Mercurial > emacs
changeset 75615:fe256e8523f2
(Top): Update the top-level menus.
| author | Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Fri, 02 Feb 2007 18:00:19 +0000 |
| parents | 12d53d9264ba |
| children | 60666b52ce43 |
| files | lispref/elisp.texi |
| diffstat | 1 files changed, 341 insertions(+), 48 deletions(-) [+] |
line wrap: on
line diff
--- a/lispref/elisp.texi Fri Feb 02 16:42:31 2007 +0000 +++ b/lispref/elisp.texi Fri Feb 02 18:00:19 2007 +0000 @@ -196,8 +196,10 @@ Format of Descriptions -* A Sample Function Description:: -* A Sample Variable Description:: +* A Sample Function Description:: A description of an imaginary + function, @code{foo}. +* A Sample Variable Description:: A description of an imaginary + variable, @code{electric-future-map}. Lisp Data Types @@ -233,20 +235,35 @@ * Autoload Type:: A type used for automatically loading seldom-used functions. +Character Type + +* Basic Char Syntax:: Syntax for regular characters. +* General Escape Syntax:: How to specify characters by their codes. +* Ctl-Char Syntax:: Syntax for control characters. +* Meta-Char Syntax:: Syntax for meta-characters. +* Other Char Bits:: Syntax for hyper-, super-, and alt-characters. + Cons Cell and List Types * Box Diagrams:: Drawing pictures of lists. * Dotted Pair Notation:: An alternative syntax for lists. * Association List Type:: A specially constructed list. +String Type + +* Syntax for Strings:: How to specify Lisp strings. +* Non-ASCII in Strings:: International characters in strings. +* Nonprinting Characters:: Literal unprintable characters in strings. +* Text Props and Strings:: Strings with text properties. + Editing Types * Buffer Type:: The basic object of editing. * Marker Type:: A position in a buffer. * Window Type:: What makes buffers visible. * Frame Type:: Windows subdivide frames. -* Window Configuration Type::Save what the screen looks like. -* Frame Configuration Type::Recording the status of all frames. +* Window Configuration Type:: Recording the way a frame is subdivided. +* Frame Configuration Type:: Recording the status of all frames. * Process Type:: A process running on the underlying OS. * Stream Type:: Receive or send characters. * Keymap Type:: What function a keystroke invokes. @@ -254,16 +271,16 @@ Numbers -* Integer Basics:: Representation and range of integers. -* Float Basics:: Representation and range of floating point. -* Predicates on Numbers:: Testing for numbers. -* Comparison of Numbers:: Equality and inequality predicates. -* Numeric Conversions:: Converting float to integer and vice versa. -* Arithmetic Operations:: How to add, subtract, multiply and divide. -* Rounding Operations:: Explicitly rounding floating point numbers. -* Bitwise Operations:: Logical and, or, not, shifting. -* Math Functions:: Trig, exponential and logarithmic functions. -* Random Numbers:: Obtaining random integers, predictable or not. +* Integer Basics:: Representation and range of integers. +* Float Basics:: Representation and range of floating point. +* Predicates on Numbers:: Testing for numbers. +* Comparison of Numbers:: Equality and inequality predicates. +* Numeric Conversions:: Converting float to integer and vice versa. +* Arithmetic Operations:: How to add, subtract, multiply and divide. +* Rounding Operations:: Explicitly rounding floating point numbers. +* Bitwise Operations:: Logical and, or, not, shifting. +* Math Functions:: Trig, exponential and logarithmic functions. +* Random Numbers:: Obtaining random integers, predictable or not. Strings and Characters @@ -272,10 +289,10 @@ * Creating Strings:: Functions to allocate new strings. * Modifying Strings:: Altering the contents of an existing string. * Text Comparison:: Comparing characters or strings. -* String Conversion:: Converting characters or strings and vice versa. +* String Conversion:: Converting characters to strings and vice versa. * Formatting Strings:: @code{format}: Emacs's analogue of @code{printf}. * Case Conversion:: Case conversion functions. -* Case Tables:: Customizing case conversion. +* Case Tables:: Customizing case conversion. Lists @@ -283,6 +300,7 @@ * List-related Predicates:: Is this object a list? Comparing two lists. * List Elements:: Extracting the pieces of a list. * Building Lists:: Creating list structure. +* List Variables:: Modifying lists stored in variables. * Modifying Lists:: Storing new pieces into an existing list. * Sets And Lists:: A list can represent a finite mathematical set. * Association Lists:: A list can represent a finite relation or mapping. @@ -300,7 +318,7 @@ * Sequence Functions:: Functions that accept any kind of sequence. * Arrays:: Characteristics of arrays in Emacs Lisp. * Array Functions:: Functions specifically for arrays. -* Vectors:: Functions specifically for vectors. +* Vectors:: Special characteristics of Emacs Lisp vectors. * Vector Functions:: Functions specifically for vectors. * Char-Tables:: How to work with char-tables. * Bool-Vectors:: How to work with bool-vectors. @@ -321,6 +339,13 @@ * Property Lists:: Each symbol has a property list for recording miscellaneous information. +Property Lists + +* Plists and Alists:: Comparison of the advantages of property + lists and association lists. +* Symbol Plists:: Functions to access symbols' property lists. +* Other Plists:: Accessing property lists stored elsewhere. + Evaluation * Intro Eval:: Evaluation in the scheme of things. @@ -442,6 +467,15 @@ Don't hide the user's variables. * Indenting Macros:: Specifying how to indent macro calls. +Common Problems Using Macros + +* Wrong Time:: Do the work in the expansion, not in the macro. +* Argument Evaluation:: The expansion should evaluate each macro arg once. +* Surprising Local Vars:: Local variable bindings in the expansion + require special care. +* Eval During Expansion:: Don't evaluate them; put them in the expansion. +* Repeated Expansion:: Avoid depending on how many times expansion is done. + Writing Customization Definitions * Common Keywords:: Common keyword arguments for all kinds of @@ -450,6 +484,15 @@ * Variable Definitions:: Declaring user options. * Customization Types:: Specifying the type of a user option. +Customization Types + +* Simple Types:: Simple customization types: sexp, integer, number, + string, file, directory, alist. +* Composite Types:: Build new types from other types or data. +* Splicing into Lists:: Splice elements into list with @code{:inline}. +* Type Keywords:: Keyword-argument pairs in a customization type. +* Defining New Types:: Give your type a name. + Loading * How Programs Do Loading:: The @code{load} function and others. @@ -602,27 +645,58 @@ in various ways. * Interactive Examples:: Examples of how to read interactive arguments. +Input Events + +* Keyboard Events:: Ordinary characters--keys with symbols on them. +* Function Keys:: Function keys--keys with names, not symbols. +* Mouse Events:: Overview of mouse events. +* Click Events:: Pushing and releasing a mouse button. +* Drag Events:: Moving the mouse before releasing the button. +* Button-Down Events:: A button was pushed and not yet released. +* Repeat Events:: Double and triple click (or drag, or down). +* Motion Events:: Just moving the mouse, not pushing a button. +* Focus Events:: Moving the mouse between frames. +* Misc Events:: Other events the system can generate. +* Event Examples:: Examples of the lists for mouse events. +* Classifying Events:: Finding the modifier keys in an event symbol. +* Accessing Events:: Functions to extract info from events. +* Strings of Events:: Special considerations for putting + keyboard character events in a string. + +Reading Input + +* Key Sequence Input:: How to read one key sequence. +* Reading One Event:: How to read just one event. +* Event Mod:: How Emacs modifies events as they are read. +* Invoking the Input Method:: How reading an event uses the input method. +* Quoted Character Input:: Asking the user to specify a character. +* Event Input Misc:: How to reread or throw away input events. + Keymaps -* Key Sequences:: Key sequences as Lisp objects. -* Keymap Basics:: Basic concepts of keymaps. -* Format of Keymaps:: What a keymap looks like as a Lisp object. -* Creating Keymaps:: Functions to create and copy keymaps. -* Inheritance and Keymaps:: How one keymap can inherit the bindings - of another keymap. -* Prefix Keys:: Defining a key with a keymap as its definition. -* Active Keymaps:: Each buffer has a local keymap - to override the standard (global) bindings. - Each minor mode can also override them. -* Key Lookup:: How extracting elements from keymaps works. +* Key Sequences:: Key sequences as Lisp objects. +* Keymap Basics:: Basic concepts of keymaps. +* Format of Keymaps:: What a keymap looks like as a Lisp object. +* Creating Keymaps:: Functions to create and copy keymaps. +* Inheritance and Keymaps:: How one keymap can inherit the bindings + of another keymap. +* Prefix Keys:: Defining a key with a keymap as its definition. +* Active Keymaps:: How Emacs searches the active keymaps + for a key binding. +* Searching Keymaps:: A pseudo-Lisp summary of searching active maps. +* Controlling Active Maps:: Each buffer has a local keymap + to override the standard (global) bindings. + A minor mode can also override them. +* Key Lookup:: How extracting elements from keymaps works. * Functions for Key Lookup:: How to request key lookup. -* Changing Key Bindings:: Redefining a key in a keymap. -* Remapping Commands:: A keymap can translate one command to another. -* Key Binding Commands:: Interactive interfaces for redefining keys. -* Scanning Keymaps:: Looking through all keymaps, for printing help. -* Menu Keymaps:: A keymap can define a menu for X - or for use from the terminal. -* Standard Keymaps:: List of standard keymaps. +* Changing Key Bindings:: Redefining a key in a keymap. +* Remapping Commands:: A keymap can translate one command to another. +* Translation Keymaps:: Keymaps for translating sequences of events. +* Key Binding Commands:: Interactive interfaces for redefining keys. +* Scanning Keymaps:: Looking through all keymaps, for printing help. +* Menu Keymaps:: A keymap can define a menu for X + or for use from the terminal. +* Standard Keymaps:: List of standard keymaps. Major and Minor Modes @@ -637,6 +711,38 @@ * Desktop Save Mode:: How modes can have buffer state saved between Emacs sessions. +Menu Keymaps + +* Defining Menus:: How to make a keymap that defines a menu. +* Mouse Menus:: How users actuate the menu with the mouse. +* Keyboard Menus:: How users actuate the menu with the keyboard. +* Menu Example:: Making a simple menu. +* Menu Bar:: How to customize the menu bar. +* Tool Bar:: A tool bar is a row of images. +* Modifying Menus:: How to add new items to a menu. + +Defining Menus + +* Simple Menu Items:: A simple kind of menu key binding, + limited in capabilities. +* Extended Menu Items:: More powerful menu item definitions + let you specify keywords to enable + various features. +* Menu Separators:: Drawing a horizontal line through a menu. +* Alias Menu Items:: Using command aliases in menu items. + +Major and Minor Modes + +* Hooks:: How to use hooks; how to write code that provides hooks. +* Major Modes:: Defining major modes. +* Minor Modes:: Defining minor modes. +* Mode Line Format:: Customizing the text that appears in the mode line. +* Imenu:: How a mode can provide a menu + of definitions in the buffer. +* Font Lock Mode:: How modes can highlight text according to syntax. +* Desktop Save Mode:: How modes can have buffer state saved between + Emacs sessions. + Major Modes * Major Mode Basics:: @@ -666,6 +772,29 @@ * Header Lines:: Like a mode line, but at the top. * Emulating Mode Line:: Formatting text as the mode line would. +Font Lock Mode + +* Font Lock Basics:: Overview of customizing Font Lock. +* Search-based Fontification:: Fontification based on regexps. +* Customizing Keywords:: Customizing search-based fontification. +* Other Font Lock Variables:: Additional customization facilities. +* Levels of Font Lock:: Each mode can define alternative levels + so that the user can select more or less. +* Precalculated Fontification:: How Lisp programs that produce the buffer + contents can also specify how to fontify it. +* Faces for Font Lock:: Special faces specifically for Font Lock. +* Syntactic Font Lock:: Fontification based on syntax tables. +* Setting Syntax Properties:: Defining character syntax based on context + using the Font Lock mechanism. +* Multiline Font Lock:: How to coerce Font Lock into properly + highlighting multiline constructs. + +Multiline Font Lock Constructs + +* Font Lock Multiline:: Marking multiline chunks with a text property +* Region to Fontify:: Controlling which region gets refontified + after a buffer change. + Documentation * Documentation Basics:: Good style for doc strings. @@ -704,6 +833,7 @@ * Kinds of Files:: Is it a directory? A symbolic link? * Truenames:: Eliminating symbolic links from a file name. * File Attributes:: How large is it? Any other names? Etc. +* Locating Files:: How to find a file in standard places. File Names @@ -745,7 +875,7 @@ is visited. * Buffer Modification:: A buffer is @dfn{modified} if it needs to be saved. * Modification Time:: Determining whether the visited file was changed - "behind Emacs's back". + ``behind Emacs's back''. * Read Only Buffers:: Modifying text is not allowed in a read-only buffer. * The Buffer List:: How to look at all the existing buffers. @@ -763,7 +893,7 @@ * Selecting Windows:: The selected window is the one that you edit in. * Cyclic Window Ordering:: Moving around the existing windows. * Buffers and Windows:: Each window displays the contents of a buffer. -* Displaying Buffers:: Higher-lever functions for displaying a buffer +* Displaying Buffers:: Higher-level functions for displaying a buffer and choosing a window for it. * Choosing Window:: How to choose a window for displaying a buffer. * Window Point:: Each window has its own location of point. @@ -775,6 +905,7 @@ * Size of Window:: Accessing the size of a window. * Resizing Windows:: Changing the size of a window. * Coordinates and Windows:: Converting coordinates to windows. +* Window Tree:: The layout and sizes of all windows in a frame. * Window Configurations:: Saving and restoring the state of the screen. * Window Hooks:: Hooks for scrolling, window size changes, redisplay going past a certain point, @@ -783,7 +914,7 @@ Frames * Creating Frames:: Creating additional frames. -* Multiple Displays:: Creating frames on other X displays. +* Multiple Displays:: Creating frames on other displays. * Frame Parameters:: Controlling frame size, position, font, etc. * Frame Titles:: Automatic updating of frame titles. * Deleting Frames:: Frames last until explicitly deleted. @@ -793,7 +924,7 @@ * Minibuffers and Frames:: How a frame finds the minibuffer to use. * Input Focus:: Specifying the selected frame. * Visibility of Frames:: Frames may be visible or invisible, or icons. -* Raising and Lowering:: Raising a frame makes it hide other X windows; +* Raising and Lowering:: Raising a frame makes it hide other windows; lowering it puts it underneath the others. * Frame Configurations:: Saving the state of all frames. * Mouse Tracking:: Getting events that say when the mouse moves. @@ -802,11 +933,32 @@ * Dialog Boxes:: Displaying a box to ask yes or no. * Pointer Shape:: Specifying the shape of the mouse pointer. * Window System Selections::Transferring text to and from other windows. +* Drag and Drop:: Internals of Drag-and-Drop implementation. * Color Names:: Getting the definitions of color names. * Text Terminal Colors:: Defining colors for text-only terminals. * Resources:: Getting resource values from the server. * Display Feature Testing:: Determining the features of a terminal. +Frame Parameters + +* Parameter Access:: How to change a frame's parameters. +* Initial Parameters:: Specifying frame parameters when you make a frame. +* Window Frame Parameters:: List of frame parameters for window systems. +* Size and Position:: Changing the size and position of a frame. +* Geometry:: Parsing geometry specifications. + +Window Frame Parameters + +* Basic Parameters:: Parameters that are fundamental. +* Position Parameters:: The position of the frame on the screen. +* Size Parameters:: Frame's size. +* Layout Parameters:: Size of parts of the frame, and + enabling or disabling some parts. +* Buffer Parameters:: Which buffers have been or should be shown. +* Management Parameters:: Communicating with the window manager. +* Cursor Parameters:: Controlling the cursor appearance. +* Color Parameters:: Colors of various parts of the frame. + Positions * Point:: The special position where editing takes place. @@ -916,7 +1068,7 @@ * Selecting a Representation:: Treating a byte sequence as unibyte or multi. * Character Codes:: How unibyte and multibyte relate to codes of individual characters. -* Character Sets:: The space of possible characters codes +* Character Sets:: The space of possible character codes is divided into various character sets. * Chars and Bytes:: More information about multibyte encodings. * Splitting Characters:: Converting a character to its byte sequence. @@ -927,6 +1079,20 @@ non-ASCII characters without special keyboards. * Locales:: Interacting with the POSIX locale. +Coding Systems + +* Coding System Basics:: Basic concepts. +* Encoding and I/O:: How file I/O functions handle coding systems. +* Lisp and Coding Systems:: Functions to operate on coding system names. +* User-Chosen Coding Systems:: Asking the user to choose a coding system. +* Default Coding Systems:: Controlling the default choices. +* Specifying Coding Systems:: Requesting a particular coding system + for a single file operation. +* Explicit Encoding:: Encoding or decoding text without doing I/O. +* Terminal I/O Encoding:: Use of encoding for terminal I/O. +* MS-DOS File Types:: How DOS "text" and "binary" files + relate to coding systems. + Searching and Matching * String Search:: Search for an exact match. @@ -945,6 +1111,20 @@ * Regexp Example:: Illustrates regular expression syntax. * Regexp Functions:: Functions for operating on regular expressions. +Syntax of Regular Expressions + +* Regexp Special:: Special characters in regular expressions. +* Char Classes:: Character classes used in regular expressions. +* Regexp Backslash:: Backslash-sequences in regular expressions. + +The Match Data + +* Replacing Match:: Replacing a substring that was matched. +* Simple Match Data:: Accessing single items of match data, + such as where a particular subexpression started. +* Entire Match Data:: Accessing the entire match data at once, as a list. +* Saving Match Data:: Saving and restoring the match data. + Syntax Tables * Syntax Basics:: Basic concepts of syntax tables. @@ -963,6 +1143,14 @@ * Syntax Class Table:: Table of syntax classes. * Syntax Flags:: Additional flags each character can have. +Parsing Expressions + +* Motion via Parsing:: Motion functions that work by parsing. +* Position Parse:: Determining the syntactic state of a position. +* Parser State:: How Emacs represents a syntactic state. +* Low-Level Parsing:: Parsing across a specified region. +* Control Parsing:: Parameters that affect parsing. + Abbrevs And Abbrev Expansion * Abbrev Mode:: Setting up Emacs for abbreviation. @@ -1002,6 +1190,20 @@ * Decoding Output:: Filters can get unibyte or multibyte strings. * Accepting Output:: How to wait until process output arrives. +Low-Level Network Access + +* Proc: Network Processes. Using @code{make-network-process}. +* Options: Network Options. Further control over network connections. +* Features: Network Feature Testing. + Determining which network features work on + the machine you are using. + +Packing and Unpacking Byte Arrays + +* Bindat Spec:: Describing data layout. +* Bindat Functions:: Doing the unpacking and packing. +* Bindat Examples:: Samples of what bindat.el can do for you! + Emacs Display * Refresh Screen:: Clearing the screen and redrawing everything on it. @@ -1029,6 +1231,92 @@ * Beeping:: Audible signal to the user. * Window Systems:: Which window system is being used. +The Echo Area + +* Displaying Messages:: Explicitly displaying text in the echo area. +* Progress:: Informing user about progress of a long operation. +* Logging Messages:: Echo area messages are logged for the user. +* Echo Area Customization:: Controlling the echo area. + +Reporting Warnings + +* Warning Basics:: Warnings concepts and functions to report them. +* Warning Variables:: Variables programs bind to customize their warnings. +* Warning Options:: Variables users set to control display of warnings. + +Overlays + +* Managing Overlays:: Creating and moving overlays. +* Overlay Properties:: How to read and set properties. + What properties do to the screen display. +* Finding Overlays:: Searching for overlays. + +Faces + +* Defining Faces:: How to define a face with @code{defface}. +* Face Attributes:: What is in a face? +* Attribute Functions:: Functions to examine and set face attributes. +* Displaying Faces:: How Emacs combines the faces specified for + a character. +* Font Selection:: Finding the best available font for a face. +* Face Functions:: How to define and examine faces. +* Auto Faces:: Hook for automatic face assignment. +* Font Lookup:: Looking up the names of available fonts + and information about them. +* Fontsets:: A fontset is a collection of fonts + that handle a range of character sets. + +Fringes + +* Fringe Size/Pos:: Specifying where to put the window fringes. +* Fringe Indicators:: Displaying indicator icons in the window fringes. +* Fringe Cursors:: Displaying cursors in the right fringe. +* Fringe Bitmaps:: Specifying bitmaps for fringe indicators. +* Customizing Bitmaps:: Specifying your own bitmaps to use in the fringes. +* Overlay Arrow:: Display of an arrow to indicate position. + +The @code{display} Property + +* Specified Space:: Displaying one space with a specified width. +* Pixel Specification:: Specifying space width or height in pixels. +* Other Display Specs:: Displaying an image; magnifying text; moving it + up or down on the page; adjusting the width + of spaces within text. +* Display Margins:: Displaying text or images to the side of + the main text. + +Images + +* Image Descriptors:: How to specify an image for use in @code{:display}. +* XBM Images:: Special features for XBM format. +* XPM Images:: Special features for XPM format. +* GIF Images:: Special features for GIF format. +* Postscript Images:: Special features for Postscript format. +* Other Image Types:: Various other formats are supported. +* Defining Images:: Convenient ways to define an image for later use. +* Showing Images:: Convenient ways to display an image once + it is defined. +* Image Cache:: Internal mechanisms of image display. + +Buttons + +* Button Properties:: Button properties with special meanings. +* Button Types:: Defining common properties for classes of buttons. +* Making Buttons:: Adding buttons to Emacs buffers. +* Manipulating Buttons:: Getting and setting properties of buttons. +* Button Buffer Commands:: Buffer-wide commands and bindings for buttons. + +Abstract Display + +* Abstract Display Functions:: Functions in the Ewoc package. +* Abstract Display Example:: Example of using Ewoc. + +Display Tables + +* Display Table Format:: What a display table consists of. +* Active Display Table:: How Emacs selects a display table to use. +* Glyphs:: How to define a glyph, and what glyphs mean. + Operating System Interface * Starting Up:: Customizing Emacs start-up processing. @@ -1045,7 +1333,7 @@ * Timers:: Setting a timer to call a function at a certain time. * Idle Timers:: Setting a timer to call a function when Emacs has been idle for a certain length of time. -* Terminal Input:: Accessing and recordingo terminal input. +* Terminal Input:: Accessing and recording terminal input. * Terminal Output:: Controlling and recording terminal output. * Sound Output:: Playing sounds on the computer's speaker. * X11 Keysyms:: Operating on key symbols for X Windows @@ -1057,28 +1345,33 @@ * Startup Summary:: Sequence of actions Emacs performs at start-up. * Init File:: Details on reading the init file (@file{.emacs}). * Terminal-Specific:: How the terminal-specific Lisp file is read. -* Command-Line Arguments:: How command line arguments are processed, +* Command-Line Arguments:: How command-line arguments are processed, and how you can customize them. -Getting out of Emacs +Getting Out of Emacs * Killing Emacs:: Exiting Emacs irreversibly. * Suspending Emacs:: Exiting Emacs reversibly. +Terminal Input + +* Input Modes:: Options for how input is processed. +* Recording Input:: Saving histories of recent or all input events. + Tips and Conventions * Coding Conventions:: Conventions for clean and robust programs. -* Key Binding Conventions:: Which keys should be bound by which programs. -* Programming Tips:: Making Emacs code fit smoothly in Emacs. -* Compilation Tips:: Making compiled code run fast. -* Warning Tips:: Turning off compiler warnings. +* Key Binding Conventions:: Which keys should be bound by which programs. +* Programming Tips:: Making Emacs code fit smoothly in Emacs. +* Compilation Tips:: Making compiled code run fast. +* Warning Tips:: Turning off compiler warnings. * Documentation Tips:: Writing readable documentation strings. * Comment Tips:: Conventions for writing comments. * Library Headers:: Standard headers for library packages. GNU Emacs Internals -* Building Emacs:: How to preload Lisp libraries into Emacs. +* Building Emacs:: How the dumped Emacs is made. * Pure Storage:: A kludge to make preloaded Lisp functions sharable. * Garbage Collection:: Reclaiming space for Lisp objects no longer used. * Memory Usage:: Info about total size of Lisp objects made so far.