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comparison cWnn/manual.en/chap1 @ 0:bbc77ca4def5
initial import
author | Yoshiki Yazawa <yaz@cc.rim.or.jp> |
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date | Thu, 13 Dec 2007 04:30:14 +0900 |
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1 ***************************************** | |
2 * Chapter 1 INTERODUCTION * | |
3 ***************************************** | |
4 | |
5 | |
6 | |
7 | |
8 1.1 OVERVIEW | |
9 ============= | |
10 | |
11 This manual introduces the cWnn Chinese Input System, which is based on Unix | |
12 workstations. | |
13 | |
14 Currently, most of the Chinese Input Systems are developed on personal computers. | |
15 In terms of all aspects, personal computers are not as powerful as workstations, | |
16 especially in the network capabilities. With the advance of technology, Unix has begun | |
17 to popularize as it supports multi-windows, multi- users as well as multi-environment. | |
18 Based on these features, cWnn is developed to cater for various input methods and other | |
19 useful facilities. | |
20 | |
21 The input methods offered by cWnn are divided into two categories : | |
22 | |
23 1. Phonetic | |
24 ~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
25 This is a method of inputing Chinese characters using their pronunciations. The common | |
26 phonetic symbols for Chinese are Hanyu Pinyin and Zhuyin, with Hanyu Pinyin being used | |
27 commonly in Mainland China and Singapore. The Zhuyin phonetic symbols were used before | |
28 Hanyu Pinyin was introduced. It is now less common but is still used in Taiwan and | |
29 Hong Kong. | |
30 | |
31 Currently, some of the Chinese input systems are based on monosyllabic word, that is, | |
32 only a single Chinese character is input at a time. However, cWnn is able to convert any | |
33 arbitrary length of pronunciations to Chinese characters at one time. The system has a | |
34 good monitoring feature on the Chinese pronunciations. It performs an automatic checking | |
35 for all inputs entered by the user, making sure that they are legal. This provides users | |
36 with a good input environment and at the same time, caters for error tolerance in four | |
37 tones and pronunciation. This is a great help to users who cannot master the four tones | |
38 of Chinese pronunciation. Besides, cWnn has a standardization of Pinyin, Zhuyin, | |
39 together with the four tones of Pinyin. | |
40 | |
41 As such, cWnn provides an ideal phonetic input environment for the users. | |
42 | |
43 | |
44 | |
45 | |
46 | |
47 | |
48 | |
49 | |
50 - 1-1 - | |
51 2. Radical | |
52 ~~~~~~~~~~ | |
53 In this method, a Chinese character is input by breaking up the character into its | |
54 components, which are subsequently entered one by one. Currently, a few hundred of such | |
55 input methods have been developed. cWnn offers the most commonly used Radical input | |
56 methods such as Wubi and Cangji. In this system, any input methods can be easily added | |
57 by simply installing the code table into the system. | |
58 | |
59 | |
60 | |
61 With the strong network capabilities of Unix, together with the multi-user and | |
62 multi-window features, cWnn is able to achieve sharing of resources and at the same time, | |
63 supports multi-environment. | |
64 | |
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99 | |
100 - 1-2 - | |
101 | |
102 1.2 CWNN SYSTEM STRUCTURE | |
103 ========================== | |
104 | |
105 Based on the strong network capabilities of Unix, cWnn adopts a Client-Server | |
106 Model. This model consists of a server, a socket and several clients. One server can | |
107 serve many clients at one time and they are able to run on different machines as well as | |
108 the same machine. | |
109 The clients are the front-end of the system and they interact with the users. | |
110 The clients execute on the Unix shell and request for services from the server through | |
111 the socket. | |
112 The server receives service requests from the client, performs the request, and | |
113 passes the result back to the client via the socket. | |
114 | |
115 The server manages all the resources, such as dictionaries and usage frequency | |
116 files, and maintains an input environment for each of its clients. To the user, each | |
117 client supports different input methods which can be provided by different servers. | |
118 Hence, cWnn is a multi-environment system, with its structure shown in the following | |
119 figures. | |
120 | |
121 | |
122 +---------------------+ +----------+ | |
123 | client | | server | | |
124 | front-end processor |--+--------------| Cserver | | |
125 +---------------------+ | +----------+ | |
126 | | | |
127 | | | |
128 | | | |
129 +---------------------+ | +-------------------------------------+ | |
130 | client | | | System Resources : Dictionaries, | | |
131 | front-end processor |--| | Frequency files | | |
132 +---------------------+ | | and Grammar | | |
133 : | | files | | |
134 : | | | | |
135 : | | Environment Resources : A env, | | |
136 +--------------------+ | | B env ... | | |
137 | client |---+ +-------------------------------------+ | |
138 | front-end processor| | |
139 +--------------------+ | |
140 | |
141 Figure 1.1 : cWnn System Structure | |
142 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
143 | |
144 | |
145 | |
146 | |
147 | |
148 | |
149 | |
150 - 1-3 - | |
151 | |
152 1.3 SPECIAL FEATURES ON THE SYSTEM STRUCTURE | |
153 ============================================= | |
154 | |
155 The main feature of cWnn is its system independency. Each environment can have | |
156 its own environment files according to the needs of the user, and each user can choose | |
157 his own environment setup. The flexible environment setup includes the following : | |
158 | |
159 1. Input Automaton Setting | |
160 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
161 Input automaton is a front-end processor which allows the user to define his own input | |
162 environment according to his needs. Through this setting, interfaces like the keyboard | |
163 layout and function keys can be selected. For more details, please refer to Chapter 6. | |
164 | |
165 2. Environment Setting | |
166 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
167 The environment setting provided by the server includes the definition of conversion | |
168 methods and grammer, conversion parameters, dictionaries etc. These can be set before | |
169 the startup of the front-end processor. Please refer to Chapter 5 for detailed | |
170 descriptions. The environment can also be set after the startup of the front-end | |
171 processor, via keyboard command. Refer to Chapter 3 for details. | |
172 | |
173 3. Creation of Dictionary and Grammer Files | |
174 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
175 The system enables a user to have a choice of different dictionaries and also to create | |
176 his own dictionary according to his needs. For example, a computer professional can | |
177 create his own dictionary which consists of all the computer terms needed. This | |
178 dictionary can be added to the system, hence enriching the resources. | |
179 | |
180 4. Encoded Input Method | |
181 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
182 As mentioned, besides phonetic input method, cWnn supports several radical input methods | |
183 such as Wubi and Qianma. Any input method can be installed easily in cWnn, which supports | |
184 any type of encoded input method. For details, please refer to Chapter 5. | |
185 | |
186 5. Keyboard Definition | |
187 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
188 All the different types of operations in cWnn's input environment can be set via the | |
189 keyboard. Different users have different keyboard function needs. As such, this | |
190 keyboard definition enables different users to have different user interfaces. For | |
191 details, please refer to Chapter 5. | |
192 | |
193 | |
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199 | |
200 - 1-4 - | |
201 | |
202 1.4 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE CONFIGURATIONS | |
203 ========================================= | |
204 | |
205 Besides the above features, cWnn is also hardware, operating system and window | |
206 system independent. It is developed on the Omron Luna Unix Workstation, and is now | |
207 portable to other operating systems and Unix workstations as shown below. | |
208 | |
209 +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | |
210 |Software Environment | Operating System | Supporting Window | | |
211 |-----------------------+--------------------+--------------------| | |
212 | LUNA | Unios-U | X and GMW | | |
213 | | | | | |
214 | LUNA | Unios-B | X and GMW | | |
215 | | | | | |
216 | SUN3 | SUNOS | X | | |
217 | | | | | |
218 | SUN4 | SUNOS | X | | |
219 | | | | | |
220 | LUNA88K | Mach | X | | |
221 +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | |
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250 - 1-5 - |