annotate cWnn/manual.en/chap7 @ 10:fc3022f61fc7

tiny clean up

		*************************************************
		*	Chapter 7	CWNN FILE MANAGMENT	*
		*************************************************





   7.1  OVERVIEW    
   =============

	In cWnn system, the server plays an important role in managing the different 
resources and files.
	The files to be read in during cserver startup, as well as when requested by 
certain client, are shown as follows :
 	
	(1) Dictionary files
	(2) Usage frequency files 
	(3) Grammar files 
	(4) Pinyin error tolerance files 

 The above cWnn files are explained in this chapter.



























					- 7-1 -

   7.2  DICTIONARY FILES    
   =====================

	Dictionary is classified into two categories : (1) Text format
						       (2) Binary format
	Text format  dictionary can be read  but binary format dictionary cannot be 
read.  The text  dictionary is converted  to binary format using the "atod" utility 
(please refer to  Section 4.6).  Only the binary format dictionary is used  by cWnn 
system.  However, the binary form  of dictionary can be converted back to text form 
using the  "dtoa" utility (please refer to Section 4.7).  The number of words which 
can be stored in a dictioanry is between 0 to 65535. 


1. Dictionary in Text Format
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The format  of the text dictionary  is  shown  below.  The  first  two lines  can be 
omitted.  However, the text dictionary obtained from "dtoa" has the following format.

  	 +-------------------------------------------------------+
	 |  \comment	Comment <CR>				 |
	 |  \total	Total frequency <CR>			 |
	 | Pinyin	word	Cixing 		Frequency <CR>	 |
	 | Pinyin	word	Cixing		Frequency <CR>	 |
	 | Pinyin	word	Cixing		Frequency <CR>	 |
	 |  :	         :	  :		    :		 |
	 |  :	         :	  :		    :		 |
	 |  :	         :	  :		    :		 |
	 |							 |
 	 | (EOF)						 |
	 +-------------------------------------------------------+

 * Comment		: Comments can be added in a dictionary
 * Total frequency	: This is the total usage frequency for all the conversion 
			  performed using this dictionary. 
 * Pinyin		: For the  Pinyin-Hanzi  conversion dictionary, the Pinyin 
			  here refers to the pronunciation for each word.
			  For Bianma dictionary, the Pinyin refers to the code for 
			  each word.  
			  The maximum length for Pinyin is 256 characters.
 * Word			: Each word should not exceed 256 characters.  
			  If  a space, carriage return or other special characters 
			  need to be added in the word, it can be done by appending 
			  them in octal after "\0".
			  If characters other than "0" is appended after the "\", 
			  it will refer to the character itself.
			  For example, "\\" refers to "\" itself.


					- 7-2 -
 * Cixing		: Refers to the part of speech defined in the grammar file, 
			  such  as noun and pronoun.  For details, please refer to 
			  grammar files explained in 7.4.
 * Frequency		: The frequency of usage for each word.
			  In the  text  format  dictionary,  the  range  value  of 
			  frequency is between 0 and 2400.


2. Dictionary in Binary Format
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This is the dictionary used by the cWnn system.  While reading in a file, the server is 
able to determine if the file is a dictionary via the binary format.  Once a dictionary 
is  accessed by the server,  its  contents may be  changed.  During the  termination of 
server, the updated dictionary will be written back to the file.

All  the words  in the dictionary  have serial numbers.  The serial numbers are for the
purpose of matching between the words in the dictionary and the usage frequency file.


3. System Dictionary and User Dictionary
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
System  dictionary  refers to  the  dictionary  provided by the system itself.  For the 
Pinyin input and Zhuyin input environment, the following dictionary files are used :

	/usr/local/lib/wnn/zh_CN/dic/sys/level-1.dic
        /usr/local/lib/wnn/zh_CN/dic/sys/level-2.dic
        /usr/local/lib/wnn/zh_CN/dic/sys/basic-1.dic
        /usr/local/lib/wnn/zh_CN/dic/sys/basic-2.dic

User dictionary refers to dictionary that is created by the user.  The user is able to 
add  or delete his own words into or from the dictionary.  The dictionary structure is 
similar to that of the system  dictionary.  The user  dictionary has the standard path 
"/usr/local/lib/wnn/zh_CN/dic/usr/@USR/ud".

"ud" is the standard filename for user dictionary.
Both system  and user dictionaries can  be added or removed through the setting of the 
system environment.  Please refer to chapter 5 for details.


4. Logical Dictionary and Dictionary Files
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In the cWnn system, several clients are connected to one server, and all the resources 
managed by the server are used by the different clients.  Each dictionary file may have 
several  different  usage frequency  files.  Hence, we  may say that there are several 
dictionaries existing logically. 
In  addition, a dictionary  can be  used for reverse conversion,  such as Pinyin-Hanzi 
conversion and  Hanzi-Pinyin conversion.  Hence, there are two dictionaries logically.
For details, please refer to "wnnstat" in Section 4.6.

					- 7-3 -

   7.3  USAGE FREQUENCY FILES   
   ==========================

	Usage frequency files are attached to dictionaries.  In every dictionary, there 
exists  information  on each  word's  usage frequency.  This information represents the 
standard usage frequency for each word in the dictionary.  The standard usage frequency 
is obtained from statistical results by analying large amount of Chinese articles.  
Since the usage frequency information is included in the text form of dictionary, there 
is no explicit system usage frequency file.

	Note that the standard usage frequency defined by the system may not be suitable 
for all users (client).  Hence, besides the standard frequency, the server will create a 
user usage frequency file  for each user.  The initial  file is a  copy of the standard 
file, and  it is created when  the user executes the client for the first time.  As the 
system  is being  used by the user,  the usage  frequency of each  word will be changed 
according  to how  often a word is being  used.  Therefore, this user frequency file is 
accustomed to the individual user.  During the termination of the server or environment, 
the user usage frequency file will be updated.  This file will be read in by the server 
when the same user activates the client again, instead of creating a new frequency file.
 
	The  usage  frequency of each word in the dictionary  plays a part in the Hanzi 
conversion.  Hence, the weight  for usage frequency can be changed to adjsut its impact 
on the conversion process so as to obtain a  more  accurate conversion result.   In the 
conversion  evaluation,  there is a  "last used"  information which also resides in the 
usage frequency file.

	The standard path for the usage frequency file is 
 "/usr/local/lib/wnn/zh_CN/dic/usr/@USR/dictionary_name.h".




















					- 7-4 -

   7.4  GRAMMAR FILES AND CIXING FILES    
   ===================================

	The definition of the grammar files and Cixing file are dependent of the system.
Substantial knowledge on Chinese grammar and the Pinyin-Hanzi conversion process of this 
system  are required to understand them.  We will now give only some necessary and brief 
explanations.


1. Cixing File
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Cixing file  defines a  set of  grammatical attributes,  which is based  upon to define 
Chinese grammar.  The grammatical attributes of all the words in the dictionary must be 
in this set.

Standard path : /usr/local/lib/wnn/zh_CN/dic/cixing.data

The Cixing  file is intepreted line by line.  Whatever that comes after a semicolon ";"
in a line is regarded as comments, and a  backslash "\" means it will be continued on 
the following line.

The Cixing file is divided into three portions :


<Table-c-7.1>























					- 7-5 -
2. Grammar Files
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Based on  the  defined set of Cixing, the grammar  files define a grammar for Chinese.  
The text format of the grammar files is readable but the binary format cannot be read.  
The  conversion  from  readable  grammar files to  binary format is through the "atoc" 
utility (refer to Section 4.8).  Only this binary form of grammar file can be used by 
the server.

Standard path : /usr/local/lib/wnn/zh_CN/dic/full.con

When the server reads the binary form of grammar file, it is able to determine whether 
it is a grammar file.  Two or more grammar files can be managed by the server.  
Different user environment can make use of different grammar files, and a user is also 
able to change the grammar file dynamically.

For related grammar file in text form, please refer to  "CWNN APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
MANUAL".
































					- 7-6 -