @var{color} is not defined, the value is @code{nil}.
+@end defun
+
+@node Resources
+@section X Resources
+
+@defun x-get-resource attribute class &optional component subclass
+The function @code{x-get-resource} retrieves a resource value from the X
+Window defaults database.
+
+Resources are indexed by a combination of a @dfn{key} and a @dfn{class}.
+This function searches using a key of the form
+@samp{@var{instance}.@var{attribute}} (where @var{instance} is the name
+under which Emacs was invoked), and using @samp{Emacs.@var{class}} as
+the class.
+
+The optional arguments @var{component} and @var{subclass} add to the key
+and the class, respectively.  You must specify both of them or neither.
+If you specify them, the key is
+@samp{@var{instance}.@var{component}.@var{attribute}}, and the class is
+@samp{Emacs.@var{class}.@var{subclass}}.
+@end defun
+
+@defvar x-resource-class
+This variable specifies the application name that @code{x-get-resource}
+should look up.  The default value is @code{"Emacs"}.  You can examine X
+resources for application names other than ``Emacs'' by binding this
+variable to some other string, around a call to @code{x-get-resource}.
+@end defvar
+
+@defvar x-resource-name
+This variable specifies the instance name that @code{x-get-resource}
+should look up.  The default value is the name Emacs was invoked with,
+or the value specified with the @samp{-name} or @samp{-rn} switches.
+@end defvar
+
+To illustrate some of the above, suppose that you have the line:
+
+@example
+xterm.vt100.background: yellow
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+in your X resources file (whose name is usually @file{~/.Xdefaults}
+or @file{~/.Xresources}).  Then:
+
+@example
+@group
+(let ((x-resource-class "XTerm") (x-resource-name "xterm"))
+  (x-get-resource "vt100.background" "VT100.Background"))
+     @result{} "yellow"
+@end group
+@group
+(let ((x-resource-class "XTerm") (x-resource-name "xterm"))
+  (x-get-resource "background" "VT100" "vt100" "Background"))
+     @result{} "yellow"
+@end group
+@end example
+
+  @xref{X Resources,, X Resources, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}.
+
+@node Display Feature Testing
+@section Display Feature Testing
+@cindex display feature testing
+
+  The functions in this section describe the basic capabilities of a
+particular display.  Lisp programs can use them to adapt their behavior
+to what the display can do.  For example, a program that ordinarily uses
+a popup menu could use the minibuffer if popup menus are not supported.
+
+  The optional argument @var{display} in these functions specifies which
+display to ask the question about.  It can be a display name, a frame
+(which designates the display that frame is on), or @code{nil} (which
+refers to the selected frame's display, @pxref{Input Focus}).
+
+  @xref{Color Names}, @ref{Text Terminal Colors}, for other functions to
+obtain information about displays.
+
+@defun display-popup-menus-p &optional display
+This function returns @code{t} if popup menus are supported on
+@var{display}, @code{nil} if not.  Support for popup menus requires that
+the mouse be available, since the user cannot choose menu items without
+a mouse.
+@end defun
+
+@defun display-graphic-p &optional display
+This function returns @code{t} if @var{display} is a graphic display
+capable of displaying several frames and several different fonts at
+once.  This is true for displays that use a window system such as X, and
+false for text-only terminals.
+@end defun
+
+@defun display-mouse-p &optional display
+@cindex mouse, availability
+This function returns @code{t} if @var{display} has a mouse available,
+@code{nil} if not.
+@end defun
+
+@defun display-color-p &optional display
+@findex x-display-color-p
+This function returns @code{t} if the screen is a color screen.
+It used to be called @code{x-display-color-p}, and that name
+is still supported as an alias.
+@end defun
+
+@defun display-grayscale-p &optional display
+This function returns @code{t} if the screen can display shades of gray.
+(All color displays can do this.)
+@end defun
+
+@defun display-supports-face-attributes-p attributes &optional display
+@anchor{Display Face Attribute Testing}
+This function returns non-@code{nil} if all the face attributes in
+@var{attributes} are supported (@pxref{Face Attributes}).
+
+The definition of `supported' is somewhat heuristic, but basically
+means that a face containing all the attributes in @var{attributes},
+when merged with the default face for display, can be represented in a
+way that's
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+different in appearance than the default face, and
+
+@item
+`close in spirit' to what the attributes specify, if not exact.
+@end enumerate
+
+Point (2) implies that a @code{:weight black} attribute will be
+satisfied by any display that can display bold, as will
+@code{:foreground "yellow"} as long as some yellowish color can be
+displayed, but @code{:slant italic} will @emph{not} be satisfied by
+the tty display code's automatic substitution of a `dim' face for
+italic.
+@end defun
+
+@defun display-selections-p &optional display
+This function returns @code{t} if @var{display} supports selections.
+Windowed displays normally support selections, but they may also be
+supported in some other cases.
+@end defun
+
+@defun display-images-p &optional display
+This function returns @code{t} if @var{display} can display images.
+Windowed displays ought in principle to handle images, but some
+systems lack the support for that.  On a display that does not support
+images, Emacs cannot display a tool bar.
+@end defun
+
+@defun display-screens &optional display
+This function returns the number of screens associated with the display.
+@end defun
+
+@defun display-pixel-height &optional display
+This function returns the height of the screen in pixels.
+On a character terminal, it gives the height in characters.
+
+For graphical terminals, note that on ``multi-monitor'' setups this
+refers to the pixel width for all physical monitors associated with
+@var{display}.  @xref{Multiple Displays}.
+@end defun
+
+@defun display-pixel-width &optional display
+This function returns the width of the screen in pixels.
+On a character terminal, it gives the width in characters.
+
+For graphical terminals, note that on ``multi-monitor'' setups this
+refers to the pixel width for all physical monitors associated with
+@var{display}.  @xref{Multiple Displays}.
+@end defun
+
+@defun display-mm-height &optional display
+This function returns the height of the screen in millimeters,
+or @code{nil} if Emacs cannot get that information.
+@end defun
+
+@defun display-mm-width &optional display
+This function returns the width of the screen in millimeters,
+or @code{nil} if Emacs cannot get that information.
+@end defun
+
+@defvar display-mm-dimensions-alist
+This variable allows the user to specify the dimensions of graphical
+displays returned by @code{display-mm-height} and
+@code{display-mm-width} in case the system provides incorrect values.
+@end defvar
+
+@defun display-backing-store &optional display
+This function returns the backing store capability of the display.
+Backing store means recording the pixels of windows (and parts of
+windows) that are not exposed, so that when exposed they can be
+displayed very quickly.
+
+Values can be the symbols @code{always}, @code{when-mapped}, or
+@code{not-useful}.  The function can also return @code{nil}
+when the question is inapplicable to a certain kind of display.
+@end defun
+
+@defun display-save-under &optional display
+This function returns non-@code{nil} if the display supports the
+SaveUnder feature.  That feature is used by pop-up windows
+to save the pixels they obscure, so that they can pop down
+quickly.
+@end defun
+
+@defun display-planes &optional display
+This function returns the number of planes the display supports.
+This is typically the number of bits per pixel.
+For a tty display, it is log to base two of the number of colors supported.
+@end defun
+
+@defun display-visual-class &optional display
+This function returns the visual class for the screen.  The value is one
+of the symbols @code{static-gray}, @code{gray-scale},
+@code{static-color}, @code{pseudo-color}, @code{true-color}, and
+@code{direct-color}.
+@end defun
+
+@defun display-color-cells &optional display
+This function returns the number of color cells the screen supports.
+@end defun
+
+  These functions obtain additional information specifically
+about X displays.
+
+@defun x-server-version &optional display
+This function returns the list of version numbers of the X server
+running the display.  The value is a list of three integers: the major
+and minor version numbers of the X protocol, and the
+distributor-specific release number of the X server software itself.
+@end defun
+
+@defun x-server-vendor &optional display
+This function returns the ``vendor'' that provided the X server
+software (as a string).  Really this means whoever distributes the X
+server.
+
+When the developers of X labelled software distributors as
+``vendors,'' they showed their false assumption that no system could
+ever be developed and distributed noncommercially.
+@end defun
+
+@ignore
+@defvar x-no-window-manager
+This variable's value is @code{t} if no X window manager is in use.
+@end defvar
+@end ignore
+
+@ignore
+@item
+The functions @code{x-pixel-width} and @code{x-pixel-height} return the
+width and height of an X Window frame, measured in pixels.
+@end ignore
+
+@ignore
+   arch-tag: 94977df6-3dca-4730-b57b-c6329e9282ba
+@end ignore