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2 ©³©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©·
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3 ©§ £Ã£è£á£ð£ô£å£ò £± £É£Î£Ô£Ò£Ï£Ä£Õ£Ã£Ô£É£Ï£Î ©§
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4 ©»©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¿
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5 ©»©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¿
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8 ©³©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©·
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9 ©§ 1.1 OVERVIEW ©§
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10 ©»©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¿
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11
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12 This manual introduces the Chinese Input System, cWnn, which runs on Unix
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13 workstations. cWnn provides a wide range of input methods, satisfying the needs of
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14 Chinese users all over the world, including P.R.China and Taiwan. Besides that, it is
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15 capable of converting an arbitrary sequence of Pinyin/Zhuyin into the expected Hanzi.
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16
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17 Currently, most of the Chinese input systems are developed on personal computers.
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18 In terms of all aspects, personal computers are not as powerful as workstations,
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19 especially in the network capabilities. With the advance in technology, Unix has begun
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20 to popularize as it supports multi-windows, multi-users as well as multi-environments.
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21 Based on these features, cWnn is developed to cater for various input methods and other
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22 useful facilities.
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23
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24 The input methods in cWnn are divided into two categories:
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25
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26 1. Phonetic
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27 ©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥
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28 This is a method of inputing Chinese characters using their pronunciations. The common
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29 phonetic symbols for Chinese are Pinyin and Zhuyin, with Pinyin being used commonly in
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30 P.R China and Singapore. The Zhuyin phonetic symbols were used before Pinyin was
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31 introduced. It is now currently used in Taiwan and Hong Kong.
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32
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33 Currently, some of the Chinese input systems are based on monosyllabic word, that is,
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34 only a single Chinese character is input at a time. There are also some systems using
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35 Chinese word input. cWnn, being different, is able to convert any arbitrary length of
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36 Pinyin/Zhuyin sequence to Chinese characters at one time. The system provides a good
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37 environment for user input. It performs an automatic check on all inputs, making sure
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38 that they are legal. Besides, cWnn caters for error tolerance in the four tones, and
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39 has standardized Pinyin and Zhuyin, together with the four tones. As such, cWnn
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40 provides an ideal phonetic input environment for the users.
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50 - 1-1 -
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51 2. Radical
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52 ©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥
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53 There are several radical methods for Chinese input, such as Wubi and Cangjie etc. In
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54 these methods, a Chinese character is input by breaking up the character into its
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55 components, which are subsequently entered one by one.
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56
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57 Currently, a few hundred of such input methods have been developed. The default radical
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58 input methods in cWnn are Wubi, Cangjie and Qianma. However, the system is designed to
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59 allow any radical input method to be setup easily.
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60
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61
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62 With the strong network capabilities of Unix, together with the multi-user and
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63 multi-window features, cWnn is able to achieve sharing of resources and at the same time,
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64 supports multi-environments.
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100 - 1-2 -
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101 ©³©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©·
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102 ©§ 1.2 NOTATIONS USED IN THIS MANUAL ©§
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103 ©»©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¿
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104
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105 Please take note that in this manual, some notations are being used. Their
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106 respective meanings are as follows:
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107
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108 * <CR> ©¤ This means press the return key once
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109 * \ ©¤ This refers to the backslash in ASCII
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110 * ^ ©¤ This refers to the control key. For example, ^F means holding down
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111 the F key together with the control key, and ^\ means holding down
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112 the control key together with the backslash key
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113 * % ©¤ Prompt for C Shell
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114 * # ©¤ Prompt for Bourne Shell
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150 - 1-3 -
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151 ©³©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©·
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152 ©§ 1.3 CWNN SYSTEM STRUCTURE ©§
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153 ©»©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¿
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154
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155 cWnn adopts the Client-Server Model of Unix operating system. The model is
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156 made up of a server and several clients. One server can serve many clients at one
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157 time. The clients and server processes communicate through a well-defined protocol, but
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158 are completely independent. As a result, the clients and server can be on different
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159 machines communicating across the network, or on the same machine.
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160 The clients are the front-end processors of the system and they interact with
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161 the users. The clients execute on the Unix shell and request for services from the
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162 server via the socket.
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163 On the other hand, the server will run as a background process. It receives
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164 service requests from the clients, performs the request, and passes the results back to
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165 the clients via the socket.
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166
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167 The server manages all the resources, such as dictionaries and usage frequency
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168 files, and maintains different input environments for each of its clients. The input
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169 environment is activated by executing the client "cuum". To the user, each client has
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170 a different service environment which supports different input methods. Note that
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171 there may be more than one server in the network, and each client may in turn obtains
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172 services from different servers.
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173 Hence, cWnn is a multi-environment system. The structure of cWnn is shown in
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174 the following diagram.
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175
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176 client server
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177 ©°©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©´ ©°©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©´
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178 ©¦ cuum ©¦ ©¦ cserver ©¦
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179 ©¦ front-end processor©À©¤©Ð©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©È ©¦
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180 ©¸©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¼ ©¦ ©¸©¤©Ð©¤©¤©¤©¼
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181 ©¦ ©¦
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182 ©¦ ©¦
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183 client ©¦ ©¦
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184 ©°©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©´ ©¦ ©°©¤©Ø©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©´
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185 ©¦ cuum ©¦ ©¦ ©¦ System Resources : Dictionaries, ©¦
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186 ©¦ front-end processor©À©¤©È ©¦ Frequency files ©¦
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187 ©¸©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¼ ©¦ ©¦ and Grammar ©¦
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188 : ©¦ ©¦ files ©¦
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189 : ©¦ ©¦ ©¦
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190 client : ©¦ ©¦ Environment Resources : A env, ©¦
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191 ©°©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©´ ©¦ ©¦ B env ... ©¦
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192 ©¦ cuum ©À©¤©¼ ©¸©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¼
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193 ©¦ front-end processor©¦
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194 ©¸©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¼
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195
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196 Figure 1.1 : cWnn System Structure
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197 ©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤
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198
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199
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200 - 1-4 -
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201 ©³©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©·
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202 ©§ 1.4 FEATURES ON THE SYSTEM STRUCTURE ©§
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203 ©»©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¿
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204
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205 One main feature of cWnn is its system independency. Every environment will
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206 have individual environment files according to the needs of the users. Each user may
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207 specify his own environment setup either during or after system installation. The
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208 flexible environment setup includes the following:
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209
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210 1. Input Automaton Setup
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211 ©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥
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212 Input automaton is the front-end processor. It allows user to specify his own input
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213 environment according to his needs. Through this setup, Pinyin input environment and
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214 Zhuyin input environment may be specified. Moreover, interfaces like the keyboard
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215 setup and function keys can be set. For more details, refer to Chapter 7.
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216
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217 2. Environment Setup
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218 ©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥
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219 The service environment of the user is provided by the server. It includes the setup
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220 of conversion methods, grammer attributes and dictionaries, as well as the setup of
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221 conversion parameters etc. These can be specified before the startup of the front-end
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222 processor. Refer to Chapter 5 for detailed descriptions. Once the front-end is started
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223 up, the environment may also be set dynamically via keyboard. Refer to Chapter 5 for
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224 detailed descriptions.
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225
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226 3. Creation of Dictionaries and Grammer Files
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227 ©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥
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228 Dictionaries and grammar files may be created using the utilities provided in the system.
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229 Users are able to create their own dictionaries to suit their needs. For example, a
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230 computer professional may have his own dictionary which consists of all the computer
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231 terms needed. This dictionary may be added into the system, hence enriching the system
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232 resources.
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233
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234 4. Encoded Input Method Setup
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235 ©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥
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236 Besides phonetic input methods, cWnn supports several encoded input methods. In cWnn,
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237 the default encoded input methods are Wubi, Qianma and Cangjie. The system is designed
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238 to allow any encoded input method to be installed.
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239
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240 5. Keyboard Setup
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241 ©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥
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242 All the operations in cWnn's input environment can be carried out by commands. These
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243 commands may be set via the keyboard. Different users have different needs for keyboard
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244 function. Hence, by having different keyboard setup, users are able to have different
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245 user interfaces. For details, refer to Chapter 5.
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246
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248
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249
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250 - 1-5 -
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251 NOTE: Please take note that the keys used in this manual (eg. PF1, PF2, ^\, ^F ..etc)
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252 are only the keyboard setup in cWnn system. They may be changed according to
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253 the user. Hence, all occurrence of these notations are merely the default setup
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254 in cWnn system.
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300 - 1-6 -
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301 ©³©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©·
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302 ©§ 1.5 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE CONFIGURATIONS ©§
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303 ©»©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¥©¿
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304
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305 cWnn is capable of displaying Chinese characters based on GB-2312 and CNS
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306 internal codes. It is developed on the Omron LUNA Unix Workstation, and is portable
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307 to other Unix platforms.
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308
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309 Current Machines/OS that Support cWnn
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310 ©°©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©Ð©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©Ð©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©´
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311 ©¦ Hardware ©¦ Operating System ©¦ Window System ©¦
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312 ©À©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©à©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©à©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©È
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313 ©¦ LUNA (Omron) ©¦ UniOS-U, UniOS-B ©¦ X, GMW ©¦
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314 ©¦ ©¦ ©¦ ©¦
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315 ©¦ LUNA II (Omron) ©¦ UniOS-U, Mach ©¦ X, GMW ©¦
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316 ©¦ ©¦ ©¦ ©¦
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317 ©¦ LUNA 88K (Omron) ©¦ Mach ©¦ X ©¦
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318 ©¦ ©¦ ©¦ ©¦
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319 ©¦ Sun-3 ©¦ SunOS 4.1 ©¦ SunView, X ©¦
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320 ©¦ ©¦ ©¦ ©¦
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321 ©¦ Sun-4 ©¦ SunOS 4.1 ©¦ SunView, X ©¦
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322 ©¦ ©¦ ©¦ ©¦
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323 ©¦ SPARCstation ©¦ SunOS 4.1 ©¦ SunView, X ©¦
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324 ©¸©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©Ø©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©Ø©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¼
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350 - 1-7 -
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