comparison po/zh.po @ 740:8b73656f95c9

Update file location in po files

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# ...
#
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: hgbook 1.2\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-03-12 16:06+0800\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-03-16 18:32+0800\n"
"Last-Translator: \n"
"Language-Team: Simplified Chinese <[e-mail] >\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"

msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:253
msgid ""
"Figure <xref linkend=\"fig.tour-basic.history\"/> provides a graphical "
"representation of the history of the <filename class=\"directory\">hello</"
"filename> repository, to make it a little easier to see which direction "
"history is <quote>flowing</quote> in.  We'll be returning to this figure "
"several times in this chapter and the chapter that follows."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:263
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/tour-history.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:264 ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:48
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:76 ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:124
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:181 ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:248
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:54 ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:104
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:189 ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:293
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:342 ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:356
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:396 ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:415
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:456 ../en/ch06-collab.xml:275
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:363 ../en/ch09-undo.xml:411 ../en/ch09-undo.xml:476
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:516 ../en/ch12-mq.xml:408
msgid "XXX add text"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:265
msgid ""
"Graphical history of the <filename class=\"directory\">hello</filename> "
"repository"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:272
msgid "Changesets, revisions, and talking to other people"
msgstr "改变集，版本，与其它用户交互"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:275
msgid ""
"As English is a notoriously sloppy language, and computer science has a "
"hallowed history of terminological confusion (why use one term when four will "
"do?), revision control has a variety of words and phrases that mean the same "
"thing.  If you are talking about Mercurial history with other people, you "

"<quote>change</quote> or (when written)  <quote>cset</quote>, and sometimes a "
"changeset is referred to as a <quote>revision</quote> or a <quote>rev</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:285
msgid ""
"While it doesn't matter what <emphasis>word</emphasis> you use to refer to "
"the concept of <quote>a changeset</quote>, the <emphasis>identifier</"
"emphasis> that you use to refer to <quote>a <emphasis>specific</emphasis> "
"changeset</quote> is of great importance. Recall that the <literal>changeset</"
"literal> field in the output from <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> "
"identifies a changeset using both a number and a hexadecimal string."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:294
msgid ""
"The revision number is <emphasis>only valid in that repository</emphasis>,"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:296
msgid ""
"while the hex string is the <emphasis>permanent, unchanging identifier</"
"emphasis> that will always identify that exact changeset in <emphasis>every</"
"emphasis> copy of the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:301
msgid ""
"This distinction is important.  If you send someone an email talking about "
"<quote>revision 33</quote>, there's a high likelihood that their revision 33 "
"will <emphasis>not be the same</emphasis> as yours.  The reason for this is "
"that a revision number depends on the order in which changes arrived in a "

"the same order in different repositories. Three changes $a,b,c$ can easily "
"appear in one repository as $0,1,2$, while in another as $1,0,2$."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:311
msgid ""
"Mercurial uses revision numbers purely as a convenient shorthand.  If you "
"need to discuss a changeset with someone, or make a record of a changeset for "
"some other reason (for example, in a bug report), use the hexadecimal "
"identifier."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:319
msgid "Viewing specific revisions"
msgstr "察看指定版本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:321
msgid ""
"To narrow the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> down to a "
"single revision, use the <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">-r</option> (or <option "
"role=\"hg-opt-log\">--rev</option>) option.  You can use either a revision "
"number or a long-form changeset identifier, and you can provide as many "
"revisions as you want."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:330
msgid ""
"If you want to see the history of several revisions without having to list "
"each one, you can use <emphasis>range notation</emphasis>; this lets you "
"express the idea <quote>I want all revisions between <literal>abc</literal> "
"and <literal>def</literal>, inclusive</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:338
msgid ""
"Mercurial also honours the order in which you specify revisions, so <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log -r 2:4</command> prints 2, 3, and 4. while <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log -r 4:2</command> prints 4, 3, and 2."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:345
msgid "More detailed information"
msgstr "更详细的信息"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:347
msgid ""
"While the summary information printed by <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</"
"command> is useful if you already know what you're looking for, you may need "
"to see a complete description of the change, or a list of the files changed, "
"if you're trying to decide whether a changeset is the one you're looking for. "

"global\">-v</option> (or <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">--verbose</option>) "
"option gives you this extra detail."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:359
msgid ""
"If you want to see both the description and content of a change, add the "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-log\">-p</option> (or <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">--"
"patch</option>) option.  This displays the content of a change as a "
"<emphasis>unified diff</emphasis> (if you've never seen a unified diff "
"before, see section <xref linkend=\"sec.mq.patch\"/> for an overview)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:372
msgid "All about command options"
msgstr "命令选项"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:374
msgid ""
"Let's take a brief break from exploring Mercurial commands to discuss a "
"pattern in the way that they work; you may find this useful to keep in mind "
"as we continue our tour."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:378
msgid ""
"Mercurial has a consistent and straightforward approach to dealing with the "
"options that you can pass to commands.  It follows the conventions for "
"options that are common to modern Linux and Unix systems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:383
msgid ""
"Every option has a long name.  For example, as we've already seen, the "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> command accepts a <option role=\"hg-"
"opt-log\">--rev</option> option."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:387
msgid ""
"Most options have short names, too.  Instead of <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">--"
"rev</option>, we can use <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">-r</option>.  (The "
"reason that some options don't have short names is that the options in "
"question are rarely used.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:392
msgid ""
"Long options start with two dashes (e.g. <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">--rev</"
"option>), while short options start with one (e.g. <option role=\"hg-opt-log"
"\">-r</option>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:396
msgid ""
"Option naming and usage is consistent across commands.  For example, every "
"command that lets you specify a changeset ID or revision number accepts both "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-log\">-r</option> and <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">--"
"rev</option> arguments."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:402
msgid ""
"In the examples throughout this book, I use short options instead of long.  "
"This just reflects my own preference, so don't read anything significant into "
"it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:406
msgid ""
"Most commands that print output of some kind will print more output when "
"passed a <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-v</option> (or <option role=\"hg-opt-"
"global\">--verbose</option>) option, and less when passed <option role=\"hg-"
"opt-global\">-q</option> (or <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">--quiet</option>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:414
msgid "Making and reviewing changes"
msgstr "创建和复审修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:416
msgid ""
"Now that we have a grasp of viewing history in Mercurial, let's take a look "
"at making some changes and examining them."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:420
msgid ""
"The first thing we'll do is isolate our experiment in a repository of its "
"own.  We use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg clone</command> command, but we "
"don't need to clone a copy of the remote repository.  Since we already have a "
"copy of it locally, we can just clone that instead.  This is much faster than "
"cloning over the network, and cloning a local repository uses less disk space "
"in most cases, too."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:430
msgid ""
"As an aside, it's often good practice to keep a <quote>pristine</quote> copy "
"of a remote repository around, which you can then make temporary clones of to "
"create sandboxes for each task you want to work on.  This lets you work on "
"multiple tasks in parallel, each isolated from the others until it's complete "

"there's almost no overhead to cloning and destroying repositories whenever "
"you want."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:439
msgid ""
"In our <filename class=\"directory\">my-hello</filename> repository, we have "
"a file <filename>hello.c</filename> that contains the classic <quote>hello, "
"world</quote> program. Let's use the ancient and venerable <command>sed</"
"command> command to edit this file so that it prints a second line of "

"constraint, you probably won't want to use <command>sed</command>; simply use "
"your preferred text editor to do the same thing.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:452
msgid ""
"Mercurial's <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> command will tell us "
"what Mercurial knows about the files in the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:458
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> command prints no output for "
"some files, but a line starting with <quote><literal>M</literal></quote> for "
"<filename>hello.c</filename>.  Unless you tell it to, <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg status</command> will not print any output for files that have not been "
"modified."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:465
msgid ""
"The <quote><literal>M</literal></quote> indicates that Mercurial has noticed "
"that we modified <filename>hello.c</filename>.  We didn't need to "
"<emphasis>inform</emphasis> Mercurial that we were going to modify the file "
"before we started, or that we had modified the file after we were done; it "
"was able to figure this out itself."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:473
msgid ""
"It's a little bit helpful to know that we've modified <filename>hello.c</"
"filename>, but we might prefer to know exactly <emphasis>what</emphasis> "
"changes we've made to it.  To do this, we use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"diff</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:483
msgid "Recording changes in a new changeset"
msgstr "在新修改集中记录修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:485
msgid ""
"We can modify files, build and test our changes, and use <command role=\"hg-"
"cmd\">hg status</command> and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> to "
"review our changes, until we're satisfied with what we've done and arrive at "
"a natural stopping point where we want to record our work in a new changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:492
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> command lets us create a new "
"changeset; we'll usually refer to this as <quote>making a commit</quote> or "
"<quote>committing</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:498
msgid "Setting up a username"
msgstr "配置用户名称"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:500
msgid ""
"When you try to run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> for the "
"first time, it is not guaranteed to succeed.  Mercurial records your name and "
"address with each change that you commit, so that you and others will later "
"be able to tell who made each change.  Mercurial tries to automatically "
"figure out a sensible username to commit the change with.  It will attempt "
"each of the following methods, in order:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:509
msgid ""
"If you specify a <option role=\"hg-opt-commit\">-u</option> option to the "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> command on the command line, "
"followed by a username, this is always given the highest precedence."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:514
msgid ""
"If you have set the <envar>HGUSER</envar> environment variable, this is "
"checked next."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:517
msgid ""
"If you create a file in your home directory called <filename role=\"special"
"\">.hgrc</filename>, with a <envar role=\"rc-item-ui\">username</envar> "
"entry, that will be used next.  To see what the contents of this file should "
"look like, refer to section <xref linkend=\"sec.tour-basic.username\"/> below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:524
msgid ""
"If you have set the <envar>EMAIL</envar> environment variable, this will be "
"used next."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:527
msgid ""
"Mercurial will query your system to find out your local user name and host "
"name, and construct a username from these components. Since this often "
"results in a username that is not very useful, it will print a warning if it "
"has to do this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:534
msgid ""
"If all of these mechanisms fail, Mercurial will fail, printing an error "
"message.  In this case, it will not let you commit until you set up a "
"username."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:538
msgid ""
"You should think of the <envar>HGUSER</envar> environment variable and the "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-commit\">-u</option> option to the <command role=\"hg-"
"cmd\">hg commit</command> command as ways to <emphasis>override</emphasis> "
"Mercurial's default selection of username.  For normal use, the simplest and "
"most robust way to set a username for yourself is by creating a <filename "
"role=\"special\">.hgrc</filename> file; see below for details."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:547
msgid "Creating a Mercurial configuration file"
msgstr "创建 Mercurial 的配置文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:549
msgid ""
"To set a user name, use your favourite editor to create a file called "
"<filename role=\"special\">.hgrc</filename> in your home directory.  "
"Mercurial will use this file to look up your personalised configuration "
"settings.  The initial contents of your <filename role=\"special\">.hgrc</"
"filename> should look like this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:560
msgid ""
"The <quote><literal>[ui]</literal></quote> line begins a <emphasis>section</"
"emphasis> of the config file, so you can read the <quote><literal>username "
"= ...</literal></quote> line as meaning <quote>set the value of the "
"<literal>username</literal> item in the <literal>ui</literal> section</"

"file.  Mercurial ignores empty lines and treats any text from "
"<quote><literal>#</literal></quote> to the end of a line as a comment."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:573
msgid "Choosing a user name"
msgstr "选择用户名称"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:575
msgid ""
"You can use any text you like as the value of the <literal>username</literal> "
"config item, since this information is for reading by other people, but for "
"interpreting by Mercurial.  The convention that most people follow is to use "
"their name and email address, as in the example above."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><note><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:582
msgid ""
"Mercurial's built-in web server obfuscates email addresses, to make it more "
"difficult for the email harvesting tools that spammers use. This reduces the "
"likelihood that you'll start receiving more junk email if you publish a "
"Mercurial repository on the web."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:592
msgid "Writing a commit message"
msgstr "写提交日志"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:594
msgid ""
"When we commit a change, Mercurial drops us into a text editor, to enter a "
"message that will describe the modifications we've made in this changeset.  "
"This is called the <emphasis>commit message</emphasis>.  It will be a record "
"for readers of what we did and why, and it will be printed by <command role="
"\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> after we've finished committing."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:604
msgid ""
"The editor that the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> command "
"drops us into will contain an empty line, followed by a number of lines "
"starting with <quote><literal>HG:</literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:611
msgid ""
"Mercurial ignores the lines that start with <quote><literal>HG:</literal></"
"quote>; it uses them only to tell us which files it's recording changes to.  "
"Modifying or deleting these lines has no effect."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:617
msgid "Writing a good commit message"
msgstr "写好提交日志"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:619
msgid ""
"Since <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> only prints the first line of "
"a commit message by default, it's best to write a commit message whose first "
"line stands alone.  Here's a real example of a commit message that "
"<emphasis>doesn't</emphasis> follow this guideline, and hence has a summary "
"that is not readable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:633
msgid ""
"As far as the remainder of the contents of the commit message are concerned, "
"there are no hard-and-fast rules.  Mercurial itself doesn't interpret or care "
"about the contents of the commit message, though your project may have "
"policies that dictate a certain kind of formatting."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:639
msgid ""
"My personal preference is for short, but informative, commit messages that "
"tell me something that I can't figure out with a quick glance at the output "
"of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log --patch</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:646
msgid "Aborting a commit"
msgstr "终止提交"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:648
msgid ""
"If you decide that you don't want to commit while in the middle of editing a "
"commit message, simply exit from your editor without saving the file that "
"it's editing.  This will cause nothing to happen to either the repository or "
"the working directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:653
msgid ""
"If we run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> command without "
"any arguments, it records all of the changes we've made, as reported by "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"diff</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:660
msgid "Admiring our new handiwork"
msgstr "欣赏我们的新手艺"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:662
msgid ""
"Once we've finished the commit, we can use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"tip</command> command to display the changeset we just created.  This command "
"produces output that is identical to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</"
"command>, but it only displays the newest revision in the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:671
msgid ""
"We refer to the newest revision in the repository as the tip revision, or "
"simply the tip."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:678
msgid "Sharing changes"
msgstr "共享修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:680
msgid ""
"We mentioned earlier that repositories in Mercurial are self-contained.  This "
"means that the changeset we just created exists only in our <filename class="
"\"directory\">my-hello</filename> repository.  Let's look at a few ways that "
"we can propagate this change into other repositories."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:688
msgid "Pulling changes from another repository"
msgstr "从其它版本库取得修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:689
msgid ""
"To get started, let's clone our original <filename class=\"directory\">hello</"
"filename> repository, which does not contain the change we just committed.  "
"We'll call our temporary repository <filename class=\"directory\">hello-pull</"
"filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:697
msgid ""
"We'll use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> command to bring "
"changes from <filename class=\"directory\">my-hello</filename> into <filename "
"class=\"directory\">hello-pull</filename>.  However, blindly pulling unknown "
"changes into a repository is a somewhat scary prospect.  Mercurial provides "

"<emphasis>would</emphasis> pull into the repository, without actually pulling "
"the changes in."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:710
msgid ""
"(Of course, someone could cause more changesets to appear in the repository "
"that we ran <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg incoming</command> in, before we get "
"a chance to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> the changes, so that "
"we could end up pulling changes that we didn't expect.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:717
msgid ""
"Bringing changes into a repository is a simple matter of running the <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> command, and telling it which repository to "
"pull from."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:724
msgid ""
"As you can see from the before-and-after output of <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg tip</command>, we have successfully pulled changes into our "
"repository.  There remains one step before we can see these changes in the "
"working directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:732
msgid "Updating the working directory"
msgstr "更新工作目录"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:734
msgid ""
"We have so far glossed over the relationship between a repository and its "
"working directory.  The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> command "
"that we ran in section <xref linkend=\"sec.tour.pull\"/> brought changes into "
"the repository, but if we check, there's no sign of those changes in the "

"command> does not (by default) touch the working directory.  Instead, we use "
"the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> command to do this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:746
msgid ""
"It might seem a bit strange that <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> "
"doesn't update the working directory automatically.  There's actually a good "
"reason for this: you can use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> to "
"update the working directory to the state it was in at <emphasis>any "

"automatically updated the working directory to a new revision, you might not "
"be terribly happy."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:757
msgid ""
"However, since pull-then-update is such a common thing to do, Mercurial lets "
"you combine the two by passing the <option role=\"hg-opt-pull\">-u</option> "
"option to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:762
msgid ""
"If you look back at the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> "
"in section <xref linkend=\"sec.tour.pull\"/> when we ran it without <option "
"role=\"hg-opt-pull\">-u</option>, you can see that it printed a helpful "
"reminder that we'd have to take an explicit step to update the working "
"directory:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:771
msgid ""
"To find out what revision the working directory is at, use the <command role="
"\"hg-cmd\">hg parents</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:777
msgid ""
"If you look back at figure <xref linkend=\"fig.tour-basic.history\"/>, you'll "
"see arrows connecting each changeset.  The node that the arrow leads "
"<emphasis>from</emphasis> in each case is a parent, and the node that the "
"arrow leads <emphasis>to</emphasis> is its child.  The working directory has "
"a parent in just the same way; this is the changeset that the working "
"directory currently contains."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:786
msgid ""
"To update the working directory to a particular revision, give a revision "
"number or changeset ID to the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> "
"command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:793
msgid ""
"If you omit an explicit revision, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</"
"command> will update to the tip revision, as shown by the second call to "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> in the example above."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:801
msgid "Pushing changes to another repository"
msgstr "发布修改到其它版本库"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:803
msgid ""
"Mercurial lets us push changes to another repository, from the repository "
"we're currently visiting.  As with the example of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"pull</command> above, we'll create a temporary repository to push our changes "
"into."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:811
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg outgoing</command> command tells us what "
"changes would be pushed into another repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:817
msgid ""
"And the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg push</command> command does the actual "
"push."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:823
msgid ""
"As with <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command>, the <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg push</command> command does not update the working directory in the "
"repository that it's pushing changes into. (Unlike <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg pull</command>, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg push</command> does not "
"provide a <literal>-u</literal> option that updates the other repository's "
"working directory.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:832
msgid ""
"What happens if we try to pull or push changes and the receiving repository "
"already has those changes? Nothing too exciting."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:839
msgid "Sharing changes over a network"
msgstr "通过网络共享修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:841
msgid ""
"The commands we have covered in the previous few sections are not limited to "
"working with local repositories.  Each works in exactly the same fashion over "
"a network connection; simply pass in a URL instead of a local path."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:849
msgid ""
"In this example, we can see what changes we could push to the remote "
"repository, but the repository is understandably not set up to let anonymous "
"users push to it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:37
msgid ""
"We should now have two copies of <filename>hello.c</filename> with different "
"contents.  The histories of the two repositories have also diverged, as "
"illustrated in figure <xref linkend=\"fig.tour-merge.sep-repos\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:47
msgid ""

"filename> and <filename class=\"directory\">my-new-hello</filename> "
"repositories"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:56
msgid ""
"We already know that pulling changes from our <filename class=\"directory"
"\">my-hello</filename> repository will have no effect on the working "
"directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:62
msgid ""
"However, the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> command says "
"something about <quote>heads</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:66
msgid "Head changesets"
msgstr "顶点改变集"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:68
msgid ""
"A head is a change that has no descendants, or children, as they're also "
"known.  The tip revision is thus a head, because the newest revision in a "
"repository doesn't have any children, but a repository can contain more than "
"one head."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:75
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/tour-merge-pull.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:78
msgid ""
"Repository contents after pulling from <filename class=\"directory\">my-"
"hello</filename> into <filename class=\"directory\">my-new-hello</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:85
msgid ""
"In figure <xref linkend=\"fig.tour-merge.pull\"/>, you can see the effect of "
"the pull from <filename class=\"directory\">my-hello</filename> into "
"<filename class=\"directory\">my-new-hello</filename>.  The history that was "
"already present in <filename class=\"directory\">my-new-hello</filename> is "
"untouched, but a new revision has been added.  By referring to figure <xref "
"linkend=\"fig.tour-merge.sep-repos\"/>, we can see that the "
"<emphasis>changeset ID</emphasis> remains the same in the new repository, but "
"the <emphasis>revision number</emphasis> has changed.  (This, incidentally, "
"is a fine example of why it's not safe to use revision numbers when "
"discussing changesets.)  We can view the heads in a repository using the "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg heads</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:104
msgid "Performing the merge"
msgstr "执行合并"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:106
msgid ""
"What happens if we try to use the normal <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</"
"command> command to update to the new tip?"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:112
msgid ""
"Mercurial is telling us that the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> "
"command won't do a merge; it won't update the working directory when it "
"thinks we might be wanting to do a merge, unless we force it to do so.  "
"Instead, we use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</command> command to "
"merge the two heads."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:123
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/tour-merge-merge.png\"/></"
"imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:126
msgid "Working directory and repository during merge, and following commit"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:131
msgid ""
"This updates the working directory so that it contains changes from "
"<emphasis>both</emphasis> heads, which is reflected in both the output of "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg parents</command> and the contents of "
"<filename>hello.c</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:141
msgid "Committing the results of the merge"
msgstr "提交合并结果"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:143
msgid ""
"Whenever we've done a merge, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg parents</command> "
"will display two parents until we <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</"
"command> the results of the merge."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:150
msgid ""
"We now have a new tip revision; notice that it has <emphasis>both</emphasis> "
"of our former heads as its parents.  These are the same revisions that were "
"previously displayed by <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg parents</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:157
msgid ""
"In figure <xref linkend=\"fig.tour-merge.merge\"/>, you can see a "
"representation of what happens to the working directory during the merge, and "
"how this affects the repository when the commit happens.  During the merge, "
"the working directory has two parent changesets, and these become the parents "
"of the new changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:168
msgid "Merging conflicting changes"
msgstr "合并有冲突的改变"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:170
msgid ""
"Most merges are simple affairs, but sometimes you'll find yourself merging "
"changes where each modifies the same portions of the same files.  Unless both "
"modifications are identical, this results in a <emphasis>conflict</emphasis>, "
"where you have to decide how to reconcile the different changes into "

msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:180
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/tour-merge-conflict.png\"/></"
"imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:182
msgid "Conflicting changes to a document"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:186
msgid ""
"Figure <xref linkend=\"fig.tour-merge.conflict\"/> illustrates an instance of "
"two conflicting changes to a document.  We started with a single version of "
"the file; then we made some changes; while someone else made different "
"changes to the same text.  Our task in resolving the conflicting changes is "
"to decide what the file should look like."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:193
msgid ""
"Mercurial doesn't have a built-in facility for handling conflicts. Instead, "
"it runs an external program called <command>hgmerge</command>.  This is a "
"shell script that is bundled with Mercurial; you can change it to behave "
"however you please.  What it does by default is try to find one of several "

"(because the resolution process requires human guidance) or aren't present, "
"the script tries a few different graphical merging tools."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:204
msgid ""
"It's also possible to get Mercurial to run another program or script instead "
"of <command>hgmerge</command>, by setting the <envar>HGMERGE</envar> "
"environment variable to the name of your preferred program."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:210
msgid "Using a graphical merge tool"
msgstr "使用图形合并工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:212
msgid ""
"My preferred graphical merge tool is <command>kdiff3</command>, which I'll "
"use to describe the features that are common to graphical file merging "
"tools.  You can see a screenshot of <command>kdiff3</command> in action in "
"figure <xref linkend=\"fig.tour-merge.kdiff3\"/>.  The kind of merge it is "
"performing is called a <emphasis>three-way merge</emphasis>, because there "
"are three different versions of the file of interest to us.  The tool thus "
"splits the upper portion of the window into three panes:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:222
msgid ""
"At the left is the <emphasis>base</emphasis> version of the file, i.e. the "
"most recent version from which the two versions we're trying to merge are "
"descended."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:227
msgid ""
"In the middle is <quote>our</quote> version of the file, with the contents "
"that we modified."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:230
msgid ""
"On the right is <quote>their</quote> version of the file, the one that from "
"the changeset that we're trying to merge with."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:234
msgid ""
"In the pane below these is the current <emphasis>result</emphasis> of the "
"merge. Our task is to replace all of the red text, which indicates unresolved "
"conflicts, with some sensible merger of the <quote>ours</quote> and "
"<quote>theirs</quote> versions of the file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:241
msgid ""
"All four of these panes are <emphasis>locked together</emphasis>; if we "
"scroll vertically or horizontally in any of them, the others are updated to "
"display the corresponding sections of their respective files."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:247
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata width=\"100%\" fileref=\"images/kdiff3.png\"/></"
"imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:250
msgid "Using <command>kdiff3</command> to merge versions of a file"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:255
msgid ""
"For each conflicting portion of the file, we can choose to resolve the "
"conflict using some combination of text from the base version, ours, or "
"theirs.  We can also manually edit the merged file at any time, in case we "
"need to make further modifications."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:261
msgid ""
"There are <emphasis>many</emphasis> file merging tools available, too many to "
"cover here.  They vary in which platforms they are available for, and in "
"their particular strengths and weaknesses.  Most are tuned for merging files "
"containing plain text, while a few are aimed at specialised file formats "
"(generally XML)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:270
msgid "A worked example"
msgstr "合并实例"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:272
msgid ""
"In this example, we will reproduce the file modification history of figure "
"<xref linkend=\"fig.tour-merge.conflict\"/> above.  Let's begin by creating a "
"repository with a base version of our document."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:279
msgid "We'll clone the repository and make a change to the file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:284
msgid ""
"And another clone, to simulate someone else making a change to the file. "
"(This hints at the idea that it's not all that unusual to merge with yourself "
"when you isolate tasks in separate repositories, and indeed to find and "
"resolve conflicts while doing so.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:292
msgid ""
"Having created two different versions of the file, we'll set up an "
"environment suitable for running our merge."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:298
msgid ""
"In this example, I won't use Mercurial's normal <command>hgmerge</command> "
"program to do the merge, because it would drop my nice automated example-"
"running tool into a graphical user interface.  Instead, I'll set "
"<envar>HGMERGE</envar> to tell Mercurial to use the non-interactive "

"systems. If you're following this example on your computer, don't bother "
"setting <envar>HGMERGE</envar>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:308
msgid "<emphasis role=\"bold\">XXX FIX THIS EXAMPLE.</emphasis>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:313
msgid ""
"Because <command>merge</command> can't resolve the conflicting changes, it "
"leaves <emphasis>merge markers</emphasis> inside the file that has conflicts, "
"indicating which lines have conflicts, and whether they came from our version "
"of the file or theirs."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:319
msgid ""
"Mercurial can tell from the way <command>merge</command> exits that it wasn't "
"able to merge successfully, so it tells us what commands we'll need to run if "
"we want to redo the merging operation.  This could be useful if, for example, "
"we were running a graphical merge tool and quit because we were confused or "
"realised we had made a mistake."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:326
msgid ""
"If automatic or manual merges fail, there's nothing to prevent us from "
"<quote>fixing up</quote> the affected files ourselves, and committing the "
"results of our merge:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:335
msgid "Simplifying the pull-merge-commit sequence"
msgstr "简化拉-合并-提交程序"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:337
msgid ""
"The process of merging changes as outlined above is straightforward, but "
"requires running three commands in sequence."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:343
msgid ""
"In the case of the final commit, you also need to enter a commit message, "
"which is almost always going to be a piece of uninteresting "
"<quote>boilerplate</quote> text."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:347
msgid ""
"It would be nice to reduce the number of steps needed, if this were "
"possible.  Indeed, Mercurial is distributed with an extension called <literal "
"role=\"hg-ext\">fetch</literal> that does just this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:352
msgid ""
"Mercurial provides a flexible extension mechanism that lets people extend its "
"functionality, while keeping the core of Mercurial small and easy to deal "
"with.  Some extensions add new commands that you can use from the command "
"line, while others work <quote>behind the scenes,</quote> for example adding "
"capabilities to the server."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:359
msgid ""
"The <literal role=\"hg-ext\">fetch</literal> extension adds a new command "
"called, not surprisingly, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg fetch</command>.  This "
"extension acts as a combination of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</"
"command>, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> and <command role=\"hg-"

"merge with an automatically-generated commit message.  If no new heads were "
"added, it updates the working directory to the new tip changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:372
msgid ""
"Enabling the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">fetch</literal> extension is easy.  "
"Edit your <filename role=\"special\">.hgrc</filename>, and either go to the "
"<literal role=\"rc-extensions\">extensions</literal> section or create an "
"<literal role=\"rc-extensions\">extensions</literal> section. Then add a line "
"that simply reads <quote><literal>fetch </literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:382
msgid ""
"(Normally, on the right-hand side of the <quote><literal>=</literal></quote> "
"would appear the location of the extension, but since the <literal role=\"hg-"
"ext\">fetch</literal> extension is in the standard distribution, Mercurial "
"knows where to search for it.)"

"separate data (<quote><literal>.d</literal></quote> suffix) and index "
"(<quote><literal>.i</literal></quote> suffix) files.  For small files without "
"much history, the revision data and index are combined in a single "
"<quote><literal>.i</literal></quote> file.  The correspondence between a file "
"in the working directory and the filelog that tracks its history in the "
"repository is illustrated in figure <xref linkend=\"fig.concepts.filelog\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:53
msgid "<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/filelog.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:56
msgid ""
"Relationships between files in working directory and filelogs in repository"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:63
msgid "Managing tracked files"
msgstr "管理跟踪的文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:65
msgid ""
"Mercurial uses a structure called a <emphasis>manifest</emphasis> to collect "
"together information about the files that it tracks.  Each entry in the "
"manifest contains information about the files present in a single changeset.  "
"An entry records which files are present in the changeset, the revision of "
"each file, and a few other pieces of file metadata."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:75
msgid "Recording changeset information"
msgstr "记录修改集信息"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:77
msgid ""
"The <emphasis>changelog</emphasis> contains information about each "
"changeset.  Each revision records who committed a change, the changeset "
"comment, other pieces of changeset-related information, and the revision of "
"the manifest to use."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:85
msgid "Relationships between revisions"
msgstr "版本之间的关系"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:87
msgid ""
"Within a changelog, a manifest, or a filelog, each revision stores a pointer "
"to its immediate parent (or to its two parents, if it's a merge revision).  "
"As I mentioned above, there are also relationships between revisions "
"<emphasis>across</emphasis> these structures, and they are hierarchical in "
"nature."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:94
msgid ""
"For every changeset in a repository, there is exactly one revision stored in "
"the changelog.  Each revision of the changelog contains a pointer to a single "
"revision of the manifest.  A revision of the manifest stores a pointer to a "
"single revision of each filelog tracked when that changeset was created.  "
"These relationships are illustrated in figure <xref linkend=\"fig.concepts."
"metadata\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:103
msgid "<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/metadata.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:105
msgid "Metadata relationships"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:110
msgid ""
"As the illustration shows, there is <emphasis>not</emphasis> a <quote>one to "
"one</quote> relationship between revisions in the changelog, manifest, or "
"filelog. If the manifest hasn't changed between two changesets, the changelog "
"entries for those changesets will point to the same revision of the "

"changesets, the entry for that file in the two revisions of the manifest will "
"point to the same revision of its filelog."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:123
msgid "Safe, efficient storage"
msgstr "安全，高效的存储"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:125
msgid ""
"The underpinnings of changelogs, manifests, and filelogs are provided by a "
"single structure called the <emphasis>revlog</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:130
msgid "Efficient storage"
msgstr "高效存储"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:132
msgid ""
"The revlog provides efficient storage of revisions using a <emphasis>delta</"
"emphasis> mechanism.  Instead of storing a complete copy of a file for each "
"revision, it stores the changes needed to transform an older revision into "
"the new revision.  For many kinds of file data, these deltas are typically a "
"fraction of a percent of the size of a full copy of a file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:140
msgid ""
"Some obsolete revision control systems can only work with deltas of text "
"files.  They must either store binary files as complete snapshots or encoded "
"into a text representation, both of which are wasteful approaches.  Mercurial "
"can efficiently handle deltas of files with arbitrary binary contents; it "
"doesn't need to treat text as special."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:149
msgid "Safe operation"
msgstr "安全操作"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:151
msgid ""
"Mercurial only ever <emphasis>appends</emphasis> data to the end of a revlog "
"file. It never modifies a section of a file after it has written it.  This is "
"both more robust and efficient than schemes that need to modify or rewrite "
"data."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:157
msgid ""
"In addition, Mercurial treats every write as part of a <emphasis>transaction</"
"emphasis> that can span a number of files.  A transaction is "
"<emphasis>atomic</emphasis>: either the entire transaction succeeds and its "
"effects are all visible to readers in one go, or the whole thing is undone.  "

"Mercurial, where one is reading data and one is writing it, the reader will "
"never see a partially written result that might confuse it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:167
msgid ""
"The fact that Mercurial only appends to files makes it easier to provide this "
"transactional guarantee.  The easier it is to do stuff like this, the more "
"confident you should be that it's done correctly."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:174
msgid "Fast retrieval"
msgstr "快速检索"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:176
msgid ""
"Mercurial cleverly avoids a pitfall common to all earlier revision control "
"systems: the problem of <emphasis>inefficient retrieval</emphasis>. Most "
"revision control systems store the contents of a revision as an incremental "
"series of modifications against a <quote>snapshot</quote>.  To reconstruct a "

"history that a file accumulates, the more revisions you must read, hence the "
"longer it takes to reconstruct a particular revision."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:188
msgid "<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/snapshot.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:190
msgid "Snapshot of a revlog, with incremental deltas"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:195
msgid ""
"The innovation that Mercurial applies to this problem is simple but "
"effective.  Once the cumulative amount of delta information stored since the "
"last snapshot exceeds a fixed threshold, it stores a new snapshot "
"(compressed, of course), instead of another delta.  This makes it possible to "

"approach works so well that it has since been copied by several other "
"revision control systems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:204
msgid ""
"Figure <xref linkend=\"fig.concepts.snapshot\"/> illustrates the idea.  In an "
"entry in a revlog's index file, Mercurial stores the range of entries from "
"the data file that it must read to reconstruct a particular revision."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:210
msgid "Aside: the influence of video compression"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:212
msgid ""
"If you're familiar with video compression or have ever watched a TV feed "
"through a digital cable or satellite service, you may know that most video "
"compression schemes store each frame of video as a delta against its "
"predecessor frame.  In addition, these schemes use <quote>lossy</quote> "
"compression techniques to increase the compression ratio, so visual errors "
"accumulate over the course of a number of inter-frame deltas."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:221
msgid ""
"Because it's possible for a video stream to <quote>drop out</quote> "
"occasionally due to signal glitches, and to limit the accumulation of "
"artefacts introduced by the lossy compression process, video encoders "
"periodically insert a complete frame (called a <quote>key frame</quote>) into "

"frame is received.  Also, the accumulation of encoding errors restarts anew "
"with each key frame."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:235
msgid "Identification and strong integrity"
msgstr "鉴别和强完整性"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:237
msgid ""
"Along with delta or snapshot information, a revlog entry contains a "
"cryptographic hash of the data that it represents.  This makes it difficult "
"to forge the contents of a revision, and easy to detect accidental corruption."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:242
msgid ""
"Hashes provide more than a mere check against corruption; they are used as "
"the identifiers for revisions.  The changeset identification hashes that you "
"see as an end user are from revisions of the changelog.  Although filelogs "
"and the manifest also use hashes, Mercurial only uses these behind the scenes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:249
msgid ""
"Mercurial verifies that hashes are correct when it retrieves file revisions "
"and when it pulls changes from another repository.  If it encounters an "
"integrity problem, it will complain and stop whatever it's doing."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:254
msgid ""
"In addition to the effect it has on retrieval efficiency, Mercurial's use of "
"periodic snapshots makes it more robust against partial data corruption.  If "
"a revlog becomes partly corrupted due to a hardware error or system bug, it's "
"often possible to reconstruct some or most revisions from the uncorrupted "
"sections of the revlog, both before and after the corrupted section.  This "
"would not be possible with a delta-only storage model."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:266
msgid "Revision history, branching, and merging"
msgstr "修订历史，分支与合并"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:268
msgid ""
"Every entry in a Mercurial revlog knows the identity of its immediate "
"ancestor revision, usually referred to as its <emphasis>parent</emphasis>.  "
"In fact, a revision contains room for not one parent, but two.  Mercurial "
"uses a special hash, called the <quote>null ID</quote>, to represent the idea "
"<quote>there is no parent here</quote>.  This hash is simply a string of "
"zeroes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:276
msgid ""
"In figure <xref linkend=\"fig.concepts.revlog\"/>, you can see an example of "
"the conceptual structure of a revlog.  Filelogs, manifests, and changelogs "
"all have this same structure; they differ only in the kind of data stored in "
"each delta or snapshot."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:282
msgid ""
"The first revision in a revlog (at the bottom of the image)  has the null ID "
"in both of its parent slots.  For a <quote>normal</quote> revision, its first "
"parent slot contains the ID of its parent revision, and its second contains "
"the null ID, indicating that the revision has only one real parent.  Any two "

"represents a merge between branches has two normal revision IDs in its parent "
"slots."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:292
msgid "<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/revlog.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:299
msgid "The working directory"
msgstr "工作目录"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:301
msgid ""
"In the working directory, Mercurial stores a snapshot of the files from the "
"repository as of a particular changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:304
msgid ""
"The working directory <quote>knows</quote> which changeset it contains.  When "
"you update the working directory to contain a particular changeset, Mercurial "
"looks up the appropriate revision of the manifest to find out which files it "
"was tracking at the time that changeset was committed, and which revision of "
"each file was then current.  It then recreates a copy of each of those files, "
"with the same contents it had when the changeset was committed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:313
msgid ""
"The <emphasis>dirstate</emphasis> contains Mercurial's knowledge of the "
"working directory.  This details which changeset the working directory is "
"updated to, and all of the files that Mercurial is tracking in the working "
"directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:319
msgid ""
"Just as a revision of a revlog has room for two parents, so that it can "
"represent either a normal revision (with one parent)  or a merge of two "
"earlier revisions, the dirstate has slots for two parents.  When you use the "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> command, the changeset that you "

"cmd\">hg parents</command> command tells you what the parents of the dirstate "
"are."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:333
msgid "What happens when you commit"
msgstr "当你提交时发生的事情"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:335
msgid ""
"The dirstate stores parent information for more than just book-keeping "
"purposes.  Mercurial uses the parents of the dirstate as <emphasis>the "
"parents of a new changeset</emphasis> when you perform a commit."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:341
msgid "<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/wdir.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:343
msgid "The working directory can have two parents"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:348
msgid ""
"Figure <xref linkend=\"fig.concepts.wdir\"/> shows the normal state of the "
"working directory, where it has a single changeset as parent.  That changeset "
"is the <emphasis>tip</emphasis>, the newest changeset in the repository that "
"has no children."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:355
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/wdir-after-commit.png\"/></"
"imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:357
msgid "The working directory gains new parents after a commit"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:362
msgid ""
"It's useful to think of the working directory as <quote>the changeset I'm "
"about to commit</quote>.  Any files that you tell Mercurial that you've "
"added, removed, renamed, or copied will be reflected in that changeset, as "
"will modifications to any files that Mercurial is already tracking; the new "
"changeset will have the parents of the working directory as its parents."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:370
msgid ""
"After a commit, Mercurial will update the parents of the working directory, "
"so that the first parent is the ID of the new changeset, and the second is "
"the null ID.  This is shown in figure <xref linkend=\"fig.concepts.wdir-after-"
"commit\"/>.  Mercurial doesn't touch any of the files in the working "
"directory when you commit; it just modifies the dirstate to note its new "
"parents."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:381
msgid "Creating a new head"
msgstr "创建新顶点"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:383
msgid ""
"It's perfectly normal to update the working directory to a changeset other "
"than the current tip.  For example, you might want to know what your project "
"looked like last Tuesday, or you could be looking through changesets to see "
"which one introduced a bug.  In cases like this, the natural thing to do is "
"update the working directory to the changeset you're interested in, and then "
"examine the files in the working directory directly to see their contents as "
"they were when you committed that changeset.  The effect of this is shown in "
"figure <xref linkend=\"fig.concepts.wdir-pre-branch\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:395
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/wdir-pre-branch.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:397
msgid "The working directory, updated to an older changeset"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:402
msgid ""
"Having updated the working directory to an older changeset, what happens if "
"you make some changes, and then commit? Mercurial behaves in the same way as "
"I outlined above.  The parents of the working directory become the parents of "
"the new changeset.  This new changeset has no children, so it becomes the new "
"tip.  And the repository now contains two changesets that have no children; "
"we call these <emphasis>heads</emphasis>.  You can see the structure that "
"this creates in figure <xref linkend=\"fig.concepts.wdir-branch\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:414
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/wdir-branch.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:416
msgid "After a commit made while synced to an older changeset"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:422
msgid ""
"If you're new to Mercurial, you should keep in mind a common <quote>error</"
"quote>, which is to use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> "
"command without any options.  By default, the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"pull</command> command <emphasis>does not</emphasis> update the working "

"head, because your working directory isn't synced to whatever the current tip "
"is."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:434
msgid ""
"I put the word <quote>error</quote> in quotes because all that you need to do "
"to rectify this situation is <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</command>, "
"then <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command>.  In other words, this "
"almost never has negative consequences; it just surprises people.  I'll "
"discuss other ways to avoid this behaviour, and why Mercurial behaves in this "
"initially surprising way, later on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:446
msgid "Merging heads"
msgstr "合并顶点"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:448
msgid ""
"When you run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</command> command, "
"Mercurial leaves the first parent of the working directory unchanged, and "
"sets the second parent to the changeset you're merging with, as shown in "
"figure <xref linkend=\"fig.concepts.wdir-merge\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:455
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/wdir-merge.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:457
msgid "Merging two heads"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:461
msgid ""
"Mercurial also has to modify the working directory, to merge the files "
"managed in the two changesets.  Simplified a little, the merging process goes "
"like this, for every file in the manifests of both changesets."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:466
msgid "If neither changeset has modified a file, do nothing with that file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:469
msgid ""
"If one changeset has modified a file, and the other hasn't, create the "
"modified copy of the file in the working directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:473
msgid ""
"If one changeset has removed a file, and the other hasn't (or has also "
"deleted it), delete the file from the working directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:477
msgid ""
"If one changeset has removed a file, but the other has modified the file, ask "
"the user what to do: keep the modified file, or remove it?"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:481
msgid ""
"If both changesets have modified a file, invoke an external merge program to "
"choose the new contents for the merged file.  This may require input from the "
"user."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:486
msgid ""
"If one changeset has modified a file, and the other has renamed or copied the "
"file, make sure that the changes follow the new name of the file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:490
msgid ""
"There are more details&emdash;merging has plenty of corner cases&emdash;but "
"these are the most common choices that are involved in a merge.  As you can "
"see, most cases are completely automatic, and indeed most merges finish "
"automatically, without requiring your input to resolve any conflicts."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:497
msgid ""
"When you're thinking about what happens when you commit after a merge, once "
"again the working directory is <quote>the changeset I'm about to commit</"
"quote>.  After the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</command> command "
"completes, the working directory has two parents; these will become the "
"parents of the new changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:504
msgid ""
"Mercurial lets you perform multiple merges, but you must commit the results "
"of each individual merge as you go.  This is necessary because Mercurial only "
"tracks two parents for both revisions and the working directory.  While it "
"would be technically possible to merge multiple changesets at once, the "
"prospect of user confusion and making a terrible mess of a merge immediately "
"becomes overwhelming."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:515
msgid "Other interesting design features"
msgstr "其它有趣的设计特性"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:517
msgid ""
"In the sections above, I've tried to highlight some of the most important "
"aspects of Mercurial's design, to illustrate that it pays careful attention "
"to reliability and performance.  However, the attention to detail doesn't "
"stop there.  There are a number of other aspects of Mercurial's construction "

"you can gain a better idea of the amount of thinking that goes into a well-"
"designed system."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:528
msgid "Clever compression"
msgstr "智能压缩"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:530
msgid ""
"When appropriate, Mercurial will store both snapshots and deltas in "
"compressed form.  It does this by always <emphasis>trying to</emphasis> "
"compress a snapshot or delta, but only storing the compressed version if it's "
"smaller than the uncompressed version."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:536
msgid ""
"This means that Mercurial does <quote>the right thing</quote> when storing a "
"file whose native form is compressed, such as a <literal>zip</literal> "
"archive or a JPEG image.  When these types of files are compressed a second "
"time, the resulting file is usually bigger than the once-compressed form, and "
"so Mercurial will store the plain <literal>zip</literal> or JPEG."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:544
msgid ""
"Deltas between revisions of a compressed file are usually larger than "
"snapshots of the file, and Mercurial again does <quote>the right thing</"
"quote> in these cases.  It finds that such a delta exceeds the threshold at "
"which it should store a complete snapshot of the file, so it stores the "
"snapshot, again saving space compared to a naive delta-only approach."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:553
msgid "Network recompression"
msgstr "网络重新压缩"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:555
msgid ""
"When storing revisions on disk, Mercurial uses the <quote>deflate</quote> "
"compression algorithm (the same one used by the popular <literal>zip</"
"literal> archive format), which balances good speed with a respectable "
"compression ratio.  However, when transmitting revision data over a network "
"connection, Mercurial uncompresses the compressed revision data."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:563
msgid ""
"If the connection is over HTTP, Mercurial recompresses the entire stream of "
"data using a compression algorithm that gives a better compression ratio (the "
"Burrows-Wheeler algorithm from the widely used <literal>bzip2</literal> "
"compression package).  This combination of algorithm and compression of the "

"number of bytes to be transferred, yielding better network performance over "
"almost all kinds of network."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:573
msgid ""
"(If the connection is over <command>ssh</command>, Mercurial "
"<emphasis>doesn't</emphasis> recompress the stream, because <command>ssh</"
"command> can already do this itself.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:581
msgid "Read/write ordering and atomicity"
msgstr "读写顺序与原子性"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:583
msgid ""
"Appending to files isn't the whole story when it comes to guaranteeing that a "
"reader won't see a partial write.  If you recall figure <xref linkend=\"fig."
"concepts.metadata\"/>, revisions in the changelog point to revisions in the "
"manifest, and revisions in the manifest point to revisions in filelogs.  This "
"hierarchy is deliberate."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:591
msgid ""
"A writer starts a transaction by writing filelog and manifest data, and "
"doesn't write any changelog data until those are finished.  A reader starts "
"by reading changelog data, then manifest data, followed by filelog data."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:596
msgid ""
"Since the writer has always finished writing filelog and manifest data before "
"it writes to the changelog, a reader will never read a pointer to a partially "
"written manifest revision from the changelog, and it will never read a "
"pointer to a partially written filelog revision from the manifest."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:604
msgid "Concurrent access"
msgstr "并发访问"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:606
msgid ""
"The read/write ordering and atomicity guarantees mean that Mercurial never "
"needs to <emphasis>lock</emphasis> a repository when it's reading data, even "
"if the repository is being written to while the read is occurring. This has a "
"big effect on scalability; you can have an arbitrary number of Mercurial "
"processes safely reading data from a repository safely all at once, no matter "
"whether it's being written to or not."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:615
msgid ""
"The lockless nature of reading means that if you're sharing a repository on a "
"multi-user system, you don't need to grant other local users permission to "
"<emphasis>write</emphasis> to your repository in order for them to be able to "
"clone it or pull changes from it; they only need <emphasis>read</emphasis> "

"permission on at least one directory, which of course makes for all kinds of "
"nasty and annoying security and administrative problems.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:628
msgid ""
"Mercurial uses locks to ensure that only one process can write to a "
"repository at a time (the locking mechanism is safe even over filesystems "
"that are notoriously hostile to locking, such as NFS).  If a repository is "
"locked, a writer will wait for a while to retry if the repository becomes "

"unnoticed, for example.  (Yes, the timeout is configurable, from zero to "
"infinity.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:640
msgid "Safe dirstate access"
msgstr "安全的目录状态访问"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:642
msgid ""
"As with revision data, Mercurial doesn't take a lock to read the dirstate "
"file; it does acquire a lock to write it.  To avoid the possibility of "
"reading a partially written copy of the dirstate file, Mercurial writes to a "
"file with a unique name in the same directory as the dirstate file, then "

"file named <filename>dirstate</filename> is thus guaranteed to be complete, "
"not partially written."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:655
msgid "Avoiding seeks"
msgstr "避免查找"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:657
msgid ""
"Critical to Mercurial's performance is the avoidance of seeks of the disk "
"head, since any seek is far more expensive than even a comparatively large "
"read operation."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:661
msgid ""
"This is why, for example, the dirstate is stored in a single file.  If there "
"were a dirstate file per directory that Mercurial tracked, the disk would "
"seek once per directory.  Instead, Mercurial reads the entire single dirstate "
"file in one step."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:667
msgid ""
"Mercurial also uses a <quote>copy on write</quote> scheme when cloning a "
"repository on local storage.  Instead of copying every revlog file from the "
"old repository into the new repository, it makes a <quote>hard link</quote>, "
"which is a shorthand way to say <quote>these two names point to the same "

"one.  If it is, more than one repository is using the file, so Mercurial "
"makes a new copy of the file that is private to this repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:678
msgid ""
"A few revision control developers have pointed out that this idea of making a "
"complete private copy of a file is not very efficient in its use of storage.  "
"While this is true, storage is cheap, and this method gives the highest "
"performance while deferring most book-keeping to the operating system.  An "

"complexity of the software, each of which is much more important to the "
"<quote>feel</quote> of day-to-day use."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:690
msgid "Other contents of the dirstate"
msgstr "目录状态的其它内容"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:692
msgid ""
"Because Mercurial doesn't force you to tell it when you're modifying a file, "
"it uses the dirstate to store some extra information so it can determine "
"efficiently whether you have modified a file.  For each file in the working "
"directory, it stores the time that it last modified the file itself, and the "
"size of the file at that time."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:699
msgid ""
"When you explicitly <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command>, <command role="
"\"hg-cmd\">hg remove</command>, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rename</command> "
"or <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command> files, Mercurial updates the "
"dirstate so that it knows what to do with those files when you commit."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:706
msgid ""
"When Mercurial is checking the states of files in the working directory, it "
"first checks a file's modification time.  If that has not changed, the file "
"must not have been modified.  If the file's size has changed, the file must "
"have been modified.  If the modification time has changed, but the size has "

"but it will also contain all of the bugfixes from the stable branch.  The "
"stable branch remains unaffected by these changes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:264 ../en/ch06-collab.xml:276
msgid "Feature branches"
msgstr "特性分支"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:266

"working on an individual branch are typically quite isolated from "
"developments on other branches."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:274
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/feature-branches.png\"/></"
"imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:280
msgid ""
"When a particular feature is deemed to be in suitable shape, someone on that "
"feature team pulls and merges from the master branch into the feature branch, "
"then pushes back up to the master branch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:287
msgid "The release train"
msgstr "发布列车"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:289
msgid ""
"Some projects are organised on a <quote>train</quote> basis: a release is "
"scheduled to happen every few months, and whatever features are ready when "
"the <quote>train</quote> is ready to leave are allowed in."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:294
msgid ""
"This model resembles working with feature branches.  The difference is that "
"when a feature branch misses a train, someone on the feature team pulls and "
"merges the changes that went out on that train release into the feature "
"branch, and the team continues its work on top of that release so that their "
"feature can make the next release."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:303
msgid "The Linux kernel model"
msgstr "Linux 内核模型"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:305
msgid ""
"The development of the Linux kernel has a shallow hierarchical structure, "
"surrounded by a cloud of apparent chaos.  Because most Linux developers use "
"<command>git</command>, a distributed revision control tool with capabilities "
"similar to Mercurial, it's useful to describe the way work flows in that "
"environment; if you like the ideas, the approach translates well across tools."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:313
msgid ""
"At the center of the community sits Linus Torvalds, the creator of Linux.  He "
"publishes a single source repository that is considered the "
"<quote>authoritative</quote> current tree by the entire developer community. "
"Anyone can clone Linus's tree, but he is very choosy about whose trees he "
"pulls from."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:320
msgid ""
"Linus has a number of <quote>trusted lieutenants</quote>.  As a general rule, "
"he pulls whatever changes they publish, in most cases without even reviewing "
"those changes.  Some of those lieutenants are generally agreed to be "
"<quote>maintainers</quote>, responsible for specific subsystems within the "

"maintainer reviews their changes and agrees to take them, they'll pass them "
"along to Linus in due course."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:332
msgid ""
"Individual lieutenants have their own approaches to reviewing, accepting, and "
"publishing changes; and for deciding when to feed them to Linus.  In "
"addition, there are several well known branches that people use for different "
"purposes.  For example, a few people maintain <quote>stable</quote> "

"experimental changes; one for changes that they are about to feed upstream; "
"and so on.  Others just publish a single tree."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:343
msgid ""
"This model has two notable features.  The first is that it's <quote>pull "
"only</quote>.  You have to ask, convince, or beg another developer to take a "
"change from you, because there are almost no trees to which more than one "
"person can push, and there's no way to push changes into a tree that someone "
"else controls."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:350
msgid ""
"The second is that it's based on reputation and acclaim.  If you're an "
"unknown, Linus will probably ignore changes from you without even "
"responding.  But a subsystem maintainer will probably review them, and will "
"likely take them if they pass their criteria for suitability. The more "

"accepted, people with similar interests may pull your changes regularly to "
"keep up with your work."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:361
msgid ""
"Reputation and acclaim don't necessarily cross subsystem or <quote>people</"
"quote> boundaries.  If you're a respected but specialised storage hacker, and "
"you try to fix a networking bug, that change will receive a level of scrutiny "
"from a network maintainer comparable to a change from a complete stranger."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:368
msgid ""
"To people who come from more orderly project backgrounds, the comparatively "
"chaotic Linux kernel development process often seems completely insane.  It's "
"subject to the whims of individuals; people make sweeping changes whenever "
"they deem it appropriate; and the pace of development is astounding.  And yet "
"Linux is a highly successful, well-regarded piece of software."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:378
msgid "Pull-only versus shared-push collaboration"
msgstr "只读与共享写协作"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:380
msgid ""
"A perpetual source of heat in the open source community is whether a "
"development model in which people only ever pull changes from others is "
"<quote>better than</quote> one in which multiple people can push changes to a "
"shared repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:386
msgid ""
"Typically, the backers of the shared-push model use tools that actively "
"enforce this approach.  If you're using a centralised revision control tool "
"such as Subversion, there's no way to make a choice over which model you'll "
"use: the tool gives you shared-push, and if you want to do anything else, "
"you'll have to roll your own approach on top (such as applying a patch by "
"hand)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:394
msgid ""
"A good distributed revision control tool, such as Mercurial, will support "
"both models.  You and your collaborators can then structure how you work "
"together based on your own needs and preferences, not on what contortions "
"your tools force you into."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:402
msgid "Where collaboration meets branch management"
msgstr "协作与分支管理"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:404
msgid ""
"Once you and your team set up some shared repositories and start propagating "
"changes back and forth between local and shared repos, you begin to face a "
"related, but slightly different challenge: that of managing the multiple "
"directions in which your team may be moving at once.  Even though this "

"enough to merit treatment of its own, in chapter <xref linkend=\"chap.branch"
"\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:416
msgid "The technical side of sharing"
msgstr "共享的技术因素"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:418
msgid ""
"The remainder of this chapter is devoted to the question of serving data to "
"your collaborators."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:423
msgid "Informal sharing with <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command>"
msgstr "使用 <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> 进行非正式共享"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:426
msgid ""
"Mercurial's <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> command is "
"wonderfully suited to small, tight-knit, and fast-paced group environments.  "
"It also provides a great way to get a feel for using Mercurial commands over "
"a network."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:431
msgid ""
"Run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> inside a repository, and in "
"under a second it will bring up a specialised HTTP server; this will accept "
"connections from any client, and serve up data for that repository until you "
"terminate it.  Anyone who knows the URL of the server you just started, and "

"cmd\">hg serve</command> instance running on a laptop is likely to look "
"something like <literal>http://my-laptop.local:8000/</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:442
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> command is <emphasis>not</"
"emphasis> a general-purpose web server. It can do only two things:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:446
msgid ""
"Allow people to browse the history of the repository it's serving, from their "
"normal web browsers."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:450
msgid ""
"Speak Mercurial's wire protocol, so that people can <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg clone</command> or <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> changes "
"from that repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:455
msgid ""
"In particular, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> won't allow remote "
"users to <emphasis>modify</emphasis> your repository.  It's intended for read-"
"only use."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:459
msgid ""
"If you're getting started with Mercurial, there's nothing to prevent you from "
"using <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> to serve up a repository on "
"your own computer, then use commands like <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg clone</"
"command>, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg incoming</command>, and so on to talk "
"to that server as if the repository was hosted remotely. This can help you to "
"quickly get acquainted with using commands on network-hosted repositories."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:469
msgid "A few things to keep in mind"
msgstr "要牢记的几件事"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:471
msgid ""
"Because it provides unauthenticated read access to all clients, you should "
"only use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> in an environment where "
"you either don't care, or have complete control over, who can access your "
"network and pull data from your repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:477
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> command knows nothing about "
"any firewall software you might have installed on your system or network.  It "
"cannot detect or control your firewall software.  If other people are unable "
"to talk to a running <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> instance, "
"the second thing you should do (<emphasis>after</emphasis> you make sure that "
"they're using the correct URL) is check your firewall configuration."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:486
msgid ""
"By default, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> listens for incoming "
"connections on port 8000.  If another process is already listening on the "
"port you want to use, you can specify a different port to listen on using the "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-serve\">-p</option> option."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:492
msgid ""
"Normally, when <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> starts, it prints "
"no output, which can be a bit unnerving.  If you'd like to confirm that it is "
"indeed running correctly, and find out what URL you should send to your "
"collaborators, start it with the <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-v</option> "
"option."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:502
msgid "Using the Secure Shell (ssh) protocol"
msgstr "使用 ssh 协议"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:504
msgid ""
"You can pull and push changes securely over a network connection using the "
"Secure Shell (<literal>ssh</literal>)  protocol.  To use this successfully, "
"you may have to do a little bit of configuration on the client or server "
"sides."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:509
msgid ""
"If you're not familiar with ssh, it's a network protocol that lets you "
"securely communicate with another computer.  To use it with Mercurial, you'll "
"be setting up one or more user accounts on a server so that remote users can "
"log in and execute commands."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:515
msgid ""
"(If you <emphasis>are</emphasis> familiar with ssh, you'll probably find some "
"of the material that follows to be elementary in nature.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:520
msgid "How to read and write ssh URLs"
msgstr "如何读写 ssh 路径"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:522
msgid "An ssh URL tends to look like this:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:525
msgid ""
"The <quote><literal>ssh://</literal></quote> part tells Mercurial to use the "
"ssh protocol."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:528
msgid ""
"The <quote><literal>bos@</literal></quote> component indicates what username "
"to log into the server as.  You can leave this out if the remote username is "
"the same as your local username."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:533
msgid ""
"The <quote><literal>hg.serpentine.com</literal></quote> gives the hostname of "
"the server to log into."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:537
msgid ""
"The <quote>:22</quote> identifies the port number to connect to the server "
"on.  The default port is 22, so you only need to specify this part if you're "
"<emphasis>not</emphasis> using port 22."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:542
msgid ""
"The remainder of the URL is the local path to the repository on the server."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:546
msgid ""
"There's plenty of scope for confusion with the path component of ssh URLs, as "
"there is no standard way for tools to interpret it.  Some programs behave "
"differently than others when dealing with these paths. This isn't an ideal "
"situation, but it's unlikely to change.  Please read the following paragraphs "
"carefully."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:553
msgid ""
"Mercurial treats the path to a repository on the server as relative to the "
"remote user's home directory.  For example, if user <literal>foo</literal> on "
"the server has a home directory of <filename class=\"directory\">/home/foo</"
"filename>, then an ssh URL that contains a path component of <filename class="
"\"directory\">bar</filename> <emphasis>really</emphasis> refers to the "
"directory <filename class=\"directory\">/home/foo/bar</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:562
msgid ""
"If you want to specify a path relative to another user's home directory, you "
"can use a path that starts with a tilde character followed by the user's name "
"(let's call them <literal>otheruser</literal>), like this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:568
msgid ""
"And if you really want to specify an <emphasis>absolute</emphasis> path on "
"the server, begin the path component with two slashes, as in this example."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:575
msgid "Finding an ssh client for your system"
msgstr "为你的系统寻找 ssh 客户端"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:577
msgid ""
"Almost every Unix-like system comes with OpenSSH preinstalled.  If you're "
"using such a system, run <literal>which ssh</literal> to find out if the "
"<command>ssh</command> command is installed (it's usually in <filename class="
"\"directory\">/usr/bin</filename>).  In the unlikely event that it isn't "
"present, take a look at your system documentation to figure out how to "
"install it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:585
msgid ""
"On Windows, you'll first need to download a suitable ssh client.  There are "
"two alternatives."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:588
msgid ""
"Simon Tatham's excellent PuTTY package <citation>web:putty</citation> "
"provides a complete suite of ssh client commands."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:592
msgid ""
"If you have a high tolerance for pain, you can use the Cygwin port of OpenSSH."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:595
msgid ""
"In either case, you'll need to edit your \\hgini\\ file to tell Mercurial "
"where to find the actual client command.  For example, if you're using PuTTY, "
"you'll need to use the <command>plink</command> command as a command-line ssh "
"client."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:604
msgid ""
"The path to <command>plink</command> shouldn't contain any whitespace "
"characters, or Mercurial may not be able to run it correctly (so putting it "
"in <filename class=\"directory\">C:\\\\Program Files</filename> is probably "
"not a good idea)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:613
msgid "Generating a key pair"
msgstr "产生密钥对"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:615
msgid ""
"To avoid the need to repetitively type a password every time you need to use "
"your ssh client, I recommend generating a key pair.  On a Unix-like system, "
"the <command>ssh-keygen</command> command will do the trick. On Windows, if "
"you're using PuTTY, the <command>puttygen</command> command is what you'll "
"need."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:623
msgid ""
"When you generate a key pair, it's usually <emphasis>highly</emphasis> "
"advisable to protect it with a passphrase.  (The only time that you might not "
"want to do this is when you're using the ssh protocol for automated tasks on "
"a secure network.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:629
msgid ""
"Simply generating a key pair isn't enough, however.  You'll need to add the "
"public key to the set of authorised keys for whatever user you're logging in "
"remotely as.  For servers using OpenSSH (the vast majority), this will mean "
"adding the public key to a list in a file called <filename role=\"special"
"\">authorized_keys</filename> in their <filename role=\"special\" class="
"\"directory\">.ssh</filename> directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:638
msgid ""
"On a Unix-like system, your public key will have a <filename>.pub</filename> "
"extension.  If you're using <command>puttygen</command> on Windows, you can "
"save the public key to a file of your choosing, or paste it from the window "
"it's displayed in straight into the <filename role=\"special"
"\">authorized_keys</filename> file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:647
msgid "Using an authentication agent"
msgstr "使用认证代理"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:649
msgid ""
"An authentication agent is a daemon that stores passphrases in memory (so it "
"will forget passphrases if you log out and log back in again). An ssh client "
"will notice if it's running, and query it for a passphrase.  If there's no "
"authentication agent running, or the agent doesn't store the necessary "

"communicate with a server on your behalf (e.g. whenever you pull or push "
"changes)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:658
msgid ""
"The downside of storing passphrases in an agent is that it's possible for a "
"well-prepared attacker to recover the plain text of your passphrases, in some "
"cases even if your system has been power-cycled. You should make your own "
"judgment as to whether this is an acceptable risk.  It certainly saves a lot "
"of repeated typing."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:665
msgid ""
"On Unix-like systems, the agent is called <command>ssh-agent</command>, and "
"it's often run automatically for you when you log in.  You'll need to use the "
"<command>ssh-add</command> command to add passphrases to the agent's store.  "
"On Windows, if you're using PuTTY, the <command>pageant</command> command "
"acts as the agent.  It adds an icon to your system tray that will let you "
"manage stored passphrases."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:676
msgid "Configuring the server side properly"
msgstr "正确配置服务器端"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:678
msgid ""
"Because ssh can be fiddly to set up if you're new to it, there's a variety of "
"things that can go wrong.  Add Mercurial on top, and there's plenty more "
"scope for head-scratching.  Most of these potential problems occur on the "
"server side, not the client side.  The good news is that once you've gotten a "
"configuration working, it will usually continue to work indefinitely."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:686
msgid ""
"Before you try using Mercurial to talk to an ssh server, it's best to make "
"sure that you can use the normal <command>ssh</command> or <command>putty</"
"command> command to talk to the server first.  If you run into problems with "
"using these commands directly, Mercurial surely won't work.  Worse, it will "

"commands work first, <emphasis>before</emphasis> you worry about whether "
"there's a problem with Mercurial."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:697
msgid ""
"The first thing to be sure of on the server side is that you can actually log "
"in from another machine at all.  If you can't use <command>ssh</command> or "
"<command>putty</command> to log in, the error message you get may give you a "
"few hints as to what's wrong.  The most common problems are as follows."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:704
msgid ""
"If you get a <quote>connection refused</quote> error, either there isn't an "
"SSH daemon running on the server at all, or it's inaccessible due to firewall "
"configuration."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:709
msgid ""
"If you get a <quote>no route to host</quote> error, you either have an "
"incorrect address for the server or a seriously locked down firewall that "
"won't admit its existence at all."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:714
msgid ""
"If you get a <quote>permission denied</quote> error, you may have mistyped "
"the username on the server, or you could have mistyped your key's passphrase "
"or the remote user's password."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:719
msgid ""
"In summary, if you're having trouble talking to the server's ssh daemon, "
"first make sure that one is running at all.  On many systems it will be "
"installed, but disabled, by default.  Once you're done with this step, you "
"should then check that the server's firewall is configured to allow incoming "

"worry about more exotic possibilities for misconfiguration until you've "
"checked these two first."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:729
msgid ""
"If you're using an authentication agent on the client side to store "
"passphrases for your keys, you ought to be able to log into the server "
"without being prompted for a passphrase or a password.  If you're prompted "
"for a passphrase, there are a few possible culprits."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:735
msgid ""
"You might have forgotten to use <command>ssh-add</command> or "
"<command>pageant</command> to store the passphrase."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:739
msgid "You might have stored the passphrase for the wrong key."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:742
msgid ""
"If you're being prompted for the remote user's password, there are another "
"few possible problems to check."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:745
msgid ""
"Either the user's home directory or their <filename role=\"special\" class="
"\"directory\">.ssh</filename> directory might have excessively liberal "
"permissions.  As a result, the ssh daemon will not trust or read their "
"<filename role=\"special\">authorized_keys</filename> file.  For example, a "
"group-writable home or <filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.ssh</"
"filename> directory will often cause this symptom."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:754
msgid ""
"The user's <filename role=\"special\">authorized_keys</filename> file may "
"have a problem. If anyone other than the user owns or can write to that file, "
"the ssh daemon will not trust or read it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:761
msgid ""
"In the ideal world, you should be able to run the following command "
"successfully, and it should print exactly one line of output, the current "
"date and time."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:766
msgid ""
"If, on your server, you have login scripts that print banners or other junk "
"even when running non-interactive commands like this, you should fix them "
"before you continue, so that they only print output if they're run "
"interactively.  Otherwise these banners will at least clutter up Mercurial's "

"login script is running in an interactive shell is to check the return code "
"from the command <literal>tty -s</literal>.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:780
msgid ""
"Once you've verified that plain old ssh is working with your server, the next "
"step is to ensure that Mercurial runs on the server.  The following command "
"should run successfully:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:785
msgid ""
"If you see an error message instead of normal <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"version</command> output, this is usually because you haven't installed "
"Mercurial to <filename class=\"directory\">/usr/bin</filename>.  Don't worry "
"if this is the case; you don't need to do that.  But you should check for a "
"few possible problems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:792
msgid ""
"Is Mercurial really installed on the server at all? I know this sounds "
"trivial, but it's worth checking!"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:796
msgid ""
"Maybe your shell's search path (usually set via the <envar>PATH</envar> "
"environment variable) is simply misconfigured."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:800
msgid ""
"Perhaps your <envar>PATH</envar> environment variable is only being set to "
"point to the location of the <command>hg</command> executable if the login "
"session is interactive.  This can happen if you're setting the path in the "
"wrong shell login script.  See your shell's documentation for details."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:807
msgid ""
"The <envar>PYTHONPATH</envar> environment variable may need to contain the "
"path to the Mercurial Python modules.  It might not be set at all; it could "
"be incorrect; or it may be set only if the login is interactive."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:814
msgid ""
"If you can run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg version</command> over an ssh "
"connection, well done! You've got the server and client sorted out.  You "
"should now be able to use Mercurial to access repositories hosted by that "
"username on that server.  If you run into problems with Mercurial and ssh at "
"this point, try using the <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">--debug</option> "
"option to get a clearer picture of what's going on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:824
msgid "Using compression with ssh"
msgstr "通过 ssh 使用压缩"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:826
msgid ""
"Mercurial does not compress data when it uses the ssh protocol, because the "
"ssh protocol can transparently compress data.  However, the default behaviour "
"of ssh clients is <emphasis>not</emphasis> to request compression."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:831
msgid ""
"Over any network other than a fast LAN (even a wireless network), using "
"compression is likely to significantly speed up Mercurial's network "
"operations.  For example, over a WAN, someone measured compression as "
"reducing the amount of time required to clone a particularly large repository "
"from 51 minutes to 17 minutes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:838
msgid ""
"Both <command>ssh</command> and <command>plink</command> accept a <option "
"role=\"cmd-opt-ssh\">-C</option> option which turns on compression.  You can "
"easily edit your <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>\\ to enable "
"compression for all of Mercurial's uses of the ssh protocol."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:845
msgid ""
"If you use <command>ssh</command>, you can configure it to always use "
"compression when talking to your server.  To do this, edit your <filename "
"role=\"special\">.ssh/config</filename> file (which may not yet exist), as "
"follows."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:852
msgid ""
"This defines an alias, <literal>hg</literal>.  When you use it on the "
"<command>ssh</command> command line or in a Mercurial <literal>ssh</literal>-"
"protocol URL, it will cause <command>ssh</command> to connect to <literal>hg."
"example.com</literal> and use compression.  This gives you both a shorter "
"name to type and compression, each of which is a good thing in its own right."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:863
msgid "Serving over HTTP using CGI"
msgstr "使用 CGI 通过 HTTP 提供服务"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:865
msgid ""
"Depending on how ambitious you are, configuring Mercurial's CGI interface can "
"take anything from a few moments to several hours."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:869
msgid ""
"We'll begin with the simplest of examples, and work our way towards a more "
"complex configuration.  Even for the most basic case, you're almost certainly "
"going to need to read and modify your web server's configuration."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><note><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:875
msgid ""
"Configuring a web server is a complex, fiddly, and highly system-dependent "
"activity.  I can't possibly give you instructions that will cover anything "
"like all of the cases you will encounter. Please use your discretion and "
"judgment in following the sections below.  Be prepared to make plenty of "
"mistakes, and to spend a lot of time reading your server's error logs."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:885
msgid "Web server configuration checklist"
msgstr "Web 服务器配置检查表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:887
msgid ""
"Before you continue, do take a few moments to check a few aspects of your "
"system's setup."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:891
msgid ""
"Do you have a web server installed at all? Mac OS X ships with Apache, but "
"many other systems may not have a web server installed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:895
msgid ""
"If you have a web server installed, is it actually running? On most systems, "
"even if one is present, it will be disabled by default."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:899
msgid ""
"Is your server configured to allow you to run CGI programs in the directory "
"where you plan to do so? Most servers default to explicitly disabling the "
"ability to run CGI programs."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:905
msgid ""
"If you don't have a web server installed, and don't have substantial "
"experience configuring Apache, you should consider using the "
"<literal>lighttpd</literal> web server instead of Apache.  Apache has a well-"
"deserved reputation for baroque and confusing configuration. While "

"<literal>lighttpd</literal> is undeniably <emphasis>much</emphasis> easier to "
"get started with than Apache."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:918
msgid "Basic CGI configuration"
msgstr "基本 CGI 配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:920
msgid ""
"On Unix-like systems, it's common for users to have a subdirectory named "
"something like <filename class=\"directory\">public_html</filename> in their "
"home directory, from which they can serve up web pages.  A file named "
"<filename>foo</filename> in this directory will be accessible at a URL of the "
"form <literal>http://www.example.com/\\ {</literal>username/foo}."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:929
msgid ""
"To get started, find the <filename role=\"special\">hgweb.cgi</filename> "
"script that should be present in your Mercurial installation.  If you can't "
"quickly find a local copy on your system, simply download one from the master "
"Mercurial repository at <ulink url=\"http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/"
"tip/hgweb.cgi\">http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/tip/hgweb.cgi</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:936 ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1109
msgid ""
"You'll need to copy this script into your <filename class=\"directory"
"\">public_html</filename> directory, and ensure that it's executable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:941
msgid ""
"The <literal>755</literal> argument to <command>chmod</command> is a little "
"more general than just making the script executable: it ensures that the "
"script is executable by anyone, and that <quote>group</quote> and "
"<quote>other</quote> write permissions are <emphasis>not</emphasis> set.  If "

"<literal>suexec</literal> also insists that the <emphasis>directory</"
"emphasis> in which the script resides must not be writable by others."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:955
msgid "What could <emphasis>possibly</emphasis> go wrong?"
msgstr "什么<emphasis>可能</emphasis>会出错?"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:958
msgid ""
"Once you've copied the CGI script into place, go into a web browser, and try "
"to open the URL <ulink url=\"http://myhostname/ myuser/hgweb.cgi\">http://"
"myhostname/ myuser/hgweb.cgi</ulink>, <emphasis>but</emphasis> brace yourself "
"for instant failure.  There's a high probability that trying to visit this "

"system running Fedora 7, with a fresh installation of Apache, and a user "
"account that I created specially to perform this exercise."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:972
msgid ""
"Your web server may have per-user directories disabled.  If you're using "
"Apache, search your config file for a <literal>UserDir</literal> directive.  "
"If there's none present, per-user directories will be disabled.  If one "
"exists, but its value is <literal>disabled</literal>, then per-user "

"your home directory, for example <filename class=\"directory\">public_html</"
"filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:983
msgid ""
"Your file access permissions may be too restrictive.  The web server must be "
"able to traverse your home directory and directories under your <filename "
"class=\"directory\">public_html</filename> directory, and read files under "
"the latter too.  Here's a quick recipe to help you to make your permissions "
"more appropriate."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:993
msgid ""
"The other possibility with permissions is that you might get a completely "
"empty window when you try to load the script.  In this case, it's likely that "
"your access permissions are <emphasis>too permissive</emphasis>.  Apache's "
"<literal>suexec</literal> subsystem won't execute a script that's group- or "
"world-writable, for example."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1000
msgid ""
"Your web server may be configured to disallow execution of CGI programs in "
"your per-user web directory.  Here's Apache's default per-user configuration "
"from my Fedora system."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1011
msgid ""
"If you find a similar-looking <literal>Directory</literal> group in your "
"Apache configuration, the directive to look at inside it is <literal>Options</"
"literal>. Add <literal>ExecCGI</literal> to the end of this list if it's "
"missing, and restart the web server."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1018
msgid ""
"If you find that Apache serves you the text of the CGI script instead of "
"executing it, you may need to either uncomment (if already present) or add a "
"directive like this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1024
msgid ""
"The next possibility is that you might be served with a colourful Python "
"backtrace claiming that it can't import a <literal>mercurial</literal>-"
"related module.  This is actually progress! The server is now capable of "
"executing your CGI script.  This error is only likely to occur if you're "

"\"special\">hgweb.cgi</filename> and follow the directions inside it to "
"correctly set your <envar>PYTHONPATH</envar> environment variable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1038
msgid ""
"Finally, you are <emphasis>certain</emphasis> to by served with another "
"colourful Python backtrace: this one will complain that it can't find "
"<filename class=\"directory\">/path/to/repository</filename>.  Edit your "
"<filename role=\"special\">hgweb.cgi</filename> script and replace the "
"<filename class=\"directory\">/path/to/repository</filename> string with the "
"complete path to the repository you want to serve up."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1048
msgid ""
"At this point, when you try to reload the page, you should be presented with "
"a nice HTML view of your repository's history.  Whew!"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1054
msgid "Configuring lighttpd"
msgstr "配置 lighttpd"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1056
msgid ""
"To be exhaustive in my experiments, I tried configuring the increasingly "
"popular <literal>lighttpd</literal> web server to serve the same repository "
"as I described with Apache above.  I had already overcome all of the problems "
"I outlined with Apache, many of which are not server-specific.  As a result, "
"I was fairly sure that my file and directory permissions were good, and that "
"my <filename role=\"special\">hgweb.cgi</filename> script was properly edited."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1066
msgid ""
"Once I had Apache running, getting <literal>lighttpd</literal> to serve the "
"repository was a snap (in other words, even if you're trying to use "
"<literal>lighttpd</literal>, you should read the Apache section).  I first "
"had to edit the <literal>mod_access</literal> section of its config file to "

"which were disabled by default on my system.  I then added a few lines to the "
"end of the config file, to configure these modules."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1078
msgid ""
"With this done, <literal>lighttpd</literal> ran immediately for me.  If I had "
"configured <literal>lighttpd</literal> before Apache, I'd almost certainly "
"have run into many of the same system-level configuration problems as I did "
"with Apache.  However, I found <literal>lighttpd</literal> to be noticeably "
"easier to configure than Apache, even though I've used Apache for over a "
"decade, and this was my first exposure to <literal>lighttpd</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1091
msgid "Sharing multiple repositories with one CGI script"
msgstr "使用一个 CGI 脚本共享多个版本库"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1093
msgid ""
"The <filename role=\"special\">hgweb.cgi</filename> script only lets you "
"publish a single repository, which is an annoying restriction.  If you want "
"to publish more than one without wracking yourself with multiple copies of "
"the same script, each with different names, a better choice is to use the "
"<filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> script."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1101
msgid ""
"The procedure to configure <filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> "
"is only a little more involved than for <filename role=\"special\">hgweb.cgi</"
"filename>.  First, you must obtain a copy of the script.  If you don't have "
"one handy, you can download a copy from the master Mercurial repository at "
"<ulink url=\"http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/tip/hgwebdir.cgi"
"\">http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/tip/hgwebdir.cgi</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1114
msgid ""
"With basic configuration out of the way, try to visit <ulink url=\"http://"
"myhostname/ myuser/hgwebdir.cgi\">http://myhostname/ myuser/hgwebdir.cgi</"
"ulink> in your browser.  It should display an empty list of repositories.  If "
"you get a blank window or error message, try walking through the list of "
"potential problems in section <xref linkend=\"sec.collab.wtf\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1123
msgid ""
"The <filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> script relies on an "
"external configuration file.  By default, it searches for a file named "
"<filename role=\"special\">hgweb.config</filename> in the same directory as "
"itself.  You'll need to create this file, and make it world-readable.  The "

"understood by Python's <literal>ConfigParser</literal> <citation>web:"
"configparser</citation> module."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1133
msgid ""
"The easiest way to configure <filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</"
"filename> is with a section named <literal>collections</literal>.  This will "
"automatically publish <emphasis>every</emphasis> repository under the "
"directories you name.  The section should look like this:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1141
msgid ""
"Mercurial interprets this by looking at the directory name on the "
"<emphasis>right</emphasis> hand side of the <quote><literal>=</literal></"
"quote> sign; finding repositories in that directory hierarchy; and using the "
"text on the <emphasis>left</emphasis> to strip off matching text from the "

"a path after this stripping has occurred is called a <quote>virtual path</"
"quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1150
msgid ""
"Given the example above, if we have a repository whose local path is "
"<filename class=\"directory\">/my/root/this/repo</filename>, the CGI script "
"will strip the leading <filename class=\"directory\">/my/root</filename> from "
"the name, and publish the repository with a virtual path of <filename class="

"<ulink url=\"http://myhostname/ myuser/hgwebdir.cgi/this/repo\">http://"
"myhostname/ myuser/hgwebdir.cgi/this/repo</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1164
msgid ""
"If we replace <filename class=\"directory\">/my/root</filename> on the left "
"hand side of this example with <filename class=\"directory\">/my</filename>, "
"then <filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> will only strip off "
"<filename class=\"directory\">/my</filename> from the repository name, and "
"will give us a virtual path of <filename class=\"directory\">root/this/repo</"
"filename> instead of <filename class=\"directory\">this/repo</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1174
msgid ""
"The <filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> script will "
"recursively search each directory listed in the <literal>collections</"
"literal> section of its configuration file, but it will <literal>not</"
"literal> recurse into the repositories it finds."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1180
msgid ""
"The <literal>collections</literal> mechanism makes it easy to publish many "
"repositories in a <quote>fire and forget</quote> manner.  You only need to "
"set up the CGI script and configuration file one time.  Afterwards, you can "
"publish or unpublish a repository at any time by simply moving it into, or "
"out of, the directory hierarchy in which you've configured <filename role="
"\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> to look."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1190
msgid "Explicitly specifying which repositories to publish"
msgstr "明确指出要发布的版本库"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1193
msgid ""
"In addition to the <literal>collections</literal> mechanism, the <filename "
"role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> script allows you to publish a "
"specific list of repositories.  To do so, create a <literal>paths</literal> "
"section, with contents of the following form."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1201
msgid ""
"In this case, the virtual path (the component that will appear in a URL) is "
"on the left hand side of each definition, while the path to the repository is "
"on the right.  Notice that there does not need to be any relationship between "
"the virtual path you choose and the location of a repository in your "
"filesystem."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1208
msgid ""
"If you wish, you can use both the <literal>collections</literal> and "
"<literal>paths</literal> mechanisms simultaneously in a single configuration "
"file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><note><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1214
msgid ""
"If multiple repositories have the same virtual path, <filename role=\"special"
"\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> will not report an error.  Instead, it will behave "
"unpredictably."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1223
msgid "Downloading source archives"
msgstr "下载源代码档案包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1225
msgid ""
"Mercurial's web interface lets users download an archive of any revision.  "
"This archive will contain a snapshot of the working directory as of that "
"revision, but it will not contain a copy of the repository data."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1230
msgid ""
"By default, this feature is not enabled.  To enable it, you'll need to add an "
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">allow_archive</envar> item to the <literal role="
"\"rc-web\">web</literal> section of your <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</"
"filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1238
msgid "Web configuration options"
msgstr "Web 配置选项"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1240
msgid ""
"Mercurial's web interfaces (the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> "
"command, and the <filename role=\"special\">hgweb.cgi</filename> and "
"<filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> scripts) have a number of "
"configuration options that you can set.  These belong in a section named "
"<literal role=\"rc-web\">web</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1248
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">allow_archive</envar>: Determines which (if any) "
"archive download mechanisms Mercurial supports.  If you enable this feature, "
"users of the web interface will be able to download an archive of whatever "
"revision of a repository they are viewing. To enable the archive feature, "
"this item must take the form of a sequence of words drawn from the list below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1257
msgid ""
"<literal>bz2</literal>: A <command>tar</command> archive, compressed using "
"<literal>bzip2</literal> compression.  This has the best compression ratio, "
"but uses the most CPU time on the server."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1263
msgid ""
"<literal>gz</literal>: A <command>tar</command> archive, compressed using "
"<literal>gzip</literal> compression."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1267
msgid ""
"<literal>zip</literal>: A <command>zip</command> archive, compressed using "
"LZW compression.  This format has the worst compression ratio, but is widely "
"used in the Windows world."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1273
msgid ""
"If you provide an empty list, or don't have an <envar role=\"rc-item-web"
"\">allow_archive</envar> entry at all, this feature will be disabled.  Here "
"is an example of how to enable all three supported formats."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1280
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">allowpull</envar>: Boolean.  Determines whether "
"the web interface allows remote users to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</"
"command> and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg clone</command> this repository over "
"HTTP.  If set to <literal>no</literal> or <literal>false</literal>, only the "
"<quote>human-oriented</quote> portion of the web interface is available."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1289
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">contact</envar>: String.  A free-form (but "
"preferably brief) string identifying the person or group in charge of the "
"repository.  This often contains the name and email address of a person or "
"mailing list.  It often makes sense to place this entry in a repository's own "

"use in a global <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>\\ if every "
"repository has a single maintainer."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1300
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">maxchanges</envar>: Integer.  The default maximum "
"number of changesets to display in a single page of output."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1304
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">maxfiles</envar>: Integer.  The default maximum "
"number of modified files to display in a single page of output."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1308
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">stripes</envar>: Integer.  If the web interface "
"displays alternating <quote>stripes</quote> to make it easier to visually "
"align rows when you are looking at a table, this number controls the number "
"of rows in each stripe."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1314
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">style</envar>: Controls the template Mercurial "
"uses to display the web interface.  Mercurial ships with two web templates, "
"named <literal>default</literal> and <literal>gitweb</literal> (the latter is "
"much more visually attractive).  You can also specify a custom template of "
"your own; see chapter <xref linkend=\"chap.template\"/> for details.  Here, "
"you can see how to enable the <literal>gitweb</literal> style."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1325
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">templates</envar>: Path.  The directory in which "
"to search for template files.  By default, Mercurial searches in the "
"directory in which it was installed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1330
msgid ""
"If you are using <filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename>, you can "
"place a few configuration items in a <literal role=\"rc-web\">web</literal> "
"section of the <filename role=\"special\">hgweb.config</filename> file "
"instead of a <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>\\ file, for "
"convenience.  These items are <envar role=\"rc-item-web\">motd</envar> and "
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">style</envar>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1341
msgid "Options specific to an individual repository"
msgstr "针对单个版本库的选项"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1343
msgid ""
"A few <literal role=\"rc-web\">web</literal> configuration items ought to be "
"placed in a repository's local <filename role=\"special\">.hg/hgrc</"
"filename>, rather than a user's or global <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</"
"filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1349
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">description</envar>: String.  A free-form (but "
"preferably brief) string that describes the contents or purpose of the "
"repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1354
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">name</envar>: String.  The name to use for the "
"repository in the web interface.  This overrides the default name, which is "
"the last component of the repository's path."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1362
msgid ""
"Options specific to the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> command"
msgstr "命令 <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> 的选项"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1365
msgid ""
"Some of the items in the <literal role=\"rc-web\">web</literal> section of a "
"<filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>\\ file are only for use with "
"the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1371
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">accesslog</envar>: Path.  The name of a file into "
"which to write an access log.  By default, the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"serve</command> command writes this information to standard output, not to a "
"file.  Log entries are written in the standard <quote>combined</quote> file "
"format used by almost all web servers."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1379
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">address</envar>: String.  The local address on "
"which the server should listen for incoming connections.  By default, the "
"server listens on all addresses."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1384
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">errorlog</envar>: Path.  The name of a file into "
"which to write an error log.  By default, the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"serve</command> command writes this information to standard error, not to a "
"file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1390
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">ipv6</envar>: Boolean.  Whether to use the IPv6 "
"protocol. By default, IPv6 is not used."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1394
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">port</envar>: Integer.  The TCP port number on "
"which the server should listen.  The default port number used is 8000."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1401
msgid ""
"Choosing the right <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>\\ file to "
"add <literal role=\"rc-web\">web</literal> items to"
msgstr ""
"选择正确的 <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename> 文件增加到 <literal "
"role=\"rc-web\">web</literal> 条目"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1405
msgid ""
"It is important to remember that a web server like Apache or "
"<literal>lighttpd</literal> will run under a user ID that is different to "
"yours. CGI scripts run by your server, such as <filename role=\"special"
"\">hgweb.cgi</filename>, will usually also run under that user ID."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1412
msgid ""
"If you add <literal role=\"rc-web\">web</literal> items to your own personal "
"<filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>\\ file, CGI scripts won't read "
"that <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>\\ file.  Those settings "
"will thus only affect the behaviour of the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</"

"longer present.  Taking a look at the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"log</command> gives us an idea of what the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"backout</command> command has done.  &interaction.backout.simple.log; Notice "
"that the new changeset that <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> has "
"created is a child of the changeset we backed out.  It's easier to see this "
"in figure <xref linkend=\"fig.undo.backout\"/>, which presents a graphical "
"view of the change history.  As you can see, the history is nice and linear."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:362
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/undo-simple.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:364 ../en/ch09-undo.xml:477
msgid ""
"Backing out a change using the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> "
"command"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:373
msgid "Backing out a non-tip change"
msgstr "恢复非顶点的修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:375
msgid ""
"If you want to back out a change other than the last one you committed, pass "
"the <option role=\"hg-opt-backout\">--merge</option> option to the <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:382
msgid ""
"This makes backing out any changeset a <quote>one-shot</quote> operation "
"that's usually simple and fast."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:388
msgid ""
"If you take a look at the contents of <filename>myfile</filename> after the "
"backout finishes, you'll see that the first and third changes are present, "
"but not the second."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:395
msgid ""
"As the graphical history in figure <xref linkend=\"fig.undo.backout-non-tip\"/"
"> illustrates, Mercurial actually commits <emphasis>two</emphasis> changes in "
"this kind of situation (the box-shaped nodes are the ones that Mercurial "
"commits automatically).  Before Mercurial begins the backout process, it "
"first remembers what the current parent of the working directory is.  It then "
"backs out the target changeset, and commits that as a changeset.  Finally, it "
"merges back to the previous parent of the working directory, and commits the "
"result of the merge."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:406
msgid ""
"% TODO: to me it looks like mercurial doesn't commit the second merge "
"automatically!"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:410
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/undo-non-tip.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:412
msgid ""
"Automated backout of a non-tip change using the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"backout</command> command"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:418
msgid ""
"The result is that you end up <quote>back where you were</quote>, only with "
"some extra history that undoes the effect of the changeset you wanted to back "
"out."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:423
msgid "Always use the <option role=\"hg-opt-backout\">--merge</option> option"
msgstr "始终使用选项 <option role=\"hg-opt-backout\">--merge</option>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:426
msgid ""
"In fact, since the <option role=\"hg-opt-backout\">--merge</option> option "
"will do the <quote>right thing</quote> whether or not the changeset you're "
"backing out is the tip (i.e. it won't try to merge if it's backing out the "
"tip, since there's no need), you should <emphasis>always</emphasis> use this "
"option when you run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:437
msgid "Gaining more control of the backout process"
msgstr "在恢复处理中获得更多控制"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:439
msgid ""
"While I've recommended that you always use the <option role=\"hg-opt-backout"
"\">--merge</option> option when backing out a change, the <command role=\"hg-"
"cmd\">hg backout</command> command lets you decide how to merge a backout "
"changeset.  Taking control of the backout process by hand is something you "

"To illustrate this, let's clone our first repository, but omit the backout "
"change that it contains."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:452
msgid ""
"As with our earlier example, We'll commit a third changeset, then back out "
"its parent, and see what happens."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:458
msgid ""
"Our new changeset is again a descendant of the changeset we backout out; it's "
"thus a new head, <emphasis>not</emphasis> a descendant of the changeset that "
"was the tip.  The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command was "
"quite explicit in telling us this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:466
msgid ""
"Again, it's easier to see what has happened by looking at a graph of the "
"revision history, in figure <xref linkend=\"fig.undo.backout-manual\"/>.  "
"This makes it clear that when we use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</"
"command> to back out a change other than the tip, Mercurial adds a new head "
"to the repository (the change it committed is box-shaped)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:475
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/undo-manual.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:484
msgid ""
"After the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command has "
"completed, it leaves the new <quote>backout</quote> changeset as the parent "
"of the working directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:491
msgid "Now we have two isolated sets of changes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:495
msgid ""
"Let's think about what we expect to see as the contents of <filename>myfile</"
"filename> now.  The first change should be present, because we've never "
"backed it out.  The second change should be missing, as that's the change we "
"backed out.  Since the history graph shows the third change as a separate "
"head, we <emphasis>don't</emphasis> expect to see the third change present in "
"<filename>myfile</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:505
msgid ""
"To get the third change back into the file, we just do a normal merge of our "
"two heads."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:510
msgid ""
"Afterwards, the graphical history of our repository looks like figure <xref "
"linkend=\"fig.undo.backout-manual-merge\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:515
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/undo-manual-merge.png\"/></"
"imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:517
msgid "Manually merging a backout change"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:524
msgid "Why <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> works as it does"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> 的内幕"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:527
msgid ""
"Here's a brief description of how the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</"
"command> command works."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:530
msgid ""
"It ensures that the working directory is <quote>clean</quote>, i.e. that the "
"output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> would be empty."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:534
msgid ""
"It remembers the current parent of the working directory.  Let's call this "
"changeset <literal>orig</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:538
msgid ""
"It does the equivalent of a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> to "
"sync the working directory to the changeset you want to back out.  Let's call "
"this changeset <literal>backout</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:543
msgid ""
"It finds the parent of that changeset.  Let's call that changeset "
"<literal>parent</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:546
msgid ""
"For each file that the <literal>backout</literal> changeset affected, it does "
"the equivalent of a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg revert -r parent</command> on "
"that file, to restore it to the contents it had before that changeset was "
"committed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:553
msgid ""
"It commits the result as a new changeset.  This changeset has "
"<literal>backout</literal> as its parent."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:557
msgid ""
"If you specify <option role=\"hg-opt-backout\">--merge</option> on the "
"command line, it merges with <literal>orig</literal>, and commits the result "
"of the merge."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:563
msgid ""
"An alternative way to implement the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</"
"command> command would be to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg export</command> the "
"to-be-backed-out changeset as a diff, then use the <option role=\"cmd-opt-"
"patch\">--reverse</option> option to the <command>patch</command> command to "
"reverse the effect of the change without fiddling with the working "
"directory.  This sounds much simpler, but it would not work nearly as well."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:573
msgid ""
"The reason that <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> does an update, "
"a commit, a merge, and another commit is to give the merge machinery the best "
"chance to do a good job when dealing with all the changes <emphasis>between</"
"emphasis> the change you're backing out and the current tip."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:580
msgid ""
"If you're backing out a changeset that's 100 revisions back in your project's "
"history, the chances that the <command>patch</command> command will be able "
"to apply a reverse diff cleanly are not good, because intervening changes are "
"likely to have <quote>broken the context</quote> that <command>patch</"

"modifications to binary files, none of which <command>patch</command> can "
"deal with."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:597
msgid "Changes that should never have been"
msgstr "不该发生的修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:599
msgid ""
"Most of the time, the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command "
"is exactly what you need if you want to undo the effects of a change.  It "
"leaves a permanent record of exactly what you did, both when committing the "
"original changeset and when you cleaned up after it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:605
msgid ""
"On rare occasions, though, you may find that you've committed a change that "
"really should not be present in the repository at all.  For example, it would "
"be very unusual, and usually considered a mistake, to commit a software "
"project's object files as well as its source files.  Object files have almost "

"the size of the repository and the amount of time it takes to clone or pull "
"changes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:614
msgid ""
"Before I discuss the options that you have if you commit a <quote>brown paper "
"bag</quote> change (the kind that's so bad that you want to pull a brown "
"paper bag over your head), let me first discuss some approaches that probably "
"won't work."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:619
msgid ""
"Since Mercurial treats history as accumulative&emdash;every change builds on "
"top of all changes that preceded it&emdash;you generally can't just make "
"disastrous changes disappear.  The one exception is when you've just "
"committed a change, and it hasn't been pushed or pulled into another "

"rollback</command> command, as I detailed in section <xref linkend=\"sec.undo."
"rollback\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:628
msgid ""
"After you've pushed a bad change to another repository, you <emphasis>could</"
"emphasis> still use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rollback</command> to make "
"your local copy of the change disappear, but it won't have the consequences "
"you want.  The change will still be present in the remote repository, so it "
"will reappear in your local repository the next time you pull."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:636
msgid ""
"If a situation like this arises, and you know which repositories your bad "
"change has propagated into, you can <emphasis>try</emphasis> to get rid of "
"the changeefrom <emphasis>every</emphasis> one of those repositories.  This "
"is, of course, not a satisfactory solution: if you miss even a single "
"repository while you're expunging, the change is still <quote>in the wild</"
"quote>, and could propagate further."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:644
msgid ""
"If you've committed one or more changes <emphasis>after</emphasis> the change "
"that you'd like to see disappear, your options are further reduced. Mercurial "
"doesn't provide a way to <quote>punch a hole</quote> in history, leaving "
"changesets intact."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:650
msgid ""
"XXX This needs filling out.  The <literal>hg-replay</literal> script in the "
"<literal>examples</literal> directory works, but doesn't handle merge "
"changesets.  Kind of an important omission."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:656
msgid "Protect yourself from <quote>escaped</quote> changes"
msgstr "使用<quote>校验</quote>修改来保护你自己"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:659
msgid ""
"If you've committed some changes to your local repository and they've been "
"pushed or pulled somewhere else, this isn't necessarily a disaster.  You can "
"protect yourself ahead of time against some classes of bad changeset.  This "
"is particularly easy if your team usually pulls changes from a central "
"repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:666
msgid ""
"By configuring some hooks on that repository to validate incoming changesets "
"(see chapter <xref linkend=\"chap.hook\"/>), you can automatically prevent "
"some kinds of bad changeset from being pushed to the central repository at "
"all.  With such a configuration in place, some kinds of bad changeset will "

"the central repository.  Better yet, this happens without any need for "
"explicit intervention."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:676
msgid ""
"For instance, an incoming change hook that verifies that a changeset will "
"actually compile can prevent people from inadvertantly <quote>breaking the "
"build</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:683
msgid "Finding the source of a bug"
msgstr "查找问题的根源"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:685
msgid ""
"While it's all very well to be able to back out a changeset that introduced a "
"bug, this requires that you know which changeset to back out.  Mercurial "
"provides an invaluable command, called <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</"
"command>, that helps you to automate this process and accomplish it very "
"efficiently."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:692
msgid ""
"The idea behind the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command is "
"that a changeset has introduced some change of behaviour that you can "
"identify with a simple binary test.  You don't know which piece of code "
"introduced the change, but you know how to test for the presence of the bug.  "

"direct its search for the changeset that introduced the code that caused the "
"bug."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:701
msgid ""
"Here are a few scenarios to help you understand how you might apply this "
"command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:704
msgid ""
"The most recent version of your software has a bug that you remember wasn't "
"present a few weeks ago, but you don't know when it was introduced.  Here, "
"your binary test checks for the presence of that bug."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:709
msgid ""
"You fixed a bug in a rush, and now it's time to close the entry in your "
"team's bug database.  The bug database requires a changeset ID when you close "
"an entry, but you don't remember which changeset you fixed the bug in.  Once "
"again, your binary test checks for the presence of the bug."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:716
msgid ""
"Your software works correctly, but runs 15% slower than the last time you "
"measured it.  You want to know which changeset introduced the performance "
"regression.  In this case, your binary test measures the performance of your "
"software, to see whether it's <quote>fast</quote> or <quote>slow</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:723
msgid ""
"The sizes of the components of your project that you ship exploded recently, "
"and you suspect that something changed in the way you build your project."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:728
msgid ""
"From these examples, it should be clear that the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"bisect</command> command is not useful only for finding the sources of bugs.  "
"You can use it to find any <quote>emergent property</quote> of a repository "
"(anything that you can't find from a simple text search of the files in the "
"tree) for which you can write a binary test."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:735
msgid ""
"We'll introduce a little bit of terminology here, just to make it clear which "
"parts of the search process are your responsibility, and which are "
"Mercurial's.  A <emphasis>test</emphasis> is something that <emphasis>you</"
"emphasis> run when <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> chooses a "

"the phrase <quote>search using the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</"
"command> command</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:748
msgid ""
"One simple way to automate the searching process would be simply to probe "
"every changeset.  However, this scales poorly.  If it took ten minutes to "
"test a single changeset, and you had 10,000 changesets in your repository, "
"the exhaustive approach would take on average 35 <emphasis>days</emphasis> to "

"those, you'd still be looking at over 40 hours to find the changeset that "
"introduced your bug."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:758
msgid ""
"What the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command does is use its "
"knowledge of the <quote>shape</quote> of your project's revision history to "
"perform a search in time proportional to the <emphasis>logarithm</emphasis> "
"of the number of changesets to check (the kind of search it performs is "

"search will require about 14 tests).  Limit your search to the last hundred "
"changesets, and it will take only about an hour (roughly seven tests)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:769
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command is aware of the "
"<quote>branchy</quote> nature of a Mercurial project's revision history, so "
"it has no problems dealing with branches, merges, or multiple heads in a "
"repository.  It can prune entire branches of history with a single probe, "
"which is how it operates so efficiently."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:777
msgid "Using the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command"
msgstr "使用命令 <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:780
msgid ""
"Here's an example of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> in action."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:784
msgid ""
"In versions 0.9.5 and earlier of Mercurial, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"bisect</command> was not a core command: it was distributed with Mercurial as "
"an extension. This section describes the built-in command, not the old "
"extension."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:791
msgid ""
"Now let's create a repository, so that we can try out the <command role=\"hg-"
"cmd\">hg bisect</command> command in isolation."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:797
msgid ""
"We'll simulate a project that has a bug in it in a simple-minded way: create "
"trivial changes in a loop, and nominate one specific change that will have "
"the <quote>bug</quote>.  This loop creates 35 changesets, each adding a "
"single file to the repository. We'll represent our <quote>bug</quote> with a "
"file that contains the text <quote>i have a gub</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:807
msgid ""
"The next thing that we'd like to do is figure out how to use the <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command.  We can use Mercurial's normal "
"built-in help mechanism for this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:814
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command works in steps.  "
"Each step proceeds as follows."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:817
msgid "You run your binary test."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:819
msgid ""
"If the test succeeded, you tell <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> "
"by running the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect good</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:824
msgid ""
"If it failed, run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect bad</command> "
"command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:828
msgid ""
"The command uses your information to decide which changeset to test next."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:831
msgid ""
"It updates the working directory to that changeset, and the process begins "
"again."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:834
msgid ""
"The process ends when <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> identifies "
"a unique changeset that marks the point where your test transitioned from "
"<quote>succeeding</quote> to <quote>failing</quote>."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:839
msgid ""
"To start the search, we must run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect --"
"reset</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:844
msgid ""
"In our case, the binary test we use is simple: we check to see if any file in "
"the repository contains the string <quote>i have a gub</quote>.  If it does, "
"this changeset contains the change that <quote>caused the bug</quote>.  By "
"convention, a changeset that has the property we're searching for is "
"<quote>bad</quote>, while one that doesn't is <quote>good</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:852
msgid ""
"Most of the time, the revision to which the working directory is synced "
"(usually the tip) already exhibits the problem introduced by the buggy "
"change, so we'll mark it as <quote>bad</quote>."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:859
msgid ""
"Our next task is to nominate a changeset that we know <emphasis>doesn't</"
"emphasis> have the bug; the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> "
"command will <quote>bracket</quote> its search between the first pair of good "
"and bad changesets.  In our case, we know that revision 10 didn't have the "
"bug.  (I'll have more words about choosing the first <quote>good</quote> "
"changeset later.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:869
msgid "Notice that this command printed some output."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:871
msgid ""
"It told us how many changesets it must consider before it can identify the "
"one that introduced the bug, and how many tests that will require."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:875
msgid ""
"It updated the working directory to the next changeset to test, and told us "
"which changeset it's testing."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:880
msgid ""
"We now run our test in the working directory.  We use the <command>grep</"
"command> command to see if our <quote>bad</quote> file is present in the "
"working directory.  If it is, this revision is bad; if not, this revision is "
"good.  &interaction.bisect.search.step1;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:886
msgid ""
"This test looks like a perfect candidate for automation, so let's turn it "
"into a shell function."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:890
msgid ""
"We can now run an entire test step with a single command, <literal>mytest</"
"literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:895
msgid "A few more invocations of our canned test step command, and we're done."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:900
msgid ""
"Even though we had 40 changesets to search through, the <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg bisect</command> command let us find the changeset that introduced our "
"<quote>bug</quote> with only five tests.  Because the number of tests that "
"the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command performs grows "

"it has over the <quote>brute force</quote> search approach increases with "
"every changeset you add."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:911
msgid "Cleaning up after your search"
msgstr "搜索后的清理"

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:913
msgid ""
"When you're finished using the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> "
"command in a repository, you can use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect "
"reset</command> command to drop the information it was using to drive your "
"search.  The command doesn't use much space, so it doesn't matter if you "

"command> won't let you start a new search in that repository until you do a "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect reset</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:928
msgid "Tips for finding bugs effectively"
msgstr "有效查找问题的技巧"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:931
msgid "Give consistent input"
msgstr "给出一致的输入"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:933
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command requires that you "
"correctly report the result of every test you perform.  If you tell it that a "
"test failed when it really succeeded, it <emphasis>might</emphasis> be able "
"to detect the inconsistency.  If it can identify an inconsistency in your "

"However, it can't do this perfectly; it's about as likely to report the wrong "
"changeset as the source of the bug."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:945
msgid "Automate as much as possible"
msgstr "尽量自动"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:947
msgid ""
"When I started using the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> "
"command, I tried a few times to run my tests by hand, on the command line.  "
"This is an approach that I, at least, am not suited to.  After a few tries, I "
"found that I was making enough mistakes that I was having to restart my "
"searches several times before finally getting correct results."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:955
msgid ""
"My initial problems with driving the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</"
"command> command by hand occurred even with simple searches on small "
"repositories; if the problem you're looking for is more subtle, or the number "
"of tests that <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> must perform "
"increases, the likelihood of operator error ruining the search is much "
"higher.  Once I started automating my tests, I had much better results."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:964
msgid "The key to automated testing is twofold:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:966
msgid "always test for the same symptom, and"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:968
msgid ""
"always feed consistent input to the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</"
"command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:971
msgid ""
"In my tutorial example above, the <command>grep</command> command tests for "
"the symptom, and the <literal>if</literal> statement takes the result of this "
"check and ensures that we always feed the same input to the <command role="
"\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command.  The <literal>mytest</literal> "
"function marries these together in a reproducible way, so that every test is "
"uniform and consistent."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:981
msgid "Check your results"
msgstr "检查你的结果"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:983
msgid ""
"Because the output of a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> search "
"is only as good as the input you give it, don't take the changeset it reports "
"as the absolute truth.  A simple way to cross-check its report is to manually "
"run your test at each of the following changesets:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:989
msgid ""
"The changeset that it reports as the first bad revision.  Your test should "
"still report this as bad."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:993
msgid ""
"The parent of that changeset (either parent, if it's a merge). Your test "
"should report this changeset as good."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:997
msgid ""
"A child of that changeset.  Your test should report this changeset as bad."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1003
msgid "Beware interference between bugs"
msgstr "谨防问题之间的冲突"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1005
msgid ""
"It's possible that your search for one bug could be disrupted by the presence "
"of another.  For example, let's say your software crashes at revision 100, "
"and worked correctly at revision 50.  Unknown to you, someone else introduced "
"a different crashing bug at revision 60, and fixed it at revision 80.  This "
"could distort your results in one of several ways."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1013
msgid ""
"It is possible that this other bug completely <quote>masks</quote> yours, "
"which is to say that it occurs before your bug has a chance to manifest "
"itself.  If you can't avoid that other bug (for example, it prevents your "
"project from building), and so can't tell whether your bug is present in a "

"command cannot help you directly.  Instead, you can mark a changeset as "
"untested by running <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect --skip</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1023
msgid ""
"A different problem could arise if your test for a bug's presence is not "
"specific enough.  If you check for <quote>my program crashes</quote>, then "
"both your crashing bug and an unrelated crashing bug that masks it will look "
"like the same thing, and mislead <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1030
msgid ""
"Another useful situation in which to use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect --"
"skip</command> is if you can't test a revision because your project was in a "
"broken and hence untestable state at that revision, perhaps because someone "
"checked in a change that prevented the project from building."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1039
msgid "Bracket your search lazily"
msgstr "减少你的查找工作"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1041
msgid ""
"Choosing the first <quote>good</quote> and <quote>bad</quote> changesets that "
"will mark the end points of your search is often easy, but it bears a little "
"discussion nevertheless.  From the perspective of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"bisect</command>, the <quote>newest</quote> changeset is conventionally "
"<quote>bad</quote>, and the older changeset is <quote>good</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1049
msgid ""
"If you're having trouble remembering when a suitable <quote>good</quote> "
"change was, so that you can tell <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</"
"command>, you could do worse than testing changesets at random.  Just "
"remember to eliminate contenders that can't possibly exhibit the bug (perhaps "
"because the feature with the bug isn't present yet) and those where another "
"problem masks the bug (as I discussed above)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1058
msgid ""
"Even if you end up <quote>early</quote> by thousands of changesets or months "
"of history, you will only add a handful of tests to the total number that "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> must perform, thanks to its "
"logarithmic behaviour."

"repository, and the effects of the patch and changeset are visible in the "
"working directory.  You can undo the application of a patch using the "
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command> command.  MQ still <emphasis>knows "
"about</emphasis>, or manages, a popped patch, but the patch no longer has a "
"corresponding changeset in the repository, and the working directory does not "
"contain the changes made by the patch.  Figure <xref linkend=\"fig.mq.stack\"/"
"> illustrates the difference between applied and tracked patches."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:407
msgid "<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/mq-stack.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:409
msgid "Applied and unapplied patches in the MQ patch stack"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:414
msgid ""
"You can reapply an unapplied, or popped, patch using the <command role=\"hg-"
"ext-mq\">qpush</command> command.  This creates a new changeset to correspond "
"to the patch, and the patch's changes once again become present in the "
"working directory.  See below for examples of <command role=\"hg-ext-mq"
"\">qpop</command> and <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> in action."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:423
msgid ""
"Notice that once we have popped a patch or two patches, the output of "
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qseries</command> remains the same, while that of "
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qapplied</command> has changed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:431
msgid "Pushing and popping many patches"
msgstr "压入或弹出多个补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:433
msgid ""
"While <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> and <command role=\"hg-ext-"
"mq\">qpop</command> each operate on a single patch at a time by default, you "
"can push and pop many patches in one go.  The <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-"
"qpush-opt\">hg -a</option> option to <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</"

"command> causes it to pop all applied patches.  (For some more ways to push "
"and pop many patches, see section <xref linkend=\"sec.mq.perf\"/> below.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:450
msgid "Safety checks, and overriding them"
msgstr "安全的检查，然后覆盖它们"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:452
msgid ""
"Several MQ commands check the working directory before they do anything, and "
"fail if they find any modifications.  They do this to ensure that you won't "
"lose any changes that you have made, but not yet incorporated into a patch.  "
"The example below illustrates this; the <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnew</"

"changes, caused in this case by the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command> "
"of <filename>file3</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:464
msgid ""
"Commands that check the working directory all take an <quote>I know what I'm "
"doing</quote> option, which is always named <option>-f</option>.  The exact "
"meaning of <option>-f</option> depends on the command.  For example, <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qnew <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qnew-opt\">hg -f</"

"affected by the patch that it is popping.  Be sure to read the documentation "
"for a command's <option>-f</option> option before you use it!"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:479
msgid "Working on several patches at once"
msgstr "同时处理多个补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:481
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command> command always refreshes "
"the <emphasis>topmost</emphasis> applied patch.  This means that you can "
"suspend work on one patch (by refreshing it), pop or push to make a different "
"patch the top, and work on <emphasis>that</emphasis> patch for a while."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:488
msgid ""
"Here's an example that illustrates how you can use this ability. Let's say "
"you're developing a new feature as two patches.  The first is a change to the "
"core of your software, and the second&emdash;layered on top of the "
"first&emdash;changes the user interface to use the code you just added to the "

"role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> back to the UI patch to continue where you "
"left off."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:505
msgid "More about patches"
msgstr "关于补丁的更多信息"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:507
msgid ""
"MQ uses the GNU <command>patch</command> command to apply patches, so it's "
"helpful to know a few more detailed aspects of how <command>patch</command> "
"works, and about patches themselves."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:513
msgid "The strip count"
msgstr "修剪计数"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:515
msgid ""
"If you look at the file headers in a patch, you will notice that the "
"pathnames usually have an extra component on the front that isn't present in "
"the actual path name.  This is a holdover from the way that people used to "
"generate patches (people still do this, but it's somewhat rare with modern "
"revision control tools)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:522
msgid ""
"Alice would unpack a tarball, edit her files, then decide that she wanted to "
"create a patch.  So she'd rename her working directory, unpack the tarball "
"again (hence the need for the rename), and use the <option role=\"cmd-opt-diff"
"\">-r</option> and <option role=\"cmd-opt-diff\">-N</option> options to "

"every file header, and the name of the modified directory would be at the "
"front of the right-hand path."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:535
msgid ""
"Since someone receiving a patch from the Alices of the net would be unlikely "
"to have unmodified and modified directories with exactly the same names, the "
"<command>patch</command> command has a <option role=\"cmd-opt-patch\">-p</"
"option> option that indicates the number of leading path name components to "
"strip when trying to apply a patch.  This number is called the "
"<emphasis>strip count</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:543
msgid ""
"An option of <quote><literal>-p1</literal></quote> means <quote>use a strip "
"count of one</quote>.  If <command>patch</command> sees a file name "
"<filename>foo/bar/baz</filename> in a file header, it will strip "
"<filename>foo</filename> and try to patch a file named <filename>bar/baz</"

"<filename>bar</filename>, but <filename>/foo/bar</filename> (notice the extra "
"leading slash) into <filename>foo/bar</filename>.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:556
msgid ""
"The <quote>standard</quote> strip count for patches is one; almost all "
"patches contain one leading path name component that needs to be stripped. "
"Mercurial's <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> command generates path "
"names in this form, and the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg import</command> "
"command and MQ expect patches to have a strip count of one."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:564
msgid ""
"If you receive a patch from someone that you want to add to your patch queue, "
"and the patch needs a strip count other than one, you cannot just <command "
"role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qimport</command> the patch, because <command role=\"hg-"
"ext-mq\">qimport</command> does not yet have a <literal>-p</literal> option "

"unnecessary; see <ulink role=\"hg-bug\" url=\"http://www.selenic.com/"
"mercurial/bts/issue311\">issue 311</ulink> for details."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:583
msgid "Strategies for applying a patch"
msgstr "应用补丁的策略"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:585
msgid ""
"When <command>patch</command> applies a hunk, it tries a handful of "
"successively less accurate strategies to try to make the hunk apply. This "
"falling-back technique often makes it possible to take a patch that was "
"generated against an old version of a file, and apply it against a newer "
"version of that file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:592
msgid ""
"First, <command>patch</command> tries an exact match, where the line numbers, "
"the context, and the text to be modified must apply exactly.  If it cannot "
"make an exact match, it tries to find an exact match for the context, without "
"honouring the line numbering information.  If this succeeds, it prints a line "
"of output saying that the hunk was applied, but at some <emphasis>offset</"
"emphasis> from the original line number."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:601
msgid ""
"If a context-only match fails, <command>patch</command> removes the first and "
"last lines of the context, and tries a <emphasis>reduced</emphasis> context-"
"only match.  If the hunk with reduced context succeeds, it prints a message "
"saying that it applied the hunk with a <emphasis>fuzz factor</emphasis> (the "
"number after the fuzz factor indicates how many lines of context "
"<command>patch</command> had to trim before the patch applied)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:610
msgid ""
"When neither of these techniques works, <command>patch</command> prints a "
"message saying that the hunk in question was rejected.  It saves rejected "
"hunks (also simply called <quote>rejects</quote>) to a file with the same "
"name, and an added <filename role=\"special\">.rej</filename> extension.  It "

"hunk, and <filename>foo</filename>, containing the changes made by the five "
"successful hunks."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:628
msgid "Some quirks of patch representation"
msgstr "补丁的一些特性"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:630
msgid ""
"There are a few useful things to know about how <command>patch</command> "
"works with files."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:633
msgid ""
"This should already be obvious, but <command>patch</command> cannot handle "
"binary files."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:637
msgid ""
"Neither does it care about the executable bit; it creates new files as "
"readable, but not executable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:641
msgid ""
"<command>patch</command> treats the removal of a file as a diff between the "
"file to be removed and the empty file.  So your idea of <quote>I deleted this "
"file</quote> looks like <quote>every line of this file was deleted</quote> in "
"a patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:647
msgid ""
"It treats the addition of a file as a diff between the empty file and the "
"file to be added.  So in a patch, your idea of <quote>I added this file</"
"quote> looks like <quote>every line of this file was added</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:653
msgid ""
"It treats a renamed file as the removal of the old name, and the addition of "
"the new name.  This means that renamed files have a big footprint in "
"patches.  (Note also that Mercurial does not currently try to infer when "
"files have been renamed or copied in a patch.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:659
msgid ""
"<command>patch</command> cannot represent empty files, so you cannot use a "
"patch to represent the notion <quote>I added this empty file to the tree</"
"quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:666
msgid "Beware the fuzz"
msgstr "当心毛刺"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:668
msgid ""
"While applying a hunk at an offset, or with a fuzz factor, will often be "
"completely successful, these inexact techniques naturally leave open the "
"possibility of corrupting the patched file.  The most common cases typically "
"involve applying a patch twice, or at an incorrect location in the file.  If "

"mentions an offset or fuzz factor, you should make sure that the modified "
"files are correct afterwards."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:678
msgid ""
"It's often a good idea to refresh a patch that has applied with an offset or "
"fuzz factor; refreshing the patch generates new context information that will "
"make it apply cleanly.  I say <quote>often,</quote> not <quote>always,</"
"quote> because sometimes refreshing a patch will make it fail to apply "

"a source tree, it's acceptable to have a patch apply with some fuzz, provided "
"you've verified the results of the patching process in such cases."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:691
msgid "Handling rejection"
msgstr "处理拒绝"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:693
msgid ""
"If <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> fails to apply a patch, it "
"will print an error message and exit.  If it has left <filename role=\"special"
"\">.rej</filename> files behind, it is usually best to fix up the rejected "
"hunks before you push more patches or do any further work."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:699
msgid ""
"If your patch <emphasis>used to</emphasis> apply cleanly, and no longer does "
"because you've changed the underlying code that your patches are based on, "
"Mercurial Queues can help; see section <xref linkend=\"sec.mq.merge\"/> for "
"details."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:705
msgid ""
"Unfortunately, there aren't any great techniques for dealing with rejected "
"hunks.  Most often, you'll need to view the <filename role=\"special\">.rej</"
"filename> file and edit the target file, applying the rejected hunks by hand."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:710
msgid ""
"If you're feeling adventurous, Neil Brown, a Linux kernel hacker, wrote a "
"tool called <command>wiggle</command> <citation>web:wiggle</citation>, which "
"is more vigorous than <command>patch</command> in its attempts to make a "
"patch apply."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:716
msgid ""
"Another Linux kernel hacker, Chris Mason (the author of Mercurial Queues), "
"wrote a similar tool called <command>mpatch</command> <citation>web:mpatch</"
"citation>, which takes a simple approach to automating the application of "
"hunks rejected by <command>patch</command>.  The <command>mpatch</command> "
"command can help with four common reasons that a hunk may be rejected:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:725
msgid "The context in the middle of a hunk has changed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:728
msgid "A hunk is missing some context at the beginning or end."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:731
msgid ""
"A large hunk might apply better&emdash;either entirely or in part&emdash;if "
"it was broken up into smaller hunks."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:735
msgid ""
"A hunk removes lines with slightly different content than those currently "
"present in the file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:739
msgid ""
"If you use <command>wiggle</command> or <command>mpatch</command>, you should "
"be doubly careful to check your results when you're done.  In fact, "
"<command>mpatch</command> enforces this method of double-checking the tool's "
"output, by automatically dropping you into a merge program when it has done "
"its job, so that you can verify its work and finish off any remaining merges."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:751
msgid "Getting the best performance out of MQ"
msgstr "MQ 的性能"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:753
msgid ""
"MQ is very efficient at handling a large number of patches.  I ran some "
"performance experiments in mid-2006 for a talk that I gave at the 2006 "
"EuroPython conference <citation>web:europython</citation>.  I used as my data "
"set the Linux 2.6.17-mm1 patch series, which consists of 1,738 patches.  I "
"applied these on top of a Linux kernel repository containing all 27,472 "
"revisions between Linux 2.6.12-rc2 and Linux 2.6.17."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:762
msgid ""
"On my old, slow laptop, I was able to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpush "
"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpush-opt\">hg -a</option></command> all 1,738 "
"patches in 3.5 minutes, and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpop <option role="
"\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpop-opt\">hg -a</option></command> them all in 30 seconds.  "

"could <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command> one of the biggest "
"patches (which made 22,779 lines of changes to 287 files) in 6.6 seconds."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:773
msgid ""
"Clearly, MQ is well suited to working in large trees, but there are a few "
"tricks you can use to get the best performance of it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:777
msgid ""
"First of all, try to <quote>batch</quote> operations together.  Every time "
"you run <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> or <command role=\"hg-ext-"
"mq\">qpop</command>, these commands scan the working directory once to make "
"sure you haven't made some changes and then forgotten to run <command role="

"takes is unnoticeable.  However, on a medium-sized tree (containing tens of "
"thousands of files), it can take a second or more."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:788
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> and <command role=\"hg-ext-mq"
"\">qpop</command> commands allow you to push and pop multiple patches at a "
"time.  You can identify the <quote>destination patch</quote> that you want to "
"end up at.  When you <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> with a "

"the applied stack.  When you <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command> to a "
"destination, MQ will pop patches until the destination patch is at the top."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:798
msgid ""
"You can identify a destination patch using either the name of the patch, or "
"by number.  If you use numeric addressing, patches are counted from zero; "
"this means that the first patch is zero, the second is one, and so on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:805
msgid "Updating your patches when the underlying code changes"
msgstr "当基础代码改变时，更新补丁的方法"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:808
msgid ""
"It's common to have a stack of patches on top of an underlying repository "
"that you don't modify directly.  If you're working on changes to third-party "
"code, or on a feature that is taking longer to develop than the rate of "
"change of the code beneath, you will often need to sync up with the "
"underlying code, and fix up any hunks in your patches that no longer apply.  "
"This is called <emphasis>rebasing</emphasis> your patch series."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:817
msgid ""
"The simplest way to do this is to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpop <option "
"role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpop-opt\">hg -a</option></command> your patches, then "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> changes into the underlying "
"repository, and finally <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpush <option role=\"hg-"

"\">qrefresh</command> the affected patch, and continue pushing until you have "
"fixed your entire stack."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:829
msgid ""
"This approach is easy to use and works well if you don't expect changes to "
"the underlying code to affect how well your patches apply. If your patch "
"stack touches code that is modified frequently or invasively in the "
"underlying repository, however, fixing up rejected hunks by hand quickly "
"becomes tiresome."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:836
msgid ""
"It's possible to partially automate the rebasing process.  If your patches "
"apply cleanly against some revision of the underlying repo, MQ can use this "
"information to help you to resolve conflicts between your patches and a "
"different revision."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:842
msgid "The process is a little involved."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:844
msgid ""
"To begin, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpush -a</command> all of your patches "
"on top of the revision where you know that they apply cleanly."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:848
msgid ""
"Save a backup copy of your patch directory using <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"qsave <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qsave-opt\">hg -e</option> <option role="
"\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qsave-opt\">hg -c</option></command>.  This prints the name "
"of the directory that it has saved the patches in.  It will save the patches "

"\"special\">series</filename> and <filename role=\"special\">status</"
"filename> files."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:862
msgid ""
"Use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> to bring new changes into the "
"underlying repository.  (Don't run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull -u</"
"command>; see below for why.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:867
msgid ""
"Update to the new tip revision, using <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-update\">-C</option></command> to override the patches "
"you have pushed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:872
msgid ""
"Merge all patches using \\hgcmdargs{qpush}{<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpush-"
"opt\">hg -m</option> <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpush-opt\">hg -a</"
"option>}.  The <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpush-opt\">hg -m</option> option "
"to <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> tells MQ to perform a three-"
"way merge if the patch fails to apply."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:882
msgid ""
"During the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpush <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-"
"qpush-opt\">hg -m</option></command>, each patch in the <filename role="
"\"special\">series</filename> file is applied normally.  If a patch applies "
"with fuzz or rejects, MQ looks at the queue you <command role=\"hg-ext-mq"

"changeset.  This merge uses Mercurial's normal merge machinery, so it may pop "
"up a GUI merge tool to help you to resolve problems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:892
msgid ""
"When you finish resolving the effects of a patch, MQ refreshes your patch "
"based on the result of the merge."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:895
msgid ""
"At the end of this process, your repository will have one extra head from the "
"old patch queue, and a copy of the old patch queue will be in <filename role="
"\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/patches.N</filename>. You can remove the "
"extra head using <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpop -a -n patches.N</command> "

"role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/patches.N</filename> once you are "
"sure that you no longer need it as a backup."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:907
msgid "Identifying patches"
msgstr "标识补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:909
msgid ""
"MQ commands that work with patches let you refer to a patch either by using "
"its name or by a number.  By name is obvious enough; pass the name "
"<filename>foo.patch</filename> to <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</"
"command>, for example, and it will push patches until <filename>foo.patch</"
"filename> is applied."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:916
msgid ""
"As a shortcut, you can refer to a patch using both a name and a numeric "
"offset; <literal>foo.patch-2</literal> means <quote>two patches before "
"<literal>foo.patch</literal></quote>, while <literal>bar.patch+4</literal> "
"means <quote>four patches after <literal>bar.patch</literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:922
msgid ""
"Referring to a patch by index isn't much different.  The first patch printed "
"in the output of <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qseries</command> is patch zero "
"(yes, it's one of those start-at-zero counting systems); the second is patch "
"one; and so on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:928
msgid ""
"MQ also makes it easy to work with patches when you are using normal "
"Mercurial commands.  Every command that accepts a changeset ID will also "
"accept the name of an applied patch.  MQ augments the tags normally in the "
"repository with an eponymous one for each applied patch.  In addition, the "

"literal>}<literal>qtip</literal> identify the <quote>bottom-most</quote> and "
"topmost applied patches, respectively."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:940
msgid ""
"These additions to Mercurial's normal tagging capabilities make dealing with "
"patches even more of a breeze."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:943
msgid "Want to patchbomb a mailing list with your latest series of changes?"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:947
msgid ""
"(Don't know what <quote>patchbombing</quote> is? See section <xref linkend="
"\"sec.hgext.patchbomb\"/>.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:950
msgid ""
"Need to see all of the patches since <literal>foo.patch</literal> that have "
"touched files in a subdirectory of your tree?"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting><emphasis>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:954
msgid "subdir"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:959
msgid ""
"Because MQ makes the names of patches available to the rest of Mercurial "
"through its normal internal tag machinery, you don't need to type in the "
"entire name of a patch when you want to identify it by name."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:964
msgid ""
"Another nice consequence of representing patch names as tags is that when you "
"run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> command, it will display a "
"patch's name as a tag, simply as part of its normal output.  This makes it "
"easy to visually distinguish applied patches from underlying <quote>normal</"
"quote> revisions.  The following example shows a few normal Mercurial "
"commands in use with applied patches."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:977
msgid "Useful things to know about"
msgstr "其它需要了解的东西"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:979
msgid ""
"There are a number of aspects of MQ usage that don't fit tidily into sections "
"of their own, but that are good to know.  Here they are, in one place."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:984
msgid ""
"Normally, when you <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command> a patch and "
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> it again, the changeset that "
"represents the patch after the pop/push will have a <emphasis>different "
"identity</emphasis> than the changeset that represented the hash beforehand.  "
"See section <xref linkend=\"sec.mqref.cmd.qpush\"/> for information as to why "
"this is."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:993
msgid ""
"It's not a good idea to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</command> changes "
"from another branch with a patch changeset, at least if you want to maintain "
"the <quote>patchiness</quote> of that changeset and changesets below it on "
"the patch stack.  If you try to do this, it will appear to succeed, but MQ "
"will become confused."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1004
msgid "Managing patches in a repository"
msgstr "在版本库管理补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1006
msgid ""
"Because MQ's <filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/patches</"
"filename> directory resides outside a Mercurial repository's working "
"directory, the <quote>underlying</quote> Mercurial repository knows nothing "
"about the management or presence of patches."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1012
msgid ""
"This presents the interesting possibility of managing the contents of the "
"patch directory as a Mercurial repository in its own right.  This can be a "
"useful way to work.  For example, you can work on a patch for a while, "
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command> it, then <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg commit</command> the current state of the patch.  This lets you "
"<quote>roll back</quote> to that version of the patch later on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1021
msgid ""
"You can then share different versions of the same patch stack among multiple "
"underlying repositories.  I use this when I am developing a Linux kernel "
"feature.  I have a pristine copy of my kernel sources for each of several CPU "
"architectures, and a cloned repository under each that contains the patches I "

"push my current patches to the patch repository associated with that kernel "
"tree, pop and push all of my patches, and build and test that kernel."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1031
msgid ""
"Managing patches in a repository makes it possible for multiple developers to "
"work on the same patch series without colliding with each other, all on top "
"of an underlying source base that they may or may not control."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1037
msgid "MQ support for patch repositories"
msgstr "MQ 支持补丁版本库"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1039
msgid ""
"MQ helps you to work with the <filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">."
"hg/patches</filename> directory as a repository; when you prepare a "
"repository for working with patches using <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qinit</"
"command>, you can pass the <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qinit-opt\">hg -c</"
"option> option to create the <filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">."
"hg/patches</filename> directory as a Mercurial repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1049
msgid ""
"If you forget to use the <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qinit-opt\">hg -c</"
"option> option, you can simply go into the <filename role=\"special\" class="
"\"directory\">.hg/patches</filename> directory at any time and run <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg init</command>.  Don't forget to add an entry for the "
"<filename role=\"special\">status</filename> file to the <filename role="
"\"special\">.hgignore</filename> file, though"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1058
msgid ""
"(<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qinit <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qinit-opt"
"\">hg -c</option></command> does this for you automatically); you "
"<emphasis>really</emphasis> don't want to manage the <filename role=\"special"
"\">status</filename> file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1065
msgid ""
"As a convenience, if MQ notices that the <filename class=\"directory\">.hg/"
"patches</filename> directory is a repository, it will automatically <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command> every patch that you create and import."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1070
msgid ""
"MQ provides a shortcut command, <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qcommit</"
"command>, that runs <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> in the "
"<filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/patches</filename> "
"directory.  This saves some bothersome typing."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1076
msgid ""
"Finally, as a convenience to manage the patch directory, you can define the "
"alias <command>mq</command> on Unix systems. For example, on Linux systems "
"using the <command>bash</command> shell, you can include the following "
"snippet in your <filename role=\"home\">~/.bashrc</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1086
msgid ""
"You can then issue commands of the form <command>mq pull</command> from the "
"main repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1091
msgid "A few things to watch out for"
msgstr "需要注意的事情"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1093
msgid ""
"MQ's support for working with a repository full of patches is limited in a "
"few small respects."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1096
msgid ""
"MQ cannot automatically detect changes that you make to the patch directory.  "
"If you <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command>, manually edit, or <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> changes to patches or the <filename role="
"\"special\">series</filename> file, you will have to <command role=\"hg-cmd"

"changes show up there.  If you forget to do this, you can confuse MQ's idea "
"of which patches are applied."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1112
msgid "Third party tools for working with patches"
msgstr "操作补丁的第三方工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1114
msgid ""
"Once you've been working with patches for a while, you'll find yourself "
"hungry for tools that will help you to understand and manipulate the patches "
"you're dealing with."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1118
msgid ""
"The <command>diffstat</command> command <citation>web:diffstat</citation> "
"generates a histogram of the modifications made to each file in a patch.  It "
"provides a good way to <quote>get a sense of</quote> a patch&emdash;which "
"files it affects, and how much change it introduces to each file and as a "

"as otherwise it will try to do clever things with prefixes of file names that "
"inevitably confuse at least me.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1132
msgid ""
"The <literal role=\"package\">patchutils</literal> package <citation>web:"
"patchutils</citation> is invaluable. It provides a set of small utilities "
"that follow the <quote>Unix philosophy;</quote> each does one useful thing "
"with a patch.  The <literal role=\"package\">patchutils</literal> command I "

"match a particular glob pattern.  See section <xref linkend=\"mq-collab.tips."
"interdiff\"/> for another example."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1148
msgid "Good ways to work with patches"
msgstr "操作补丁的好习惯"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1150
msgid ""
"Whether you are working on a patch series to submit to a free software or "
"open source project, or a series that you intend to treat as a sequence of "
"regular changesets when you're done, you can use some simple techniques to "
"keep your work well organised."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1156
msgid ""
"Give your patches descriptive names.  A good name for a patch might be "
"<filename>rework-device-alloc.patch</filename>, because it will immediately "
"give you a hint what the purpose of the patch is.  Long names shouldn't be a "
"problem; you won't be typing the names often, but you <emphasis>will</"

"with, or if you are juggling a number of different tasks and your patches "
"only get a fraction of your attention."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1168
msgid ""
"Be aware of what patch you're working on.  Use the <command role=\"hg-ext-mq"
"\">qtop</command> command and skim over the text of your patches "
"frequently&emdash;for example, using <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tip <option "
"role=\"hg-opt-tip\">-p</option></command>)&emdash;to be sure of where you "

"tricky to migrate changes into the right patch after making them in the wrong "
"one."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1178
msgid ""
"For this reason, it is very much worth investing a little time to learn how "
"to use some of the third-party tools I described in section <xref linkend="
"\"sec.mq.tools\"/>, particularly <command>diffstat</command> and "
"<command>filterdiff</command>.  The former will give you a quick idea of what "
"changes your patch is making, while the latter makes it easy to splice hunks "
"selectively out of one patch and into another."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1189
msgid "MQ cookbook"
msgstr "MQ 手册"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1192
msgid "Manage <quote>trivial</quote> patches"
msgstr "管理<quote>琐碎的</quote>补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1194
msgid ""
"Because the overhead of dropping files into a new Mercurial repository is so "
"low, it makes a lot of sense to manage patches this way even if you simply "
"want to make a few changes to a source tarball that you downloaded."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1199
msgid ""
"Begin by downloading and unpacking the source tarball, and turning it into a "
"Mercurial repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1204
msgid "Continue by creating a patch stack and making your changes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1209
msgid ""
"Let's say a few weeks or months pass, and your package author releases a new "
"version.  First, bring their changes into the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1215
msgid ""
"The pipeline starting with <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg locate</command> above "
"deletes all files in the working directory, so that <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg commit</command>'s <option role=\"hg-opt-commit\">--addremove</option> "
"option can actually tell which files have really been removed in the newer "
"version of the source."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1223
msgid "Finally, you can apply your patches on top of the new tree."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1230
msgid "Combining entire patches"
msgstr "组合全部的补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1232
msgid ""
"MQ provides a command, <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qfold</command> that lets "
"you combine entire patches.  This <quote>folds</quote> the patches you name, "
"in the order you name them, into the topmost applied patch, and concatenates "
"their descriptions onto the end of its description.  The patches that you "
"fold must be unapplied before you fold them."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1240
msgid ""
"The order in which you fold patches matters.  If your topmost applied patch "
"is <literal>foo</literal>, and you <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qfold</"
"command> <literal>bar</literal> and <literal>quux</literal> into it, you will "
"end up with a patch that has the same effect as if you applied first "
"<literal>foo</literal>, then <literal>bar</literal>, followed by "
"<literal>quux</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1251
msgid "Merging part of one patch into another"
msgstr "合并补丁的部分内容到其它补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1253
msgid ""
"Merging <emphasis>part</emphasis> of one patch into another is more difficult "
"than combining entire patches."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1257
msgid ""
"If you want to move changes to entire files, you can use <command>filterdiff</"
"command>'s <option role=\"cmd-opt-filterdiff\">-i</option> and <option role="
"\"cmd-opt-filterdiff\">-x</option> options to choose the modifications to "
"snip out of one patch, concatenating its output onto the end of the patch you "

"the other patch), and you can simply <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</"
"command> the patch to drop the duplicate hunks."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1270
msgid ""
"If you have a patch that has multiple hunks modifying a file, and you only "
"want to move a few of those hunks, the job becomes more messy, but you can "
"still partly automate it.  Use <command>lsdiff -nvv</command> to print some "
"metadata about the patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1278
msgid "This command prints three different kinds of number:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1281
msgid ""
"(in the first column) a <emphasis>file number</emphasis> to identify each "
"file modified in the patch;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1285
msgid ""
"(on the next line, indented) the line number within a modified file where a "
"hunk starts; and"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1288
msgid ""
"(on the same line) a <emphasis>hunk number</emphasis> to identify that hunk."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1292
msgid ""
"You'll have to use some visual inspection, and reading of the patch, to "
"identify the file and hunk numbers you'll want, but you can then pass them to "
"to <command>filterdiff</command>'s <option role=\"cmd-opt-filterdiff\">--"
"files</option> and <option role=\"cmd-opt-filterdiff\">--hunks</option> "
"options, to select exactly the file and hunk you want to extract."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1300
msgid ""
"Once you have this hunk, you can concatenate it onto the end of your "
"destination patch and continue with the remainder of section <xref linkend="
"\"sec.mq.combine\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1307
msgid "Differences between quilt and MQ"
msgstr "MQ 与 quilt 的区别"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1309
msgid ""
"If you are already familiar with quilt, MQ provides a similar command set.  "
"There are a few differences in the way that it works."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1313
msgid ""
"You will already have noticed that most quilt commands have MQ counterparts "
"that simply begin with a <quote><literal>q</literal></quote>.  The exceptions "
"are quilt's <literal>add</literal> and <literal>remove</literal> commands, "
"the counterparts for which are the normal Mercurial <command role=\"hg-cmd"

"\">extensions</literal> section of your <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</"
"filename>."
msgstr ""

#
#. 	&example.hg-interdiff;
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:465
msgid ""
"The <command>interdiff</command> command expects to be passed the names of "
"two files, but the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">extdiff</literal> extension "

740:8b73656f95c9

# ...
#
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: hgbook 1.2\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-03-17 10:44+0800\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-03-16 18:32+0800\n"
"Last-Translator: \n"
"Language-Team: Simplified Chinese <[e-mail] >\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"

msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:253
msgid ""
"Figure <xref endterm=\"fig.tour-basic.history.caption\" linkend=\"fig.tour-"
"basic.history\"/> provides a graphical representation of the history of the "
"<filename class=\"directory\">hello</filename> repository, to make it a "
"little easier to see which direction history is <quote>flowing</quote> in.  "
"We'll be returning to this figure several times in this chapter and the "
"chapter that follows."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:264
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/tour-history.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:265 ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:48
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:78 ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:126
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:182 ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:254
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:56 ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:108
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:194 ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:301
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:353 ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:370
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:414 ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:436
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:480 ../en/ch06-collab.xml:277
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:366 ../en/ch09-undo.xml:417 ../en/ch09-undo.xml:485
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:527 ../en/ch12-mq.xml:409
msgid "XXX add text"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:266
msgid ""
"Graphical history of the <filename class=\"directory\">hello</filename> "
"repository"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:273
msgid "Changesets, revisions, and talking to other people"
msgstr "改变集，版本，与其它用户交互"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:276
msgid ""
"As English is a notoriously sloppy language, and computer science has a "
"hallowed history of terminological confusion (why use one term when four will "
"do?), revision control has a variety of words and phrases that mean the same "
"thing.  If you are talking about Mercurial history with other people, you "

"<quote>change</quote> or (when written)  <quote>cset</quote>, and sometimes a "
"changeset is referred to as a <quote>revision</quote> or a <quote>rev</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:286
msgid ""
"While it doesn't matter what <emphasis>word</emphasis> you use to refer to "
"the concept of <quote>a changeset</quote>, the <emphasis>identifier</"
"emphasis> that you use to refer to <quote>a <emphasis>specific</emphasis> "
"changeset</quote> is of great importance. Recall that the <literal>changeset</"
"literal> field in the output from <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> "
"identifies a changeset using both a number and a hexadecimal string."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:295
msgid ""
"The revision number is <emphasis>only valid in that repository</emphasis>,"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:297
msgid ""
"while the hex string is the <emphasis>permanent, unchanging identifier</"
"emphasis> that will always identify that exact changeset in <emphasis>every</"
"emphasis> copy of the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:302
msgid ""
"This distinction is important.  If you send someone an email talking about "
"<quote>revision 33</quote>, there's a high likelihood that their revision 33 "
"will <emphasis>not be the same</emphasis> as yours.  The reason for this is "
"that a revision number depends on the order in which changes arrived in a "

"the same order in different repositories. Three changes $a,b,c$ can easily "
"appear in one repository as $0,1,2$, while in another as $1,0,2$."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:312
msgid ""
"Mercurial uses revision numbers purely as a convenient shorthand.  If you "
"need to discuss a changeset with someone, or make a record of a changeset for "
"some other reason (for example, in a bug report), use the hexadecimal "
"identifier."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:320
msgid "Viewing specific revisions"
msgstr "察看指定版本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:322
msgid ""
"To narrow the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> down to a "
"single revision, use the <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">-r</option> (or <option "
"role=\"hg-opt-log\">--rev</option>) option.  You can use either a revision "
"number or a long-form changeset identifier, and you can provide as many "
"revisions as you want."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:331
msgid ""
"If you want to see the history of several revisions without having to list "
"each one, you can use <emphasis>range notation</emphasis>; this lets you "
"express the idea <quote>I want all revisions between <literal>abc</literal> "
"and <literal>def</literal>, inclusive</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:339
msgid ""
"Mercurial also honours the order in which you specify revisions, so <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log -r 2:4</command> prints 2, 3, and 4. while <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log -r 4:2</command> prints 4, 3, and 2."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:346
msgid "More detailed information"
msgstr "更详细的信息"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:348
msgid ""
"While the summary information printed by <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</"
"command> is useful if you already know what you're looking for, you may need "
"to see a complete description of the change, or a list of the files changed, "
"if you're trying to decide whether a changeset is the one you're looking for. "

"global\">-v</option> (or <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">--verbose</option>) "
"option gives you this extra detail."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:360
msgid ""
"If you want to see both the description and content of a change, add the "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-log\">-p</option> (or <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">--"
"patch</option>) option.  This displays the content of a change as a "
"<emphasis>unified diff</emphasis> (if you've never seen a unified diff "
"before, see section <xref linkend=\"sec.mq.patch\"/> for an overview)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:373
msgid "All about command options"
msgstr "命令选项"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:375
msgid ""
"Let's take a brief break from exploring Mercurial commands to discuss a "
"pattern in the way that they work; you may find this useful to keep in mind "
"as we continue our tour."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:379
msgid ""
"Mercurial has a consistent and straightforward approach to dealing with the "
"options that you can pass to commands.  It follows the conventions for "
"options that are common to modern Linux and Unix systems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:384
msgid ""
"Every option has a long name.  For example, as we've already seen, the "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> command accepts a <option role=\"hg-"
"opt-log\">--rev</option> option."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:388
msgid ""
"Most options have short names, too.  Instead of <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">--"
"rev</option>, we can use <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">-r</option>.  (The "
"reason that some options don't have short names is that the options in "
"question are rarely used.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:393
msgid ""
"Long options start with two dashes (e.g. <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">--rev</"
"option>), while short options start with one (e.g. <option role=\"hg-opt-log"
"\">-r</option>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:397
msgid ""
"Option naming and usage is consistent across commands.  For example, every "
"command that lets you specify a changeset ID or revision number accepts both "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-log\">-r</option> and <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">--"
"rev</option> arguments."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:403
msgid ""
"In the examples throughout this book, I use short options instead of long.  "
"This just reflects my own preference, so don't read anything significant into "
"it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:407
msgid ""
"Most commands that print output of some kind will print more output when "
"passed a <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-v</option> (or <option role=\"hg-opt-"
"global\">--verbose</option>) option, and less when passed <option role=\"hg-"
"opt-global\">-q</option> (or <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">--quiet</option>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:415
msgid "Making and reviewing changes"
msgstr "创建和复审修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:417
msgid ""
"Now that we have a grasp of viewing history in Mercurial, let's take a look "
"at making some changes and examining them."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:421
msgid ""
"The first thing we'll do is isolate our experiment in a repository of its "
"own.  We use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg clone</command> command, but we "
"don't need to clone a copy of the remote repository.  Since we already have a "
"copy of it locally, we can just clone that instead.  This is much faster than "
"cloning over the network, and cloning a local repository uses less disk space "
"in most cases, too."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:431
msgid ""
"As an aside, it's often good practice to keep a <quote>pristine</quote> copy "
"of a remote repository around, which you can then make temporary clones of to "
"create sandboxes for each task you want to work on.  This lets you work on "
"multiple tasks in parallel, each isolated from the others until it's complete "

"there's almost no overhead to cloning and destroying repositories whenever "
"you want."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:440
msgid ""
"In our <filename class=\"directory\">my-hello</filename> repository, we have "
"a file <filename>hello.c</filename> that contains the classic <quote>hello, "
"world</quote> program. Let's use the ancient and venerable <command>sed</"
"command> command to edit this file so that it prints a second line of "

"constraint, you probably won't want to use <command>sed</command>; simply use "
"your preferred text editor to do the same thing.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:453
msgid ""
"Mercurial's <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> command will tell us "
"what Mercurial knows about the files in the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:459
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> command prints no output for "
"some files, but a line starting with <quote><literal>M</literal></quote> for "
"<filename>hello.c</filename>.  Unless you tell it to, <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg status</command> will not print any output for files that have not been "
"modified."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:466
msgid ""
"The <quote><literal>M</literal></quote> indicates that Mercurial has noticed "
"that we modified <filename>hello.c</filename>.  We didn't need to "
"<emphasis>inform</emphasis> Mercurial that we were going to modify the file "
"before we started, or that we had modified the file after we were done; it "
"was able to figure this out itself."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:474
msgid ""
"It's a little bit helpful to know that we've modified <filename>hello.c</"
"filename>, but we might prefer to know exactly <emphasis>what</emphasis> "
"changes we've made to it.  To do this, we use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"diff</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:484
msgid "Recording changes in a new changeset"
msgstr "在新修改集中记录修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:486
msgid ""
"We can modify files, build and test our changes, and use <command role=\"hg-"
"cmd\">hg status</command> and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> to "
"review our changes, until we're satisfied with what we've done and arrive at "
"a natural stopping point where we want to record our work in a new changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:493
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> command lets us create a new "
"changeset; we'll usually refer to this as <quote>making a commit</quote> or "
"<quote>committing</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:499
msgid "Setting up a username"
msgstr "配置用户名称"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:501
msgid ""
"When you try to run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> for the "
"first time, it is not guaranteed to succeed.  Mercurial records your name and "
"address with each change that you commit, so that you and others will later "
"be able to tell who made each change.  Mercurial tries to automatically "
"figure out a sensible username to commit the change with.  It will attempt "
"each of the following methods, in order:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:510
msgid ""
"If you specify a <option role=\"hg-opt-commit\">-u</option> option to the "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> command on the command line, "
"followed by a username, this is always given the highest precedence."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:515
msgid ""
"If you have set the <envar>HGUSER</envar> environment variable, this is "
"checked next."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:518
msgid ""
"If you create a file in your home directory called <filename role=\"special"
"\">.hgrc</filename>, with a <envar role=\"rc-item-ui\">username</envar> "
"entry, that will be used next.  To see what the contents of this file should "
"look like, refer to section <xref linkend=\"sec.tour-basic.username\"/> below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:525
msgid ""
"If you have set the <envar>EMAIL</envar> environment variable, this will be "
"used next."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:528
msgid ""
"Mercurial will query your system to find out your local user name and host "
"name, and construct a username from these components. Since this often "
"results in a username that is not very useful, it will print a warning if it "
"has to do this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:535
msgid ""
"If all of these mechanisms fail, Mercurial will fail, printing an error "
"message.  In this case, it will not let you commit until you set up a "
"username."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:539
msgid ""
"You should think of the <envar>HGUSER</envar> environment variable and the "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-commit\">-u</option> option to the <command role=\"hg-"
"cmd\">hg commit</command> command as ways to <emphasis>override</emphasis> "
"Mercurial's default selection of username.  For normal use, the simplest and "
"most robust way to set a username for yourself is by creating a <filename "
"role=\"special\">.hgrc</filename> file; see below for details."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:548
msgid "Creating a Mercurial configuration file"
msgstr "创建 Mercurial 的配置文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:550
msgid ""
"To set a user name, use your favourite editor to create a file called "
"<filename role=\"special\">.hgrc</filename> in your home directory.  "
"Mercurial will use this file to look up your personalised configuration "
"settings.  The initial contents of your <filename role=\"special\">.hgrc</"
"filename> should look like this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:561
msgid ""
"The <quote><literal>[ui]</literal></quote> line begins a <emphasis>section</"
"emphasis> of the config file, so you can read the <quote><literal>username "
"= ...</literal></quote> line as meaning <quote>set the value of the "
"<literal>username</literal> item in the <literal>ui</literal> section</"

"file.  Mercurial ignores empty lines and treats any text from "
"<quote><literal>#</literal></quote> to the end of a line as a comment."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:574
msgid "Choosing a user name"
msgstr "选择用户名称"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:576
msgid ""
"You can use any text you like as the value of the <literal>username</literal> "
"config item, since this information is for reading by other people, but for "
"interpreting by Mercurial.  The convention that most people follow is to use "
"their name and email address, as in the example above."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><note><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:583
msgid ""
"Mercurial's built-in web server obfuscates email addresses, to make it more "
"difficult for the email harvesting tools that spammers use. This reduces the "
"likelihood that you'll start receiving more junk email if you publish a "
"Mercurial repository on the web."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:593
msgid "Writing a commit message"
msgstr "写提交日志"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:595
msgid ""
"When we commit a change, Mercurial drops us into a text editor, to enter a "
"message that will describe the modifications we've made in this changeset.  "
"This is called the <emphasis>commit message</emphasis>.  It will be a record "
"for readers of what we did and why, and it will be printed by <command role="
"\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> after we've finished committing."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:605
msgid ""
"The editor that the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> command "
"drops us into will contain an empty line, followed by a number of lines "
"starting with <quote><literal>HG:</literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:612
msgid ""
"Mercurial ignores the lines that start with <quote><literal>HG:</literal></"
"quote>; it uses them only to tell us which files it's recording changes to.  "
"Modifying or deleting these lines has no effect."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:618
msgid "Writing a good commit message"
msgstr "写好提交日志"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:620
msgid ""
"Since <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> only prints the first line of "
"a commit message by default, it's best to write a commit message whose first "
"line stands alone.  Here's a real example of a commit message that "
"<emphasis>doesn't</emphasis> follow this guideline, and hence has a summary "
"that is not readable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:634
msgid ""
"As far as the remainder of the contents of the commit message are concerned, "
"there are no hard-and-fast rules.  Mercurial itself doesn't interpret or care "
"about the contents of the commit message, though your project may have "
"policies that dictate a certain kind of formatting."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:640
msgid ""
"My personal preference is for short, but informative, commit messages that "
"tell me something that I can't figure out with a quick glance at the output "
"of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log --patch</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:647
msgid "Aborting a commit"
msgstr "终止提交"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:649
msgid ""
"If you decide that you don't want to commit while in the middle of editing a "
"commit message, simply exit from your editor without saving the file that "
"it's editing.  This will cause nothing to happen to either the repository or "
"the working directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:654
msgid ""
"If we run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> command without "
"any arguments, it records all of the changes we've made, as reported by "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"diff</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:661
msgid "Admiring our new handiwork"
msgstr "欣赏我们的新手艺"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:663
msgid ""
"Once we've finished the commit, we can use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"tip</command> command to display the changeset we just created.  This command "
"produces output that is identical to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</"
"command>, but it only displays the newest revision in the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:672
msgid ""
"We refer to the newest revision in the repository as the tip revision, or "
"simply the tip."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:679
msgid "Sharing changes"
msgstr "共享修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:681
msgid ""
"We mentioned earlier that repositories in Mercurial are self-contained.  This "
"means that the changeset we just created exists only in our <filename class="
"\"directory\">my-hello</filename> repository.  Let's look at a few ways that "
"we can propagate this change into other repositories."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:689
msgid "Pulling changes from another repository"
msgstr "从其它版本库取得修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:690
msgid ""
"To get started, let's clone our original <filename class=\"directory\">hello</"
"filename> repository, which does not contain the change we just committed.  "
"We'll call our temporary repository <filename class=\"directory\">hello-pull</"
"filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:698
msgid ""
"We'll use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> command to bring "
"changes from <filename class=\"directory\">my-hello</filename> into <filename "
"class=\"directory\">hello-pull</filename>.  However, blindly pulling unknown "
"changes into a repository is a somewhat scary prospect.  Mercurial provides "

"<emphasis>would</emphasis> pull into the repository, without actually pulling "
"the changes in."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:711
msgid ""
"(Of course, someone could cause more changesets to appear in the repository "
"that we ran <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg incoming</command> in, before we get "
"a chance to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> the changes, so that "
"we could end up pulling changes that we didn't expect.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:718
msgid ""
"Bringing changes into a repository is a simple matter of running the <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> command, and telling it which repository to "
"pull from."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:725
msgid ""
"As you can see from the before-and-after output of <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg tip</command>, we have successfully pulled changes into our "
"repository.  There remains one step before we can see these changes in the "
"working directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:733
msgid "Updating the working directory"
msgstr "更新工作目录"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:735
msgid ""
"We have so far glossed over the relationship between a repository and its "
"working directory.  The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> command "
"that we ran in section <xref linkend=\"sec.tour.pull\"/> brought changes into "
"the repository, but if we check, there's no sign of those changes in the "

"command> does not (by default) touch the working directory.  Instead, we use "
"the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> command to do this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:747
msgid ""
"It might seem a bit strange that <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> "
"doesn't update the working directory automatically.  There's actually a good "
"reason for this: you can use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> to "
"update the working directory to the state it was in at <emphasis>any "

"automatically updated the working directory to a new revision, you might not "
"be terribly happy."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:758
msgid ""
"However, since pull-then-update is such a common thing to do, Mercurial lets "
"you combine the two by passing the <option role=\"hg-opt-pull\">-u</option> "
"option to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:763
msgid ""
"If you look back at the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> "
"in section <xref linkend=\"sec.tour.pull\"/> when we ran it without <option "
"role=\"hg-opt-pull\">-u</option>, you can see that it printed a helpful "
"reminder that we'd have to take an explicit step to update the working "
"directory:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:772
msgid ""
"To find out what revision the working directory is at, use the <command role="
"\"hg-cmd\">hg parents</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:778
msgid ""
"If you look back at figure <xref endterm=\"fig.tour-basic.history.caption\" "
"linkend=\"fig.tour-basic.history\"/>, you'll see arrows connecting each "
"changeset.  The node that the arrow leads <emphasis>from</emphasis> in each "
"case is a parent, and the node that the arrow leads <emphasis>to</emphasis> "
"is its child.  The working directory has a parent in just the same way; this "
"is the changeset that the working directory currently contains."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:788
msgid ""
"To update the working directory to a particular revision, give a revision "
"number or changeset ID to the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> "
"command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:795
msgid ""
"If you omit an explicit revision, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</"
"command> will update to the tip revision, as shown by the second call to "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> in the example above."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:803
msgid "Pushing changes to another repository"
msgstr "发布修改到其它版本库"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:805
msgid ""
"Mercurial lets us push changes to another repository, from the repository "
"we're currently visiting.  As with the example of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"pull</command> above, we'll create a temporary repository to push our changes "
"into."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:813
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg outgoing</command> command tells us what "
"changes would be pushed into another repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:819
msgid ""
"And the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg push</command> command does the actual "
"push."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:825
msgid ""
"As with <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command>, the <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg push</command> command does not update the working directory in the "
"repository that it's pushing changes into. (Unlike <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg pull</command>, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg push</command> does not "
"provide a <literal>-u</literal> option that updates the other repository's "
"working directory.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:834
msgid ""
"What happens if we try to pull or push changes and the receiving repository "
"already has those changes? Nothing too exciting."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:841
msgid "Sharing changes over a network"
msgstr "通过网络共享修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:843
msgid ""
"The commands we have covered in the previous few sections are not limited to "
"working with local repositories.  Each works in exactly the same fashion over "
"a network connection; simply pass in a URL instead of a local path."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:851
msgid ""
"In this example, we can see what changes we could push to the remote "
"repository, but the repository is understandably not set up to let anonymous "
"users push to it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:37
msgid ""
"We should now have two copies of <filename>hello.c</filename> with different "
"contents.  The histories of the two repositories have also diverged, as "
"illustrated in figure <xref endterm=\"fig.tour-merge.sep-repos.caption\" "
"linkend=\"fig.tour-merge.sep-repos\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:47
msgid ""

"filename> and <filename class=\"directory\">my-new-hello</filename> "
"repositories"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:57
msgid ""
"We already know that pulling changes from our <filename class=\"directory"
"\">my-hello</filename> repository will have no effect on the working "
"directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:63
msgid ""
"However, the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> command says "
"something about <quote>heads</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:67
msgid "Head changesets"
msgstr "顶点改变集"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:69
msgid ""
"A head is a change that has no descendants, or children, as they're also "
"known.  The tip revision is thus a head, because the newest revision in a "
"repository doesn't have any children, but a repository can contain more than "
"one head."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:77
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/tour-merge-pull.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:79
msgid ""
"Repository contents after pulling from <filename class=\"directory\">my-"
"hello</filename> into <filename class=\"directory\">my-new-hello</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:85
msgid ""
"In figure <xref endterm=\"fig.tour-merge.pull.caption\" linkend=\"fig.tour-"
"merge.pull\"/>, you can see the effect of the pull from <filename class="
"\"directory\">my-hello</filename> into <filename class=\"directory\">my-new-"
"hello</filename>.  The history that was already present in <filename class="
"\"directory\">my-new-hello</filename> is untouched, but a new revision has "
"been added.  By referring to figure <xref endterm=\"fig.tour-merge.sep-repos."
"caption\" linkend=\"fig.tour-merge.sep-repos\"/>, we can see that the "
"<emphasis>changeset ID</emphasis> remains the same in the new repository, but "
"the <emphasis>revision number</emphasis> has changed.  (This, incidentally, "
"is a fine example of why it's not safe to use revision numbers when "
"discussing changesets.)  We can view the heads in a repository using the "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg heads</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:106
msgid "Performing the merge"
msgstr "执行合并"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:108
msgid ""
"What happens if we try to use the normal <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</"
"command> command to update to the new tip?"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:114
msgid ""
"Mercurial is telling us that the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> "
"command won't do a merge; it won't update the working directory when it "
"thinks we might be wanting to do a merge, unless we force it to do so.  "
"Instead, we use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</command> command to "
"merge the two heads."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:125
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/tour-merge-merge.png\"/></"
"imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:127
msgid "Working directory and repository during merge, and following commit"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:132
msgid ""
"This updates the working directory so that it contains changes from "
"<emphasis>both</emphasis> heads, which is reflected in both the output of "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg parents</command> and the contents of "
"<filename>hello.c</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:142
msgid "Committing the results of the merge"
msgstr "提交合并结果"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:144
msgid ""
"Whenever we've done a merge, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg parents</command> "
"will display two parents until we <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</"
"command> the results of the merge."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:151
msgid ""
"We now have a new tip revision; notice that it has <emphasis>both</emphasis> "
"of our former heads as its parents.  These are the same revisions that were "
"previously displayed by <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg parents</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:158
msgid ""
"In figure <xref endterm=\"fig.tour-merge.merge.caption\" linkend=\"fig.tour-"
"merge.merge\"/>, you can see a representation of what happens to the working "
"directory during the merge, and how this affects the repository when the "
"commit happens.  During the merge, the working directory has two parent "
"changesets, and these become the parents of the new changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:169
msgid "Merging conflicting changes"
msgstr "合并有冲突的改变"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:171
msgid ""
"Most merges are simple affairs, but sometimes you'll find yourself merging "
"changes where each modifies the same portions of the same files.  Unless both "
"modifications are identical, this results in a <emphasis>conflict</emphasis>, "
"where you have to decide how to reconcile the different changes into "

msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:180
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/tour-merge-conflict.png\"/> </"
"imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:183
msgid "Conflicting changes to a document"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:188
msgid ""
"Figure <xref endterm=\"fig.tour-merge.conflict.caption\" linkend=\"fig.tour-"
"merge.conflict\"/> illustrates an instance of two conflicting changes to a "
"document.  We started with a single version of the file; then we made some "
"changes; while someone else made different changes to the same text.  Our "
"task in resolving the conflicting changes is to decide what the file should "
"look like."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:196
msgid ""
"Mercurial doesn't have a built-in facility for handling conflicts. Instead, "
"it runs an external program called <command>hgmerge</command>.  This is a "
"shell script that is bundled with Mercurial; you can change it to behave "
"however you please.  What it does by default is try to find one of several "

"(because the resolution process requires human guidance) or aren't present, "
"the script tries a few different graphical merging tools."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:207
msgid ""
"It's also possible to get Mercurial to run another program or script instead "
"of <command>hgmerge</command>, by setting the <envar>HGMERGE</envar> "
"environment variable to the name of your preferred program."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:213
msgid "Using a graphical merge tool"
msgstr "使用图形合并工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:215
msgid ""
"My preferred graphical merge tool is <command>kdiff3</command>, which I'll "
"use to describe the features that are common to graphical file merging "
"tools.  You can see a screenshot of <command>kdiff3</command> in action in "
"figure <xref endterm=\"fig.tour-merge.kdiff3.caption\" linkend=\"fig.tour-"
"merge.kdiff3\"/>.  The kind of merge it is performing is called a "
"<emphasis>three-way merge</emphasis>, because there are three different "
"versions of the file of interest to us.  The tool thus splits the upper "
"portion of the window into three panes:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:226
msgid ""
"At the left is the <emphasis>base</emphasis> version of the file, i.e. the "
"most recent version from which the two versions we're trying to merge are "
"descended."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:231
msgid ""
"In the middle is <quote>our</quote> version of the file, with the contents "
"that we modified."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:234
msgid ""
"On the right is <quote>their</quote> version of the file, the one that from "
"the changeset that we're trying to merge with."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:238
msgid ""
"In the pane below these is the current <emphasis>result</emphasis> of the "
"merge. Our task is to replace all of the red text, which indicates unresolved "
"conflicts, with some sensible merger of the <quote>ours</quote> and "
"<quote>theirs</quote> versions of the file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:245
msgid ""
"All four of these panes are <emphasis>locked together</emphasis>; if we "
"scroll vertically or horizontally in any of them, the others are updated to "
"display the corresponding sections of their respective files."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:252
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata width=\"100%\" fileref=\"images/kdiff3.png\"/> </"
"imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:255
msgid "Using <command>kdiff3</command> to merge versions of a file"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:261
msgid ""
"For each conflicting portion of the file, we can choose to resolve the "
"conflict using some combination of text from the base version, ours, or "
"theirs.  We can also manually edit the merged file at any time, in case we "
"need to make further modifications."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:267
msgid ""
"There are <emphasis>many</emphasis> file merging tools available, too many to "
"cover here.  They vary in which platforms they are available for, and in "
"their particular strengths and weaknesses.  Most are tuned for merging files "
"containing plain text, while a few are aimed at specialised file formats "
"(generally XML)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:276
msgid "A worked example"
msgstr "合并实例"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:278
msgid ""
"In this example, we will reproduce the file modification history of figure "
"<xref endterm=\"fig.tour-merge.conflict.caption\" linkend=\"fig.tour-merge."
"conflict\"/> above.  Let's begin by creating a repository with a base version "
"of our document."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:286
msgid "We'll clone the repository and make a change to the file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:291
msgid ""
"And another clone, to simulate someone else making a change to the file. "
"(This hints at the idea that it's not all that unusual to merge with yourself "
"when you isolate tasks in separate repositories, and indeed to find and "
"resolve conflicts while doing so.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:299
msgid ""
"Having created two different versions of the file, we'll set up an "
"environment suitable for running our merge."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:305
msgid ""
"In this example, I won't use Mercurial's normal <command>hgmerge</command> "
"program to do the merge, because it would drop my nice automated example-"
"running tool into a graphical user interface.  Instead, I'll set "
"<envar>HGMERGE</envar> to tell Mercurial to use the non-interactive "

"systems. If you're following this example on your computer, don't bother "
"setting <envar>HGMERGE</envar>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:315
msgid "<emphasis role=\"bold\">XXX FIX THIS EXAMPLE.</emphasis>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:320
msgid ""
"Because <command>merge</command> can't resolve the conflicting changes, it "
"leaves <emphasis>merge markers</emphasis> inside the file that has conflicts, "
"indicating which lines have conflicts, and whether they came from our version "
"of the file or theirs."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:326
msgid ""
"Mercurial can tell from the way <command>merge</command> exits that it wasn't "
"able to merge successfully, so it tells us what commands we'll need to run if "
"we want to redo the merging operation.  This could be useful if, for example, "
"we were running a graphical merge tool and quit because we were confused or "
"realised we had made a mistake."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:333
msgid ""
"If automatic or manual merges fail, there's nothing to prevent us from "
"<quote>fixing up</quote> the affected files ourselves, and committing the "
"results of our merge:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:342
msgid "Simplifying the pull-merge-commit sequence"
msgstr "简化拉-合并-提交程序"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:344
msgid ""
"The process of merging changes as outlined above is straightforward, but "
"requires running three commands in sequence."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:350
msgid ""
"In the case of the final commit, you also need to enter a commit message, "
"which is almost always going to be a piece of uninteresting "
"<quote>boilerplate</quote> text."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:354
msgid ""
"It would be nice to reduce the number of steps needed, if this were "
"possible.  Indeed, Mercurial is distributed with an extension called <literal "
"role=\"hg-ext\">fetch</literal> that does just this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:359
msgid ""
"Mercurial provides a flexible extension mechanism that lets people extend its "
"functionality, while keeping the core of Mercurial small and easy to deal "
"with.  Some extensions add new commands that you can use from the command "
"line, while others work <quote>behind the scenes,</quote> for example adding "
"capabilities to the server."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:366
msgid ""
"The <literal role=\"hg-ext\">fetch</literal> extension adds a new command "
"called, not surprisingly, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg fetch</command>.  This "
"extension acts as a combination of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</"
"command>, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> and <command role=\"hg-"

"merge with an automatically-generated commit message.  If no new heads were "
"added, it updates the working directory to the new tip changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:379
msgid ""
"Enabling the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">fetch</literal> extension is easy.  "
"Edit your <filename role=\"special\">.hgrc</filename>, and either go to the "
"<literal role=\"rc-extensions\">extensions</literal> section or create an "
"<literal role=\"rc-extensions\">extensions</literal> section. Then add a line "
"that simply reads <quote><literal>fetch </literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:389
msgid ""
"(Normally, on the right-hand side of the <quote><literal>=</literal></quote> "
"would appear the location of the extension, but since the <literal role=\"hg-"
"ext\">fetch</literal> extension is in the standard distribution, Mercurial "
"knows where to search for it.)"

"separate data (<quote><literal>.d</literal></quote> suffix) and index "
"(<quote><literal>.i</literal></quote> suffix) files.  For small files without "
"much history, the revision data and index are combined in a single "
"<quote><literal>.i</literal></quote> file.  The correspondence between a file "
"in the working directory and the filelog that tracks its history in the "
"repository is illustrated in figure <xref endterm=\"fig.concepts.filelog."
"caption\" linkend=\"fig.concepts.filelog\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:55
msgid "<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/filelog.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:57
msgid ""
"Relationships between files in working directory and filelogs in repository"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:65
msgid "Managing tracked files"
msgstr "管理跟踪的文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:67
msgid ""
"Mercurial uses a structure called a <emphasis>manifest</emphasis> to collect "
"together information about the files that it tracks.  Each entry in the "
"manifest contains information about the files present in a single changeset.  "
"An entry records which files are present in the changeset, the revision of "
"each file, and a few other pieces of file metadata."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:77
msgid "Recording changeset information"
msgstr "记录修改集信息"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:79
msgid ""
"The <emphasis>changelog</emphasis> contains information about each "
"changeset.  Each revision records who committed a change, the changeset "
"comment, other pieces of changeset-related information, and the revision of "
"the manifest to use."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:87
msgid "Relationships between revisions"
msgstr "版本之间的关系"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:89
msgid ""
"Within a changelog, a manifest, or a filelog, each revision stores a pointer "
"to its immediate parent (or to its two parents, if it's a merge revision).  "
"As I mentioned above, there are also relationships between revisions "
"<emphasis>across</emphasis> these structures, and they are hierarchical in "
"nature."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:96
msgid ""
"For every changeset in a repository, there is exactly one revision stored in "
"the changelog.  Each revision of the changelog contains a pointer to a single "
"revision of the manifest.  A revision of the manifest stores a pointer to a "
"single revision of each filelog tracked when that changeset was created.  "
"These relationships are illustrated in figure <xref endterm=\"fig.concepts."
"metadata.caption\" linkend=\"fig.concepts.metadata\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:107
msgid "<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/metadata.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:109
msgid "Metadata relationships"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:114
msgid ""
"As the illustration shows, there is <emphasis>not</emphasis> a <quote>one to "
"one</quote> relationship between revisions in the changelog, manifest, or "
"filelog. If the manifest hasn't changed between two changesets, the changelog "
"entries for those changesets will point to the same revision of the "

"changesets, the entry for that file in the two revisions of the manifest will "
"point to the same revision of its filelog."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:127
msgid "Safe, efficient storage"
msgstr "安全，高效的存储"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:129
msgid ""
"The underpinnings of changelogs, manifests, and filelogs are provided by a "
"single structure called the <emphasis>revlog</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:134
msgid "Efficient storage"
msgstr "高效存储"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:136
msgid ""
"The revlog provides efficient storage of revisions using a <emphasis>delta</"
"emphasis> mechanism.  Instead of storing a complete copy of a file for each "
"revision, it stores the changes needed to transform an older revision into "
"the new revision.  For many kinds of file data, these deltas are typically a "
"fraction of a percent of the size of a full copy of a file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:144
msgid ""
"Some obsolete revision control systems can only work with deltas of text "
"files.  They must either store binary files as complete snapshots or encoded "
"into a text representation, both of which are wasteful approaches.  Mercurial "
"can efficiently handle deltas of files with arbitrary binary contents; it "
"doesn't need to treat text as special."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:153
msgid "Safe operation"
msgstr "安全操作"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:155
msgid ""
"Mercurial only ever <emphasis>appends</emphasis> data to the end of a revlog "
"file. It never modifies a section of a file after it has written it.  This is "
"both more robust and efficient than schemes that need to modify or rewrite "
"data."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:161
msgid ""
"In addition, Mercurial treats every write as part of a <emphasis>transaction</"
"emphasis> that can span a number of files.  A transaction is "
"<emphasis>atomic</emphasis>: either the entire transaction succeeds and its "
"effects are all visible to readers in one go, or the whole thing is undone.  "

"Mercurial, where one is reading data and one is writing it, the reader will "
"never see a partially written result that might confuse it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:171
msgid ""
"The fact that Mercurial only appends to files makes it easier to provide this "
"transactional guarantee.  The easier it is to do stuff like this, the more "
"confident you should be that it's done correctly."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:178
msgid "Fast retrieval"
msgstr "快速检索"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:180
msgid ""
"Mercurial cleverly avoids a pitfall common to all earlier revision control "
"systems: the problem of <emphasis>inefficient retrieval</emphasis>. Most "
"revision control systems store the contents of a revision as an incremental "
"series of modifications against a <quote>snapshot</quote>.  To reconstruct a "

"history that a file accumulates, the more revisions you must read, hence the "
"longer it takes to reconstruct a particular revision."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:193
msgid "<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/snapshot.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:195
msgid "Snapshot of a revlog, with incremental deltas"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:200
msgid ""
"The innovation that Mercurial applies to this problem is simple but "
"effective.  Once the cumulative amount of delta information stored since the "
"last snapshot exceeds a fixed threshold, it stores a new snapshot "
"(compressed, of course), instead of another delta.  This makes it possible to "

"approach works so well that it has since been copied by several other "
"revision control systems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:209
msgid ""
"Figure <xref endterm=\"fig.concepts.snapshot.caption\" linkend=\"fig.concepts."
"snapshot\"/> illustrates the idea.  In an entry in a revlog's index file, "
"Mercurial stores the range of entries from the data file that it must read to "
"reconstruct a particular revision."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:216
msgid "Aside: the influence of video compression"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:218
msgid ""
"If you're familiar with video compression or have ever watched a TV feed "
"through a digital cable or satellite service, you may know that most video "
"compression schemes store each frame of video as a delta against its "
"predecessor frame.  In addition, these schemes use <quote>lossy</quote> "
"compression techniques to increase the compression ratio, so visual errors "
"accumulate over the course of a number of inter-frame deltas."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:227
msgid ""
"Because it's possible for a video stream to <quote>drop out</quote> "
"occasionally due to signal glitches, and to limit the accumulation of "
"artefacts introduced by the lossy compression process, video encoders "
"periodically insert a complete frame (called a <quote>key frame</quote>) into "

"frame is received.  Also, the accumulation of encoding errors restarts anew "
"with each key frame."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:241
msgid "Identification and strong integrity"
msgstr "鉴别和强完整性"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:243
msgid ""
"Along with delta or snapshot information, a revlog entry contains a "
"cryptographic hash of the data that it represents.  This makes it difficult "
"to forge the contents of a revision, and easy to detect accidental corruption."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:248
msgid ""
"Hashes provide more than a mere check against corruption; they are used as "
"the identifiers for revisions.  The changeset identification hashes that you "
"see as an end user are from revisions of the changelog.  Although filelogs "
"and the manifest also use hashes, Mercurial only uses these behind the scenes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:255
msgid ""
"Mercurial verifies that hashes are correct when it retrieves file revisions "
"and when it pulls changes from another repository.  If it encounters an "
"integrity problem, it will complain and stop whatever it's doing."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:260
msgid ""
"In addition to the effect it has on retrieval efficiency, Mercurial's use of "
"periodic snapshots makes it more robust against partial data corruption.  If "
"a revlog becomes partly corrupted due to a hardware error or system bug, it's "
"often possible to reconstruct some or most revisions from the uncorrupted "
"sections of the revlog, both before and after the corrupted section.  This "
"would not be possible with a delta-only storage model."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:272
msgid "Revision history, branching, and merging"
msgstr "修订历史，分支与合并"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:274
msgid ""
"Every entry in a Mercurial revlog knows the identity of its immediate "
"ancestor revision, usually referred to as its <emphasis>parent</emphasis>.  "
"In fact, a revision contains room for not one parent, but two.  Mercurial "
"uses a special hash, called the <quote>null ID</quote>, to represent the idea "
"<quote>there is no parent here</quote>.  This hash is simply a string of "
"zeroes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:282
msgid ""
"In figure <xref endterm=\"fig.concepts.revlog.caption\" linkend=\"fig."
"concepts.revlog\"/>, you can see an example of the conceptual structure of a "
"revlog.  Filelogs, manifests, and changelogs all have this same structure; "
"they differ only in the kind of data stored in each delta or snapshot."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:289
msgid ""
"The first revision in a revlog (at the bottom of the image)  has the null ID "
"in both of its parent slots.  For a <quote>normal</quote> revision, its first "
"parent slot contains the ID of its parent revision, and its second contains "
"the null ID, indicating that the revision has only one real parent.  Any two "

"represents a merge between branches has two normal revision IDs in its parent "
"slots."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:300
msgid "<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/revlog.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:302
msgid "Revision in revlog"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:309
msgid "The working directory"
msgstr "工作目录"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:311
msgid ""
"In the working directory, Mercurial stores a snapshot of the files from the "
"repository as of a particular changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:314
msgid ""
"The working directory <quote>knows</quote> which changeset it contains.  When "
"you update the working directory to contain a particular changeset, Mercurial "
"looks up the appropriate revision of the manifest to find out which files it "
"was tracking at the time that changeset was committed, and which revision of "
"each file was then current.  It then recreates a copy of each of those files, "
"with the same contents it had when the changeset was committed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:323
msgid ""
"The <emphasis>dirstate</emphasis> contains Mercurial's knowledge of the "
"working directory.  This details which changeset the working directory is "
"updated to, and all of the files that Mercurial is tracking in the working "
"directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:329
msgid ""
"Just as a revision of a revlog has room for two parents, so that it can "
"represent either a normal revision (with one parent)  or a merge of two "
"earlier revisions, the dirstate has slots for two parents.  When you use the "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> command, the changeset that you "

"cmd\">hg parents</command> command tells you what the parents of the dirstate "
"are."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:343
msgid "What happens when you commit"
msgstr "当你提交时发生的事情"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:345
msgid ""
"The dirstate stores parent information for more than just book-keeping "
"purposes.  Mercurial uses the parents of the dirstate as <emphasis>the "
"parents of a new changeset</emphasis> when you perform a commit."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:352
msgid "<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/wdir.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:354
msgid "The working directory can have two parents"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:359
msgid ""
"Figure <xref endterm=\"fig.concepts.wdir.caption\" linkend=\"fig.concepts.wdir"
"\"/> shows the normal state of the working directory, where it has a single "
"changeset as parent.  That changeset is the <emphasis>tip</emphasis>, the "
"newest changeset in the repository that has no children."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:368
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/wdir-after-commit.png\"/> </"
"imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:371
msgid "The working directory gains new parents after a commit"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:376
msgid ""
"It's useful to think of the working directory as <quote>the changeset I'm "
"about to commit</quote>.  Any files that you tell Mercurial that you've "
"added, removed, renamed, or copied will be reflected in that changeset, as "
"will modifications to any files that Mercurial is already tracking; the new "
"changeset will have the parents of the working directory as its parents."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:384
msgid ""
"After a commit, Mercurial will update the parents of the working directory, "
"so that the first parent is the ID of the new changeset, and the second is "
"the null ID.  This is shown in figure <xref endterm=\"fig.concepts.wdir-after-"
"commit.caption\" linkend=\"fig.concepts.wdir-after-commit\"/>.  Mercurial "
"doesn't touch any of the files in the working directory when you commit; it "
"just modifies the dirstate to note its new parents."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:396
msgid "Creating a new head"
msgstr "创建新顶点"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:398
msgid ""
"It's perfectly normal to update the working directory to a changeset other "
"than the current tip.  For example, you might want to know what your project "
"looked like last Tuesday, or you could be looking through changesets to see "
"which one introduced a bug.  In cases like this, the natural thing to do is "
"update the working directory to the changeset you're interested in, and then "
"examine the files in the working directory directly to see their contents as "
"they were when you committed that changeset.  The effect of this is shown in "
"figure <xref endterm=\"fig.concepts.wdir-pre-branch.caption\" linkend=\"fig."
"concepts.wdir-pre-branch\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:412
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/wdir-pre-branch.png\"/> </"
"imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:415
msgid "The working directory, updated to an older changeset"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:420
msgid ""
"Having updated the working directory to an older changeset, what happens if "
"you make some changes, and then commit? Mercurial behaves in the same way as "
"I outlined above.  The parents of the working directory become the parents of "
"the new changeset.  This new changeset has no children, so it becomes the new "
"tip.  And the repository now contains two changesets that have no children; "
"we call these <emphasis>heads</emphasis>.  You can see the structure that "
"this creates in figure <xref endterm=\"fig.concepts.wdir-branch.caption\" "
"linkend=\"fig.concepts.wdir-branch\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:434
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/wdir-branch.png\"/> </imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:437
msgid "After a commit made while synced to an older changeset"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:443
msgid ""
"If you're new to Mercurial, you should keep in mind a common <quote>error</"
"quote>, which is to use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> "
"command without any options.  By default, the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"pull</command> command <emphasis>does not</emphasis> update the working "

"head, because your working directory isn't synced to whatever the current tip "
"is."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:455
msgid ""
"I put the word <quote>error</quote> in quotes because all that you need to do "
"to rectify this situation is <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</command>, "
"then <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command>.  In other words, this "
"almost never has negative consequences; it just surprises people.  I'll "
"discuss other ways to avoid this behaviour, and why Mercurial behaves in this "
"initially surprising way, later on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:467
msgid "Merging heads"
msgstr "合并顶点"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:469
msgid ""
"When you run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</command> command, "
"Mercurial leaves the first parent of the working directory unchanged, and "
"sets the second parent to the changeset you're merging with, as shown in "
"figure <xref endterm=\"fig.concepts.wdir-merge.caption\" linkend=\"fig."
"concepts.wdir-merge\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:478
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/wdir-merge.png\"/> </imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:481
msgid "Merging two heads"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:486
msgid ""
"Mercurial also has to modify the working directory, to merge the files "
"managed in the two changesets.  Simplified a little, the merging process goes "
"like this, for every file in the manifests of both changesets."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:491
msgid "If neither changeset has modified a file, do nothing with that file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:494
msgid ""
"If one changeset has modified a file, and the other hasn't, create the "
"modified copy of the file in the working directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:498
msgid ""
"If one changeset has removed a file, and the other hasn't (or has also "
"deleted it), delete the file from the working directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:502
msgid ""
"If one changeset has removed a file, but the other has modified the file, ask "
"the user what to do: keep the modified file, or remove it?"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:506
msgid ""
"If both changesets have modified a file, invoke an external merge program to "
"choose the new contents for the merged file.  This may require input from the "
"user."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:511
msgid ""
"If one changeset has modified a file, and the other has renamed or copied the "
"file, make sure that the changes follow the new name of the file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:515
msgid ""
"There are more details&emdash;merging has plenty of corner cases&emdash;but "
"these are the most common choices that are involved in a merge.  As you can "
"see, most cases are completely automatic, and indeed most merges finish "
"automatically, without requiring your input to resolve any conflicts."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:522
msgid ""
"When you're thinking about what happens when you commit after a merge, once "
"again the working directory is <quote>the changeset I'm about to commit</"
"quote>.  After the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</command> command "
"completes, the working directory has two parents; these will become the "
"parents of the new changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:529
msgid ""
"Mercurial lets you perform multiple merges, but you must commit the results "
"of each individual merge as you go.  This is necessary because Mercurial only "
"tracks two parents for both revisions and the working directory.  While it "
"would be technically possible to merge multiple changesets at once, the "
"prospect of user confusion and making a terrible mess of a merge immediately "
"becomes overwhelming."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:540
msgid "Other interesting design features"
msgstr "其它有趣的设计特性"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:542
msgid ""
"In the sections above, I've tried to highlight some of the most important "
"aspects of Mercurial's design, to illustrate that it pays careful attention "
"to reliability and performance.  However, the attention to detail doesn't "
"stop there.  There are a number of other aspects of Mercurial's construction "

"you can gain a better idea of the amount of thinking that goes into a well-"
"designed system."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:553
msgid "Clever compression"
msgstr "智能压缩"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:555
msgid ""
"When appropriate, Mercurial will store both snapshots and deltas in "
"compressed form.  It does this by always <emphasis>trying to</emphasis> "
"compress a snapshot or delta, but only storing the compressed version if it's "
"smaller than the uncompressed version."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:561
msgid ""
"This means that Mercurial does <quote>the right thing</quote> when storing a "
"file whose native form is compressed, such as a <literal>zip</literal> "
"archive or a JPEG image.  When these types of files are compressed a second "
"time, the resulting file is usually bigger than the once-compressed form, and "
"so Mercurial will store the plain <literal>zip</literal> or JPEG."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:569
msgid ""
"Deltas between revisions of a compressed file are usually larger than "
"snapshots of the file, and Mercurial again does <quote>the right thing</"
"quote> in these cases.  It finds that such a delta exceeds the threshold at "
"which it should store a complete snapshot of the file, so it stores the "
"snapshot, again saving space compared to a naive delta-only approach."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:578
msgid "Network recompression"
msgstr "网络重新压缩"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:580
msgid ""
"When storing revisions on disk, Mercurial uses the <quote>deflate</quote> "
"compression algorithm (the same one used by the popular <literal>zip</"
"literal> archive format), which balances good speed with a respectable "
"compression ratio.  However, when transmitting revision data over a network "
"connection, Mercurial uncompresses the compressed revision data."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:588
msgid ""
"If the connection is over HTTP, Mercurial recompresses the entire stream of "
"data using a compression algorithm that gives a better compression ratio (the "
"Burrows-Wheeler algorithm from the widely used <literal>bzip2</literal> "
"compression package).  This combination of algorithm and compression of the "

"number of bytes to be transferred, yielding better network performance over "
"almost all kinds of network."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:598
msgid ""
"(If the connection is over <command>ssh</command>, Mercurial "
"<emphasis>doesn't</emphasis> recompress the stream, because <command>ssh</"
"command> can already do this itself.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:606
msgid "Read/write ordering and atomicity"
msgstr "读写顺序与原子性"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:608
msgid ""
"Appending to files isn't the whole story when it comes to guaranteeing that a "
"reader won't see a partial write.  If you recall figure <xref endterm=\"fig."
"concepts.metadata.caption\" linkend=\"fig.concepts.metadata\"/>, revisions in "
"the changelog point to revisions in the manifest, and revisions in the "
"manifest point to revisions in filelogs.  This hierarchy is deliberate."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:616
msgid ""
"A writer starts a transaction by writing filelog and manifest data, and "
"doesn't write any changelog data until those are finished.  A reader starts "
"by reading changelog data, then manifest data, followed by filelog data."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:621
msgid ""
"Since the writer has always finished writing filelog and manifest data before "
"it writes to the changelog, a reader will never read a pointer to a partially "
"written manifest revision from the changelog, and it will never read a "
"pointer to a partially written filelog revision from the manifest."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:629
msgid "Concurrent access"
msgstr "并发访问"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:631
msgid ""
"The read/write ordering and atomicity guarantees mean that Mercurial never "
"needs to <emphasis>lock</emphasis> a repository when it's reading data, even "
"if the repository is being written to while the read is occurring. This has a "
"big effect on scalability; you can have an arbitrary number of Mercurial "
"processes safely reading data from a repository safely all at once, no matter "
"whether it's being written to or not."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:640
msgid ""
"The lockless nature of reading means that if you're sharing a repository on a "
"multi-user system, you don't need to grant other local users permission to "
"<emphasis>write</emphasis> to your repository in order for them to be able to "
"clone it or pull changes from it; they only need <emphasis>read</emphasis> "

"permission on at least one directory, which of course makes for all kinds of "
"nasty and annoying security and administrative problems.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:653
msgid ""
"Mercurial uses locks to ensure that only one process can write to a "
"repository at a time (the locking mechanism is safe even over filesystems "
"that are notoriously hostile to locking, such as NFS).  If a repository is "
"locked, a writer will wait for a while to retry if the repository becomes "

"unnoticed, for example.  (Yes, the timeout is configurable, from zero to "
"infinity.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:665
msgid "Safe dirstate access"
msgstr "安全的目录状态访问"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:667
msgid ""
"As with revision data, Mercurial doesn't take a lock to read the dirstate "
"file; it does acquire a lock to write it.  To avoid the possibility of "
"reading a partially written copy of the dirstate file, Mercurial writes to a "
"file with a unique name in the same directory as the dirstate file, then "

"file named <filename>dirstate</filename> is thus guaranteed to be complete, "
"not partially written."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:680
msgid "Avoiding seeks"
msgstr "避免查找"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:682
msgid ""
"Critical to Mercurial's performance is the avoidance of seeks of the disk "
"head, since any seek is far more expensive than even a comparatively large "
"read operation."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:686
msgid ""
"This is why, for example, the dirstate is stored in a single file.  If there "
"were a dirstate file per directory that Mercurial tracked, the disk would "
"seek once per directory.  Instead, Mercurial reads the entire single dirstate "
"file in one step."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:692
msgid ""
"Mercurial also uses a <quote>copy on write</quote> scheme when cloning a "
"repository on local storage.  Instead of copying every revlog file from the "
"old repository into the new repository, it makes a <quote>hard link</quote>, "
"which is a shorthand way to say <quote>these two names point to the same "

"one.  If it is, more than one repository is using the file, so Mercurial "
"makes a new copy of the file that is private to this repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:703
msgid ""
"A few revision control developers have pointed out that this idea of making a "
"complete private copy of a file is not very efficient in its use of storage.  "
"While this is true, storage is cheap, and this method gives the highest "
"performance while deferring most book-keeping to the operating system.  An "

"complexity of the software, each of which is much more important to the "
"<quote>feel</quote> of day-to-day use."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:715
msgid "Other contents of the dirstate"
msgstr "目录状态的其它内容"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:717
msgid ""
"Because Mercurial doesn't force you to tell it when you're modifying a file, "
"it uses the dirstate to store some extra information so it can determine "
"efficiently whether you have modified a file.  For each file in the working "
"directory, it stores the time that it last modified the file itself, and the "
"size of the file at that time."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:724
msgid ""
"When you explicitly <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command>, <command role="
"\"hg-cmd\">hg remove</command>, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rename</command> "
"or <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command> files, Mercurial updates the "
"dirstate so that it knows what to do with those files when you commit."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:731
msgid ""
"When Mercurial is checking the states of files in the working directory, it "
"first checks a file's modification time.  If that has not changed, the file "
"must not have been modified.  If the file's size has changed, the file must "
"have been modified.  If the modification time has changed, but the size has "

"but it will also contain all of the bugfixes from the stable branch.  The "
"stable branch remains unaffected by these changes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:264 ../en/ch06-collab.xml:278
msgid "Feature branches"
msgstr "特性分支"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:266

"working on an individual branch are typically quite isolated from "
"developments on other branches."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:275
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/feature-branches.png\"/> </"
"imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:283
msgid ""
"When a particular feature is deemed to be in suitable shape, someone on that "
"feature team pulls and merges from the master branch into the feature branch, "
"then pushes back up to the master branch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:290
msgid "The release train"
msgstr "发布列车"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:292
msgid ""
"Some projects are organised on a <quote>train</quote> basis: a release is "
"scheduled to happen every few months, and whatever features are ready when "
"the <quote>train</quote> is ready to leave are allowed in."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:297
msgid ""
"This model resembles working with feature branches.  The difference is that "
"when a feature branch misses a train, someone on the feature team pulls and "
"merges the changes that went out on that train release into the feature "
"branch, and the team continues its work on top of that release so that their "
"feature can make the next release."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:306
msgid "The Linux kernel model"
msgstr "Linux 内核模型"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:308
msgid ""
"The development of the Linux kernel has a shallow hierarchical structure, "
"surrounded by a cloud of apparent chaos.  Because most Linux developers use "
"<command>git</command>, a distributed revision control tool with capabilities "
"similar to Mercurial, it's useful to describe the way work flows in that "
"environment; if you like the ideas, the approach translates well across tools."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:316
msgid ""
"At the center of the community sits Linus Torvalds, the creator of Linux.  He "
"publishes a single source repository that is considered the "
"<quote>authoritative</quote> current tree by the entire developer community. "
"Anyone can clone Linus's tree, but he is very choosy about whose trees he "
"pulls from."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:323
msgid ""
"Linus has a number of <quote>trusted lieutenants</quote>.  As a general rule, "
"he pulls whatever changes they publish, in most cases without even reviewing "
"those changes.  Some of those lieutenants are generally agreed to be "
"<quote>maintainers</quote>, responsible for specific subsystems within the "

"maintainer reviews their changes and agrees to take them, they'll pass them "
"along to Linus in due course."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:335
msgid ""
"Individual lieutenants have their own approaches to reviewing, accepting, and "
"publishing changes; and for deciding when to feed them to Linus.  In "
"addition, there are several well known branches that people use for different "
"purposes.  For example, a few people maintain <quote>stable</quote> "

"experimental changes; one for changes that they are about to feed upstream; "
"and so on.  Others just publish a single tree."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:346
msgid ""
"This model has two notable features.  The first is that it's <quote>pull "
"only</quote>.  You have to ask, convince, or beg another developer to take a "
"change from you, because there are almost no trees to which more than one "
"person can push, and there's no way to push changes into a tree that someone "
"else controls."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:353
msgid ""
"The second is that it's based on reputation and acclaim.  If you're an "
"unknown, Linus will probably ignore changes from you without even "
"responding.  But a subsystem maintainer will probably review them, and will "
"likely take them if they pass their criteria for suitability. The more "

"accepted, people with similar interests may pull your changes regularly to "
"keep up with your work."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:364
msgid ""
"Reputation and acclaim don't necessarily cross subsystem or <quote>people</"
"quote> boundaries.  If you're a respected but specialised storage hacker, and "
"you try to fix a networking bug, that change will receive a level of scrutiny "
"from a network maintainer comparable to a change from a complete stranger."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:371
msgid ""
"To people who come from more orderly project backgrounds, the comparatively "
"chaotic Linux kernel development process often seems completely insane.  It's "
"subject to the whims of individuals; people make sweeping changes whenever "
"they deem it appropriate; and the pace of development is astounding.  And yet "
"Linux is a highly successful, well-regarded piece of software."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:381
msgid "Pull-only versus shared-push collaboration"
msgstr "只读与共享写协作"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:383
msgid ""
"A perpetual source of heat in the open source community is whether a "
"development model in which people only ever pull changes from others is "
"<quote>better than</quote> one in which multiple people can push changes to a "
"shared repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:389
msgid ""
"Typically, the backers of the shared-push model use tools that actively "
"enforce this approach.  If you're using a centralised revision control tool "
"such as Subversion, there's no way to make a choice over which model you'll "
"use: the tool gives you shared-push, and if you want to do anything else, "
"you'll have to roll your own approach on top (such as applying a patch by "
"hand)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:397
msgid ""
"A good distributed revision control tool, such as Mercurial, will support "
"both models.  You and your collaborators can then structure how you work "
"together based on your own needs and preferences, not on what contortions "
"your tools force you into."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:405
msgid "Where collaboration meets branch management"
msgstr "协作与分支管理"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:407
msgid ""
"Once you and your team set up some shared repositories and start propagating "
"changes back and forth between local and shared repos, you begin to face a "
"related, but slightly different challenge: that of managing the multiple "
"directions in which your team may be moving at once.  Even though this "

"enough to merit treatment of its own, in chapter <xref linkend=\"chap.branch"
"\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:419
msgid "The technical side of sharing"
msgstr "共享的技术因素"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:421
msgid ""
"The remainder of this chapter is devoted to the question of serving data to "
"your collaborators."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:426
msgid "Informal sharing with <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command>"
msgstr "使用 <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> 进行非正式共享"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:429
msgid ""
"Mercurial's <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> command is "
"wonderfully suited to small, tight-knit, and fast-paced group environments.  "
"It also provides a great way to get a feel for using Mercurial commands over "
"a network."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:434
msgid ""
"Run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> inside a repository, and in "
"under a second it will bring up a specialised HTTP server; this will accept "
"connections from any client, and serve up data for that repository until you "
"terminate it.  Anyone who knows the URL of the server you just started, and "

"cmd\">hg serve</command> instance running on a laptop is likely to look "
"something like <literal>http://my-laptop.local:8000/</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:445
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> command is <emphasis>not</"
"emphasis> a general-purpose web server. It can do only two things:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:449
msgid ""
"Allow people to browse the history of the repository it's serving, from their "
"normal web browsers."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:453
msgid ""
"Speak Mercurial's wire protocol, so that people can <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg clone</command> or <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> changes "
"from that repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:458
msgid ""
"In particular, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> won't allow remote "
"users to <emphasis>modify</emphasis> your repository.  It's intended for read-"
"only use."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:462
msgid ""
"If you're getting started with Mercurial, there's nothing to prevent you from "
"using <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> to serve up a repository on "
"your own computer, then use commands like <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg clone</"
"command>, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg incoming</command>, and so on to talk "
"to that server as if the repository was hosted remotely. This can help you to "
"quickly get acquainted with using commands on network-hosted repositories."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:472
msgid "A few things to keep in mind"
msgstr "要牢记的几件事"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:474
msgid ""
"Because it provides unauthenticated read access to all clients, you should "
"only use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> in an environment where "
"you either don't care, or have complete control over, who can access your "
"network and pull data from your repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:480
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> command knows nothing about "
"any firewall software you might have installed on your system or network.  It "
"cannot detect or control your firewall software.  If other people are unable "
"to talk to a running <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> instance, "
"the second thing you should do (<emphasis>after</emphasis> you make sure that "
"they're using the correct URL) is check your firewall configuration."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:489
msgid ""
"By default, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> listens for incoming "
"connections on port 8000.  If another process is already listening on the "
"port you want to use, you can specify a different port to listen on using the "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-serve\">-p</option> option."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:495
msgid ""
"Normally, when <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> starts, it prints "
"no output, which can be a bit unnerving.  If you'd like to confirm that it is "
"indeed running correctly, and find out what URL you should send to your "
"collaborators, start it with the <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-v</option> "
"option."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:505
msgid "Using the Secure Shell (ssh) protocol"
msgstr "使用 ssh 协议"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:507
msgid ""
"You can pull and push changes securely over a network connection using the "
"Secure Shell (<literal>ssh</literal>)  protocol.  To use this successfully, "
"you may have to do a little bit of configuration on the client or server "
"sides."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:512
msgid ""
"If you're not familiar with ssh, it's a network protocol that lets you "
"securely communicate with another computer.  To use it with Mercurial, you'll "
"be setting up one or more user accounts on a server so that remote users can "
"log in and execute commands."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:518
msgid ""
"(If you <emphasis>are</emphasis> familiar with ssh, you'll probably find some "
"of the material that follows to be elementary in nature.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:523
msgid "How to read and write ssh URLs"
msgstr "如何读写 ssh 路径"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:525
msgid "An ssh URL tends to look like this:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:528
msgid ""
"The <quote><literal>ssh://</literal></quote> part tells Mercurial to use the "
"ssh protocol."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:531
msgid ""
"The <quote><literal>bos@</literal></quote> component indicates what username "
"to log into the server as.  You can leave this out if the remote username is "
"the same as your local username."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:536
msgid ""
"The <quote><literal>hg.serpentine.com</literal></quote> gives the hostname of "
"the server to log into."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:540
msgid ""
"The <quote>:22</quote> identifies the port number to connect to the server "
"on.  The default port is 22, so you only need to specify this part if you're "
"<emphasis>not</emphasis> using port 22."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:545
msgid ""
"The remainder of the URL is the local path to the repository on the server."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:549
msgid ""
"There's plenty of scope for confusion with the path component of ssh URLs, as "
"there is no standard way for tools to interpret it.  Some programs behave "
"differently than others when dealing with these paths. This isn't an ideal "
"situation, but it's unlikely to change.  Please read the following paragraphs "
"carefully."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:556
msgid ""
"Mercurial treats the path to a repository on the server as relative to the "
"remote user's home directory.  For example, if user <literal>foo</literal> on "
"the server has a home directory of <filename class=\"directory\">/home/foo</"
"filename>, then an ssh URL that contains a path component of <filename class="
"\"directory\">bar</filename> <emphasis>really</emphasis> refers to the "
"directory <filename class=\"directory\">/home/foo/bar</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:565
msgid ""
"If you want to specify a path relative to another user's home directory, you "
"can use a path that starts with a tilde character followed by the user's name "
"(let's call them <literal>otheruser</literal>), like this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:571
msgid ""
"And if you really want to specify an <emphasis>absolute</emphasis> path on "
"the server, begin the path component with two slashes, as in this example."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:578
msgid "Finding an ssh client for your system"
msgstr "为你的系统寻找 ssh 客户端"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:580
msgid ""
"Almost every Unix-like system comes with OpenSSH preinstalled.  If you're "
"using such a system, run <literal>which ssh</literal> to find out if the "
"<command>ssh</command> command is installed (it's usually in <filename class="
"\"directory\">/usr/bin</filename>).  In the unlikely event that it isn't "
"present, take a look at your system documentation to figure out how to "
"install it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:588
msgid ""
"On Windows, you'll first need to download a suitable ssh client.  There are "
"two alternatives."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:591
msgid ""
"Simon Tatham's excellent PuTTY package <citation>web:putty</citation> "
"provides a complete suite of ssh client commands."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:595
msgid ""
"If you have a high tolerance for pain, you can use the Cygwin port of OpenSSH."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:598
msgid ""
"In either case, you'll need to edit your \\hgini\\ file to tell Mercurial "
"where to find the actual client command.  For example, if you're using PuTTY, "
"you'll need to use the <command>plink</command> command as a command-line ssh "
"client."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:607
msgid ""
"The path to <command>plink</command> shouldn't contain any whitespace "
"characters, or Mercurial may not be able to run it correctly (so putting it "
"in <filename class=\"directory\">C:\\\\Program Files</filename> is probably "
"not a good idea)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:616
msgid "Generating a key pair"
msgstr "产生密钥对"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:618
msgid ""
"To avoid the need to repetitively type a password every time you need to use "
"your ssh client, I recommend generating a key pair.  On a Unix-like system, "
"the <command>ssh-keygen</command> command will do the trick. On Windows, if "
"you're using PuTTY, the <command>puttygen</command> command is what you'll "
"need."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:626
msgid ""
"When you generate a key pair, it's usually <emphasis>highly</emphasis> "
"advisable to protect it with a passphrase.  (The only time that you might not "
"want to do this is when you're using the ssh protocol for automated tasks on "
"a secure network.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:632
msgid ""
"Simply generating a key pair isn't enough, however.  You'll need to add the "
"public key to the set of authorised keys for whatever user you're logging in "
"remotely as.  For servers using OpenSSH (the vast majority), this will mean "
"adding the public key to a list in a file called <filename role=\"special"
"\">authorized_keys</filename> in their <filename role=\"special\" class="
"\"directory\">.ssh</filename> directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:641
msgid ""
"On a Unix-like system, your public key will have a <filename>.pub</filename> "
"extension.  If you're using <command>puttygen</command> on Windows, you can "
"save the public key to a file of your choosing, or paste it from the window "
"it's displayed in straight into the <filename role=\"special"
"\">authorized_keys</filename> file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:650
msgid "Using an authentication agent"
msgstr "使用认证代理"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:652
msgid ""
"An authentication agent is a daemon that stores passphrases in memory (so it "
"will forget passphrases if you log out and log back in again). An ssh client "
"will notice if it's running, and query it for a passphrase.  If there's no "
"authentication agent running, or the agent doesn't store the necessary "

"communicate with a server on your behalf (e.g. whenever you pull or push "
"changes)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:661
msgid ""
"The downside of storing passphrases in an agent is that it's possible for a "
"well-prepared attacker to recover the plain text of your passphrases, in some "
"cases even if your system has been power-cycled. You should make your own "
"judgment as to whether this is an acceptable risk.  It certainly saves a lot "
"of repeated typing."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:668
msgid ""
"On Unix-like systems, the agent is called <command>ssh-agent</command>, and "
"it's often run automatically for you when you log in.  You'll need to use the "
"<command>ssh-add</command> command to add passphrases to the agent's store.  "
"On Windows, if you're using PuTTY, the <command>pageant</command> command "
"acts as the agent.  It adds an icon to your system tray that will let you "
"manage stored passphrases."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:679
msgid "Configuring the server side properly"
msgstr "正确配置服务器端"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:681
msgid ""
"Because ssh can be fiddly to set up if you're new to it, there's a variety of "
"things that can go wrong.  Add Mercurial on top, and there's plenty more "
"scope for head-scratching.  Most of these potential problems occur on the "
"server side, not the client side.  The good news is that once you've gotten a "
"configuration working, it will usually continue to work indefinitely."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:689
msgid ""
"Before you try using Mercurial to talk to an ssh server, it's best to make "
"sure that you can use the normal <command>ssh</command> or <command>putty</"
"command> command to talk to the server first.  If you run into problems with "
"using these commands directly, Mercurial surely won't work.  Worse, it will "

"commands work first, <emphasis>before</emphasis> you worry about whether "
"there's a problem with Mercurial."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:700
msgid ""
"The first thing to be sure of on the server side is that you can actually log "
"in from another machine at all.  If you can't use <command>ssh</command> or "
"<command>putty</command> to log in, the error message you get may give you a "
"few hints as to what's wrong.  The most common problems are as follows."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:707
msgid ""
"If you get a <quote>connection refused</quote> error, either there isn't an "
"SSH daemon running on the server at all, or it's inaccessible due to firewall "
"configuration."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:712
msgid ""
"If you get a <quote>no route to host</quote> error, you either have an "
"incorrect address for the server or a seriously locked down firewall that "
"won't admit its existence at all."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:717
msgid ""
"If you get a <quote>permission denied</quote> error, you may have mistyped "
"the username on the server, or you could have mistyped your key's passphrase "
"or the remote user's password."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:722
msgid ""
"In summary, if you're having trouble talking to the server's ssh daemon, "
"first make sure that one is running at all.  On many systems it will be "
"installed, but disabled, by default.  Once you're done with this step, you "
"should then check that the server's firewall is configured to allow incoming "

"worry about more exotic possibilities for misconfiguration until you've "
"checked these two first."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:732
msgid ""
"If you're using an authentication agent on the client side to store "
"passphrases for your keys, you ought to be able to log into the server "
"without being prompted for a passphrase or a password.  If you're prompted "
"for a passphrase, there are a few possible culprits."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:738
msgid ""
"You might have forgotten to use <command>ssh-add</command> or "
"<command>pageant</command> to store the passphrase."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:742
msgid "You might have stored the passphrase for the wrong key."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:745
msgid ""
"If you're being prompted for the remote user's password, there are another "
"few possible problems to check."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:748
msgid ""
"Either the user's home directory or their <filename role=\"special\" class="
"\"directory\">.ssh</filename> directory might have excessively liberal "
"permissions.  As a result, the ssh daemon will not trust or read their "
"<filename role=\"special\">authorized_keys</filename> file.  For example, a "
"group-writable home or <filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.ssh</"
"filename> directory will often cause this symptom."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:757
msgid ""
"The user's <filename role=\"special\">authorized_keys</filename> file may "
"have a problem. If anyone other than the user owns or can write to that file, "
"the ssh daemon will not trust or read it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:764
msgid ""
"In the ideal world, you should be able to run the following command "
"successfully, and it should print exactly one line of output, the current "
"date and time."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:769
msgid ""
"If, on your server, you have login scripts that print banners or other junk "
"even when running non-interactive commands like this, you should fix them "
"before you continue, so that they only print output if they're run "
"interactively.  Otherwise these banners will at least clutter up Mercurial's "

"login script is running in an interactive shell is to check the return code "
"from the command <literal>tty -s</literal>.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:783
msgid ""
"Once you've verified that plain old ssh is working with your server, the next "
"step is to ensure that Mercurial runs on the server.  The following command "
"should run successfully:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:788
msgid ""
"If you see an error message instead of normal <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"version</command> output, this is usually because you haven't installed "
"Mercurial to <filename class=\"directory\">/usr/bin</filename>.  Don't worry "
"if this is the case; you don't need to do that.  But you should check for a "
"few possible problems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:795
msgid ""
"Is Mercurial really installed on the server at all? I know this sounds "
"trivial, but it's worth checking!"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:799
msgid ""
"Maybe your shell's search path (usually set via the <envar>PATH</envar> "
"environment variable) is simply misconfigured."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:803
msgid ""
"Perhaps your <envar>PATH</envar> environment variable is only being set to "
"point to the location of the <command>hg</command> executable if the login "
"session is interactive.  This can happen if you're setting the path in the "
"wrong shell login script.  See your shell's documentation for details."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:810
msgid ""
"The <envar>PYTHONPATH</envar> environment variable may need to contain the "
"path to the Mercurial Python modules.  It might not be set at all; it could "
"be incorrect; or it may be set only if the login is interactive."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:817
msgid ""
"If you can run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg version</command> over an ssh "
"connection, well done! You've got the server and client sorted out.  You "
"should now be able to use Mercurial to access repositories hosted by that "
"username on that server.  If you run into problems with Mercurial and ssh at "
"this point, try using the <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">--debug</option> "
"option to get a clearer picture of what's going on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:827
msgid "Using compression with ssh"
msgstr "通过 ssh 使用压缩"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:829
msgid ""
"Mercurial does not compress data when it uses the ssh protocol, because the "
"ssh protocol can transparently compress data.  However, the default behaviour "
"of ssh clients is <emphasis>not</emphasis> to request compression."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:834
msgid ""
"Over any network other than a fast LAN (even a wireless network), using "
"compression is likely to significantly speed up Mercurial's network "
"operations.  For example, over a WAN, someone measured compression as "
"reducing the amount of time required to clone a particularly large repository "
"from 51 minutes to 17 minutes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:841
msgid ""
"Both <command>ssh</command> and <command>plink</command> accept a <option "
"role=\"cmd-opt-ssh\">-C</option> option which turns on compression.  You can "
"easily edit your <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>\\ to enable "
"compression for all of Mercurial's uses of the ssh protocol."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:848
msgid ""
"If you use <command>ssh</command>, you can configure it to always use "
"compression when talking to your server.  To do this, edit your <filename "
"role=\"special\">.ssh/config</filename> file (which may not yet exist), as "
"follows."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:855
msgid ""
"This defines an alias, <literal>hg</literal>.  When you use it on the "
"<command>ssh</command> command line or in a Mercurial <literal>ssh</literal>-"
"protocol URL, it will cause <command>ssh</command> to connect to <literal>hg."
"example.com</literal> and use compression.  This gives you both a shorter "
"name to type and compression, each of which is a good thing in its own right."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:866
msgid "Serving over HTTP using CGI"
msgstr "使用 CGI 通过 HTTP 提供服务"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:868
msgid ""
"Depending on how ambitious you are, configuring Mercurial's CGI interface can "
"take anything from a few moments to several hours."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:872
msgid ""
"We'll begin with the simplest of examples, and work our way towards a more "
"complex configuration.  Even for the most basic case, you're almost certainly "
"going to need to read and modify your web server's configuration."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><note><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:878
msgid ""
"Configuring a web server is a complex, fiddly, and highly system-dependent "
"activity.  I can't possibly give you instructions that will cover anything "
"like all of the cases you will encounter. Please use your discretion and "
"judgment in following the sections below.  Be prepared to make plenty of "
"mistakes, and to spend a lot of time reading your server's error logs."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:888
msgid "Web server configuration checklist"
msgstr "Web 服务器配置检查表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:890
msgid ""
"Before you continue, do take a few moments to check a few aspects of your "
"system's setup."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:894
msgid ""
"Do you have a web server installed at all? Mac OS X ships with Apache, but "
"many other systems may not have a web server installed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:898
msgid ""
"If you have a web server installed, is it actually running? On most systems, "
"even if one is present, it will be disabled by default."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:902
msgid ""
"Is your server configured to allow you to run CGI programs in the directory "
"where you plan to do so? Most servers default to explicitly disabling the "
"ability to run CGI programs."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:908
msgid ""
"If you don't have a web server installed, and don't have substantial "
"experience configuring Apache, you should consider using the "
"<literal>lighttpd</literal> web server instead of Apache.  Apache has a well-"
"deserved reputation for baroque and confusing configuration. While "

"<literal>lighttpd</literal> is undeniably <emphasis>much</emphasis> easier to "
"get started with than Apache."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:921
msgid "Basic CGI configuration"
msgstr "基本 CGI 配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:923
msgid ""
"On Unix-like systems, it's common for users to have a subdirectory named "
"something like <filename class=\"directory\">public_html</filename> in their "
"home directory, from which they can serve up web pages.  A file named "
"<filename>foo</filename> in this directory will be accessible at a URL of the "
"form <literal>http://www.example.com/\\ {</literal>username/foo}."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:932
msgid ""
"To get started, find the <filename role=\"special\">hgweb.cgi</filename> "
"script that should be present in your Mercurial installation.  If you can't "
"quickly find a local copy on your system, simply download one from the master "
"Mercurial repository at <ulink url=\"http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/"
"tip/hgweb.cgi\">http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/tip/hgweb.cgi</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:939 ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1112
msgid ""
"You'll need to copy this script into your <filename class=\"directory"
"\">public_html</filename> directory, and ensure that it's executable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:944
msgid ""
"The <literal>755</literal> argument to <command>chmod</command> is a little "
"more general than just making the script executable: it ensures that the "
"script is executable by anyone, and that <quote>group</quote> and "
"<quote>other</quote> write permissions are <emphasis>not</emphasis> set.  If "

"<literal>suexec</literal> also insists that the <emphasis>directory</"
"emphasis> in which the script resides must not be writable by others."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:958
msgid "What could <emphasis>possibly</emphasis> go wrong?"
msgstr "什么<emphasis>可能</emphasis>会出错?"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:961
msgid ""
"Once you've copied the CGI script into place, go into a web browser, and try "
"to open the URL <ulink url=\"http://myhostname/ myuser/hgweb.cgi\">http://"
"myhostname/ myuser/hgweb.cgi</ulink>, <emphasis>but</emphasis> brace yourself "
"for instant failure.  There's a high probability that trying to visit this "

"system running Fedora 7, with a fresh installation of Apache, and a user "
"account that I created specially to perform this exercise."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:975
msgid ""
"Your web server may have per-user directories disabled.  If you're using "
"Apache, search your config file for a <literal>UserDir</literal> directive.  "
"If there's none present, per-user directories will be disabled.  If one "
"exists, but its value is <literal>disabled</literal>, then per-user "

"your home directory, for example <filename class=\"directory\">public_html</"
"filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:986
msgid ""
"Your file access permissions may be too restrictive.  The web server must be "
"able to traverse your home directory and directories under your <filename "
"class=\"directory\">public_html</filename> directory, and read files under "
"the latter too.  Here's a quick recipe to help you to make your permissions "
"more appropriate."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:996
msgid ""
"The other possibility with permissions is that you might get a completely "
"empty window when you try to load the script.  In this case, it's likely that "
"your access permissions are <emphasis>too permissive</emphasis>.  Apache's "
"<literal>suexec</literal> subsystem won't execute a script that's group- or "
"world-writable, for example."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1003
msgid ""
"Your web server may be configured to disallow execution of CGI programs in "
"your per-user web directory.  Here's Apache's default per-user configuration "
"from my Fedora system."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1014
msgid ""
"If you find a similar-looking <literal>Directory</literal> group in your "
"Apache configuration, the directive to look at inside it is <literal>Options</"
"literal>. Add <literal>ExecCGI</literal> to the end of this list if it's "
"missing, and restart the web server."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1021
msgid ""
"If you find that Apache serves you the text of the CGI script instead of "
"executing it, you may need to either uncomment (if already present) or add a "
"directive like this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1027
msgid ""
"The next possibility is that you might be served with a colourful Python "
"backtrace claiming that it can't import a <literal>mercurial</literal>-"
"related module.  This is actually progress! The server is now capable of "
"executing your CGI script.  This error is only likely to occur if you're "

"\"special\">hgweb.cgi</filename> and follow the directions inside it to "
"correctly set your <envar>PYTHONPATH</envar> environment variable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1041
msgid ""
"Finally, you are <emphasis>certain</emphasis> to by served with another "
"colourful Python backtrace: this one will complain that it can't find "
"<filename class=\"directory\">/path/to/repository</filename>.  Edit your "
"<filename role=\"special\">hgweb.cgi</filename> script and replace the "
"<filename class=\"directory\">/path/to/repository</filename> string with the "
"complete path to the repository you want to serve up."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1051
msgid ""
"At this point, when you try to reload the page, you should be presented with "
"a nice HTML view of your repository's history.  Whew!"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1057
msgid "Configuring lighttpd"
msgstr "配置 lighttpd"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1059
msgid ""
"To be exhaustive in my experiments, I tried configuring the increasingly "
"popular <literal>lighttpd</literal> web server to serve the same repository "
"as I described with Apache above.  I had already overcome all of the problems "
"I outlined with Apache, many of which are not server-specific.  As a result, "
"I was fairly sure that my file and directory permissions were good, and that "
"my <filename role=\"special\">hgweb.cgi</filename> script was properly edited."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1069
msgid ""
"Once I had Apache running, getting <literal>lighttpd</literal> to serve the "
"repository was a snap (in other words, even if you're trying to use "
"<literal>lighttpd</literal>, you should read the Apache section).  I first "
"had to edit the <literal>mod_access</literal> section of its config file to "

"which were disabled by default on my system.  I then added a few lines to the "
"end of the config file, to configure these modules."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1081
msgid ""
"With this done, <literal>lighttpd</literal> ran immediately for me.  If I had "
"configured <literal>lighttpd</literal> before Apache, I'd almost certainly "
"have run into many of the same system-level configuration problems as I did "
"with Apache.  However, I found <literal>lighttpd</literal> to be noticeably "
"easier to configure than Apache, even though I've used Apache for over a "
"decade, and this was my first exposure to <literal>lighttpd</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1094
msgid "Sharing multiple repositories with one CGI script"
msgstr "使用一个 CGI 脚本共享多个版本库"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1096
msgid ""
"The <filename role=\"special\">hgweb.cgi</filename> script only lets you "
"publish a single repository, which is an annoying restriction.  If you want "
"to publish more than one without wracking yourself with multiple copies of "
"the same script, each with different names, a better choice is to use the "
"<filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> script."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1104
msgid ""
"The procedure to configure <filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> "
"is only a little more involved than for <filename role=\"special\">hgweb.cgi</"
"filename>.  First, you must obtain a copy of the script.  If you don't have "
"one handy, you can download a copy from the master Mercurial repository at "
"<ulink url=\"http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/tip/hgwebdir.cgi"
"\">http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/tip/hgwebdir.cgi</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1117
msgid ""
"With basic configuration out of the way, try to visit <ulink url=\"http://"
"myhostname/ myuser/hgwebdir.cgi\">http://myhostname/ myuser/hgwebdir.cgi</"
"ulink> in your browser.  It should display an empty list of repositories.  If "
"you get a blank window or error message, try walking through the list of "
"potential problems in section <xref linkend=\"sec.collab.wtf\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1126
msgid ""
"The <filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> script relies on an "
"external configuration file.  By default, it searches for a file named "
"<filename role=\"special\">hgweb.config</filename> in the same directory as "
"itself.  You'll need to create this file, and make it world-readable.  The "

"understood by Python's <literal>ConfigParser</literal> <citation>web:"
"configparser</citation> module."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1136
msgid ""
"The easiest way to configure <filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</"
"filename> is with a section named <literal>collections</literal>.  This will "
"automatically publish <emphasis>every</emphasis> repository under the "
"directories you name.  The section should look like this:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1144
msgid ""
"Mercurial interprets this by looking at the directory name on the "
"<emphasis>right</emphasis> hand side of the <quote><literal>=</literal></"
"quote> sign; finding repositories in that directory hierarchy; and using the "
"text on the <emphasis>left</emphasis> to strip off matching text from the "

"a path after this stripping has occurred is called a <quote>virtual path</"
"quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1153
msgid ""
"Given the example above, if we have a repository whose local path is "
"<filename class=\"directory\">/my/root/this/repo</filename>, the CGI script "
"will strip the leading <filename class=\"directory\">/my/root</filename> from "
"the name, and publish the repository with a virtual path of <filename class="

"<ulink url=\"http://myhostname/ myuser/hgwebdir.cgi/this/repo\">http://"
"myhostname/ myuser/hgwebdir.cgi/this/repo</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1167
msgid ""
"If we replace <filename class=\"directory\">/my/root</filename> on the left "
"hand side of this example with <filename class=\"directory\">/my</filename>, "
"then <filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> will only strip off "
"<filename class=\"directory\">/my</filename> from the repository name, and "
"will give us a virtual path of <filename class=\"directory\">root/this/repo</"
"filename> instead of <filename class=\"directory\">this/repo</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1177
msgid ""
"The <filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> script will "
"recursively search each directory listed in the <literal>collections</"
"literal> section of its configuration file, but it will <literal>not</"
"literal> recurse into the repositories it finds."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1183
msgid ""
"The <literal>collections</literal> mechanism makes it easy to publish many "
"repositories in a <quote>fire and forget</quote> manner.  You only need to "
"set up the CGI script and configuration file one time.  Afterwards, you can "
"publish or unpublish a repository at any time by simply moving it into, or "
"out of, the directory hierarchy in which you've configured <filename role="
"\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> to look."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1193
msgid "Explicitly specifying which repositories to publish"
msgstr "明确指出要发布的版本库"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1196
msgid ""
"In addition to the <literal>collections</literal> mechanism, the <filename "
"role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> script allows you to publish a "
"specific list of repositories.  To do so, create a <literal>paths</literal> "
"section, with contents of the following form."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1204
msgid ""
"In this case, the virtual path (the component that will appear in a URL) is "
"on the left hand side of each definition, while the path to the repository is "
"on the right.  Notice that there does not need to be any relationship between "
"the virtual path you choose and the location of a repository in your "
"filesystem."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1211
msgid ""
"If you wish, you can use both the <literal>collections</literal> and "
"<literal>paths</literal> mechanisms simultaneously in a single configuration "
"file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><note><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1217
msgid ""
"If multiple repositories have the same virtual path, <filename role=\"special"
"\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> will not report an error.  Instead, it will behave "
"unpredictably."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1226
msgid "Downloading source archives"
msgstr "下载源代码档案包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1228
msgid ""
"Mercurial's web interface lets users download an archive of any revision.  "
"This archive will contain a snapshot of the working directory as of that "
"revision, but it will not contain a copy of the repository data."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1233
msgid ""
"By default, this feature is not enabled.  To enable it, you'll need to add an "
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">allow_archive</envar> item to the <literal role="
"\"rc-web\">web</literal> section of your <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</"
"filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1241
msgid "Web configuration options"
msgstr "Web 配置选项"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1243
msgid ""
"Mercurial's web interfaces (the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> "
"command, and the <filename role=\"special\">hgweb.cgi</filename> and "
"<filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> scripts) have a number of "
"configuration options that you can set.  These belong in a section named "
"<literal role=\"rc-web\">web</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1251
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">allow_archive</envar>: Determines which (if any) "
"archive download mechanisms Mercurial supports.  If you enable this feature, "
"users of the web interface will be able to download an archive of whatever "
"revision of a repository they are viewing. To enable the archive feature, "
"this item must take the form of a sequence of words drawn from the list below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1260
msgid ""
"<literal>bz2</literal>: A <command>tar</command> archive, compressed using "
"<literal>bzip2</literal> compression.  This has the best compression ratio, "
"but uses the most CPU time on the server."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1266
msgid ""
"<literal>gz</literal>: A <command>tar</command> archive, compressed using "
"<literal>gzip</literal> compression."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1270
msgid ""
"<literal>zip</literal>: A <command>zip</command> archive, compressed using "
"LZW compression.  This format has the worst compression ratio, but is widely "
"used in the Windows world."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1276
msgid ""
"If you provide an empty list, or don't have an <envar role=\"rc-item-web"
"\">allow_archive</envar> entry at all, this feature will be disabled.  Here "
"is an example of how to enable all three supported formats."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1283
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">allowpull</envar>: Boolean.  Determines whether "
"the web interface allows remote users to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</"
"command> and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg clone</command> this repository over "
"HTTP.  If set to <literal>no</literal> or <literal>false</literal>, only the "
"<quote>human-oriented</quote> portion of the web interface is available."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1292
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">contact</envar>: String.  A free-form (but "
"preferably brief) string identifying the person or group in charge of the "
"repository.  This often contains the name and email address of a person or "
"mailing list.  It often makes sense to place this entry in a repository's own "

"use in a global <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>\\ if every "
"repository has a single maintainer."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1303
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">maxchanges</envar>: Integer.  The default maximum "
"number of changesets to display in a single page of output."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1307
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">maxfiles</envar>: Integer.  The default maximum "
"number of modified files to display in a single page of output."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1311
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">stripes</envar>: Integer.  If the web interface "
"displays alternating <quote>stripes</quote> to make it easier to visually "
"align rows when you are looking at a table, this number controls the number "
"of rows in each stripe."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1317
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">style</envar>: Controls the template Mercurial "
"uses to display the web interface.  Mercurial ships with two web templates, "
"named <literal>default</literal> and <literal>gitweb</literal> (the latter is "
"much more visually attractive).  You can also specify a custom template of "
"your own; see chapter <xref linkend=\"chap.template\"/> for details.  Here, "
"you can see how to enable the <literal>gitweb</literal> style."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1328
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">templates</envar>: Path.  The directory in which "
"to search for template files.  By default, Mercurial searches in the "
"directory in which it was installed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1333
msgid ""
"If you are using <filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename>, you can "
"place a few configuration items in a <literal role=\"rc-web\">web</literal> "
"section of the <filename role=\"special\">hgweb.config</filename> file "
"instead of a <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>\\ file, for "
"convenience.  These items are <envar role=\"rc-item-web\">motd</envar> and "
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">style</envar>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1344
msgid "Options specific to an individual repository"
msgstr "针对单个版本库的选项"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1346
msgid ""
"A few <literal role=\"rc-web\">web</literal> configuration items ought to be "
"placed in a repository's local <filename role=\"special\">.hg/hgrc</"
"filename>, rather than a user's or global <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</"
"filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1352
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">description</envar>: String.  A free-form (but "
"preferably brief) string that describes the contents or purpose of the "
"repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1357
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">name</envar>: String.  The name to use for the "
"repository in the web interface.  This overrides the default name, which is "
"the last component of the repository's path."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1365
msgid ""
"Options specific to the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> command"
msgstr "命令 <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> 的选项"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1368
msgid ""
"Some of the items in the <literal role=\"rc-web\">web</literal> section of a "
"<filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>\\ file are only for use with "
"the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1374
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">accesslog</envar>: Path.  The name of a file into "
"which to write an access log.  By default, the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"serve</command> command writes this information to standard output, not to a "
"file.  Log entries are written in the standard <quote>combined</quote> file "
"format used by almost all web servers."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1382
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">address</envar>: String.  The local address on "
"which the server should listen for incoming connections.  By default, the "
"server listens on all addresses."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1387
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">errorlog</envar>: Path.  The name of a file into "
"which to write an error log.  By default, the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"serve</command> command writes this information to standard error, not to a "
"file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1393
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">ipv6</envar>: Boolean.  Whether to use the IPv6 "
"protocol. By default, IPv6 is not used."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1397
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">port</envar>: Integer.  The TCP port number on "
"which the server should listen.  The default port number used is 8000."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1404
msgid ""
"Choosing the right <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>\\ file to "
"add <literal role=\"rc-web\">web</literal> items to"
msgstr ""
"选择正确的 <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename> 文件增加到 <literal "
"role=\"rc-web\">web</literal> 条目"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1408
msgid ""
"It is important to remember that a web server like Apache or "
"<literal>lighttpd</literal> will run under a user ID that is different to "
"yours. CGI scripts run by your server, such as <filename role=\"special"
"\">hgweb.cgi</filename>, will usually also run under that user ID."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1415
msgid ""
"If you add <literal role=\"rc-web\">web</literal> items to your own personal "
"<filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>\\ file, CGI scripts won't read "
"that <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>\\ file.  Those settings "
"will thus only affect the behaviour of the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</"

"longer present.  Taking a look at the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"log</command> gives us an idea of what the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"backout</command> command has done.  &interaction.backout.simple.log; Notice "
"that the new changeset that <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> has "
"created is a child of the changeset we backed out.  It's easier to see this "
"in figure <xref endterm=\"fig.undo.backout.caption\" linkend=\"fig.undo."
"backout\"/>, which presents a graphical view of the change history.  As you "
"can see, the history is nice and linear."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:364
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/undo-simple.png\"/> </imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:367 ../en/ch09-undo.xml:486
msgid ""
"Backing out a change using the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> "
"command"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:376
msgid "Backing out a non-tip change"
msgstr "恢复非顶点的修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:378
msgid ""
"If you want to back out a change other than the last one you committed, pass "
"the <option role=\"hg-opt-backout\">--merge</option> option to the <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:385
msgid ""
"This makes backing out any changeset a <quote>one-shot</quote> operation "
"that's usually simple and fast."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:391
msgid ""
"If you take a look at the contents of <filename>myfile</filename> after the "
"backout finishes, you'll see that the first and third changes are present, "
"but not the second."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:398
msgid ""
"As the graphical history in figure <xref endterm=\"fig.undo.backout-non-tip."
"caption\" linkend=\"fig.undo.backout-non-tip\"/> illustrates, Mercurial "
"actually commits <emphasis>two</emphasis> changes in this kind of situation "
"(the box-shaped nodes are the ones that Mercurial commits automatically).  "
"Before Mercurial begins the backout process, it first remembers what the "
"current parent of the working directory is.  It then backs out the target "
"changeset, and commits that as a changeset.  Finally, it merges back to the "
"previous parent of the working directory, and commits the result of the merge."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:410
msgid ""
"% TODO: to me it looks like mercurial doesn't commit the second merge "
"automatically!"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:415
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/undo-non-tip.png\"/> </imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:418
msgid ""
"Automated backout of a non-tip change using the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"backout</command> command"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:424
msgid ""
"The result is that you end up <quote>back where you were</quote>, only with "
"some extra history that undoes the effect of the changeset you wanted to back "
"out."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:429
msgid "Always use the <option role=\"hg-opt-backout\">--merge</option> option"
msgstr "始终使用选项 <option role=\"hg-opt-backout\">--merge</option>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:432
msgid ""
"In fact, since the <option role=\"hg-opt-backout\">--merge</option> option "
"will do the <quote>right thing</quote> whether or not the changeset you're "
"backing out is the tip (i.e. it won't try to merge if it's backing out the "
"tip, since there's no need), you should <emphasis>always</emphasis> use this "
"option when you run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:443
msgid "Gaining more control of the backout process"
msgstr "在恢复处理中获得更多控制"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:445
msgid ""
"While I've recommended that you always use the <option role=\"hg-opt-backout"
"\">--merge</option> option when backing out a change, the <command role=\"hg-"
"cmd\">hg backout</command> command lets you decide how to merge a backout "
"changeset.  Taking control of the backout process by hand is something you "

"To illustrate this, let's clone our first repository, but omit the backout "
"change that it contains."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:458
msgid ""
"As with our earlier example, We'll commit a third changeset, then back out "
"its parent, and see what happens."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:464
msgid ""
"Our new changeset is again a descendant of the changeset we backout out; it's "
"thus a new head, <emphasis>not</emphasis> a descendant of the changeset that "
"was the tip.  The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command was "
"quite explicit in telling us this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:472
msgid ""
"Again, it's easier to see what has happened by looking at a graph of the "
"revision history, in figure <xref endterm=\"fig.undo.backout-manual.caption\" "
"linkend=\"fig.undo.backout-manual\"/>.  This makes it clear that when we use "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> to back out a change other than "
"the tip, Mercurial adds a new head to the repository (the change it committed "
"is box-shaped)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:483
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/undo-manual.png\"/> </imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:492
msgid ""
"After the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command has "
"completed, it leaves the new <quote>backout</quote> changeset as the parent "
"of the working directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:499
msgid "Now we have two isolated sets of changes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:503
msgid ""
"Let's think about what we expect to see as the contents of <filename>myfile</"
"filename> now.  The first change should be present, because we've never "
"backed it out.  The second change should be missing, as that's the change we "
"backed out.  Since the history graph shows the third change as a separate "
"head, we <emphasis>don't</emphasis> expect to see the third change present in "
"<filename>myfile</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:513
msgid ""
"To get the third change back into the file, we just do a normal merge of our "
"two heads."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:518
msgid ""
"Afterwards, the graphical history of our repository looks like figure <xref "
"endterm=\"fig.undo.backout-manual-merge.caption\" linkend=\"fig.undo.backout-"
"manual-merge\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:525
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/undo-manual-merge.png\"/> </"
"imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:528
msgid "Manually merging a backout change"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:535
msgid "Why <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> works as it does"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> 的内幕"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:538
msgid ""
"Here's a brief description of how the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</"
"command> command works."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:541
msgid ""
"It ensures that the working directory is <quote>clean</quote>, i.e. that the "
"output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> would be empty."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:545
msgid ""
"It remembers the current parent of the working directory.  Let's call this "
"changeset <literal>orig</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:549
msgid ""
"It does the equivalent of a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> to "
"sync the working directory to the changeset you want to back out.  Let's call "
"this changeset <literal>backout</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:554
msgid ""
"It finds the parent of that changeset.  Let's call that changeset "
"<literal>parent</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:557
msgid ""
"For each file that the <literal>backout</literal> changeset affected, it does "
"the equivalent of a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg revert -r parent</command> on "
"that file, to restore it to the contents it had before that changeset was "
"committed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:564
msgid ""
"It commits the result as a new changeset.  This changeset has "
"<literal>backout</literal> as its parent."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:568
msgid ""
"If you specify <option role=\"hg-opt-backout\">--merge</option> on the "
"command line, it merges with <literal>orig</literal>, and commits the result "
"of the merge."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:574
msgid ""
"An alternative way to implement the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</"
"command> command would be to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg export</command> the "
"to-be-backed-out changeset as a diff, then use the <option role=\"cmd-opt-"
"patch\">--reverse</option> option to the <command>patch</command> command to "
"reverse the effect of the change without fiddling with the working "
"directory.  This sounds much simpler, but it would not work nearly as well."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:584
msgid ""
"The reason that <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> does an update, "
"a commit, a merge, and another commit is to give the merge machinery the best "
"chance to do a good job when dealing with all the changes <emphasis>between</"
"emphasis> the change you're backing out and the current tip."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:591
msgid ""
"If you're backing out a changeset that's 100 revisions back in your project's "
"history, the chances that the <command>patch</command> command will be able "
"to apply a reverse diff cleanly are not good, because intervening changes are "
"likely to have <quote>broken the context</quote> that <command>patch</"

"modifications to binary files, none of which <command>patch</command> can "
"deal with."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:608
msgid "Changes that should never have been"
msgstr "不该发生的修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:610
msgid ""
"Most of the time, the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command "
"is exactly what you need if you want to undo the effects of a change.  It "
"leaves a permanent record of exactly what you did, both when committing the "
"original changeset and when you cleaned up after it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:616
msgid ""
"On rare occasions, though, you may find that you've committed a change that "
"really should not be present in the repository at all.  For example, it would "
"be very unusual, and usually considered a mistake, to commit a software "
"project's object files as well as its source files.  Object files have almost "

"the size of the repository and the amount of time it takes to clone or pull "
"changes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:625
msgid ""
"Before I discuss the options that you have if you commit a <quote>brown paper "
"bag</quote> change (the kind that's so bad that you want to pull a brown "
"paper bag over your head), let me first discuss some approaches that probably "
"won't work."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:630
msgid ""
"Since Mercurial treats history as accumulative&emdash;every change builds on "
"top of all changes that preceded it&emdash;you generally can't just make "
"disastrous changes disappear.  The one exception is when you've just "
"committed a change, and it hasn't been pushed or pulled into another "

"rollback</command> command, as I detailed in section <xref linkend=\"sec.undo."
"rollback\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:639
msgid ""
"After you've pushed a bad change to another repository, you <emphasis>could</"
"emphasis> still use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rollback</command> to make "
"your local copy of the change disappear, but it won't have the consequences "
"you want.  The change will still be present in the remote repository, so it "
"will reappear in your local repository the next time you pull."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:647
msgid ""
"If a situation like this arises, and you know which repositories your bad "
"change has propagated into, you can <emphasis>try</emphasis> to get rid of "
"the changeefrom <emphasis>every</emphasis> one of those repositories.  This "
"is, of course, not a satisfactory solution: if you miss even a single "
"repository while you're expunging, the change is still <quote>in the wild</"
"quote>, and could propagate further."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:655
msgid ""
"If you've committed one or more changes <emphasis>after</emphasis> the change "
"that you'd like to see disappear, your options are further reduced. Mercurial "
"doesn't provide a way to <quote>punch a hole</quote> in history, leaving "
"changesets intact."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:661
msgid ""
"XXX This needs filling out.  The <literal>hg-replay</literal> script in the "
"<literal>examples</literal> directory works, but doesn't handle merge "
"changesets.  Kind of an important omission."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:667
msgid "Protect yourself from <quote>escaped</quote> changes"
msgstr "使用<quote>校验</quote>修改来保护你自己"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:670
msgid ""
"If you've committed some changes to your local repository and they've been "
"pushed or pulled somewhere else, this isn't necessarily a disaster.  You can "
"protect yourself ahead of time against some classes of bad changeset.  This "
"is particularly easy if your team usually pulls changes from a central "
"repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:677
msgid ""
"By configuring some hooks on that repository to validate incoming changesets "
"(see chapter <xref linkend=\"chap.hook\"/>), you can automatically prevent "
"some kinds of bad changeset from being pushed to the central repository at "
"all.  With such a configuration in place, some kinds of bad changeset will "

"the central repository.  Better yet, this happens without any need for "
"explicit intervention."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:687
msgid ""
"For instance, an incoming change hook that verifies that a changeset will "
"actually compile can prevent people from inadvertantly <quote>breaking the "
"build</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:694
msgid "Finding the source of a bug"
msgstr "查找问题的根源"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:696
msgid ""
"While it's all very well to be able to back out a changeset that introduced a "
"bug, this requires that you know which changeset to back out.  Mercurial "
"provides an invaluable command, called <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</"
"command>, that helps you to automate this process and accomplish it very "
"efficiently."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:703
msgid ""
"The idea behind the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command is "
"that a changeset has introduced some change of behaviour that you can "
"identify with a simple binary test.  You don't know which piece of code "
"introduced the change, but you know how to test for the presence of the bug.  "

"direct its search for the changeset that introduced the code that caused the "
"bug."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:712
msgid ""
"Here are a few scenarios to help you understand how you might apply this "
"command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:715
msgid ""
"The most recent version of your software has a bug that you remember wasn't "
"present a few weeks ago, but you don't know when it was introduced.  Here, "
"your binary test checks for the presence of that bug."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:720
msgid ""
"You fixed a bug in a rush, and now it's time to close the entry in your "
"team's bug database.  The bug database requires a changeset ID when you close "
"an entry, but you don't remember which changeset you fixed the bug in.  Once "
"again, your binary test checks for the presence of the bug."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:727
msgid ""
"Your software works correctly, but runs 15% slower than the last time you "
"measured it.  You want to know which changeset introduced the performance "
"regression.  In this case, your binary test measures the performance of your "
"software, to see whether it's <quote>fast</quote> or <quote>slow</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:734
msgid ""
"The sizes of the components of your project that you ship exploded recently, "
"and you suspect that something changed in the way you build your project."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:739
msgid ""
"From these examples, it should be clear that the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"bisect</command> command is not useful only for finding the sources of bugs.  "
"You can use it to find any <quote>emergent property</quote> of a repository "
"(anything that you can't find from a simple text search of the files in the "
"tree) for which you can write a binary test."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:746
msgid ""
"We'll introduce a little bit of terminology here, just to make it clear which "
"parts of the search process are your responsibility, and which are "
"Mercurial's.  A <emphasis>test</emphasis> is something that <emphasis>you</"
"emphasis> run when <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> chooses a "

"the phrase <quote>search using the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</"
"command> command</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:759
msgid ""
"One simple way to automate the searching process would be simply to probe "
"every changeset.  However, this scales poorly.  If it took ten minutes to "
"test a single changeset, and you had 10,000 changesets in your repository, "
"the exhaustive approach would take on average 35 <emphasis>days</emphasis> to "

"those, you'd still be looking at over 40 hours to find the changeset that "
"introduced your bug."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:769
msgid ""
"What the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command does is use its "
"knowledge of the <quote>shape</quote> of your project's revision history to "
"perform a search in time proportional to the <emphasis>logarithm</emphasis> "
"of the number of changesets to check (the kind of search it performs is "

"search will require about 14 tests).  Limit your search to the last hundred "
"changesets, and it will take only about an hour (roughly seven tests)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:780
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command is aware of the "
"<quote>branchy</quote> nature of a Mercurial project's revision history, so "
"it has no problems dealing with branches, merges, or multiple heads in a "
"repository.  It can prune entire branches of history with a single probe, "
"which is how it operates so efficiently."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:788
msgid "Using the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command"
msgstr "使用命令 <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:791
msgid ""
"Here's an example of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> in action."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:795
msgid ""
"In versions 0.9.5 and earlier of Mercurial, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"bisect</command> was not a core command: it was distributed with Mercurial as "
"an extension. This section describes the built-in command, not the old "
"extension."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:802
msgid ""
"Now let's create a repository, so that we can try out the <command role=\"hg-"
"cmd\">hg bisect</command> command in isolation."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:808
msgid ""
"We'll simulate a project that has a bug in it in a simple-minded way: create "
"trivial changes in a loop, and nominate one specific change that will have "
"the <quote>bug</quote>.  This loop creates 35 changesets, each adding a "
"single file to the repository. We'll represent our <quote>bug</quote> with a "
"file that contains the text <quote>i have a gub</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:818
msgid ""
"The next thing that we'd like to do is figure out how to use the <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command.  We can use Mercurial's normal "
"built-in help mechanism for this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:825
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command works in steps.  "
"Each step proceeds as follows."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:828
msgid "You run your binary test."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:830
msgid ""
"If the test succeeded, you tell <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> "
"by running the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect good</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:835
msgid ""
"If it failed, run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect bad</command> "
"command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:839
msgid ""
"The command uses your information to decide which changeset to test next."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:842
msgid ""
"It updates the working directory to that changeset, and the process begins "
"again."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:845
msgid ""
"The process ends when <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> identifies "
"a unique changeset that marks the point where your test transitioned from "
"<quote>succeeding</quote> to <quote>failing</quote>."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:850
msgid ""
"To start the search, we must run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect --"
"reset</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:855
msgid ""
"In our case, the binary test we use is simple: we check to see if any file in "
"the repository contains the string <quote>i have a gub</quote>.  If it does, "
"this changeset contains the change that <quote>caused the bug</quote>.  By "
"convention, a changeset that has the property we're searching for is "
"<quote>bad</quote>, while one that doesn't is <quote>good</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:863
msgid ""
"Most of the time, the revision to which the working directory is synced "
"(usually the tip) already exhibits the problem introduced by the buggy "
"change, so we'll mark it as <quote>bad</quote>."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:870
msgid ""
"Our next task is to nominate a changeset that we know <emphasis>doesn't</"
"emphasis> have the bug; the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> "
"command will <quote>bracket</quote> its search between the first pair of good "
"and bad changesets.  In our case, we know that revision 10 didn't have the "
"bug.  (I'll have more words about choosing the first <quote>good</quote> "
"changeset later.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:880
msgid "Notice that this command printed some output."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:882
msgid ""
"It told us how many changesets it must consider before it can identify the "
"one that introduced the bug, and how many tests that will require."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:886
msgid ""
"It updated the working directory to the next changeset to test, and told us "
"which changeset it's testing."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:891
msgid ""
"We now run our test in the working directory.  We use the <command>grep</"
"command> command to see if our <quote>bad</quote> file is present in the "
"working directory.  If it is, this revision is bad; if not, this revision is "
"good.  &interaction.bisect.search.step1;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:897
msgid ""
"This test looks like a perfect candidate for automation, so let's turn it "
"into a shell function."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:901
msgid ""
"We can now run an entire test step with a single command, <literal>mytest</"
"literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:906
msgid "A few more invocations of our canned test step command, and we're done."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:911
msgid ""
"Even though we had 40 changesets to search through, the <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg bisect</command> command let us find the changeset that introduced our "
"<quote>bug</quote> with only five tests.  Because the number of tests that "
"the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command performs grows "

"it has over the <quote>brute force</quote> search approach increases with "
"every changeset you add."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:922
msgid "Cleaning up after your search"
msgstr "搜索后的清理"

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:924
msgid ""
"When you're finished using the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> "
"command in a repository, you can use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect "
"reset</command> command to drop the information it was using to drive your "
"search.  The command doesn't use much space, so it doesn't matter if you "

"command> won't let you start a new search in that repository until you do a "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect reset</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:939
msgid "Tips for finding bugs effectively"
msgstr "有效查找问题的技巧"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:942
msgid "Give consistent input"
msgstr "给出一致的输入"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:944
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command requires that you "
"correctly report the result of every test you perform.  If you tell it that a "
"test failed when it really succeeded, it <emphasis>might</emphasis> be able "
"to detect the inconsistency.  If it can identify an inconsistency in your "

"However, it can't do this perfectly; it's about as likely to report the wrong "
"changeset as the source of the bug."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:956
msgid "Automate as much as possible"
msgstr "尽量自动"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:958
msgid ""
"When I started using the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> "
"command, I tried a few times to run my tests by hand, on the command line.  "
"This is an approach that I, at least, am not suited to.  After a few tries, I "
"found that I was making enough mistakes that I was having to restart my "
"searches several times before finally getting correct results."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:966
msgid ""
"My initial problems with driving the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</"
"command> command by hand occurred even with simple searches on small "
"repositories; if the problem you're looking for is more subtle, or the number "
"of tests that <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> must perform "
"increases, the likelihood of operator error ruining the search is much "
"higher.  Once I started automating my tests, I had much better results."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:975
msgid "The key to automated testing is twofold:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:977
msgid "always test for the same symptom, and"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:979
msgid ""
"always feed consistent input to the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</"
"command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:982
msgid ""
"In my tutorial example above, the <command>grep</command> command tests for "
"the symptom, and the <literal>if</literal> statement takes the result of this "
"check and ensures that we always feed the same input to the <command role="
"\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command.  The <literal>mytest</literal> "
"function marries these together in a reproducible way, so that every test is "
"uniform and consistent."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:992
msgid "Check your results"
msgstr "检查你的结果"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:994
msgid ""
"Because the output of a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> search "
"is only as good as the input you give it, don't take the changeset it reports "
"as the absolute truth.  A simple way to cross-check its report is to manually "
"run your test at each of the following changesets:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1000
msgid ""
"The changeset that it reports as the first bad revision.  Your test should "
"still report this as bad."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1004
msgid ""
"The parent of that changeset (either parent, if it's a merge). Your test "
"should report this changeset as good."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1008
msgid ""
"A child of that changeset.  Your test should report this changeset as bad."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1014
msgid "Beware interference between bugs"
msgstr "谨防问题之间的冲突"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1016
msgid ""
"It's possible that your search for one bug could be disrupted by the presence "
"of another.  For example, let's say your software crashes at revision 100, "
"and worked correctly at revision 50.  Unknown to you, someone else introduced "
"a different crashing bug at revision 60, and fixed it at revision 80.  This "
"could distort your results in one of several ways."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1024
msgid ""
"It is possible that this other bug completely <quote>masks</quote> yours, "
"which is to say that it occurs before your bug has a chance to manifest "
"itself.  If you can't avoid that other bug (for example, it prevents your "
"project from building), and so can't tell whether your bug is present in a "

"command cannot help you directly.  Instead, you can mark a changeset as "
"untested by running <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect --skip</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1034
msgid ""
"A different problem could arise if your test for a bug's presence is not "
"specific enough.  If you check for <quote>my program crashes</quote>, then "
"both your crashing bug and an unrelated crashing bug that masks it will look "
"like the same thing, and mislead <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1041
msgid ""
"Another useful situation in which to use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect --"
"skip</command> is if you can't test a revision because your project was in a "
"broken and hence untestable state at that revision, perhaps because someone "
"checked in a change that prevented the project from building."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1050
msgid "Bracket your search lazily"
msgstr "减少你的查找工作"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1052
msgid ""
"Choosing the first <quote>good</quote> and <quote>bad</quote> changesets that "
"will mark the end points of your search is often easy, but it bears a little "
"discussion nevertheless.  From the perspective of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"bisect</command>, the <quote>newest</quote> changeset is conventionally "
"<quote>bad</quote>, and the older changeset is <quote>good</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1060
msgid ""
"If you're having trouble remembering when a suitable <quote>good</quote> "
"change was, so that you can tell <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</"
"command>, you could do worse than testing changesets at random.  Just "
"remember to eliminate contenders that can't possibly exhibit the bug (perhaps "
"because the feature with the bug isn't present yet) and those where another "
"problem masks the bug (as I discussed above)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1069
msgid ""
"Even if you end up <quote>early</quote> by thousands of changesets or months "
"of history, you will only add a handful of tests to the total number that "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> must perform, thanks to its "
"logarithmic behaviour."

"repository, and the effects of the patch and changeset are visible in the "
"working directory.  You can undo the application of a patch using the "
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command> command.  MQ still <emphasis>knows "
"about</emphasis>, or manages, a popped patch, but the patch no longer has a "
"corresponding changeset in the repository, and the working directory does not "
"contain the changes made by the patch.  Figure <xref endterm=\"fig.mq.stack."
"caption\" linkend=\"fig.mq.stack\"/> illustrates the difference between "
"applied and tracked patches."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:408
msgid "<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/mq-stack.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:410
msgid "Applied and unapplied patches in the MQ patch stack"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:415
msgid ""
"You can reapply an unapplied, or popped, patch using the <command role=\"hg-"
"ext-mq\">qpush</command> command.  This creates a new changeset to correspond "
"to the patch, and the patch's changes once again become present in the "
"working directory.  See below for examples of <command role=\"hg-ext-mq"
"\">qpop</command> and <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> in action."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:424
msgid ""
"Notice that once we have popped a patch or two patches, the output of "
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qseries</command> remains the same, while that of "
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qapplied</command> has changed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:432
msgid "Pushing and popping many patches"
msgstr "压入或弹出多个补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:434
msgid ""
"While <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> and <command role=\"hg-ext-"
"mq\">qpop</command> each operate on a single patch at a time by default, you "
"can push and pop many patches in one go.  The <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-"
"qpush-opt\">hg -a</option> option to <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</"

"command> causes it to pop all applied patches.  (For some more ways to push "
"and pop many patches, see section <xref linkend=\"sec.mq.perf\"/> below.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:451
msgid "Safety checks, and overriding them"
msgstr "安全的检查，然后覆盖它们"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:453
msgid ""
"Several MQ commands check the working directory before they do anything, and "
"fail if they find any modifications.  They do this to ensure that you won't "
"lose any changes that you have made, but not yet incorporated into a patch.  "
"The example below illustrates this; the <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnew</"

"changes, caused in this case by the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command> "
"of <filename>file3</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:465
msgid ""
"Commands that check the working directory all take an <quote>I know what I'm "
"doing</quote> option, which is always named <option>-f</option>.  The exact "
"meaning of <option>-f</option> depends on the command.  For example, <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qnew <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qnew-opt\">hg -f</"

"affected by the patch that it is popping.  Be sure to read the documentation "
"for a command's <option>-f</option> option before you use it!"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:480
msgid "Working on several patches at once"
msgstr "同时处理多个补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:482
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command> command always refreshes "
"the <emphasis>topmost</emphasis> applied patch.  This means that you can "
"suspend work on one patch (by refreshing it), pop or push to make a different "
"patch the top, and work on <emphasis>that</emphasis> patch for a while."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:489
msgid ""
"Here's an example that illustrates how you can use this ability. Let's say "
"you're developing a new feature as two patches.  The first is a change to the "
"core of your software, and the second&emdash;layered on top of the "
"first&emdash;changes the user interface to use the code you just added to the "

"role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> back to the UI patch to continue where you "
"left off."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:506
msgid "More about patches"
msgstr "关于补丁的更多信息"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:508
msgid ""
"MQ uses the GNU <command>patch</command> command to apply patches, so it's "
"helpful to know a few more detailed aspects of how <command>patch</command> "
"works, and about patches themselves."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:514
msgid "The strip count"
msgstr "修剪计数"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:516
msgid ""
"If you look at the file headers in a patch, you will notice that the "
"pathnames usually have an extra component on the front that isn't present in "
"the actual path name.  This is a holdover from the way that people used to "
"generate patches (people still do this, but it's somewhat rare with modern "
"revision control tools)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:523
msgid ""
"Alice would unpack a tarball, edit her files, then decide that she wanted to "
"create a patch.  So she'd rename her working directory, unpack the tarball "
"again (hence the need for the rename), and use the <option role=\"cmd-opt-diff"
"\">-r</option> and <option role=\"cmd-opt-diff\">-N</option> options to "

"every file header, and the name of the modified directory would be at the "
"front of the right-hand path."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:536
msgid ""
"Since someone receiving a patch from the Alices of the net would be unlikely "
"to have unmodified and modified directories with exactly the same names, the "
"<command>patch</command> command has a <option role=\"cmd-opt-patch\">-p</"
"option> option that indicates the number of leading path name components to "
"strip when trying to apply a patch.  This number is called the "
"<emphasis>strip count</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:544
msgid ""
"An option of <quote><literal>-p1</literal></quote> means <quote>use a strip "
"count of one</quote>.  If <command>patch</command> sees a file name "
"<filename>foo/bar/baz</filename> in a file header, it will strip "
"<filename>foo</filename> and try to patch a file named <filename>bar/baz</"

"<filename>bar</filename>, but <filename>/foo/bar</filename> (notice the extra "
"leading slash) into <filename>foo/bar</filename>.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:557
msgid ""
"The <quote>standard</quote> strip count for patches is one; almost all "
"patches contain one leading path name component that needs to be stripped. "
"Mercurial's <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> command generates path "
"names in this form, and the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg import</command> "
"command and MQ expect patches to have a strip count of one."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:565
msgid ""
"If you receive a patch from someone that you want to add to your patch queue, "
"and the patch needs a strip count other than one, you cannot just <command "
"role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qimport</command> the patch, because <command role=\"hg-"
"ext-mq\">qimport</command> does not yet have a <literal>-p</literal> option "

"unnecessary; see <ulink role=\"hg-bug\" url=\"http://www.selenic.com/"
"mercurial/bts/issue311\">issue 311</ulink> for details."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:584
msgid "Strategies for applying a patch"
msgstr "应用补丁的策略"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:586
msgid ""
"When <command>patch</command> applies a hunk, it tries a handful of "
"successively less accurate strategies to try to make the hunk apply. This "
"falling-back technique often makes it possible to take a patch that was "
"generated against an old version of a file, and apply it against a newer "
"version of that file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:593
msgid ""
"First, <command>patch</command> tries an exact match, where the line numbers, "
"the context, and the text to be modified must apply exactly.  If it cannot "
"make an exact match, it tries to find an exact match for the context, without "
"honouring the line numbering information.  If this succeeds, it prints a line "
"of output saying that the hunk was applied, but at some <emphasis>offset</"
"emphasis> from the original line number."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:602
msgid ""
"If a context-only match fails, <command>patch</command> removes the first and "
"last lines of the context, and tries a <emphasis>reduced</emphasis> context-"
"only match.  If the hunk with reduced context succeeds, it prints a message "
"saying that it applied the hunk with a <emphasis>fuzz factor</emphasis> (the "
"number after the fuzz factor indicates how many lines of context "
"<command>patch</command> had to trim before the patch applied)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:611
msgid ""
"When neither of these techniques works, <command>patch</command> prints a "
"message saying that the hunk in question was rejected.  It saves rejected "
"hunks (also simply called <quote>rejects</quote>) to a file with the same "
"name, and an added <filename role=\"special\">.rej</filename> extension.  It "

"hunk, and <filename>foo</filename>, containing the changes made by the five "
"successful hunks."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:629
msgid "Some quirks of patch representation"
msgstr "补丁的一些特性"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:631
msgid ""
"There are a few useful things to know about how <command>patch</command> "
"works with files."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:634
msgid ""
"This should already be obvious, but <command>patch</command> cannot handle "
"binary files."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:638
msgid ""
"Neither does it care about the executable bit; it creates new files as "
"readable, but not executable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:642
msgid ""
"<command>patch</command> treats the removal of a file as a diff between the "
"file to be removed and the empty file.  So your idea of <quote>I deleted this "
"file</quote> looks like <quote>every line of this file was deleted</quote> in "
"a patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:648
msgid ""
"It treats the addition of a file as a diff between the empty file and the "
"file to be added.  So in a patch, your idea of <quote>I added this file</"
"quote> looks like <quote>every line of this file was added</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:654
msgid ""
"It treats a renamed file as the removal of the old name, and the addition of "
"the new name.  This means that renamed files have a big footprint in "
"patches.  (Note also that Mercurial does not currently try to infer when "
"files have been renamed or copied in a patch.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:660
msgid ""
"<command>patch</command> cannot represent empty files, so you cannot use a "
"patch to represent the notion <quote>I added this empty file to the tree</"
"quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:667
msgid "Beware the fuzz"
msgstr "当心毛刺"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:669
msgid ""
"While applying a hunk at an offset, or with a fuzz factor, will often be "
"completely successful, these inexact techniques naturally leave open the "
"possibility of corrupting the patched file.  The most common cases typically "
"involve applying a patch twice, or at an incorrect location in the file.  If "

"mentions an offset or fuzz factor, you should make sure that the modified "
"files are correct afterwards."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:679
msgid ""
"It's often a good idea to refresh a patch that has applied with an offset or "
"fuzz factor; refreshing the patch generates new context information that will "
"make it apply cleanly.  I say <quote>often,</quote> not <quote>always,</"
"quote> because sometimes refreshing a patch will make it fail to apply "

"a source tree, it's acceptable to have a patch apply with some fuzz, provided "
"you've verified the results of the patching process in such cases."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:692
msgid "Handling rejection"
msgstr "处理拒绝"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:694
msgid ""
"If <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> fails to apply a patch, it "
"will print an error message and exit.  If it has left <filename role=\"special"
"\">.rej</filename> files behind, it is usually best to fix up the rejected "
"hunks before you push more patches or do any further work."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:700
msgid ""
"If your patch <emphasis>used to</emphasis> apply cleanly, and no longer does "
"because you've changed the underlying code that your patches are based on, "
"Mercurial Queues can help; see section <xref linkend=\"sec.mq.merge\"/> for "
"details."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:706
msgid ""
"Unfortunately, there aren't any great techniques for dealing with rejected "
"hunks.  Most often, you'll need to view the <filename role=\"special\">.rej</"
"filename> file and edit the target file, applying the rejected hunks by hand."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:711
msgid ""
"If you're feeling adventurous, Neil Brown, a Linux kernel hacker, wrote a "
"tool called <command>wiggle</command> <citation>web:wiggle</citation>, which "
"is more vigorous than <command>patch</command> in its attempts to make a "
"patch apply."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:717
msgid ""
"Another Linux kernel hacker, Chris Mason (the author of Mercurial Queues), "
"wrote a similar tool called <command>mpatch</command> <citation>web:mpatch</"
"citation>, which takes a simple approach to automating the application of "
"hunks rejected by <command>patch</command>.  The <command>mpatch</command> "
"command can help with four common reasons that a hunk may be rejected:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:726
msgid "The context in the middle of a hunk has changed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:729
msgid "A hunk is missing some context at the beginning or end."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:732
msgid ""
"A large hunk might apply better&emdash;either entirely or in part&emdash;if "
"it was broken up into smaller hunks."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:736
msgid ""
"A hunk removes lines with slightly different content than those currently "
"present in the file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:740
msgid ""
"If you use <command>wiggle</command> or <command>mpatch</command>, you should "
"be doubly careful to check your results when you're done.  In fact, "
"<command>mpatch</command> enforces this method of double-checking the tool's "
"output, by automatically dropping you into a merge program when it has done "
"its job, so that you can verify its work and finish off any remaining merges."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:752
msgid "Getting the best performance out of MQ"
msgstr "MQ 的性能"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:754
msgid ""
"MQ is very efficient at handling a large number of patches.  I ran some "
"performance experiments in mid-2006 for a talk that I gave at the 2006 "
"EuroPython conference <citation>web:europython</citation>.  I used as my data "
"set the Linux 2.6.17-mm1 patch series, which consists of 1,738 patches.  I "
"applied these on top of a Linux kernel repository containing all 27,472 "
"revisions between Linux 2.6.12-rc2 and Linux 2.6.17."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:763
msgid ""
"On my old, slow laptop, I was able to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpush "
"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpush-opt\">hg -a</option></command> all 1,738 "
"patches in 3.5 minutes, and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpop <option role="
"\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpop-opt\">hg -a</option></command> them all in 30 seconds.  "

"could <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command> one of the biggest "
"patches (which made 22,779 lines of changes to 287 files) in 6.6 seconds."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:774
msgid ""
"Clearly, MQ is well suited to working in large trees, but there are a few "
"tricks you can use to get the best performance of it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:778
msgid ""
"First of all, try to <quote>batch</quote> operations together.  Every time "
"you run <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> or <command role=\"hg-ext-"
"mq\">qpop</command>, these commands scan the working directory once to make "
"sure you haven't made some changes and then forgotten to run <command role="

"takes is unnoticeable.  However, on a medium-sized tree (containing tens of "
"thousands of files), it can take a second or more."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:789
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> and <command role=\"hg-ext-mq"
"\">qpop</command> commands allow you to push and pop multiple patches at a "
"time.  You can identify the <quote>destination patch</quote> that you want to "
"end up at.  When you <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> with a "

"the applied stack.  When you <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command> to a "
"destination, MQ will pop patches until the destination patch is at the top."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:799
msgid ""
"You can identify a destination patch using either the name of the patch, or "
"by number.  If you use numeric addressing, patches are counted from zero; "
"this means that the first patch is zero, the second is one, and so on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:806
msgid "Updating your patches when the underlying code changes"
msgstr "当基础代码改变时，更新补丁的方法"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:809
msgid ""
"It's common to have a stack of patches on top of an underlying repository "
"that you don't modify directly.  If you're working on changes to third-party "
"code, or on a feature that is taking longer to develop than the rate of "
"change of the code beneath, you will often need to sync up with the "
"underlying code, and fix up any hunks in your patches that no longer apply.  "
"This is called <emphasis>rebasing</emphasis> your patch series."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:818
msgid ""
"The simplest way to do this is to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpop <option "
"role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpop-opt\">hg -a</option></command> your patches, then "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> changes into the underlying "
"repository, and finally <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpush <option role=\"hg-"

"\">qrefresh</command> the affected patch, and continue pushing until you have "
"fixed your entire stack."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:830
msgid ""
"This approach is easy to use and works well if you don't expect changes to "
"the underlying code to affect how well your patches apply. If your patch "
"stack touches code that is modified frequently or invasively in the "
"underlying repository, however, fixing up rejected hunks by hand quickly "
"becomes tiresome."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:837
msgid ""
"It's possible to partially automate the rebasing process.  If your patches "
"apply cleanly against some revision of the underlying repo, MQ can use this "
"information to help you to resolve conflicts between your patches and a "
"different revision."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:843
msgid "The process is a little involved."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:845
msgid ""
"To begin, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpush -a</command> all of your patches "
"on top of the revision where you know that they apply cleanly."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:849
msgid ""
"Save a backup copy of your patch directory using <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"qsave <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qsave-opt\">hg -e</option> <option role="
"\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qsave-opt\">hg -c</option></command>.  This prints the name "
"of the directory that it has saved the patches in.  It will save the patches "

"\"special\">series</filename> and <filename role=\"special\">status</"
"filename> files."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:863
msgid ""
"Use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> to bring new changes into the "
"underlying repository.  (Don't run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull -u</"
"command>; see below for why.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:868
msgid ""
"Update to the new tip revision, using <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-update\">-C</option></command> to override the patches "
"you have pushed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:873
msgid ""
"Merge all patches using \\hgcmdargs{qpush}{<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpush-"
"opt\">hg -m</option> <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpush-opt\">hg -a</"
"option>}.  The <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpush-opt\">hg -m</option> option "
"to <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> tells MQ to perform a three-"
"way merge if the patch fails to apply."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:883
msgid ""
"During the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpush <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-"
"qpush-opt\">hg -m</option></command>, each patch in the <filename role="
"\"special\">series</filename> file is applied normally.  If a patch applies "
"with fuzz or rejects, MQ looks at the queue you <command role=\"hg-ext-mq"

"changeset.  This merge uses Mercurial's normal merge machinery, so it may pop "
"up a GUI merge tool to help you to resolve problems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:893
msgid ""
"When you finish resolving the effects of a patch, MQ refreshes your patch "
"based on the result of the merge."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:896
msgid ""
"At the end of this process, your repository will have one extra head from the "
"old patch queue, and a copy of the old patch queue will be in <filename role="
"\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/patches.N</filename>. You can remove the "
"extra head using <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpop -a -n patches.N</command> "

"role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/patches.N</filename> once you are "
"sure that you no longer need it as a backup."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:908
msgid "Identifying patches"
msgstr "标识补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:910
msgid ""
"MQ commands that work with patches let you refer to a patch either by using "
"its name or by a number.  By name is obvious enough; pass the name "
"<filename>foo.patch</filename> to <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</"
"command>, for example, and it will push patches until <filename>foo.patch</"
"filename> is applied."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:917
msgid ""
"As a shortcut, you can refer to a patch using both a name and a numeric "
"offset; <literal>foo.patch-2</literal> means <quote>two patches before "
"<literal>foo.patch</literal></quote>, while <literal>bar.patch+4</literal> "
"means <quote>four patches after <literal>bar.patch</literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:923
msgid ""
"Referring to a patch by index isn't much different.  The first patch printed "
"in the output of <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qseries</command> is patch zero "
"(yes, it's one of those start-at-zero counting systems); the second is patch "
"one; and so on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:929
msgid ""
"MQ also makes it easy to work with patches when you are using normal "
"Mercurial commands.  Every command that accepts a changeset ID will also "
"accept the name of an applied patch.  MQ augments the tags normally in the "
"repository with an eponymous one for each applied patch.  In addition, the "

"literal>}<literal>qtip</literal> identify the <quote>bottom-most</quote> and "
"topmost applied patches, respectively."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:941
msgid ""
"These additions to Mercurial's normal tagging capabilities make dealing with "
"patches even more of a breeze."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:944
msgid "Want to patchbomb a mailing list with your latest series of changes?"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:948
msgid ""
"(Don't know what <quote>patchbombing</quote> is? See section <xref linkend="
"\"sec.hgext.patchbomb\"/>.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:951
msgid ""
"Need to see all of the patches since <literal>foo.patch</literal> that have "
"touched files in a subdirectory of your tree?"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting><emphasis>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:955
msgid "subdir"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:960
msgid ""
"Because MQ makes the names of patches available to the rest of Mercurial "
"through its normal internal tag machinery, you don't need to type in the "
"entire name of a patch when you want to identify it by name."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:965
msgid ""
"Another nice consequence of representing patch names as tags is that when you "
"run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> command, it will display a "
"patch's name as a tag, simply as part of its normal output.  This makes it "
"easy to visually distinguish applied patches from underlying <quote>normal</"
"quote> revisions.  The following example shows a few normal Mercurial "
"commands in use with applied patches."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:978
msgid "Useful things to know about"
msgstr "其它需要了解的东西"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:980
msgid ""
"There are a number of aspects of MQ usage that don't fit tidily into sections "
"of their own, but that are good to know.  Here they are, in one place."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:985
msgid ""
"Normally, when you <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command> a patch and "
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> it again, the changeset that "
"represents the patch after the pop/push will have a <emphasis>different "
"identity</emphasis> than the changeset that represented the hash beforehand.  "
"See section <xref linkend=\"sec.mqref.cmd.qpush\"/> for information as to why "
"this is."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:994
msgid ""
"It's not a good idea to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</command> changes "
"from another branch with a patch changeset, at least if you want to maintain "
"the <quote>patchiness</quote> of that changeset and changesets below it on "
"the patch stack.  If you try to do this, it will appear to succeed, but MQ "
"will become confused."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1005
msgid "Managing patches in a repository"
msgstr "在版本库管理补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1007
msgid ""
"Because MQ's <filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/patches</"
"filename> directory resides outside a Mercurial repository's working "
"directory, the <quote>underlying</quote> Mercurial repository knows nothing "
"about the management or presence of patches."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1013
msgid ""
"This presents the interesting possibility of managing the contents of the "
"patch directory as a Mercurial repository in its own right.  This can be a "
"useful way to work.  For example, you can work on a patch for a while, "
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command> it, then <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg commit</command> the current state of the patch.  This lets you "
"<quote>roll back</quote> to that version of the patch later on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1022
msgid ""
"You can then share different versions of the same patch stack among multiple "
"underlying repositories.  I use this when I am developing a Linux kernel "
"feature.  I have a pristine copy of my kernel sources for each of several CPU "
"architectures, and a cloned repository under each that contains the patches I "

"push my current patches to the patch repository associated with that kernel "
"tree, pop and push all of my patches, and build and test that kernel."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1032
msgid ""
"Managing patches in a repository makes it possible for multiple developers to "
"work on the same patch series without colliding with each other, all on top "
"of an underlying source base that they may or may not control."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1038
msgid "MQ support for patch repositories"
msgstr "MQ 支持补丁版本库"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1040
msgid ""
"MQ helps you to work with the <filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">."
"hg/patches</filename> directory as a repository; when you prepare a "
"repository for working with patches using <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qinit</"
"command>, you can pass the <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qinit-opt\">hg -c</"
"option> option to create the <filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">."
"hg/patches</filename> directory as a Mercurial repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1050
msgid ""
"If you forget to use the <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qinit-opt\">hg -c</"
"option> option, you can simply go into the <filename role=\"special\" class="
"\"directory\">.hg/patches</filename> directory at any time and run <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg init</command>.  Don't forget to add an entry for the "
"<filename role=\"special\">status</filename> file to the <filename role="
"\"special\">.hgignore</filename> file, though"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1059
msgid ""
"(<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qinit <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qinit-opt"
"\">hg -c</option></command> does this for you automatically); you "
"<emphasis>really</emphasis> don't want to manage the <filename role=\"special"
"\">status</filename> file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1066
msgid ""
"As a convenience, if MQ notices that the <filename class=\"directory\">.hg/"
"patches</filename> directory is a repository, it will automatically <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command> every patch that you create and import."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1071
msgid ""
"MQ provides a shortcut command, <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qcommit</"
"command>, that runs <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> in the "
"<filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/patches</filename> "
"directory.  This saves some bothersome typing."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1077
msgid ""
"Finally, as a convenience to manage the patch directory, you can define the "
"alias <command>mq</command> on Unix systems. For example, on Linux systems "
"using the <command>bash</command> shell, you can include the following "
"snippet in your <filename role=\"home\">~/.bashrc</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1087
msgid ""
"You can then issue commands of the form <command>mq pull</command> from the "
"main repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1092
msgid "A few things to watch out for"
msgstr "需要注意的事情"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1094
msgid ""
"MQ's support for working with a repository full of patches is limited in a "
"few small respects."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1097
msgid ""
"MQ cannot automatically detect changes that you make to the patch directory.  "
"If you <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command>, manually edit, or <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> changes to patches or the <filename role="
"\"special\">series</filename> file, you will have to <command role=\"hg-cmd"

"changes show up there.  If you forget to do this, you can confuse MQ's idea "
"of which patches are applied."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1113
msgid "Third party tools for working with patches"
msgstr "操作补丁的第三方工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1115
msgid ""
"Once you've been working with patches for a while, you'll find yourself "
"hungry for tools that will help you to understand and manipulate the patches "
"you're dealing with."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1119
msgid ""
"The <command>diffstat</command> command <citation>web:diffstat</citation> "
"generates a histogram of the modifications made to each file in a patch.  It "
"provides a good way to <quote>get a sense of</quote> a patch&emdash;which "
"files it affects, and how much change it introduces to each file and as a "

"as otherwise it will try to do clever things with prefixes of file names that "
"inevitably confuse at least me.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1133
msgid ""
"The <literal role=\"package\">patchutils</literal> package <citation>web:"
"patchutils</citation> is invaluable. It provides a set of small utilities "
"that follow the <quote>Unix philosophy;</quote> each does one useful thing "
"with a patch.  The <literal role=\"package\">patchutils</literal> command I "

"match a particular glob pattern.  See section <xref linkend=\"mq-collab.tips."
"interdiff\"/> for another example."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1149
msgid "Good ways to work with patches"
msgstr "操作补丁的好习惯"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1151
msgid ""
"Whether you are working on a patch series to submit to a free software or "
"open source project, or a series that you intend to treat as a sequence of "
"regular changesets when you're done, you can use some simple techniques to "
"keep your work well organised."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1157
msgid ""
"Give your patches descriptive names.  A good name for a patch might be "
"<filename>rework-device-alloc.patch</filename>, because it will immediately "
"give you a hint what the purpose of the patch is.  Long names shouldn't be a "
"problem; you won't be typing the names often, but you <emphasis>will</"

"with, or if you are juggling a number of different tasks and your patches "
"only get a fraction of your attention."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1169
msgid ""
"Be aware of what patch you're working on.  Use the <command role=\"hg-ext-mq"
"\">qtop</command> command and skim over the text of your patches "
"frequently&emdash;for example, using <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tip <option "
"role=\"hg-opt-tip\">-p</option></command>)&emdash;to be sure of where you "

"tricky to migrate changes into the right patch after making them in the wrong "
"one."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1179
msgid ""
"For this reason, it is very much worth investing a little time to learn how "
"to use some of the third-party tools I described in section <xref linkend="
"\"sec.mq.tools\"/>, particularly <command>diffstat</command> and "
"<command>filterdiff</command>.  The former will give you a quick idea of what "
"changes your patch is making, while the latter makes it easy to splice hunks "
"selectively out of one patch and into another."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1190
msgid "MQ cookbook"
msgstr "MQ 手册"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1193
msgid "Manage <quote>trivial</quote> patches"
msgstr "管理<quote>琐碎的</quote>补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1195
msgid ""
"Because the overhead of dropping files into a new Mercurial repository is so "
"low, it makes a lot of sense to manage patches this way even if you simply "
"want to make a few changes to a source tarball that you downloaded."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1200
msgid ""
"Begin by downloading and unpacking the source tarball, and turning it into a "
"Mercurial repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1205
msgid "Continue by creating a patch stack and making your changes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1210
msgid ""
"Let's say a few weeks or months pass, and your package author releases a new "
"version.  First, bring their changes into the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1216
msgid ""
"The pipeline starting with <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg locate</command> above "
"deletes all files in the working directory, so that <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg commit</command>'s <option role=\"hg-opt-commit\">--addremove</option> "
"option can actually tell which files have really been removed in the newer "
"version of the source."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1224
msgid "Finally, you can apply your patches on top of the new tree."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1231
msgid "Combining entire patches"
msgstr "组合全部的补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1233
msgid ""
"MQ provides a command, <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qfold</command> that lets "
"you combine entire patches.  This <quote>folds</quote> the patches you name, "
"in the order you name them, into the topmost applied patch, and concatenates "
"their descriptions onto the end of its description.  The patches that you "
"fold must be unapplied before you fold them."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1241
msgid ""
"The order in which you fold patches matters.  If your topmost applied patch "
"is <literal>foo</literal>, and you <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qfold</"
"command> <literal>bar</literal> and <literal>quux</literal> into it, you will "
"end up with a patch that has the same effect as if you applied first "
"<literal>foo</literal>, then <literal>bar</literal>, followed by "
"<literal>quux</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1252
msgid "Merging part of one patch into another"
msgstr "合并补丁的部分内容到其它补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1254
msgid ""
"Merging <emphasis>part</emphasis> of one patch into another is more difficult "
"than combining entire patches."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1258
msgid ""
"If you want to move changes to entire files, you can use <command>filterdiff</"
"command>'s <option role=\"cmd-opt-filterdiff\">-i</option> and <option role="
"\"cmd-opt-filterdiff\">-x</option> options to choose the modifications to "
"snip out of one patch, concatenating its output onto the end of the patch you "

"the other patch), and you can simply <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</"
"command> the patch to drop the duplicate hunks."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1271
msgid ""
"If you have a patch that has multiple hunks modifying a file, and you only "
"want to move a few of those hunks, the job becomes more messy, but you can "
"still partly automate it.  Use <command>lsdiff -nvv</command> to print some "
"metadata about the patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1279
msgid "This command prints three different kinds of number:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1282
msgid ""
"(in the first column) a <emphasis>file number</emphasis> to identify each "
"file modified in the patch;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1286
msgid ""
"(on the next line, indented) the line number within a modified file where a "
"hunk starts; and"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1289
msgid ""
"(on the same line) a <emphasis>hunk number</emphasis> to identify that hunk."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1293
msgid ""
"You'll have to use some visual inspection, and reading of the patch, to "
"identify the file and hunk numbers you'll want, but you can then pass them to "
"to <command>filterdiff</command>'s <option role=\"cmd-opt-filterdiff\">--"
"files</option> and <option role=\"cmd-opt-filterdiff\">--hunks</option> "
"options, to select exactly the file and hunk you want to extract."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1301
msgid ""
"Once you have this hunk, you can concatenate it onto the end of your "
"destination patch and continue with the remainder of section <xref linkend="
"\"sec.mq.combine\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1308
msgid "Differences between quilt and MQ"
msgstr "MQ 与 quilt 的区别"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1310
msgid ""
"If you are already familiar with quilt, MQ provides a similar command set.  "
"There are a few differences in the way that it works."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1314
msgid ""
"You will already have noticed that most quilt commands have MQ counterparts "
"that simply begin with a <quote><literal>q</literal></quote>.  The exceptions "
"are quilt's <literal>add</literal> and <literal>remove</literal> commands, "
"the counterparts for which are the normal Mercurial <command role=\"hg-cmd"

"\">extensions</literal> section of your <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</"
"filename>."
msgstr ""

#
#. 	&example.hg-interdiff; 
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:465
msgid ""
"The <command>interdiff</command> command expects to be passed the names of "
"two files, but the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">extdiff</literal> extension "