comparison ja/daily.tex @ 380:38f034c1da53

finished daily.tex

379:beab196f78da

$B$3$l$K$h$C$F2?$,5/$3$C$F$$$k$N$+M}2r$7$d$9$/$9$k$H6&$K!$D@L[N"$KLq2p$JLd(B
$BBj$,5/$3$k2DG=@-$r8:$i$7$F$$$k!%$3$N5sF0$O(BMercurial$B$NBgH>$N%3%^%s%I$K6&(B
$BDL$7$F$$$k!%(B

%\subsection{Aside: Mercurial tracks files, not directories}
\subsection{$BM>CL(B: Mercurial$B$O%G%#%l%/%H%j$G$O$J$/%U%!%$%k$rDI@W$9$k(B}

%Mercurial does not track directory information.  Instead, it tracks
%the path to a file.  Before creating a file, it first creates any
%missing directory components of the path.  After it deletes a file, it
%then deletes any empty directories that were in the deleted file's

$BA0$K:n@.$9$k$3$H$,$"$k!%(B

%\section{How to stop tracking a file}
\section{$B%U%!%$%kDI@W$NDd;_(B}

Once you decide that a file no longer belongs in your repository, use
the \hgcmd{remove} command; this deletes the file, and tells Mercurial
to stop tracking it.  A removed file is represented in the output of
\hgcmd{status} with a ``\texttt{R}''.
\interaction{daily.files.remove}

After you \hgcmd{remove} a file, Mercurial will no longer track
changes to that file, even if you recreate a file with the same name
in your working directory.  If you do recreate a file with the same
name and want Mercurial to track the new file, simply \hgcmd{add} it.
Mercurial will know that the newly added file is not related to the
old file of the same name.

%\subsection{Removing a file does not affect its history}
\subsection{$B%U%!%$%k:o=|$OMzNr$K1F6A$rM?$($J$$(B}

It is important to understand that removing a file has only two
effects.
\begin{itemize}
\item It removes the current version of the file from the working
  directory.
\item It stops Mercurial from tracking changes to the file, from the
  time of the next commit.
\end{itemize}
Removing a file \emph{does not} in any way alter the \emph{history} of
the file.

If you update the working directory to a changeset in which a file
that you have removed was still tracked, it will reappear in the
working directory, with the contents it had when you committed that
changeset.  If you then update the working directory to a later
changeset, in which the file had been removed, Mercurial will once
again remove the file from the working directory.

%\subsection{Missing files}
\subsection{$B7gMn$7$?%U%!%$%k(B}

Mercurial considers a file that you have deleted, but not used
\hgcmd{remove} to delete, to be \emph{missing}.  A missing file is
represented with ``\texttt{!}'' in the output of \hgcmd{status}.
Mercurial commands will not generally do anything with missing files.
\interaction{daily.files.missing}

If your repository contains a file that \hgcmd{status} reports as
missing, and you want the file to stay gone, you can run
\hgcmdargs{remove}{\hgopt{remove}{--after}} at any time later on, to
tell Mercurial that you really did mean to remove the file.
\interaction{daily.files.remove-after}

On the other hand, if you deleted the missing file by accident, use
\hgcmdargs{revert}{\emph{filename}} to recover the file.  It will
reappear, in unmodified form.
\interaction{daily.files.recover-missing}

%\subsection{Aside: why tell Mercurial explicitly to remove a file?}
\subsection{$B$3$\$lOC(B: $B$J$<(BMercurial$B$X%U%!%$%k$N:o=|$rL@<(E*$K;X<($7$J$1(B
  $B$l$P$J$i$J$$$+(B}

You might wonder why Mercurial requires you to explicitly tell it that
you are deleting a file.  Early during the development of Mercurial,
it let you delete a file however you pleased; Mercurial would notice
the absence of the file automatically when you next ran a
\hgcmd{commit}, and stop tracking the file.  In practice, this made it
too easy to accidentally remove a file without noticing.

%\subsection{Useful shorthand---adding and removing files in one step}
\subsection{$BLr$KN)$D4JN,K!(B---$B%U%!%$%k$NDI2C$H:o=|$r(B1$B%9%F%C%W$G9T$&(B}

Mercurial offers a combination command, \hgcmd{addremove}, that adds
untracked files and marks missing files as removed.
\interaction{daily.files.addremove}
The \hgcmd{commit} command also provides a \hgopt{commit}{-A} option
that performs this same add-and-remove, immediately followed by a
commit.
\interaction{daily.files.commit-addremove}

%\section{Copying files}
\section{$B%U%!%$%k$N%3%T!<(B}

$BJQ99$r%^!<%8$9$k;~$KFCJL$J<h$j07$$$,$J$5$l$k!%(B

%\subsection{The results of copying during a merge}
\subsection{$B%^!<%8Cf$N%3%T!<$N7k2L(B}

What happens during a merge is that changes ``follow'' a copy.  To
best illustrate what this means, let's create an example.  We'll start
with the usual tiny repository that contains a single file.
\interaction{daily.copy.init}
We need to do some work in parallel, so that we'll have something to
merge.  So let's clone our repository.
\interaction{daily.copy.clone}
Back in our initial repository, let's use the \hgcmd{copy} command to
make a copy of the first file we created.
\interaction{daily.copy.copy}

If we look at the output of the \hgcmd{status} command afterwards, the
copied file looks just like a normal added file.
\interaction{daily.copy.status}
But if we pass the \hgopt{status}{-C} option to \hgcmd{status}, it
prints another line of output: this is the file that our newly-added
file was copied \emph{from}.
\interaction{daily.copy.status-copy}

Now, back in the repository we cloned, let's make a change in
parallel.  We'll add a line of content to the original file that we
created.
\interaction{daily.copy.other}
Now we have a modified \filename{file} in this repository.  When we
pull the changes from the first repository, and merge the two heads,
Mercurial will propagate the changes that we made locally to
\filename{file} into its copy, \filename{new-file}.
\interaction{daily.copy.merge}

%\subsection{Why should changes follow copies?}
\subsection{$BJQ99$O$J$<%3%T!<$K=>$o$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$$+(B}
\label{sec:daily:why-copy}

This behaviour, of changes to a file propagating out to copies of the
file, might seem esoteric, but in most cases it's highly desirable.

First of all, remember that this propagation \emph{only} happens when
you merge.  So if you \hgcmd{copy} a file, and subsequently modify the
original file during the normal course of your work, nothing will
happen.

The second thing to know is that modifications will only propagate
across a copy as long as the repository that you're pulling changes
from \emph{doesn't know} about the copy.

The reason that Mercurial does this is as follows.  Let's say I make
an important bug fix in a source file, and commit my changes.
Meanwhile, you've decided to \hgcmd{copy} the file in your repository,
without knowing about the bug or having seen the fix, and you have
started hacking on your copy of the file.

If you pulled and merged my changes, and Mercurial \emph{didn't}
propagate changes across copies, your source file would now contain
the bug, and unless you remembered to propagate the bug fix by hand,
the bug would \emph{remain} in your copy of the file.

By automatically propagating the change that fixed the bug from the
original file to the copy, Mercurial prevents this class of problem.
To my knowledge, Mercurial is the \emph{only} revision control system
that propagates changes across copies like this.

Once your change history has a record that the copy and subsequent
merge occurred, there's usually no further need to propagate changes
from the original file to the copied file, and that's why Mercurial
only propagates changes across copies until this point, and no
further.

%\subsection{How to make changes \emph{not} follow a copy}
\subsection{$BJQ99$,%3%T!<$K$7B&FbMF$K$9$kJ}K!(B}

If, for some reason, you decide that this business of automatically
propagating changes across copies is not for you, simply use your
system's normal file copy command (on Unix-like systems, that's
\command{cp}) to make a copy of a file, then \hgcmd{add} the new copy
by hand.  Before you do so, though, please do reread
section~\ref{sec:daily:why-copy}, and make an informed decision that
this behaviour is not appropriate to your specific case.

%\subsection{Behaviour of the \hgcmd{copy} command}
\subsection{\hgcmd{copy}$B%3%^%s%I$N5sF0(B}

When you use the \hgcmd{copy} command, Mercurial makes a copy of each
source file as it currently stands in the working directory.  This
means that if you make some modifications to a file, then \hgcmd{copy}
it without first having committed those changes, the new copy will
also contain the modifications you have made up until that point.  (I
find this behaviour a little counterintuitive, which is why I mention
it here.)

The \hgcmd{copy} command acts similarly to the Unix \command{cp}
command (you can use the \hgcmd{cp} alias if you prefer).  The last
argument is the \emph{destination}, and all prior arguments are
\emph{sources}.  If you pass it a single file as the source, and the
destination does not exist, it creates a new file with that name.
\interaction{daily.copy.simple}
If the destination is a directory, Mercurial copies its sources into
that directory.
\interaction{daily.copy.dir-dest}
Copying a directory is recursive, and preserves the directory
structure of the source.
\interaction{daily.copy.dir-src}
If the source and destination are both directories, the source tree is
recreated in the destination directory.
\interaction{daily.copy.dir-src-dest}

As with the \hgcmd{rename} command, if you copy a file manually and
then want Mercurial to know that you've copied the file, simply use
the \hgopt{copy}{--after} option to \hgcmd{copy}.
\interaction{daily.copy.after}

%\section{Renaming files}
\section{$B%U%!%$%k$N%j%M!<%`(B}

It's rather more common to need to rename a file than to make a copy
of it.  The reason I discussed the \hgcmd{copy} command before talking
about renaming files is that Mercurial treats a rename in essentially
the same way as a copy.  Therefore, knowing what Mercurial does when
you copy a file tells you what to expect when you rename a file.

When you use the \hgcmd{rename} command, Mercurial makes a copy of
each source file, then deletes it and marks the file as removed.
\interaction{daily.rename.rename}
The \hgcmd{status} command shows the newly copied file as added, and
the copied-from file as removed.
\interaction{daily.rename.status}
As with the results of a \hgcmd{copy}, we must use the
\hgopt{status}{-C} option to \hgcmd{status} to see that the added file
is really being tracked by Mercurial as a copy of the original, now
removed, file.
\interaction{daily.rename.status-copy}

As with \hgcmd{remove} and \hgcmd{copy}, you can tell Mercurial about
a rename after the fact using the \hgopt{rename}{--after} option.  In
most other respects, the behaviour of the \hgcmd{rename} command, and
the options it accepts, are similar to the \hgcmd{copy} command.

%\subsection{Renaming files and merging changes}
\subsection{$B%U%!%$%k$N%j%M!<%`$HJQ99$N%^!<%8(B}

%Since Mercurial's rename is implemented as copy-and-remove, the same

380:38f034c1da53

$B$3$l$K$h$C$F2?$,5/$3$C$F$$$k$N$+M}2r$7$d$9$/$9$k$H6&$K!$D@L[N"$KLq2p$JLd(B
$BBj$,5/$3$k2DG=@-$r8:$i$7$F$$$k!%$3$N5sF0$O(BMercurial$B$NBgH>$N%3%^%s%I$K6&(B
$BDL$7$F$$$k!%(B

%\subsection{Aside: Mercurial tracks files, not directories}
\subsection{$B$3$\$lOC(B: Mercurial$B$O%G%#%l%/%H%j$G$O$J$/%U%!%$%k$rDI@W$9$k(B}

%Mercurial does not track directory information.  Instead, it tracks
%the path to a file.  Before creating a file, it first creates any
%missing directory components of the path.  After it deletes a file, it
%then deletes any empty directories that were in the deleted file's

$BA0$K:n@.$9$k$3$H$,$"$k!%(B

%\section{How to stop tracking a file}
\section{$B%U%!%$%kDI@W$NDd;_(B}

%Once you decide that a file no longer belongs in your repository, use
%the \hgcmd{remove} command; this deletes the file, and tells Mercurial
%to stop tracking it.  A removed file is represented in the output of
%\hgcmd{status} with a ``\texttt{R}''.
%\interaction{daily.files.remove}

$B%U%!%$%k$,%j%]%8%H%j$KI,MW$J$/$J$C$?;~$O(B\hgcmd{remove}$B%3%^%s%I$r<B9T$9(B
$B$k!%$3$N%3%^%s%I$O%U%!%$%k$r:o=|$7$?>e$G(BMercurial$B$K%U%!%$%kDI@W$NDd;_$r;X(B
$B<($9$k!%:o=|$5$l$?%U%!%$%k$O(B\hgcmd{status}$B%3%^%s%I$N=PNO$G(B``\texttt{R}''
$B$HI=<($5$l$k!%(B
\interaction{daily.files.remove}

%After you \hgcmd{remove} a file, Mercurial will no longer track
%changes to that file, even if you recreate a file with the same name
%in your working directory.  If you do recreate a file with the same
%name and want Mercurial to track the new file, simply \hgcmd{add} it.
%Mercurial will know that the newly added file is not related to the
%old file of the same name.

$B0lEY%U%!%$%k$r(B\hgcmd{remove}$B$7$?8e$G$O!$(BMercurial$B$O%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j(B
$BFb$K$?$H$(F1$8L>A0$G%U%!%$%k$,:F@8@.$5$l$F$b%U%!%$%k$X$NJQ99$rDI@W$7$J$$!%(B
$B%U%!%$%k$r:F@8@.$7!$(BMercurial$B$KDI@W$5$;$?$$$N$G$"$l$P!$(B\hgcmd{add}$B$r9T$&!%(B
Mercurial$B$O!$?75,$KDI2C$5$l$?%U%!%$%k$rF1L>$N8E$$%U%!%$%k$H4X78$J$/07$&!%(B

%\subsection{Removing a file does not affect its history}
\subsection{$B%U%!%$%k:o=|$OMzNr$K1F6A$rM?$($J$$(B}

%It is important to understand that removing a file has only two
%effects.
$B%U%!%$%k$N:o=|$,%j%]%8%H%j$KM?$($k1F6A$O(B2$B$D$N$_$G$"$k!%(B
\begin{itemize}
%\item It removes the current version of the file from the working
%  directory.
 \item $B%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$+$i869F$N%P!<%8%g%s$N%U%!%$%k$r>C5n$9$k!%(B
%\item It stops Mercurial from tracking changes to the file, from the
%  time of the next commit.
 \item $B:o=|$9$k%U%!%$%k$X$NJQ99$r<!2s$N%3%_%C%H$+$i(BMercurial$B$,DI@W$7$J$$(B
       $B$h$&$K$9$k!%(B
\end{itemize}
%Removing a file \emph{does not} in any way alter the \emph{history} of
%the file.
$B%U%!%$%k$r$I$N$h$&$K:o=|$7$F$b%U%!%$%k$N(B\emph{$BMzNr(B}$B$OJQ99(B\emph{$B$5$l$J$$(B}$B!%(B

%If you update the working directory to a changeset in which a file
%that you have removed was still tracked, it will reappear in the
%working directory, with the contents it had when you committed that
%changeset.  If you then update the working directory to a later
%changeset, in which the file had been removed, Mercurial will once
%again remove the file from the working directory.

$B%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$r!$>C5n$7$?%U%!%$%k$r4^$`%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$K99?7$9$k(B
$B$H!$%U%!%$%k$O$=$N%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$G$NFbMF$G:F$S%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$K8=(B
$B$l$k!%$=$3$G%U%!%$%k$,>C5n$5$l$F$$$k8e$N%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$K99?7$9$k(B
$B$H!$(BMercurial$B$O%U%!%$%k$r:F$S%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$+$i>C5n$9$k!%(B

%\subsection{Missing files}
\subsection{$B7gMn$7$?%U%!%$%k(B}

%Mercurial considers a file that you have deleted, but not used
%\hgcmd{remove} to delete, to be \emph{missing}.  A missing file is
%represented with ``\texttt{!}'' in the output of \hgcmd{status}.
%Mercurial commands will not generally do anything with missing files.
%\interaction{daily.files.missing}

Mercurial$B$O!$(B\hgcmd{remove}$B$r;H$o$:$K>C5n$5$l$?%U%!%$%k$r(B\emph{$B7gMn(B}$B$7$?(B
$B%U%!%$%k$H$7$F07$&!%7gMn%U%!%$%k$O(B\hgcmd{status}$B%3%^%s%I$N=PNO$G(B
``\texttt{!}''$B$HI=<($5$l$k!%(BMercurial$B$N%3%^%s%I$O!$DL>o!$7gMn$7$?%U%!%$(B
$B%k$K$O2?$b9T$o$J$$!%(B
\interaction{daily.files.missing}

%If your repository contains a file that \hgcmd{status} reports as
%missing, and you want the file to stay gone, you can run
%\hgcmdargs{remove}{\hgopt{remove}{--after}} at any time later on, to
%tell Mercurial that you really did mean to remove the file.
%\interaction{daily.files.remove-after}

$B%j%]%8%H%jFb$G(B\hgcmd{status}$B%3%^%s%I$,7gMn$H%j%]!<%H$9$k%U%!%$%k$,$"$k>l(B
$B9g!$(B\hgcmdargs{remove}{\hgopt{remove}{--after}}$B$r<B9T$7$F!$(BMercurial$B$K7g(B
$BMn%U%!%$%k$,>C5n$5$l$?$b$N$G$"$k$3$H$r;X<($9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B
\interaction{daily.files.remove-after}

%On the other hand, if you deleted the missing file by accident, use
%\hgcmdargs{revert}{\emph{filename}} to recover the file.  It will
%reappear, in unmodified form.
%\interaction{daily.files.recover-missing}

$B0lJ}$G!$8m$C$F%U%!%$%k$r>C5n$7$?>l9g!$(B\hgcmdargs{revert}{\emph{filename}}$B$r(B
$B<B9T$9$k$3$H$G%U%!%$%k$r=$I|$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%%U%!%$%k$O2?$bJQ99$5$l$J$$>uBV(B
$B$G=$I|$5$l$k!%(B
\interaction{daily.files.recover-missing}

%\subsection{Aside: why tell Mercurial explicitly to remove a file?}
\subsection{$B$3$\$lOC(B: $B$J$<(BMercurial$B$X%U%!%$%k$N:o=|$rL@<(E*$K;X<($7$J$1(B
  $B$l$P$J$i$J$$$+(B}

%You might wonder why Mercurial requires you to explicitly tell it that
%you are deleting a file.  Early during the development of Mercurial,
%it let you delete a file however you pleased; Mercurial would notice
%the absence of the file automatically when you next ran a
%\hgcmd{commit}, and stop tracking the file.  In practice, this made it
%too easy to accidentally remove a file without noticing.

$B$J$<(BMercurial$B$K%U%!%$%k$N:o=|$rL@<(E*$K;X<($7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$$N$@$m$&$+!)(B
Mercurial$B$N3+H/$N=i4|$K$O!$%U%!%$%k$,$J$$$3$H$r8!CN$9$k$H!$<!$K(B
\hgcmd{commit}$B$,<B9T$5$l$k;~$K<+F0E*$K%U%!%$%k$NDI@W$r$d$a$F$$$?!%<B:]$K(B
$B;H$C$F$_$k$H$3$NF0:n$G$O%U%!%$%k$rCN$i$:$N$&$A$K<:$&$3$H$,IQH/$7$?$N$G$"(B
$B$k!%(B

%\subsection{Useful shorthand---adding and removing files in one step}
\subsection{$BLr$KN)$D4JN,K!(B---$B%U%!%$%k$NDI2C$H:o=|$r(B1$B%9%F%C%W$G9T$&(B}

%Mercurial offers a combination command, \hgcmd{addremove}, that adds
%untracked files and marks missing files as removed.
%\interaction{daily.files.addremove}
%The \hgcmd{commit} command also provides a \hgopt{commit}{-A} option
%that performs this same add-and-remove, immediately followed by a
%commit.
%\interaction{daily.files.commit-addremove}

Mercurial$B$O(B\hgcmd{addremove}$B$H$$$&AH$_9g$o$;%3%^%s%I$r;}$C$F$$$k!%$3$N%3(B
$B%^%s%I$ODI@W$5$l$F$$$J$$%U%!%$%k72$rDI2C$7!$7gMn$7$F$$$k%U%!%$%k$r>C5n$5(B
$B$l$?$H%^!<%/$9$k!%(B
\interaction{daily.files.addremove}
\hgcmd{commit}$B%3%^%s%I$K$O(B\hgopt{commit}{-A}$B%*%W%7%g%s$,$"$j!$F1$8DI2C$H(B
$B:o=|$NA`:n$r%3%_%C%HD>8e$K9T$&!%(B
\interaction{daily.files.commit-addremove}

%\section{Copying files}
\section{$B%U%!%$%k$N%3%T!<(B}

$BJQ99$r%^!<%8$9$k;~$KFCJL$J<h$j07$$$,$J$5$l$k!%(B

%\subsection{The results of copying during a merge}
\subsection{$B%^!<%8Cf$N%3%T!<$N7k2L(B}

%What happens during a merge is that changes ``follow'' a copy.  To
%best illustrate what this means, let's create an example.  We'll start
%with the usual tiny repository that contains a single file.
%\interaction{daily.copy.init}
%We need to do some work in parallel, so that we'll have something to
%merge.  So let's clone our repository.
%\interaction{daily.copy.clone}
%Back in our initial repository, let's use the \hgcmd{copy} command to
%make a copy of the first file we created.
%\interaction{daily.copy.copy}

$B%^!<%8Cf$K$O!$%3%T!<$K(B``$B=>$&(B''$B$3$H$,5/$-$k!%$3$l$N0UL#$9$k$H$3$m$r<($9$?(B
$B$a$K!$Nc$r5s$2$k$3$H$K$9$k!%$$$D$b$N$h$&$K!$%U%!%$%k(B1$B$D$@$1$r4^$`>.$5$J%j(B
$B%]%8%H%j$r:n@.$9$k!%(B
\interaction{daily.copy.init}
$B%^!<%8$9$Y$-FbMF$r:n$k$?$a$KJB9T$7$F$$$/$D$+$N:n6H$r9T$&I,MW$,$"$k$N$G!$(B
$B%j%]%8%H%j$N%/%m!<%s$r9T$&!%(B
\interaction{daily.copy.clone}
$B:G=i$N%j%]%8%H%j$KLa$C$F!$(B\hgcmd{copy}$B%3%^%s%I$r;H$C$F!$:n@.$7$?%U%!%$%k(B
$B$N%3%T!<$r9T$&!%(B
\interaction{daily.copy.copy}

%If we look at the output of the \hgcmd{status} command afterwards, the
%copied file looks just like a normal added file.
%\interaction{daily.copy.status}
%But if we pass the \hgopt{status}{-C} option to \hgcmd{status}, it
%prints another line of output: this is the file that our newly-added
%file was copied \emph{from}.
%\interaction{daily.copy.status-copy}

$B$=$N8e$G(B\hgcmd{status}$B%3%^%s%I$N=PNO$r8+$k$H%3%T!<$5$l$?%U%!%$%k$ODL>oDL(B
$B$j$KDI2C$5$l$?%U%!%$%k$H$7$F8+$($k!%(B
\interaction{daily.copy.status}
$B$7$+$7(B\hgcmd{status}$B%3%^%s%I$K(B\hgopt{status}{-C}$B%*%W%7%g%s$rEO$9$H!$?7$?(B
$B$KDI2C$5$l$?%U%!%$%k$,(B\emph{$B$I$N(B}$B%U%!%$%k$+$i%3%T!<$5$l$?$N$+$r<($99T$,(B
$B=PNO$5$l$k!%(B
\interaction{daily.copy.status-copy}

%Now, back in the repository we cloned, let's make a change in
%parallel.  We'll add a line of content to the original file that we
%created.
%\interaction{daily.copy.other}
%Now we have a modified \filename{file} in this repository.  When we
%pull the changes from the first repository, and merge the two heads,
%Mercurial will propagate the changes that we made locally to
%\filename{file} into its copy, \filename{new-file}.
%\interaction{daily.copy.merge}

$B$3$3$G%/%m!<%s$7$?%j%]%8%H%j$K$bJQ99$r2C$($k!%:n@.$7$?%U%!%$%k$K0l9T$rDI(B
$B2C$9$k!%(B
\interaction{daily.copy.other}
$B$3$l$G$3$N%j%]%8%H%j$K$bJQ99$5$l$?(B\filename{file}$B$,B8:_$9$k$3$H$K$J(B
$B$k!%$3$3$G:G=i$N%j%]%8%H%j$+$iJQ99$r(Bpull$B$7!$(B2$B$D$N(Bhead$B$r%^!<%8$9$k$H(B
Mercurial$B$O%m!<%+%k$J(B\filename{file}$B$KBP$9$kJQ99$r$=$N%3%T!<(B
\filename{new-file}$B$KGH5Z$5$;$k!%(B
\interaction{daily.copy.merge}

%\subsection{Why should changes follow copies?}
\subsection{$BJQ99$O$J$<%3%T!<$K=>$o$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$$+(B}
\label{sec:daily:why-copy}

%This behaviour, of changes to a file propagating out to copies of the
%file, might seem esoteric, but in most cases it's highly desirable.

$B%U%!%$%k$X$NJQ99$,$=$N%3%T!<$XGH5Z$9$kF0:n$OFq2r$K;W$($k$+$b$7$J$$$,!$B?(B
$B$/$N>l9g$OHs>o$KK>$^$7$$F0:n$G$"$k!%(B

%First of all, remember that this propagation \emph{only} happens when
%you merge.  So if you \hgcmd{copy} a file, and subsequently modify the
%original file during the normal course of your work, nothing will
%happen.

$B$^$:Bh0l$K$3$NGH5Z$O%^!<%8$r9T$&$H$-$K(B\emph{$B$N$_(B}$BH/@8$9$k!%=>$C$F%U%!%$%k(B
$B$r(B\hgcmd{copy}$B$9$k>l9g$d!$DL>o$N:n6H$G%*%j%8%J%k%U%!%$%k$rJQ99$9$k>l9g$O(B
$B2?$b5/$-$J$$!%(B

%The second thing to know is thatmodifications will only propagate
%across a copy as long as the repository that you're pulling changes
%from \emph{doesn't know} about the copy.

$BCN$C$F$*$/$Y$-E@$N(B2$B$DL\$O!$JQ99$r(Bpull$B$9$k%j%]%8%H%j$,!$%3%T!<$K$D$$$F(B
\emph{$B4XCN$7$J$$(B}$B8B$j!$JQ99$OGH5Z$9$k$H$$$&$3$H$G$"$k!%(B

%The reason that Mercurial does this is as follows.  Let's say I make
%an important bug fix in a source file, and commit my changes.
%Meanwhile, you've decided to \hgcmd{copy} the file in your repository,
%without knowing about the bug or having seen the fix, and you have
%started hacking on your copy of the file.

Mercurial$B$,$3$N$h$&$KF0:n$9$kM}M3$r@bL@$9$k!%:#!$;d$,=EMW$J%P%0=$@5$r(B1$B$D(B
$B$N%=!<%9%U%!%$%k$K$D$$$F9T$$!$JQ99$r%3%_%C%H$7$?$H$9$k!%$=$N4V!$$"$J$?$O(B
$B<+J,$N%j%]%8%H%j$NCf$G!$$=$N%P%0$"$k$$$O=$@5$rCN$i$:!$$=$N%U%!%$%k$N(B
\hgcmd{copy}$B$r9T$$!$%U%!%$%k$NJQ99$r;O$a$?$H$9$k!%(B

%If you pulled and merged my changes, and Mercurial \emph{didn't}
%propagate changes across copies, your source file would now contain
%the bug, and unless you remembered to propagate the bug fix by hand,
%the bug would \emph{remain} in your copy of the file.

$B$"$J$?$,;d$N9T$C$?JQ99$r(Bpull$B$7!$(Bmerge$B$7$?>l9g!$(BMercurial$B$OJQ99$r%3%T!<4V(B
$B$GGH5Z$5$;$J$$!%$"$J$?$N%=!<%9%U%!%$%k:#%P%0$r;}$C$F$$$k$+$b$7$l$J$$$,!$(B
$B%P%0=$@5$r<j$GGH5Z$5$;$J$1$l$P%P%0$O%U%!%$%k$N%3%T!<$K(B\emph{$B;D$k(B}$B!%(B

%By automatically propagating the change that fixed the bug from the
%original file to the copy, Mercurial prevents this class of problem.
%To my knowledge, Mercurial is the \emph{only} revision control system
%that propagates changes across copies like this.

$B%P%0$r=$@5$9$kJQ99$r<+F0E*$K%*%j%8%J%k%U%!%$%k$+$i%3%T!<$XGH5Z$5$;$k$3$H(B
$B$K$h$C$F!$(BMercurial$B$O$3$NN`$NLdBj$rHr$1$F$$$k!%;d$NCN$k8B(B
$B$j!$(BMercurial$B$O!$$3$N$h$&$J%3%T!<4V$GJQ99$rGH5Z$5$;$kM#0l$N%j%S%8%g%s%3%s(B
$B%H%m!<%k%7%9%F%`$G$"$k!%(B

%Once your change history has a record that the copy and subsequent
%merge occurred, there's usually no further need to propagate changes
%from the original file to the copied file, and that's why Mercurial
%only propagates changes across copies until this point, and no
%further.

$B%3%T!<$H8eB3$N%^!<%8$,5/$3$C$?$3$H$,99?7MzNr$K4^$^$l$k>l9g!$JQ99$r%*%j%8(B
$B%J%k%U%!%$%k$+$i%3%T!<$5$l$?%U%!%$%k$X$5$i$KGH5Z$5$;$kI,MW$O$J$$!%$3$l$,(B
Mercurial$B$,$3$N;~E@$^$G$N$_JQ99$r%3%T!<4V$GGH5Z$5$;!$$=$N8e$G$O9T$o$J$$M}(B
$BM3$G$"$k!%(B

%\subsection{How to make changes \emph{not} follow a copy}
\subsection{$BJQ99$,%3%T!<$K=>$o$J$$$h$&$K$9$kJ}K!(B}

%If, for some reason, you decide that this business of automatically
%propagating changes across copies is not for you, simply use your
%system's normal file copy command (on Unix-like systems, that's
%\command{cp}) to make a copy of a file, then \hgcmd{add} the new copy
%by hand.  Before you do so, though, please do reread
%section~\ref{sec:daily:why-copy}, and make an informed decision that
%this behaviour is not appropriate to your specific case.

$B2?$i$+$NM}M3$G$3$N$h$&$KJQ99$,<+F0E*$KGH5Z$9$k$d$jJ}$,9%$^$7$/$J$$$H;W$o(B
$B$l$k>l9g$O!$%7%9%F%`I8=`$N$"%U%!%$%k%3%T!<%3%^%s%I!J(BUNIX$B7O%7%9%F%`$G$O(B
\command{cp}$B!K$r;H$C$F%U%!%$%k$N%3%T!<$r9T$$!$(B\hgcmd{add}$B$G?7$7$$%3%T!<$r(B
$B<jF0$GDI2C$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%$3$l$r<B:]$K9T$&A0(B
$B$K!$(B~\ref{sec:daily:why-copy}$B@a$r:FFI$7!$$3$N$d$jJ}$N>\:Y$rF'$^$($?>e$G!$(B
$B$"$J$?$N%1!<%9$KE,$7$F$$$k$+H=CG$7$F$[$7$$!%(B

%\subsection{Behaviour of the \hgcmd{copy} command}
\subsection{\hgcmd{copy}$B%3%^%s%I$N5sF0(B}

%When you use the \hgcmd{copy} command, Mercurial makes a copy of each
%source file as it currently stands in the working directory.  This
%means that if you make some modifications to a file, then \hgcmd{copy}
%it without first having committed those changes, the new copy will
%also contain the modifications you have made up until that point.  (I
%find this behaviour a little counterintuitive, which is why I mention
%it here.)

\hgcmd{copy}$B%3%^%s%I$r;H$&;~!$(BMercurial$B$O%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%jFb$N%U%!%$(B
$B%k$r$=$N;~E@$N>uBV$G%3%T!<$9$k!%$9$J$o$A!$%U%!%$%k$K2?$i$+$NJQ99$r2C$(!$(B
$BJQ99$N%3%_%C%H$r$;$:$K(B\hgcmd{copy}$B$r9T$&$H!$?7$?$J%3%T!<$b$=$N;~E@$^$G$K(B
$B2C$($?JQ99$r4^$s$G$$$k!%(B $B!JI.<T$O$3$N5sF0$O$d$dD>4Q$KH?$9$k$H9M$($F$$$k$?(B
$B$a!$4:$($F$3$3$G8@5Z$7$?!%!K(B

%The \hgcmd{copy} command acts similarly to the Unix \command{cp}
%command (you can use the \hgcmd{cp} alias if you prefer).  The last
%argument is the \emph{destination}, and all prior arguments are
%\emph{sources}.  If you pass it a single file as the source, and the
%destination does not exist, it creates a new file with that name.
%\interaction{daily.copy.simple}
%If the destination is a directory, Mercurial copies its sources into
%that directory.
%\interaction{daily.copy.dir-dest}
%Copying a directory is recursive, and preserves the directory
%structure of the source.
%\interaction{daily.copy.dir-src}
%If the source and destination are both directories, the source tree is
%recreated in the destination directory.
%\interaction{daily.copy.dir-src-dest}

\hgcmd{copy}$B%3%^%s%I$O(BUnix$B$N(B\command{cp}$B$HF1MM$K?6Iq$&!%!J(B\hgcmd{cp}$B%(%$(B
$B%j%"%9$rDj5A$7$F;H$&$3$H$b2DG=$@!%!K0z?t$N:G8e$O(B\emph{$B%3%T!<@h(B}$B$G!$$=$l0J(B
$BA0$N0z?t$O(B\emph{$B%3%T!<85(B}$B$G$"$k!%%3%T!<85$H$7$FC10l$N%U%!%$%k$r;XDj$7!$%3(B
$B%T!<@h%U%!%$%k$,B8:_$7$J$$>l9g!$%3%^%s%I$O%3%T!<@h%U%!%$%k$r?75,$K:n@.$9(B
$B$k!%(B
\interaction{daily.copy.simple}
$B%3%T!<@h$,%G%#%l%/%H%j$N>l9g!$(BMercurial$B$O%3%T!<85$r%3%T!<@h%G%#%l%/%H%j(B
$B$NCf$K%3%T!<$9$k!%(B
\interaction{daily.copy.dir-dest}
$B%G%#%l%/%H%j$N%3%T!<$O:F5"E*$G!$%3%T!<85$N%G%#%l%/%H%j9=B$$rJ]$D!%(B
\interaction{daily.copy.dir-src}
$B%3%T!<85$H%3%T!<@h$,6&$K%G%#%l%/%H%j$N>l9g!$%3%T!<85$N%D%j!<9=B$$,%3%T!<(B
$B@h$N%G%#%l%/%H%j$NCf$K:F8=$5$l$k!%(B
\interaction{daily.copy.dir-src-dest}

%As with the \hgcmd{rename} command, if you copy a file manually and
%then want Mercurial to know that you've copied the file, simply use
%the \hgopt{copy}{--after} option to \hgcmd{copy}.
%\interaction{daily.copy.after}

\hgcmd{rename}$B%3%^%s%I$HF1MM$K!$%U%!%$%k$r<jF0$G%3%T!<$7$?8e$G!$(BMercurial$B$K(B
$BA`:n$rDLCN$7$?$$>l9g$O!$(B\hgcmd{copy}$B%3%^%s%I$K(B\hgopt{copy}{--after}$B%*%W(B
$B%7%g%s$rIU$1$l$P$h$$!%(B
\interaction{daily.copy.after}

%\section{Renaming files}
\section{$B%U%!%$%k$N%j%M!<%`(B}

%It's rather more common to need to rename a file than to make a copy
%of it.  The reason I discussed the \hgcmd{copy} command before talking
%about renaming files is that Mercurial treats a rename in essentially
%the same way as a copy.  Therefore, knowing what Mercurial does when
%you copy a file tells you what to expect when you rename a file.

$B%U%!%$%k$r%j%M!<%`$9$k$3$H$O%U%!%$%k$N%3%T!<$h$j$b$h$/9T$o$l$k!%%U%!%$%k(B
$B$N%j%M!<%`$h$j$bA0$K(B\hgcmd{copy}$B$K$D$$$F=R$Y$?M}M3$O!$(B Mercurial$B$,K\<AE*(B
$B$K%j%M!<%`$r%3%T!<$HF1MM$K07$&$+$i$G$"$k!%=>$C$F!$%U%!%$%k$r%3%T!<$9$k;~(B
$B$K(BMercurial$B$,9T$&$3$H$rCN$k$3$H$O!$%j%M!<%`$N:]$K5/$3$k$3$H$rCN$k$3$H$K$J(B
$B$k!%(B

%When you use the \hgcmd{rename} command, Mercurial makes a copy of
%each source file, then deletes it and marks the file as removed.
%\interaction{daily.rename.rename}
%The \hgcmd{status} command shows the newly copied file as added, and
%the copied-from file as removed.
%\interaction{daily.rename.status}

\hgcmd{rename}$B%3%^%s%I$r;H$&;~!$(BMercurial$B$O3F!9$N%=!<%9%U%!%$%k$r%3%T!<(B
$B$7!$85$N%U%!%$%k$r:o=|$7$F!$>C5n:Q$_$H%^!<%/$9$k!%(B
\interaction{daily.rename.rename}
\hgcmd{status}$B%3%^%s%I$O?7$?$K%3%T!<$5$l$?%U%!%$%k$rDI2C$5$l$?%U%!%$%k$H(B
$B$7$FI=<($7!$%3%T!<$5$l$?%U%!%$%k$r>C5n$5$l$?%U%!%$%k$HI=<($9$k!%(B
\interaction{daily.rename.status}

%As with the results of a \hgcmd{copy}, we must use the
%\hgopt{status}{-C} option to \hgcmd{status} to see that the added file
%is really being tracked by Mercurial as a copy of the original, now
%removed, file.
%\interaction{daily.rename.status-copy}

\hgcmd{copy}$B%3%^%s%I$N>l9g$HF1MM$K!$(B \hgcmd{status}$B%3%^%s%I$K(B
\hgopt{status}{-C}$B%*%W%7%g%s$rMQ$$$F!$DI2C$5$l$?%U%!%$%k$,>C5n$5$l$?%*%j(B
$B%8%J%k%U%!%$%k$N%3%T!<$H$7$F(BMercurial$B$KDI@W$5$l$F$$$k$N$+$rD4$Y$k$3$H$,$G(B
$B$-$k!%(B
\interaction{daily.rename.status-copy}

%As with \hgcmd{remove} and \hgcmd{copy}, you can tell Mercurial about
%a rename after the fact using the \hgopt{rename}{--after} option.  In
%most other respects, the behaviour of the \hgcmd{rename} command, and
%the options it accepts, are similar to the \hgcmd{copy} command.

\hgcmd{remove}$B$H(B\hgcmd{copy}$B$N$h$&$K!$(B\hgopt{rename}{--after}$B%*%W%7%g%s$r(B
$B;H$&$3$H$G!$;v8e$K%j%M!<%`$r$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%B?$/$NE@$G(B\hgcmd{rename}$B%3(B
$B%^%s%I$N5sF0$H!$$3$N%3%^%s%I$,<u$1F~$l$k%*%W%7%g%s$O(B\hgcmd{copy}$B%3%^%s%I(B
$B$HN`;w$7$F$$$k!%(B

%\subsection{Renaming files and merging changes}
\subsection{$B%U%!%$%k$N%j%M!<%`$HJQ99$N%^!<%8(B}

%Since Mercurial's rename is implemented as copy-and-remove, the same