view ja/tour-merge.tex @ 776:019040fbf5f5

merged to upstream: phase 1

%\chapter{A tour of Mercurial: merging work}
\chapter{Mercurial$B%D%"!<(B: $B%^!<%8(B}
\label{chap:tour-merge}

%We've now covered cloning a repository, making changes in a
%repository, and pulling or pushing changes from one repository into
%another.  Our next step is \emph{merging} changes from separate
%repositories.

$B2f!9$O4{$K%j%]%8%H%j$N%/%m!<%s!$%j%]%8%H%j$KBP$9$kJQ99!$(B1$B$D$N%j%]%8%H%j$+(B
$B$i$N(Bpull$B$HJL$N(B1$B$D$N%j%]%8%H%j$KBP$9$k(Bpush$B$r9T$C$?!%<!$N%9%F%C%W$OJL$N%j%](B
$B%8%H%j$+$iJQ99$r(B\emph{$B%^!<%8(B}$B$9$k$3$H$G$"$k!%(B

%\section{Merging streams of work}
\section{$BJ#?t$N:n6H7k2L$r%^!<%8$9$k(B}

%Merging is a fundamental part of working with a distributed revision
%control tool.

$B%^!<%8$OJ,;6%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k%D!<%k$G$N:n6H$K$*$$$FIT2D7g$NItJ,$G$"(B
$B$k!%(B

\begin{itemize}
%\item Alice and Bob each have a personal copy of a repository for a

%  project they're collaborating on.  Alice fixes a bug in her
%  repository; Bob adds a new feature in his.  They want the shared
%  repository to contain both the bug fix and the new feature.
 \item $B%"%j%9$H%\%V$O6&F1:n6H$7$F$$$k%W%m%8%'%/%H$N%j%]%8%H%j%3%T!<$r3F!9(B
$B;}$C$F$$$k!%%"%j%9$O<+J,$N%j%]%8%H%j$G%P%0$r=$@5$7!$%\%V$OH`$N%j%]%8%H%j(B
$B$G?75!G=$rDI2C$7$?!%H`$i$O%P%0=$@5$H?75!G=$NN>J}$r;}$D%j%]%8%H%j$r6&M-$7(B
$B$?$$$H9M$($F$$$k!%(B

%\item I frequently work on several different tasks for a single
%  project at once, each safely isolated in its own repository.
%  Working this way means that I often need to merge one piece of my
%  own work with another.
 \item $B;d$O0l$D$N%W%m%8%'%/%H$NJL!9$N%?%9%/$KBP$7$FF1;~$K:n6H$r9T$&$3$H$r(B
       $B$h$/9T$C$F$$$k!%$3$N$h$&$J:n6H%9%?%$%k$G$O!$<+J,$N:n6H$N0l$D$+$iJL(B
       $B$N:n6H$N0l$D$X7k2L$r%^!<%8$7$?$$$H;W$&$3$H$,$7$P$7$P$"$k!%(B

\end{itemize}

%Because merging is such a common thing to need to do, Mercurial makes
%it easy.  Let's walk through the process.  We'll begin by cloning yet
%another repository (see how often they spring up?) and making a change
%in it.

$B>e$G=R$Y$?$h$&$K%^!<%8$r9T$$$?$$>u67$O$H$F$bB?$$$?$a!$(B Mercurial$B$G$O%^!<(B
$B%8$r4JC1$K9T$($k$h$&$K$J$C$F$$$k!%$^$:JL$N%j%]%8%H%j$r%/%m!<%s$7!$JQ99$r(B
$B2C$($k$H$3$m$+$i;O$a$h$&!%(B
\interaction{tour.merge.clone}

%We should now have two copies of \filename{hello.c} with different
%contents.  The histories of the two repositories have also diverged,
%as illustrated in figure~\ref{fig:tour-merge:sep-repos}.

$B:#!$FbMF$N0[$J$C$?(B2$B$D$N(B\filename{hello.c}$B$,$"$k!%(B 2$B$D$N%j%]%8%H%j$NMzNr$O(B
$B?^(B~\ref{fig:tour-merge:sep-repos}$B$K<($9$h$&$KJ,$+$l$F$$$k!%(B
\interaction{tour.merge.cat}

\begin{figure}[ht]
  \centering
  \grafix{tour-merge-sep-repos}
%  \caption{Divergent recent histories of the \dirname{my-hello} and
%    \dirname{my-new-hello} repositories}
  \caption{\dirname{my-hello}$B%j%]%8%H%j$H(B\dirname{my-new-hello}$B%j%]%8%H(B
 $B%j$NMzNr$N:90[(B}
  \label{fig:tour-merge:sep-repos}
\end{figure}

%We already know that pulling changes from our \dirname{my-hello}
%repository will have no effect on the working directory.
$B4{$K(B\dirname{my-hello}$B%j%]%8%H%j$+$i$N(Bpull$B$O%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$K2?$N(B
$B1F6A$bM?$($J$$$3$H$r3X$s$@!%(B
\interaction{tour.merge.pull}
%However, the \hgcmd{pull} command says something about ``heads''.
$B$7$+$7(B\hgcmd{pull}$B%3%^%s%I$O(B``heads''$B$K$D$$$F%a%C%;!<%8$rI=<($9$k!%(B

%\subsection{Head changesets}
\subsection{Head$B%A%'%s%8%;%C%H(B}

%A head is a change that has no descendants, or children, as they're
%also known.  The tip revision is thus a head, because the newest
%revision in a repository doesn't have any children, but a repository
%can contain more than one head.
head$B$O;RB9$d;R$r;}$?$J$$JQ99$G$"$k!%%j%]%8%H%j$N:G?7$N%j%S%8%g%s$O;R$r;}(B
$B$?$J$$$?$a!$(Btip$B%j%S%8%g%s$O$9$J$o$A(Bhead$B$G$"$k!%0lJ}$G%j%]%8%H%j$OJ#?t$N(B
head$B$r;}$AF@$k!%(B

\begin{figure}[ht]
  \centering
  \grafix{tour-merge-pull}
%  \caption{Repository contents after pulling from \dirname{my-hello} into
%    \dirname{my-new-hello}}
  \caption{\dirname{my-hello}$B$+$i(B\dirname{my-new-hello}$B$X(Bpull$B$7$?$"$H$N(B
 $B%j%]%8%H%j$NFbMF(B}
  \label{fig:tour-merge:pull}
\end{figure}

%In figure~\ref{fig:tour-merge:pull}, you can see the effect of the
%pull from \dirname{my-hello} into \dirname{my-new-hello}.  The history
%that was already present in \dirname{my-new-hello} is untouched, but a
%new revision has been added.  By referring to
%figure~\ref{fig:tour-merge:sep-repos}, we can see that the
%\emph{changeset ID} remains the same in the new repository, but the
%\emph{revision number} has changed.  (This, incidentally, is a fine
%example of why it's not safe to use revision numbers when discussing
%changesets.)  We can view the heads in a repository using the
%\hgcmd{heads} command.
%\interaction{tour.merge.heads}

$B?^(B~\ref{fig:tour-merge:pull}$B$K(B\dirname{my-hello}$B$+$i(B
\dirname{my-new-hello}$B$X(Bpull$B$r9T$C$?8z2L$r<($9!%(B \dirname{my-new-hello}$B$K(B
$B4{$KB8:_$7$?MzNr$OJQ99$5$l$:!$?7$?$K%j%S%8%g%s$,DI2C$5$l$k!%(B
figure~\ref{fig:tour-merge:sep-repos}$B$r8+$k$H!$?7$7$$%j%]%8%H%j$K$b(B
\emph{changeset ID}$B$,;D$C$F$$$k$3$H!$(B\emph{$B%j%S%8%g%sHV9f(B}$B$,JQ99$5$l$F$$(B
$B$k$3$H$,J,$+$k!%(B $B!J$3$l$OF1;~$K%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$K$D$$$FO@$8$k:]$K%j%S%8%g%s(B
$BHV9f$rMQ$$$k$N$,0BA4$G$J$$$3$H$NNc$K$J$C$F$$$k!%!K%j%]%8%H%jFb$K$"$k(Bhead
$B$O(B\hgcmd{heads}$B$K$h$C$F8+$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B
\interaction{tour.merge.heads}

%\subsection{Performing the merge}
\subsection{$B%^!<%8$r<B9T$9$k(B}

%What happens if we try to use the normal \hgcmd{update} command to
%update to the new tip?
%\interaction{tour.merge.update}

$B?7$7$$(Btip$B$X99?7$9$k$?$a$K(B\hgcmd{update}$B$r;H$C$?>l9g2?$,5/$-$k$+!)(B
\interaction{tour.merge.update}

%Mercurial is telling us that the \hgcmd{update} command won't do a
%merge; it won't update the working directory when it thinks we might
%be wanting to do a merge, unless we force it to do so.  Instead, we
%use the \hgcmd{merge} command to merge the two heads.
%\interaction{tour.merge.merge}

Mercurial$B$O(B\hgcmd{update}$B%3%^%s%I$,%^!<%8$r9T$o$J$$$H%a%C%;!<%8$rI=<($9(B
$B$k!%(B \hgcmd{update}$B%3%^%s%I$O!$%^!<%8$,I,MW$H9M$($i$l$k>l9g$O!$%f!<%6$,(B
$B!J%*%W%7%g%s$K$h$C$F!K6/@)$7$J$$8B$j%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$r99?7$7$J$$!%(B
$B0lJ}!$(B\hgcmd{merge}$B%3%^%s%I$O(B2$B$D$N%X%C%I$N%^!<%8$r9T$&!%(B
\interaction{tour.merge.merge}

\begin{figure}[ht]
  \centering
  \grafix{tour-merge-merge}
%  \caption{Working directory and repository during merge, and
%    following commit}
  \caption{$B%^!<%8Cf$N%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$H%j%]%8%H%j$*$h$S8eB3$N%3%_%C(B
 $B%H(B}
  \label{fig:tour-merge:merge}
\end{figure}

%This updates the working directory so that it contains changes from
%\emph{both} heads, which is reflected in both the output of
%\hgcmd{parents} and the contents of \filename{hello.c}.
%\interaction{tour.merge.parents}

$B$3$NA`:n$K$h$C$F(B\hgcmd{parents}$B$H(B\filename{hello.c}$B$N=PNO$NAPJ}$rH?1G$9$k(B
\emph{$BAPJ}$N(B}head$B$+$i$NJQ99$r4^$`$h$&$K%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$,99?7$5$l$k!%(B

%\subsection{Committing the results of the merge}
\subsection{$B%^!<%87k2L$r%3%_%C%H$9$k(B}

%Whenever we've done a merge, \hgcmd{parents} will display two parents
%until we \hgcmd{commit} the results of the merge.
%\interaction{tour.merge.commit}

$B%^!<%8$r9T$&$H!$%^!<%8$N7k2L$r(B\hgcmd{commit}$B$9$k$^$G!$(B\hgcmd{parents}$B$O(B2
$B$D$N%Z%"%l%s%H$rI=<($9$k!%(B
\interaction{tour.merge.commit}

%We now have a new tip revision; notice that it has \emph{both} of
%our former heads as its parents.  These are the same revisions that
%were previously displayed by \hgcmd{parents}.
%\interaction{tour.merge.tip}

$B?7$7$$(Btip$B%j%S%8%g%s$O0JA0$N%X%C%I(B\emph{$BN>J}(B}$B$r?F$H$7$F;}$D!%$3$l$i$O(B
\hgcmd{parents}$B%3%^%s%I$GI=<($7$?$N$HF1$8%j%S%8%g%s$G$"$k!%(B
\interaction{tour.merge.tip}

%In figure~\ref{fig:tour-merge:merge}, you can see a representation of
%what happens to the working directory during the merge, and how this
%affects the repository when the commit happens.  During the merge, the
%working directory has two parent changesets, and these become the
%parents of the new changeset.

$B?^(B~\ref{fig:tour-merge:merge}$B$G!$%^!<%8$N4V$K%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$K2?$,(B
$B5/$-!$%3%_%C%H$7$?;~$K%j%]%8%H%j$K$I$&1F6A$9$k$N$+$r8+$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B
$B%^!<%8$N4V!$%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$O(B2$B$D$N?F%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$r;}$A!$$3$l$i$O(B
$B?7$7$$%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$NN>?F$H$J$k!%(B

%\section{Merging conflicting changes}
\section{$B%3%s%U%j%/%H$N$"$kJQ99$r%^!<%8$9$k(B}

%Most merges are simple affairs, but sometimes you'll find yourself
%merging changes where each modifies the same portions of the same
%files.  Unless both modifications are identical, this results in a
%\emph{conflict}, where you have to decide how to reconcile the
%different changes into something coherent.

$BBgH>$N%^!<%8$O%7%s%W%k$J$b$N$@$,!$>l9g$K$h$C$F$OF1$8%U%!%$%k$NF1$82U=j$r(B
$BJQ99$7$F$$$k%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$r%^!<%8$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$$3$H$,$"$k!%J#?t$NJQ(B
$B99$,F1$8FbMF$G$J$$8B$j!$7k2L$O(B\emph{conflict}$B$H$J$k$?$a!$Aj0[$J$kJQ99$r@0(B
$B9g$5$;$k$h$&$K=$@5$9$kI,MW$,$"$k!%(B

\begin{figure}[ht]
  \centering
  \grafix{tour-merge-conflict}
%  \caption{Conflicting changes to a document}
  \caption{$B%3%s%U%j%/%H$7$?%A%'%s%8%;%C%H(B}
  \label{fig:tour-merge:conflict}
\end{figure}

%Figure~\ref{fig:tour-merge:conflict} illustrates an instance of two
%conflicting changes to a document.  We started with a single version
%of the file; then we made some changes; while someone else made
%different changes to the same text.  Our task in resolving the
%conflicting changes is to decide what the file should look like.

1$B$D$N%I%-%e%a%s%H$KBP$7$F(B2$B$D$N%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$,%3%s%U%j%/%H$7$?MM;R$r(B
$B?^(B~\ref{fig:tour-merge:conflict}$B$K<($9!%(B

$B$3$3$G$O!$$"$k(B1$B$D$N%P!<%8%g%s$N%U%!%$%k$K$$$/$D$+$NJQ99$r2C$(!$F1;~$KJL$N(B
$B?M$,JL$NJQ99$rF1$8%F%-%9%H$KBP$7$F2C$($F$$$k!%%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$N%3%s%U%j%/(B
$B%H$r2r7h$9$k$?$a!$%U%!%$%k$,$I$&$"$k$Y$-$+$rL@$i$+$K$7$h$&!%(B

%Mercurial doesn't have a built-in facility for handling conflicts.
%Instead, it runs an external program called \command{hgmerge}.  This
%is a shell script that is bundled with Mercurial; you can change it to
%behave however you please.  What it does by default is try to find one
%of several different merging tools that are likely to be installed on
%your system.  It first tries a few fully automatic merging tools; if
%these don't succeed (because the resolution process requires human
%guidance) or aren't present, the script tries a few different
%graphical merging tools.

Mercurial$B$OFbB"$N%3%s%U%j%/%H2r7h5!9=$r;}$?$J$$!%$=$NBe$o(B
$B$j!$(B\command{hgmerge}$B$H$$$&30It%3%^%s%I$r5/F0$9$k!%$3$l$O(BMercurial$B$KF1:-(B
$B$5$l$?%7%'%k%9%/%j%W%H$G!$5sF0$rJQ99$9$k$3$H$b2DG=$G$"$k!%(B
$B%G%U%)%k%H$G$3$N%3%^%s%I$,9T$&$3$H$O!$%7%9%F%`$K%$%s%9%H!<%k$5$l$F$$$k2D(B
$BG=@-$N9b$$$$$/$D$+$N0[$J$C$?%^!<%8%D!<%k$N(B1$B$D$rA\$7=P$9$3$H$G$"$k!%(B
$B:G=i$K(B2,3$B$NA4<+F0$N%^!<%8%D!<%k$r;n$9!%$3$l$G$&$^$/$$$+$J$$>l9g!J2r7h%W(B
$B%m%;%9$K?M$N%,%$%I$,I,MW$J$?$a!K$d%D!<%k$,B8:_$7$J$$>l9g!$%9%/%j%W%H$O(B
$BJL$N(B2,3$B$N%0%i%U%#%+%k%^!<%8%D!<%k$r;n$9!%(B

%It's also possible to get Mercurial to run another program or script
%instead of \command{hgmerge}, by setting the \envar{HGMERGE}
%environment variable to the name of your preferred program.

$B4D6-JQ?t(B\envar{HGMERGE}$B$K9%$_$N%W%m%0%i%`L>$r$r@_Dj$9$k$3$H$G!$(BMercurial
$B$,(B\command{hgmerge}$B0J30$N%9%/%j%W%H$r5/F0$9$k$h$&$K$9$k$3$H$b2DG=$G$"$k!%(B

%\subsection{Using a graphical merge tool}
\subsection{$B%0%i%U%#%+%k%^!<%8%D!<%k$N;HMQ(B}

%My preferred graphical merge tool is \command{kdiff3}, which I'll use
%to describe the features that are common to graphical file merging
%tools.  You can see a screenshot of \command{kdiff3} in action in
%figure~\ref{fig:tour-merge:kdiff3}.  The kind of merge it is
%performing is called a \emph{three-way merge}, because there are three
%different versions of the file of interest to us.  The tool thus
%splits the upper portion of the window into three panes:

$BI.<T$N9%$_$N%0%i%U%#%+%k%^!<%8%D!<%k$O(B\command{kdiff3}$B$J$N$G!$$3$l$r;H$C(B
$B$F%0%i%U%#%+%k%U%!%$%k%^!<%8%D!<%k$N5!G=$r@bL@$9$k!%(B
$B?^(B~\ref{fig:tour-merge:kdiff3}$B$K(B\command{kdiff3}$B$N<B:]$NF0:n$N%9%/%j!<%s(B
$B%7%g%C%H$r<($9!%:#CmL\$7$F$$$k%U%!%$%k$K$O(B3$B$D$N0[$J$C$?%P!<%8%g%s$,$"$k$?(B
$B$a!$$3$3$G<B9T$5$l$F$$$k$N$O(B\emph{3way$B%^!<%8(B}$B$G$"$k!%%D!<%k$O%&%#%s%I%&$N(B
$B>eIt$r(B3$B$D$N%Z!<%s$KJ,3d$7$F$$$k!%(B

\begin{itemize}
%\item At the left is the \emph{base} version of the file, i.e.~the
%  most recent version from which the two versions we're trying to
%  merge are descended.
 \item $B:8$K$"$k$N$O%U%!%$%k$N(B\emph{$B%Y!<%9(B}$B%P!<%8%g%s$G$"$k!%$3$l$O$3$l$+(B
       $B$i%^!<%8$7$h$&$H$9$k(B2$B$D$N%P!<%8%g%s$N?F$H$J$k:G$b:G6a$N%P!<%8%g%s(B
       $B$G$"$k!%(B

%\item In the middle is ``our'' version of the file, with the contents
%  that we modified.
 \item $BCf1{$K$"$k$N$O2f!9$,JQ99$r2C$($?%P!<%8%g%s$G$"$k!%(B

%\item On the right is ``their'' version of the file, the one that
%  from the changeset that we're trying to merge with.
 \item $B1&$K$"$k$N$OB>$N?M$,JQ99$r2C$($?%P!<%8%g%s$G!$$3$l$+$i%^!<%8$7$h(B
       $B$&$H$9$k$b$N$G$"$k!%(B
\end{itemize}

%In the pane below these is the current \emph{result} of the merge.
%Our task is to replace all of the red text, which indicates unresolved
%conflicts, with some sensible merger of the ``ours'' and ``theirs''
%versions of the file.

$B$3$N2<$N%Z!<%s$K$O%^!<%8$N(B\emph{$B7k2L(B}$B$,$"$k!%@V;z$N9T$O%3%s%U%j%/%H$r<($7(B
$B$F$*$j!$2f!9$N%P!<%8%g%s$HB>$N?M$N%P!<%8%g%s$rCm0U?<$/%^!<%8$7$?7k2L$rMQ(B
$B$$$F$3$l$i$r$9$Y$FCV$-49$($k!%(B

%All four of these panes are \emph{locked together}; if we scroll
%vertically or horizontally in any of them, the others are updated to
%display the corresponding sections of their respective files.

4$B$D$N%Z!<%s$9$Y$F$O(B\emph{$BF14|(B}$B$7$F$*$j!"$I$l$+$r?bD>$^$?$O?eJ?$K%9%/%m!<(B
$B%k$9$k$H!"B>$N(B3$B$D$bBP1~$9$k2U=j$rI=<($9$k$h$&$K99?7$5$l$k!#(B

\begin{figure}[ht]
  \centering
  \grafix{kdiff3}
%  \caption{Using \command{kdiff3} to merge versions of a file}
  \caption{$B%U%!%$%k$NJ#?t%j%S%8%g%s$r(B\command{kdiff3}$B$r;H$C$F%^!<%8$9$k(B}
  \label{fig:tour-merge:kdiff3}
\end{figure}

%For each conflicting portion of the file, we can choose to resolve
%the conflict using some combination of text from the base version,
%ours, or theirs.  We can also manually edit the merged file at any
%time, in case we need to make further modifications.

$B%3%s%U%j%/%H$r2r7h$9$k$?$a$K!$%U%!%$%kCf$N%3%s%U%j%/%H$7$F$$$k$9$Y$F$NIt(B
$BJ,$KBP$7$F%Y!<%9%P!<%8%g%s!$2f!9$N%P!<%8%g%s!$JL$N?M!9$N%P!<%8%g%s$N%F%-(B
$B%9%H$rAH$_9g$o$;$FMQ$$$k!%$5$i$J$k=$@5$,I,MW$J>l9g$O!$%^!<%8$5$l$?%U%!%$(B
$B%k$r<jF0$GJT=8$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$k!%(B

%There are \emph{many} file merging tools available, too many to cover
%here.  They vary in which platforms they are available for, and in
%their particular strengths and weaknesses.  Most are tuned for merging
%files containing plain text, while a few are aimed at specialised file
%formats (generally XML).

\emph{$B?t!9$N(B}$B%^!<%8%D!<%k$,MxMQ2DG=$G$"$j!$$=$l$i$r%+%P!<$9$k$3$H$O$G$-$J(B
$B$$!%$=$l$i$O!$MxMQ2DG=$J%W%i%C%H%U%)!<%`$,0[$J$j!$$=$l$>$lD9=j$H<eE@$,0[(B
$B$J$k!%$[$H$s$I$,%W%l!<%s%F%-%9%H$r%^!<%8$9$k$h$&$K:n$i$l$F$$$k$,!$FCJL$J(B
$B%U%!%$%k%U%)!<%^%C%H!J(BXML$B!K$KFC2=$7$F$$$k$b$N$b$"$k!%(B

%\subsection{A worked example}
\subsection{$B<B9TNc(B}

%In this example, we will reproduce the file modification history of
%figure~\ref{fig:tour-merge:conflict} above.  Let's begin by creating a
%repository with a base version of our document.
%\interaction{tour-merge-conflict.wife}
%We'll clone the repository and make a change to the file.
%\interaction{tour-merge-conflict.cousin}
%And another clone, to simulate someone else making a change to the
%file.  (This hints at the idea that it's not all that unusual to merge
%with yourself when you isolate tasks in separate repositories, and
%indeed to find and resolve conflicts while doing so.)
%\interaction{tour-merge-conflict.son}
%Having created two different versions of the file, we'll set up an
%environment suitable for running our merge.
%\interaction{tour-merge-conflict.pull}

$B$3$NNc$G$OA0=R$N?^(B~\ref{fig:tour-merge:conflict}$B$G$NJQ99MzNr$r:F8=$9$k!%(B
$BJ8=q$N%Y!<%9%P!<%8%g%s$r4^$`%j%]%8%H%j$r:n@.$9$k$3$H$+$i;O$a$k!%(B
\interaction{tour-merge-conflict.wife}
$B%j%]%8%H%j$r%3%T!<$7!$%U%!%$%k$KJQ99$r9T$&!%(B
\interaction{tour-merge-conflict.cousin}
$BJL$N?M$,JQ99$r9T$&$N$r%7%_%e%l!<%H$9$k$?$a$K$b$&0l$D$N%/%m!<%s$r:n@.$9(B
$B$k!%!JJL!9$N%j%]%8%H%j$K3VN%$7$F9T$C$?:n6H$N7k2L$r%^!<%8$7!$%3%s%U%j%/%H(B
$B$r2r>C$9$k$3$H$O>/$7$bDA$7$$$3$H$G$O$J$$$H$$$&;v$,$o$+$k$@$m$&!%(B $B!K(B
\interaction{tour-merge-conflict.son}
$B%U%!%$%k$K(B2$B$D$NJL$N%P!<%8%g%s$r:n$j!$%^!<%8$r9T$&$N$KE*2<4D6-$r@_Dj$9$k!%(B
\interaction{tour-merge-conflict.pull}

%In this example, I won't use Mercurial's normal \command{hgmerge}
%program to do the merge, because it would drop my nice automated
%example-running tool into a graphical user interface.  Instead, I'll
%set \envar{HGMERGE} to tell Mercurial to use the non-interactive
%\command{merge} command.  This is bundled with many Unix-like systems.
%If you're following this example on your computer, don't bother
%setting \envar{HGMERGE}.
%\interaction{tour-merge-conflict.merge}
%Because \command{merge} can't resolve the conflicting changes, it
%leaves \emph{merge markers} inside the file that has conflicts,
%indicating which lines have conflicts, and whether they came from our
%version of the file or theirs.

$B$3$NNc$G$O%^!<%8$K(BMercurial$B$NDL>o%3%^%s%I$G$"$k(B\command{hgmerge}$B$O;H$o$J(B
$B$$!%$3$N%3%^%s%I$O<+F02=$5$l$?%0%i%U%#%+%k%f!<%6%$%s%?!<%U%'%$%9$N%^!<%8(B
$B%D!<%k$r5/F0$7$F$7$^$&$+$i$G$"$k!%$=$NBe$o$j(B\envar{HGMERGE}$B$r@_Dj$7(B
$B$F!$(BMercurial$B$KHsBPOCE*$J(B\command{merge}$B%3%^%s%I$r5/F0$5$;$k!%$3$l$OB?$/(B
$B$N(BUnix$B7O%7%9%F%`$K%P%s%I%k$5$l$F$$$k%3%^%s%I$G$"$k!%$3$NNc$r<j85$N%^%7%s(B
$B$G<B9T$9$k;~$K$O(B\envar{HGMERGE}$B$r@_Dj$9$kI,MW$O$J$$!%(B
\interaction{tour-merge-conflict.merge} \command{merge}$B%3%^%s%I$O%A%'%s%8(B
$B%;%C%H$N%3%s%U%j%/%H$r2r7h$9$k$3$H$O$G$-$:!$(B\emph{merge markers}$B$r%3%s%U(B
$B%j%/%H$N$"$k%U%!%$%kFb$K;D$7!$$I$N9T$K%3%s%U%j%/%H$,$"$k$N$+!$%3%s%U%j%/(B
$B%H$,<j85$NJQ99$HB>$N?M$NJQ99$N$$$:$l$+$iMh$F$$$k$N$+$r<($9!%(B

%Mercurial can tell from the way \command{merge} exits that it wasn't
%able to merge successfully, so it tells us what commands we'll need to
%run if we want to redo the merging operation.  This could be useful
%if, for example, we were running a graphical merge tool and quit
%because we were confused or realised we had made a mistake.

Mercurial$B$O(B\command{merge}$B%3%^%s%I$G@5$7$/%^!<%8$G$-$J$+$C$?>l9g!$$b$&0l(B
$BEY%^!<%8$r9T$&$?$a$K$I$N$h$&$K$9$l$P$$$$$N$+$rI=<($9$k!%$3$l$O!$%0%i%U%#(B
$B%+%k%^!<%8%D!<%k$N;HMQCf$K:.Mp$rMh$7$?$+4V0c$$$rHH$7$?$3$H$K5$IU$$$?$?$a(B
$B$K=*N;$7$?>l9g$J$I$KM-8z$G$"$m$&!%(B

%If automatic or manual merges fail, there's nothing to prevent us from
%``fixing up'' the affected files ourselves, and committing the results
%of our merge:
%\interaction{tour-merge-conflict.commit}

$B<+F0$^$?$O<jF0$K$h$k%^!<%8$,<:GT$7$?>l9g!$1F6A$r<u$1$k%U%!%$%k$r(B``$B=$@5(B''
$B$7$F%^!<%8$N7k2L$r%3%_%C%H$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!%(B
\interaction{tour-merge-conflict.commit}


%\section{Simplifying the pull-merge-commit sequence}
\section{pull-merge-commit$B<j=g$r4JC1$K$9$k(B}
\label{sec:tour-merge:fetch}

%The process of merging changes as outlined above is straightforward,
%but requires running three commands in sequence.
$BA0@a$G35MW$r=R$Y$?%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$N%^!<%8%W%m%;%9$OC1=c$J$b$N$@$C$?$,!$(B3
$B$D$N%3%^%s%I$r=g$KMQ$$$kI,MW$,$"$C$?!%(B

\begin{codesample2}
  hg pull
  hg merge
  hg commit -m 'Merged remote changes'
\end{codesample2}
%In the case of the final commit, you also need to enter a commit
%message, which is almost always going to be a piece of uninteresting
%``boilerplate'' text.
$B:G8e$N%3%_%C%H$G$O!$$[$H$s$IB`6~$J%\%$%i!<%W%l!<%H%F%-%9%H$H8@$C$F$b$h$$(B
$B%3%_%C%H%a%C%;!<%8$NF~NO$bI,MW$G$"$C$?!%(B

%It would be nice to reduce the number of steps needed, if this were
%possible.  Indeed, Mercurial is distributed with an extension called
%\hgext{fetch} that does just this.

$B2DG=$G$"$l$PI,MW$J%9%F%C%W?t$r>/$J$/$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$H$h$$!%<B$O(B
Mercurial$B$O(B\hgext{fetch}$B$H$$$&!$$^$5$K$3$N$3$H$r9T$&%(%/%9%F%s%7%g%s$rF1(B
$B:-$7$F$$$k!%(B

%Mercurial provides a flexible extension mechanism that lets people
%extend its functionality, while keeping the core of Mercurial small
%and easy to deal with.  Some extensions add new commands that you can
%use from the command line, while others work ``behind the scenes,''
%for example adding capabilities to the server.

Mercurial$B$O%3%"$r>.$5$/!$07$$$d$9$/J]$C$?$^$^5!G=$r3HD%$G$-$k=@Fp$J%(%96e(B
$B%F%s%7%g%s%a%+%K%:%`$rDs6!$7$F$$$k!%%3%^%s%I%i%$%s$+$iMxMQ$G$-$k?7$7$$%3(B
$B%^%s%I$rDI2C$9$k$h$&$J%(%/%9%F%s%7%g%s$b$"$l$P!$L\$K8+$($J$$$H$3$m$GNc$((B
$B$P%5!<%P$K5!G=$rDI2C$9$k$h$&$J$b$N$b$"$k!%(B

%The \hgext{fetch} extension adds a new command called, not
%surprisingly, \hgcmd{fetch}.  This extension acts as a combination of
%\hgcmd{pull}, \hgcmd{update} and \hgcmd{merge}.  It begins by pulling
%changes from another repository into the current repository.  If it
%finds that the changes added a new head to the repository, it begins a
%merge, then commits the result of the merge with an
%automatically-generated commit message.  If no new heads were added,
%it updates the working directory to the new tip changeset.

\hgext{fetch}$B%(%/%9%F%s%7%g%s$O$=$NL>$NDL$j$N?7$7$$%3%^%s%I(B\hgcmd{fetch}
$B$rDI2C$9$k!%$3$N%(%/%9%F%s%7%g%s$O(B\hgcmd{pull}$B$H(B\hgcmd{update}$B$*$h$S(B
\hgcmd{merge}$B$rAH$_9g$o$;$?F/$-$r$9$k!%$3$N%(%/%9%F%s%7%g%s$O$^$:B>$N%j%](B
$B%8%H%j$+$iJQ99$r(Bpull$B$7!$%j%]%8%H%j$K?7$7$$%X%C%I$,DI2C$5$l$?>l9g$O%^!<%8(B
$B$r9T$$!$%^!<%87k2L$r<+F0E*$K@8@.$5$l$?%3%_%C%H%a%C%;!<%8$H6&$K%3%_%C%H$9(B
$B$k!%?7$?$J%X%C%I$,DI2C$5$l$J$+$C$?>l9g$O?7$?$J(Btip$B%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$X%o!<%-%s(B
$B%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$r99?7$9$k!%(B

%Enabling the \hgext{fetch} extension is easy.  Edit your
%\sfilename{.hgrc}, and either go to the \rcsection{extensions} section
%or create an \rcsection{extensions} section.  Then add a line that
%simply reads ``\Verb+fetch +''.
$B4JC1$K(B\hgext{fetch}$B%(%/%9%F%s%7%g%s$rM-8z$K$9$k$3$H$,$G$-(B
$B$k!%(B\sfilename{.hgrc}$B%U%!%$%k$N(B\rcsection{extensions}$B%;%/%7%g%s$rJT=8!JB8(B
$B:_$7$J$1$l$PDI2C$9$k!K$7!$(B``\Verb+fetch +''$B$H$$$&9T$rDI2C$9$l$P$h$$!%(B
\begin{codesample2}
  [extensions]
  fetch =
\end{codesample2}
%(Normally, on the right-hand side of the ``\texttt{=}'' would appear
%the location of the extension, but since the \hgext{fetch} extension
%is in the standard distribution, Mercurial knows where to search for
%it.)
$B!JDL>o!$1&JU$N(B``\texttt{=}''$B$O%(%/%9%F%s%7%g%s$NCV$+$l$?>l=j$rI=$9(B
$B$,!$(B\hgext{fetch}$B%(%/%9%F%s%7%g%s$OI8=`G[I[J*$K4^$^$l$k$?$a!$(BMercurial$B$O(B
$B$=$N=j:_$r$9$G$KCN$C$F$$$k!%!K(B

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