diff en/ch07-branch.xml @ 683:c838b3975bc6

Add IDs to paragraphs.

--- a/en/ch07-branch.xml	Thu Mar 19 20:54:12 2009 -0700
+++ b/en/ch07-branch.xml	Thu Mar 19 21:18:52 2009 -0700
@@ -4,18 +4,18 @@
   <?dbhtml filename="managing-releases-and-branchy-development.html"?>
   <title>Managing releases and branchy development</title>
 
-  <para>Mercurial provides several mechanisms for you to manage a
+  <para id="x_369">Mercurial provides several mechanisms for you to manage a
     project that is making progress on multiple fronts at once.  To
     understand these mechanisms, let's first take a brief look at a
     fairly normal software project structure.</para>
 
-  <para>Many software projects issue periodic <quote>major</quote>
+  <para id="x_36a">Many software projects issue periodic <quote>major</quote>
     releases that contain substantial new features.  In parallel, they
     may issue <quote>minor</quote> releases.  These are usually
     identical to the major releases off which they're based, but with
     a few bugs fixed.</para>
 
-  <para>In this chapter, we'll start by talking about how to keep
+  <para id="x_36b">In this chapter, we'll start by talking about how to keep
     records of project milestones such as releases.  We'll then
     continue on to talk about the flow of work between different
     phases of a project, and how Mercurial can help you to isolate and
@@ -24,20 +24,20 @@
   <sect1>
     <title>Giving a persistent name to a revision</title>
 
-    <para>Once you decide that you'd like to call a particular
+    <para id="x_36c">Once you decide that you'd like to call a particular
       revision a <quote>release</quote>, it's a good idea to record
       the identity of that revision. This will let you reproduce that
       release at a later date, for whatever purpose you might need at
       the time (reproducing a bug, porting to a new platform, etc).
       &interaction.tag.init;</para>
 
-    <para>Mercurial lets you give a permanent name to any revision
+    <para id="x_36d">Mercurial lets you give a permanent name to any revision
       using the <command role="hg-cmd">hg tag</command> command.  Not
       surprisingly, these names are called <quote>tags</quote>.</para>
 
     &interaction.tag.tag;
 
-    <para>A tag is nothing more than a <quote>symbolic name</quote>
+    <para id="x_36e">A tag is nothing more than a <quote>symbolic name</quote>
       for a revision.  Tags exist purely for your convenience, so that
       you have a handy permanent way to refer to a revision; Mercurial
       doesn't interpret the tag names you use in any way.  Neither
@@ -46,17 +46,17 @@
       parsed unambiguously.  A tag name cannot contain any of the
       following characters:</para>
     <itemizedlist>
-      <listitem><para>Colon (ASCII 58,
+      <listitem><para id="x_36f">Colon (ASCII 58,
 	  <quote><literal>:</literal></quote>)</para>
       </listitem>
-      <listitem><para>Carriage return (ASCII 13,
+      <listitem><para id="x_370">Carriage return (ASCII 13,
 	  <quote><literal>\r</literal></quote>)</para>
       </listitem>
-      <listitem><para>Newline (ASCII 10,
+      <listitem><para id="x_371">Newline (ASCII 10,
 	  <quote><literal>\n</literal></quote>)</para>
       </listitem></itemizedlist>
 
-    <para>You can use the <command role="hg-cmd">hg tags</command>
+    <para id="x_372">You can use the <command role="hg-cmd">hg tags</command>
       command to display the tags present in your repository.  In the
       output, each tagged revision is identified first by its name,
       then by revision number, and finally by the unique hash of the
@@ -64,33 +64,33 @@
 
     &interaction.tag.tags;
 
-    <para>Notice that <literal>tip</literal> is listed in the output
+    <para id="x_373">Notice that <literal>tip</literal> is listed in the output
       of <command role="hg-cmd">hg tags</command>.  The
       <literal>tip</literal> tag is a special <quote>floating</quote>
       tag, which always identifies the newest revision in the
       repository.</para>
 
-    <para>In the output of the <command role="hg-cmd">hg
+    <para id="x_374">In the output of the <command role="hg-cmd">hg
 	tags</command> command, tags are listed in reverse order, by
       revision number.  This usually means that recent tags are listed
       before older tags.  It also means that <literal>tip</literal> is
       always going to be the first tag listed in the output of
       <command role="hg-cmd">hg tags</command>.</para>
 
-    <para>When you run <command role="hg-cmd">hg log</command>, if it
+    <para id="x_375">When you run <command role="hg-cmd">hg log</command>, if it
       displays a revision that has tags associated with it, it will
       print those tags.</para>
 
     &interaction.tag.log;
 
-    <para>Any time you need to provide a revision ID to a Mercurial
+    <para id="x_376">Any time you need to provide a revision ID to a Mercurial
       command, the command will accept a tag name in its place.
       Internally, Mercurial will translate your tag name into the
       corresponding revision ID, then use that.</para>
 
     &interaction.tag.log.v1.0;
 
-    <para>There's no limit on the number of tags you can have in a
+    <para id="x_377">There's no limit on the number of tags you can have in a
       repository, or on the number of tags that a single revision can
       have.  As a practical matter, it's not a great idea to have
       <quote>too many</quote> (a number which will vary from project
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
       find revisions.  If you have lots of tags, the ease of using
       them to identify revisions diminishes rapidly.</para>
 
-    <para>For example, if your project has milestones as frequent as
+    <para id="x_378">For example, if your project has milestones as frequent as
       every few days, it's perfectly reasonable to tag each one of
       those.  But if you have a continuous build system that makes
       sure every revision can be built cleanly, you'd be introducing a
@@ -106,12 +106,12 @@
       could tag failed builds (on the assumption that they're rare!),
       or simply not use tags to track buildability.</para>
 
-    <para>If you want to remove a tag that you no longer want, use
+    <para id="x_379">If you want to remove a tag that you no longer want, use
       <command role="hg-cmd">hg tag --remove</command>.</para>
 
     &interaction.tag.remove;
 
-    <para>You can also modify a tag at any time, so that it identifies
+    <para id="x_37a">You can also modify a tag at any time, so that it identifies
       a different revision, by simply issuing a new <command
 	role="hg-cmd">hg tag</command> command. You'll have to use the
       <option role="hg-opt-tag">-f</option> option to tell Mercurial
@@ -120,13 +120,13 @@
 
     &interaction.tag.replace;
 
-    <para>There will still be a permanent record of the previous
+    <para id="x_37b">There will still be a permanent record of the previous
       identity of the tag, but Mercurial will no longer use it.
       There's thus no penalty to tagging the wrong revision; all you
       have to do is turn around and tag the correct revision once you
       discover your error.</para>
 
-    <para>Mercurial stores tags in a normal revision-controlled file
+    <para id="x_37c">Mercurial stores tags in a normal revision-controlled file
       in your repository.  If you've created any tags, you'll find
       them in a file named <filename
 	role="special">.hgtags</filename>.  When you run the <command
@@ -141,14 +141,14 @@
     <sect2>
       <title>Handling tag conflicts during a merge</title>
 
-      <para>You won't often need to care about the <filename
+      <para id="x_37d">You won't often need to care about the <filename
 	  role="special">.hgtags</filename> file, but it sometimes
 	makes its presence known during a merge.  The format of the
 	file is simple: it consists of a series of lines.  Each line
 	starts with a changeset hash, followed by a space, followed by
 	the name of a tag.</para>
 
-      <para>If you're resolving a conflict in the <filename
+      <para id="x_37e">If you're resolving a conflict in the <filename
 	  role="special">.hgtags</filename> file during a merge,
 	there's one twist to modifying the <filename
 	  role="special">.hgtags</filename> file: when Mercurial is
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@
 	reads the <emphasis>most recently committed</emphasis>
 	revision of the file.</para>
 
-      <para>An unfortunate consequence of this design is that you
+      <para id="x_37f">An unfortunate consequence of this design is that you
 	can't actually verify that your merged <filename
 	  role="special">.hgtags</filename> file is correct until
 	<emphasis>after</emphasis> you've committed a change.  So if
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@
     <sect2>
       <title>Tags and cloning</title>
 
-      <para>You may have noticed that the <command role="hg-cmd">hg
+      <para id="x_380">You may have noticed that the <command role="hg-cmd">hg
 	  clone</command> command has a <option
 	  role="hg-opt-clone">-r</option> option that lets you clone
 	an exact copy of the repository as of a particular changeset.
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@
 	after the revision you specified.  This has an interaction
 	with tags that can surprise the unwary.</para>
 
-      <para>Recall that a tag is stored as a revision to the <filename
+      <para id="x_381">Recall that a tag is stored as a revision to the <filename
 	  role="special">.hgtags</filename> file, so that when you
 	create a tag, the changeset in which it's recorded necessarily
 	refers to an older changeset.  When you run <command
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
     <sect2>
       <title>When permanent tags are too much</title>
 
-      <para>Since Mercurial's tags are revision controlled and carried
+      <para id="x_382">Since Mercurial's tags are revision controlled and carried
 	around with a project's history, everyone you work with will
 	see the tags you create.  But giving names to revisions has
 	uses beyond simply noting that revision
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@
 	like <quote>Anne saw the symptoms with this
 	  revision</quote>.</para>
 
-      <para>For cases like this, what you might want to use are
+      <para id="x_383">For cases like this, what you might want to use are
 	<emphasis>local</emphasis> tags. You can create a local tag
 	with the <option role="hg-opt-tag">-l</option> option to the
 	<command role="hg-cmd">hg tag</command> command.  This will
@@ -227,27 +227,27 @@
   <sect1>
     <title>The flow of changes&emdash;big picture vs. little</title>
 
-    <para>To return to the outline I sketched at the beginning of a
+    <para id="x_384">To return to the outline I sketched at the beginning of a
       chapter, let's think about a project that has multiple
       concurrent pieces of work under development at once.</para>
 
-    <para>There might be a push for a new <quote>main</quote> release;
+    <para id="x_385">There might be a push for a new <quote>main</quote> release;
       a new minor bugfix release to the last main release; and an
       unexpected <quote>hot fix</quote> to an old release that is now
       in maintenance mode.</para>
 
-    <para>The usual way people refer to these different concurrent
+    <para id="x_386">The usual way people refer to these different concurrent
       directions of development is as <quote>branches</quote>.
       However, we've already seen numerous times that Mercurial treats
       <emphasis>all of history</emphasis> as a series of branches and
       merges.  Really, what we have here is two ideas that are
       peripherally related, but which happen to share a name.</para>
     <itemizedlist>
-      <listitem><para><quote>Big picture</quote> branches represent
+      <listitem><para id="x_387"><quote>Big picture</quote> branches represent
 	  the sweep of a project's evolution; people give them names,
 	  and talk about them in conversation.</para>
       </listitem>
-      <listitem><para><quote>Little picture</quote> branches are
+      <listitem><para id="x_388"><quote>Little picture</quote> branches are
 	  artefacts of the day-to-day activity of developing and
 	  merging changes.  They expose the narrative of how the code
 	  was developed.</para>
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@
   <sect1>
     <title>Managing big-picture branches in repositories</title>
 
-    <para>The easiest way to isolate a <quote>big picture</quote>
+    <para id="x_389">The easiest way to isolate a <quote>big picture</quote>
       branch in Mercurial is in a dedicated repository.  If you have
       an existing shared repository&emdash;let's call it
       <literal>myproject</literal>&emdash;that reaches a
@@ -267,20 +267,20 @@
 
     &interaction.branch-repo.tag;
 
-    <para>You can then clone a new shared
+    <para id="x_38a">You can then clone a new shared
       <literal>myproject-1.0.1</literal> repository as of that
       tag.</para>
 
     &interaction.branch-repo.clone;
 
-    <para>Afterwards, if someone needs to work on a bug fix that ought
+    <para id="x_38b">Afterwards, if someone needs to work on a bug fix that ought
       to go into an upcoming 1.0.1 minor release, they clone the
       <literal>myproject-1.0.1</literal> repository, make their
       changes, and push them back.</para>
 
     &interaction.branch-repo.bugfix;
 
-    <para>Meanwhile, development for
+    <para id="x_38c">Meanwhile, development for
       the next major release can continue, isolated and unabated, in
       the <literal>myproject</literal> repository.</para>
 
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@
   <sect1>
     <title>Don't repeat yourself: merging across branches</title>
 
-    <para>In many cases, if you have a bug to fix on a maintenance
+    <para id="x_38d">In many cases, if you have a bug to fix on a maintenance
       branch, the chances are good that the bug exists on your
       project's main branch (and possibly other maintenance branches,
       too).  It's a rare developer who wants to fix the same bug
@@ -298,13 +298,13 @@
       help you to manage these bugfixes without duplicating your
       work.</para>
 
-    <para>In the simplest instance, all you need to do is pull changes
+    <para id="x_38e">In the simplest instance, all you need to do is pull changes
       from your maintenance branch into your local clone of the target
       branch.</para>
 
     &interaction.branch-repo.pull;
 
-    <para>You'll then need to merge the heads of the two branches, and
+    <para id="x_38f">You'll then need to merge the heads of the two branches, and
       push back to the main branch.</para>
 
     &interaction.branch-repo.merge;
@@ -313,14 +313,14 @@
   <sect1>
     <title>Naming branches within one repository</title>
 
-    <para>In most instances, isolating branches in repositories is the
+    <para id="x_390">In most instances, isolating branches in repositories is the
       right approach.  Its simplicity makes it easy to understand; and
       so it's hard to make mistakes.  There's a one-to-one
       relationship between branches you're working in and directories
       on your system.  This lets you use normal (non-Mercurial-aware)
       tools to work on files within a branch/repository.</para>
 
-    <para>If you're more in the <quote>power user</quote> category
+    <para id="x_391">If you're more in the <quote>power user</quote> category
       (<emphasis>and</emphasis> your collaborators are too), there is
       an alternative way of handling branches that you can consider.
       I've already mentioned the human-level distinction between
@@ -331,58 +331,58 @@
       it can <emphasis>also</emphasis> work with multiple <quote>big
 	picture</quote> branches.</para>
 
-    <para>The key to working this way is that Mercurial lets you
+    <para id="x_392">The key to working this way is that Mercurial lets you
       assign a persistent <emphasis>name</emphasis> to a branch.
       There always exists a branch named <literal>default</literal>.
       Even before you start naming branches yourself, you can find
       traces of the <literal>default</literal> branch if you look for
       them.</para>
 
-    <para>As an example, when you run the <command role="hg-cmd">hg
+    <para id="x_393">As an example, when you run the <command role="hg-cmd">hg
 	commit</command> command, and it pops up your editor so that
       you can enter a commit message, look for a line that contains
       the text <quote><literal>HG: branch default</literal></quote> at
       the bottom. This is telling you that your commit will occur on
       the branch named <literal>default</literal>.</para>
 
-    <para>To start working with named branches, use the <command
+    <para id="x_394">To start working with named branches, use the <command
 	role="hg-cmd">hg branches</command> command.  This command
       lists the named branches already present in your repository,
       telling you which changeset is the tip of each.</para>
 
     &interaction.branch-named.branches;
 
-    <para>Since you haven't created any named branches yet, the only
+    <para id="x_395">Since you haven't created any named branches yet, the only
       one that exists is <literal>default</literal>.</para>
 
-    <para>To find out what the <quote>current</quote> branch is, run
+    <para id="x_396">To find out what the <quote>current</quote> branch is, run
       the <command role="hg-cmd">hg branch</command> command, giving
       it no arguments.  This tells you what branch the parent of the
       current changeset is on.</para>
 
     &interaction.branch-named.branch;
 
-    <para>To create a new branch, run the <command role="hg-cmd">hg
+    <para id="x_397">To create a new branch, run the <command role="hg-cmd">hg
 	branch</command> command again.  This time, give it one
       argument: the name of the branch you want to create.</para>
 
     &interaction.branch-named.create;
 
-    <para>After you've created a branch, you might wonder what effect
+    <para id="x_398">After you've created a branch, you might wonder what effect
       the <command role="hg-cmd">hg branch</command> command has had.
       What do the <command role="hg-cmd">hg status</command> and
       <command role="hg-cmd">hg tip</command> commands report?</para>
 
     &interaction.branch-named.status;
 
-    <para>Nothing has changed in the
+    <para id="x_399">Nothing has changed in the
       working directory, and there's been no new history created.  As
       this suggests, running the <command role="hg-cmd">hg
 	branch</command> command has no permanent effect; it only
       tells Mercurial what branch name to use the
       <emphasis>next</emphasis> time you commit a changeset.</para>
 
-    <para>When you commit a change, Mercurial records the name of the
+    <para id="x_39a">When you commit a change, Mercurial records the name of the
       branch on which you committed.  Once you've switched from the
       <literal>default</literal> branch to another and committed,
       you'll see the name of the new branch show up in the output of
@@ -392,12 +392,12 @@
 
     &interaction.branch-named.commit;
 
-    <para>The <command role="hg-cmd">hg log</command>-like commands
+    <para id="x_39b">The <command role="hg-cmd">hg log</command>-like commands
       will print the branch name of every changeset that's not on the
       <literal>default</literal> branch.  As a result, if you never
       use named branches, you'll never see this information.</para>
 
-    <para>Once you've named a branch and committed a change with that
+    <para id="x_39c">Once you've named a branch and committed a change with that
       name, every subsequent commit that descends from that change
       will inherit the same branch name.  You can change the name of a
       branch at any time, using the <command role="hg-cmd">hg
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@
 
     &interaction.branch-named.rebranch;
 
-    <para>In practice, this is something you won't do very often, as
+    <para id="x_39d">In practice, this is something you won't do very often, as
       branch names tend to have fairly long lifetimes.  (This isn't a
       rule, just an observation.)</para>
 
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@
     <title>Dealing with multiple named branches in a
       repository</title>
 
-    <para>If you have more than one named branch in a repository,
+    <para id="x_39e">If you have more than one named branch in a repository,
       Mercurial will remember the branch that your working directory
       on when you start a command like <command role="hg-cmd">hg
 	update</command> or <command role="hg-cmd">hg pull
@@ -424,17 +424,17 @@
       you may need to use the <option role="hg-opt-update">-C</option>
       option to <command role="hg-cmd">hg update</command>.</para>
 
-    <para>This behaviour is a little subtle, so let's see it in
+    <para id="x_39f">This behaviour is a little subtle, so let's see it in
       action.  First, let's remind ourselves what branch we're
       currently on, and what branches are in our repository.</para>
 
     &interaction.branch-named.parents;
 
-    <para>We're on the <literal>bar</literal> branch, but there also
+    <para id="x_3a0">We're on the <literal>bar</literal> branch, but there also
       exists an older <command role="hg-cmd">hg foo</command>
       branch.</para>
 
-    <para>We can <command role="hg-cmd">hg update</command> back and
+    <para id="x_3a1">We can <command role="hg-cmd">hg update</command> back and
       forth between the tips of the <literal>foo</literal> and
       <literal>bar</literal> branches without needing to use the
       <option role="hg-opt-update">-C</option> option, because this
@@ -443,14 +443,14 @@
 
     &interaction.branch-named.update-switchy;
 
-    <para>If we go back to the <literal>foo</literal> branch and then
+    <para id="x_3a2">If we go back to the <literal>foo</literal> branch and then
       run <command role="hg-cmd">hg update</command>, it will keep us
       on <literal>foo</literal>, not move us to the tip of
       <literal>bar</literal>.</para>
 
     &interaction.branch-named.update-nothing;
 
-    <para>Committing a new change on the <literal>foo</literal> branch
+    <para id="x_3a3">Committing a new change on the <literal>foo</literal> branch
       introduces a new head.</para>
 
     &interaction.branch-named.foo-commit;
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@
   <sect1>
     <title>Branch names and merging</title>
 
-    <para>As you've probably noticed, merges in Mercurial are not
+    <para id="x_3a4">As you've probably noticed, merges in Mercurial are not
       symmetrical. Let's say our repository has two heads, 17 and 23.
       If I <command role="hg-cmd">hg update</command> to 17 and then
       <command role="hg-cmd">hg merge</command> with 23, Mercurial
@@ -469,14 +469,14 @@
       17, it records 23 as the first parent, and 17 as the
       second.</para>
 
-    <para>This affects Mercurial's choice of branch name when you
+    <para id="x_3a5">This affects Mercurial's choice of branch name when you
       merge.  After a merge, Mercurial will retain the branch name of
       the first parent when you commit the result of the merge.  If
       your first parent's branch name is <literal>foo</literal>, and
       you merge with <literal>bar</literal>, the branch name will
       still be <literal>foo</literal> after you merge.</para>
 
-    <para>It's not unusual for a repository to contain multiple heads,
+    <para id="x_3a6">It's not unusual for a repository to contain multiple heads,
       each with the same branch name.  Let's say I'm working on the
       <literal>foo</literal> branch, and so are you.  We commit
       different changes; I pull your changes; I now have two heads,
@@ -484,13 +484,13 @@
       result of a merge will be a single head on the
       <literal>foo</literal> branch, as you might hope.</para>
 
-    <para>But if I'm working on the <literal>bar</literal> branch, and
+    <para id="x_3a7">But if I'm working on the <literal>bar</literal> branch, and
       I merge work from the <literal>foo</literal> branch, the result
       will remain on the <literal>bar</literal> branch.</para>
 
     &interaction.branch-named.merge;
 
-    <para>To give a more concrete example, if I'm working on the
+    <para id="x_3a8">To give a more concrete example, if I'm working on the
       <literal>bleeding-edge</literal> branch, and I want to bring in
       the latest fixes from the <literal>stable</literal> branch,
       Mercurial will choose the <quote>right</quote>
@@ -501,17 +501,17 @@
   <sect1>
     <title>Branch naming is generally useful</title>
 
-    <para>You shouldn't think of named branches as applicable only to
+    <para id="x_3a9">You shouldn't think of named branches as applicable only to
       situations where you have multiple long-lived branches
       cohabiting in a single repository.  They're very useful even in
       the one-branch-per-repository case.</para>
 
-    <para>In the simplest case, giving a name to each branch gives you
+    <para id="x_3aa">In the simplest case, giving a name to each branch gives you
       a permanent record of which branch a changeset originated on.
       This gives you more context when you're trying to follow the
       history of a long-lived branchy project.</para>
 
-    <para>If you're working with shared repositories, you can set up a
+    <para id="x_3ab">If you're working with shared repositories, you can set up a
       <literal role="hook">pretxnchangegroup</literal> hook on each
       that will block incoming changes that have the
       <quote>wrong</quote> branch name.  This provides a simple, but