%\chapter{File names and pattern matching}
\chapter{$B%U%!%$%kL>$H%Q%?!<%s%^%C%A%s%0(B}
\label{chap:names}

%Mercurial provides mechanisms that let you work with file names in a
%consistent and expressive way.

Mercurial$B$O%U%!%$%kL>$K$D$$$F0l4S@-$N$"$jJ,$+$j$d$9$$%a%+%K%:%`$rDs6!$9(B
$B$k!%(B

%\section{Simple file naming}
\section{$B%7%s%W%k$J%U%!%$%kL?L>(B}

%Mercurial uses a unified piece of machinery ``under the hood'' to
%handle file names.  Every command behaves uniformly with respect to
%file names.  The way in which commands work with file names is as
%follows.

Mercurial$B$O%U%!%$%kL>$r<h$j07$&FbIt$N%a%+%K%:%`$r;}$C$F$$$k!%$"$i$f$k%3%^(B
$B%s%I$O%U%!%$%kL>$KBP$7$FF10l$K$U$k$^$&!%%3%^%s%I$,%U%!%$%kL>$r07$&$d$jJ}(B
$B$r0J2<$K<($9!%(B

%If you explicitly name real files on the command line, Mercurial works
%with exactly those files, as you would expect.
$B%3%^%s%I%i%$%s$K<B:]$N%U%!%$%kL>$rL@<(E*$KM?$($?;~$O!$(BMercurial$B$O$=$l$i(B
$B$N%U%!%$%k$=$N$b$N$r07$&!%(B
\interaction{filenames.files}

%When you provide a directory name, Mercurial will interpret this as
%``operate on every file in this directory and its subdirectories''.
%Mercurial traverses the files and subdirectories in a directory in
%alphabetical order.  When it encounters a subdirectory, it will
%traverse that subdirectory before continuing with the current
%directory.

$B%G%#%l%/%H%jL>$rM?$($?>l9g$O!$(BMercurial$B$O(B``$B$3$N%G%#%l%/%H%j$H%5%V%G%#%l%/(B
$B%H%jFb$N$9$Y$F$N%U%!%$%k$KBP$7$F=hM}$r9T$&(B''$B$H2r<a$9$k!%(B
Mercurial$B$O%G%#%l%/%H%jFb$N%U%!%$%k$H%5%V%G%#%l%/%H%j$r%"%k%U%!%Y%C%H=g(B
$B$KEO$jJb$/!%%5%V%G%#%l%/%H%j$r8+$D$1$k$H!$%+%l%s%H%G%#%l%/%H%j$N=hM}$rB3(B
$B$1$k$N$G$O$J$/!$%5%V%G%#%l%/%H%jFb$r8+$K9T$/!%(B
\interaction{filenames.dirs}

%\section{Running commands without any file names}
\section{$B%U%!%$%kL>$J$7$G%3%^%s%I$r<B9T$9$k(B}

%Mercurial's commands that work with file names have useful default
%behaviours when you invoke them without providing any file names or
%patterns.  What kind of behaviour you should expect depends on what
%the command does.  Here are a few rules of thumb you can use to
%predict what a command is likely to do if you don't give it any names
%to work with.

$B%U%!%$%kL>$r<h$k(BMercurial$B%3%^%s%I$O%U%!%$%kL>$d%Q%?!<%s$rM?$($J$$$G5/F0$7(B
$B$?>l9g$G$bM-MQ$J%G%U%)%k%H$N?6Iq$r;}$D!%4|BT$9$k5sF0$O!$2?$r$9$k%3%^%s%I(B
$B$+$K$h$k!%%3%^%s%I$K%U%!%$%kL>Ey$rM?$($J$+$C$?>l9g$K%3%^%s%I$,$I$N$h$&$K(B
$BF0$/$+?dB,$9$kBg$^$+$J%k!<%k$r$$$/$D$+5s$2$k!%(B

\begin{itemize}
%\item Most commands will operate on the entire working directory.
%  This is what the \hgcmd{add} command does, for example.
 \item $BBgH>$N%3%^%s%I$O%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%jA4BN$KBP$7$FF/$/!%Nc$($P(B
       \hgcmd{add}$B%3%^%s%I$N$U$k$^$$$,$3$l$K$"$?$k!%(B

%\item If the command has effects that are difficult or impossible to
%  reverse, it will force you to explicitly provide at least one name
%  or pattern (see below).  This protects you from accidentally
%  deleting files by running \hgcmd{remove} with no arguments, for
%  example.
 \item $BI|85$,Fq$7$+$C$?$jIT2DG=$G$"$k$h$&$J8z2L$r;}$D%3%^%s%I$N>l9g!$:GDc(B
       1$B$D$NL>A0$d%Q%?!<%s$rM[$KMW5a$9$k!%!J2<5-$r;2>H!%!K$3$l$K$h$j!$Nc(B
       $B$($P(B\hgcmd{remove}$B$K0z?t$rM?$($J$+$C$?$3$H$K$h$C$F8m$C$F%U%!%$%k$r(B
       $B$9$Y$F>C$7$?$j$9$k$3$H$,$J$/$J$k!%(B
\end{itemize}

%It's easy to work around these default behaviours if they don't suit
%you.  If a command normally operates on the whole working directory,
%you can invoke it on just the current directory and its subdirectories
%by giving it the name ``\dirname{.}''.
%\interaction{filenames.wdir-subdir}

$B%G%U%)%k%H$N5sF0$,5$$KF~$i$J$$>l9g!$$3$l$rJQ99$9$k$N$O$?$d$9$$!%(B
$B%3%^%s%I$,DL>o%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%jA4BN$KBP$7$FF0:n$9$k$H$7$h$&!%(B
$B$3$l$r%+%l%s%H%G%#%l%/%H%j$H$=$N%5%V%G%#%l%/%H%j$KBP$7$F$N$_F0:n$9$k$h$&(B
$B$KJQ$($k$K$O!$(B``\dirname{.}''$B$rEO$;$PNI$$!%(B
\interaction{filenames.wdir-subdir}

%Along the same lines, some commands normally print file names relative
%to the root of the repository, even if you're invoking them from a
%subdirectory.  Such a command will print file names relative to your

%subdirectory if you give it explicit names.  Here, we're going to run

%\hgcmd{status} from a subdirectory, and get it to operate on the
%entire working directory while printing file names relative to our

%subdirectory, by passing it the output of the \hgcmd{root} command.
%\interaction{filenames.wdir-relname}

$B%5%V%G%#%l%/%H%j$+$i5/F0$7$F$b%j%]%8%H%j$N%k!<%H$X$NAjBP%Q%9$G%U%!%$%kL>(B
$B$rI=<($9$k%3%^%s%I$b$"$k!%$=$N$h$&$J%3%^%s%I$G$O!$%5%V%G%#%l%/%H%j$NL>A0(B
$B$rL@<(E*$KM?$($k$H!$%5%V%G%#%l%/%H%j$+$i$NAjBP%Q%9$rI=<($9$k$h$&$K$J$k!%(B

$B$3$3$G$O%5%V%G%#%l%/%H%j$+$i(B\hgcmd{status}$B$r<B9T$9$k:]$K!$(B


$B$7$F!$(B
$B%3%^%s%I$,%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%jA4BN$N%U%!%$%kL>$r%5%V%G%#%l%/%H%j$KBP$7$FAjBPE*$K(B
$BI=<($9$kMM$r8+$F$_$h$&!%(B




%\section{Telling you what's going on}
\section{$B2?$,5/$-$F$$$k$N$+(B}

%The \hgcmd{add} example in the preceding section illustrates something
%else that's helpful about Mercurial commands.  If a command operates
%on a file that you didn't name explicitly on the command line, it will
%usually print the name of the file, so that you will not be surprised
%what's going on.

$BA0%;%/%7%g%s$N(B\hgcmd{add}$B$NNc$O(BMercurial$B%3%^%s%I$K$D$$$FJL$NM-MQ$J>pJs$r(B
$B<($7$F$$$k!%%3%^%s%I%i%$%s$GL@<(E*$KL>A0$r;XDj$7$J$+$C$?%U%!%$%k$KBP$7$F(B
$B%3%^%s%I=hM}$r9T$&>l9g!$%U%!%$%kL>$rI=<($7!$2?$,5/$3$C$F$$$k$N$+J,$+$i$J(B
$B$/$J$i$J$$$h$&$K$7$F$$$k!%(B

%The principle here is of \emph{least surprise}.  If you've exactly
%named a file on the command line, there's no point in repeating it
%back at you.  If Mercurial is acting on a file \emph{implicitly}, e.g.
%because you provided no names, or a directory, or a pattern (see
%below), it is safest to tell you what it's operating on.

\emph{$B$G$-$k$@$1$S$C$/$j$5$;$J$$(B}$B$H$$$&$N$,$3$3$G$N86B'$G$"$k!%%3%^%s%I%i(B
$B%$%s$G%U%!%$%kL>$r40A4$K;XDj$7$?>l9g!$%U%!%$%kL>$,I=<($5$l$k$3$H$O$J$$!%(B
Mercurial$B$O!$L>A0$rM?$($J$$$+!$%G%#%l%/%H%jL>$d!$0J2<$G@bL@$9$k$h$&$J%Q%?!<(B
$B%s$rM?$(!$%U%!%$%k$,(B\emph{$B0EL[E*$K(B}$B;XDj$5$l$?>l9g$O!$0BA4$N$?$a$K8=:_A`(B
$B:n$7$F$$$k%U%!%$%kL>$rI=<($9$k!%(B

%For commands that behave this way, you can silence them using the
%\hggopt{-q} option.  You can also get them to print the name of every
%file, even those you've named explicitly, using the \hggopt{-v}
%option.

$B$3$N$h$&$K?6Iq$&%3%^%s%I$r!$(B\hggopt{-q}$B%*%W%7%g%s$rM?$($k$3$H$GD@L[$5$;$k(B
$B$3$H$b$G$-$k!%5U$KL@<(E*$K;XDj$7$?%U%!%$%k$X$NF0:n$G$"$C$F$b(B\hggopt{-v}$B%*(B
$B%W%7%g%s$rM?$($k$3$H$G$9$Y$F$N%U%!%$%kL>$rI=<($5$;$k$3$H$b$G$-$k!%(B

%\section{Using patterns to identify files}
\section{$B%U%!%$%kL><1JL$K%Q%?!<%s$rMQ$$$k(B}

%In addition to working with file and directory names, Mercurial lets
%you use \emph{patterns} to identify files.  Mercurial's pattern
%handling is expressive.

$B%U%!%$%k$d%G%#%l%/%H%jL>$r;H$C$?F0:n$NB>$K!$(BMercurial$B$G$O(B\emph{patterns}
$B$r;H$C$F%U%!%$%k$r<1JL$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$k!%(BMercurial$B$N%Q%?!<%s=hM}$O6/NO$G(B
$B$"$k!%(B

%On Unix-like systems (Linux, MacOS, etc.), the job of matching file
%names to patterns normally falls to the shell.  On these systems, you
%must explicitly tell Mercurial that a name is a pattern.  On Windows,
%the shell does not expand patterns, so Mercurial will automatically
%identify names that are patterns, and expand them for you.

Unix$B7O$N%7%9%F%`(B(Linux, MacOS$BEy(B)$B$G$O%U%!%$%kL>$H%Q%?!<%s$r%^%C%A$5$;$k;E(B
$B;v$O%7%'%k$KG$$5$l$k!%$3$l$i$N%7%9%F%`$G$O!$L>A0$,%Q%?!<%s$G$"$k$3$H$rL@(B
$B<(E*$K(BMercurial$B$K<($5$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!%(B Windows$B$G$O%7%'%k$O%Q%?!<%s$rE83+(B
$B$7$J$$$N$G!$(BMercurial$B$OM?$($i$l$?L>A0$,<+F0E*$K%Q%?!<%s$G$"$k$3$H$rG'<1(B
$B$7!$E83+$9$k!%(B

%To provide a pattern in place of a regular name on the command line,
%the mechanism is simple:

$B%3%^%s%I%i%$%s$GDL>o$NL>A0$NBe$o$j$K%Q%?!<%s$rEO$9$?$a$N%a%+%K%:%`$O%7%s(B
$B%W%k$G$"$k!%(B:
\begin{codesample2}
  syntax:patternbody
\end{codesample2}
%That is, a pattern is identified by a short text string that says what
%kind of pattern this is, followed by a colon, followed by the actual
%pattern.

$B$I$N$h$&$J%Q%?!<%s$J$N$+$r<1JL$9$k$?$a$NC;$$%F%-%9%H$N8e$m$K%3%m%s$r64$s(B
$B$G<B:]$N%Q%?!<%s$,B3$/!%(B

%Mercurial supports two kinds of pattern syntax.  The most frequently
%used is called \texttt{glob}; this is the same kind of pattern
%matching used by the Unix shell, and should be familiar to Windows
%command prompt users, too.

Mercurial$B$O(B2$BDL$j$N%Q%?!<%s9=J8$r%5%]!<%H$9$k!%:G$b$h$/;H$o$l$k$N$O(B
\texttt{glob};$B$G!$(BUnix$B%7%'%k$,%Q%?!<%s%^%C%A%s%0$K;HMQ$7$F$$$k$b$N$HF1MM(B
$B$N%Q%?!<%s$G$"$j!$$3$l$O(BWindows$B$N%3%^%s%I%W%m%s%W%H%f!<%6$K$H$C$F$b?F$7(B
$B$_?<$$$b$N$G$"$k!%(B

%When Mercurial does automatic pattern matching on Windows, it uses
%\texttt{glob} syntax.  You can thus omit the ``\texttt{glob:}'' prefix
%on Windows, but it's safe to use it, too.

Mercurial$B$O(BWindows$B$G$O<+F0E*$K%Q%?!<%s%^%C%A%s%0$r9T$&$H$-(B
$B$O!$(B\texttt{glob}$B9=J8$rMQ$$$k!%=>$C$F(BWindows$B$G$O(B``\texttt{glob:}''$B%W%l%U%#(B
$B%/%9$r>JN,$7$F$b0BA4$G$"$k!%(B

%The \texttt{re} syntax is more powerful; it lets you specify patterns
%using regular expressions, also known as regexps.

\texttt{re}$B9=J8$O$h$j6/NO$G!$@55,I=8=$rMQ$$$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B

%By the way, in the examples that follow, notice that I'm careful to
%wrap all of my patterns in quote characters, so that they won't get
%expanded by the shell before Mercurial sees them.

$B8e$G<($9Nc$G$O!$(BMercurial$B$,8+$kA0$K%7%'%k$GE83+$5$l$k$N$rKI$0$?$a$K%Q%?!<(B
$B%s$r0zMQJ8;z$G$/$k$s$G$$$k$3$H$KCm0U$5$l$?$$!%(B

%\subsection{Shell-style \texttt{glob} patterns}
\subsection{$B%7%'%k7A<0$N(B\texttt{glob}$B%Q%?!<%s(B}

%This is an overview of the kinds of patterns you can use when you're
%matching on glob patterns.

glob$B%Q%?!<%s$G%^%C%A%s%0$r9T$&;~$K;H$($k%Q%?!<%s$N35N,$r<($9!%(B

%The ``\texttt{*}'' character matches any string, within a single
%directory.

``\texttt{*}''$BJ8;z$O%G%#%l%/%H%jFb$NG$0U$NJ8;zNs$H%^%C%A$9$k!%(B

\interaction{filenames.glob.star}

%The ``\texttt{**}'' pattern matches any string, and crosses directory
%boundaries.  It's not a standard Unix glob token, but it's accepted by
%several popular Unix shells, and is very useful.
%\interaction{filenames.glob.starstar}

``\texttt{**}''$B%Q%?!<%s$O%G%#%l%/%H%j$r1[$($FG$0U$NJ8;zNs$K%^%C%A$9$k!%$3(B
$B$l$O(BUnix$BI8=`$N(Bglob$B%H!<%/%s$G$O$J$$$,!$$$$/$D$+$N?M5$$N$"$k(BUnix$B%7%'%k$G;H(B
$B$&$3$H$,$G$-!$$H$F$bM-MQ$G$"$k!%(B
\interaction{filenames.glob.starstar}

%The ``\texttt{?}'' pattern matches any single character.
%\interaction{filenames.glob.question}

``\texttt{?}''$B%Q%?!<%s$OG$0U$N(B1$BJ8;z$K%^%C%A$9$k!%(B
\interaction{filenames.glob.question}

%The ``\texttt{[}'' character begins a \emph{character class}.  This
%matches any single character within the class.  The class ends with a
%``\texttt{]}'' character.  A class may contain multiple \emph{range}s
%of the form ``\texttt{a-f}'', which is shorthand for
%``\texttt{abcdef}''.

``\texttt{[}''$BJ8;z$O(B\emph{$BJ8;z%/%i%9(B}$B$r3+;O$9$k!%$3$l$O%/%i%9Fb$NG$0U$N(B1
$BJ8;z$K%^%C%A$9$k!%%/%i%9$O(B``\texttt{]}''$BJ8;z$G=*$k!%%/%i%9$O(B
``\texttt{a-f}''$B$N$h$&$JHO0O$rJ#?t;}$D$3$H$,$G$-$k!%$3$NHO0O$O(B
``\texttt{abcdef}''$B$NC;=L7A$KAjEv$9$k!%(B
\interaction{filenames.glob.range}

%If the first character after the ``\texttt{[}'' in a character class
%is a ``\texttt{!}'', it \emph{negates} the class, making it match any
%single character not in the class.

$BJ8;z%/%i%9$G(B``\texttt{[}''$B$N8e$K(B``\texttt{!}''$B$,Mh$?>l9g!$$3$l$O%/%i%9$N(B
$BH]Dj$H$J$j!$%/%i%9$K4^$^$l$J$$G$0U$N(B1$BJ8;z$H%^%C%A$9$k!%(B

%A ``\texttt{\{}'' begins a group of subpatterns, where the whole group
%matches if any subpattern in the group matches.  The ``\texttt{,}''
%character separates subpatterns, and ``\texttt{\}}'' ends the group.

``\texttt{\{}''$B$O%5%V%Q%?!<%s$N%0%k!<%W$r3+;O$9$k!%%0%k!<%W$G$O!$%0%k!<%W(B
$BFb$NG$0U$N%5%V%Q%?!<%s$,%^%C%A$9$l$P%0%k!<%WA4BN$,%^%C%A$7$?$3$H$K$J$k!%(B
``\texttt{,}''$BJ8;z$O%5%V%Q%?!<%s$rJ,N%$7!$(B``\texttt{\}}''$B$O%0%k!<%W$r=*N;(B
$B$9$k!%(B
\interaction{filenames.glob.group}

%\subsubsection{Watch out!}
\subsubsection{$B$3$3$KCm0U!*(B}

%Don't forget that if you want to match a pattern in any directory, you
%should not be using the ``\texttt{*}'' match-any token, as this will
%only match within one directory.  Instead, use the ``\texttt{**}''
%token.  This small example illustrates the difference between the two.

$BG$0U$N%G%#%l%/%H%j$G%Q%?!<%s$r%^%C%A$5$;$k>l9g!$(B``\texttt{*}''$B$rA4$F$H%^%C(B
$B%A$9$k%H!<%/%s$H$7$F;H$&$3$H$O$G$-$J$$!%$3$NJ8;z$O(B1$B$D$N%G%#%l%/%H%jFb$G$N(B
$B$_%^%C%A$9$k!%$=$NBe$o$j!$(B``\texttt{**}''$B%H!<%/%s$r;H$&!%$3$l$i$N0c$$$r@b(B
$BL@$9$k$?$a$KNc$r<($9!%(B

\interaction{filenames.glob.star-starstar}

%\subsection{Regular expression matching with \texttt{re} patterns}
\subsection{\texttt{re}$B%Q%?!<%s$r;H$C$?@55,I=8=%^%C%A(B}

%Mercurial accepts the same regular expression syntax as the Python
%programming language (it uses Python's regexp engine internally).
%This is based on the Perl language's regexp syntax, which is the most
%popular dialect in use (it's also used in Java, for example).

Mercurial$B$O(BPython$B8@8l$HF1$8@55,I=8=9=J8$r<u$1IU$1$k!%!J(BMercurial$B$OFbIt$G(B
Python$B$N@55,I=8=%(%s%8%s$r;H$C$F$$$k!%!K$3$l$O(BPerl$B$N(Bregexp$B9=J8$r85$K$7$F(B
$B$$$k!%$3$N9=J8$O:G$b$h$/MQ$$$i$l$F$$$k$b$N$G$"$j!$$?$H$($P(BJava$B$G$bMxMQ$5(B
$B$l$F$$$k!%(B

%I won't discuss Mercurial's regexp dialect in any detail here, as
%regexps are not often used.  Perl-style regexps are in any case
%already exhaustively documented on a multitude of web sites, and in
%many books.  Instead, I will focus here on a few things you should
%know if you find yourself needing to use regexps with Mercurial.

regexp$B$,$=$l$[$I;H$o$l$F$$$J$$$+$N$h$&$K$3$3$G(BMercurial$B$N(Bregexp$B9=J8$K$D$$(B
$B$F5DO@$9$k$3$H$OHr$1$k!%(B Perl$B%9%?%$%k(Bregexp$B$O$9$G$KB?$/$N%&%'%V%5%$%H$d=q(B
$B@R$G$G>\:Y$KEO$C$F@bL@$5$l$F$$$k!%$=$NBe$o$j!$$3$3$G$O(BMercurial$B$G(Bregexp$B$r(B
$B;H$&:]$KCN$C$F$*$/$Y$-$$$/$D$+$NE@$K>GE@$rEv$F$k$3$H$K$9$k!%(B

%A regexp is matched against an entire file name, relative to the root
%of the repository.  In other words, even if you're already in
%subbdirectory \dirname{foo}, if you want to match files under this
%directory, your pattern must start with ``\texttt{foo/}''.

regexp$B$O%U%!%$%kL>A4BN$H%^%C%A$9$k$,!$%U%!%$%kL>$O%j%]%8%H%j$N%k!<%H$+$i(B
$B$NAjBP%Q%9$GI=$5$l$k!%8@$$BX$($l$P!$$9$G$K%5%V%G%#%l%/%H%j(B\dirname{foo}$B$K(B
$B$$$k$H$7$F!$$3$N%G%#%l%/%H%jFb$N%U%!%$%k$K%^%C%A$5$;$?$1$l(B
$B$P!$(B``\texttt{foo/}''$B$G;O$^$k%Q%?!<%s$rEO$9I,MW$,$"$k!%(B

%One thing to note, if you're familiar with Perl-style regexps, is that
%Mercurial's are \emph{rooted}.  That is, a regexp starts matching
%against the beginning of a string; it doesn't look for a match
%anywhere within the string.  To match anywhere in a string, start
%your pattern with ``\texttt{.*}''.

Perl$B7A<0$N(Bregexp$B$K47$l$F$$$k$N$J$i!$(BMercurial$B$N(Bregexp$B$O(B\emph{root}$B$r;}$D(B
$B$H$$$&E@$KCm0U$7$F$*$/$H$h$$!%$9$J$o$A!$(Bregexp$B$OJ8;zNs$N;O$^$j$+$i%^%C%A(B
$B$7!$J8;zNs$NESCf$+$i$O%^%C%A$7$J$$!%J8;zNs$NESCf$+$i%^%C%A$5$;$?$$>l9g(B
$B$O!$%Q%?!<%s$r(B``\texttt{.*}''$B$G;O$a$kI,MW$,$"$k!%(B

%\section{Filtering files}
\section{$B%U%!%$%k$r%U%#%k%?$9$k(B}

%Not only does Mercurial give you a variety of ways to specify files;
%it lets you further winnow those files using \emph{filters}.  Commands
%that work with file names accept two filtering options.

Mercurial$B$O%U%!%$%k$r;XDj$9$kMM!9$JJ}K!$rDs6!$9$k$@$1$G$J$/!$$5$i$K(B
\emph{$B%U%#%k%?(B}$B$K$h$C$F%U%!%$%k$rA*JL$9$kJ}K!$rDs6!$9$k!%%U%!%$%kL>$r<h$C(B
$B$FF0:n$9$k%3%^%s%I$O(B2$B$D$N%U%#%k%?%*%W%7%g%s$r<u$1IU$1$k!%(B

\begin{itemize}
%\item \hggopt{-I}, or \hggopt{--include}, lets you specify a pattern
%  that file names must match in order to be processed.
 \item \hggopt{-I}$B$^$?$O(B\hggopt{--include}$B%*%W%7%g%s$G;XDj$7$?%Q%?!<%s$K(B
       $B%^%C%A$7$?%U%!%$%k$,=hM}$5$l$k!%(B
%\item \hggopt{-X}, or \hggopt{--exclude}, gives you a way to
%  \emph{avoid} processing files, if they match this pattern.
 \item \hggopt{-X}$B$^$?$O(B\hggopt{--exclude}$B%*%W%7%g%s$G;XDj$7$?%Q%?!<%s$K(B
       $B%^%C%A$7$?%U%!%$%k$O=hM}$+$i=|30$5$l$k!%(B
\end{itemize}

%You can provide multiple \hggopt{-I} and \hggopt{-X} options on the
%command line, and intermix them as you please.  Mercurial interprets
%the patterns you provide using glob syntax by default (but you can use
%regexps if you need to).

$B%3%^%s%I%i%$%s$GJ#?t$N(B\hggopt{-I}$B$*$h$S(B\hggopt{-X}$B%*%W%7%g%s$r;XDj$7!$=j(B
$BK>$NAH9g$;$K$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B Mercurial$B$O%G%U%)%k%H$G$O(Bglob$B9=J8$GM?$($?(B
$B%Q%?!<%s$r2r<a$9$k$,!$@55,I=8=$r;H$&$3$H$b2DG=$G$"$k!%(B

%You can read a \hggopt{-I} filter as ``process only the files that
%match this filter''.

\hggopt{-I}$B%U%#%k%?$O(B``$B$3$N%U%#%k%?$K%^%C%A$9$k%U%!%$%k$@$1$r=hM}$9$k(B''
$B$HFI$_BX$($k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B
\interaction{filenames.filter.include}

%The \hggopt{-X} filter is best read as ``process only the files that
%don't match this pattern''.

\hggopt{-X}$B%U%#%k%?$O(B``$B$3$N%Q%?!<%s$K%^%C%A$7$J$$%U%!%$%k$@$1$r=hM}$9$k(B''$B$H(B
$BFI$_BX$($k$N$,:G$bAj1~$7$$!%(B
\interaction{filenames.filter.exclude}


%\section{Permanently ignoring unwanted files and directories}
\section{$BITI,MW$J%U%!%$%k$d%G%#%l%/%H%j$r1J5WE*$KL5;k$9$k(B}

%When you create a new repository, the chances are that over time it will
%grow to contain files that ought to \emph{not} be managed by Mercurial,
%but which you don't want to see listed every time you run
%\hgcmd{status}.  For instance, ``build products'' are files that are
%created as part of a build but which should not be managed by a revision
%control system.  The most common build products are output files
%produced by software tools such as compilers.  As another example, many
%text editors litter a directory with lock files, temporary working
%files, and backup files, which it also makes no sense to manage.

$B?7$7$$%j%]%8%H%j$r:n@.$7!$3+H/:n6H$rB3$1$k$H!$;~4V$N7P2a$H$H$b$K%S%k%I@8(B
$B@.J*$J$I$N$h$&$K%j%S%8%g%s4IM}%7%9%F%`$G4IM}$9$Y$-$G$J$$%U%!%$%k$,%j%]%8(B
$B%H%j$KB?$/4^$^$l$k$h$&$K$J$k!%(BMercurial$B$N4IM}30$K$"$k$3$l$i$N%U%!%$%k(B
$B$O!$(B\hgcmd{status}$B$r<B9T$9$k$H$$$A$$$A2hLL$KI=<($5$l$F$7$^$&!%:G$bE57?E*(B
$B$J%S%k%I@8@.J*$O!$%3%s%Q%$%i$J$I$N%D!<%k$G@8@.$5$l$k=PNO%U%!%$%k$G$"$k!%(B
$B$=$NB>$K$O!$B?$/$N%F%-%9%H%(%G%#%?$,%G%#%l%/%H%j$KCV$/%m%C%/%U%!%$%k$d!$(B
$B0l;~E*$J%o!<%-%s%0%U%!%$%k!$%P%C%/%"%C%W%U%!%$%k$J$I$,$"$k!%(B

%To have Mercurial permanently ignore such files, create a file named
%\filename{.hgignore} in the root of your repository.  You \emph{should}
%\hgcmd{add} this file so that it gets tracked with the rest of your
%repository contents, since your collaborators will probably find it
%useful too.

Mercurial$B$K$3$l$i$r1J5WE*$KL5;k$5$;$k$?$a$K$O!$%j%]%8%H%j$N%k!<%H%G%#%l%/(B
$B%H%j$K(B\filename{.hgignore}$B$H$$$&L>A0$N%U%!%$%k$r:n@.$9$k!%$3$N%U%!%$%k$O(B
$B$*$=$i$/B>$N6(NO<TC#$K$H$C$F$bM-MQ$G$"$k$+$i!$%j%]%8%H%j$NB>$N;D$j$NItJ,(B
$B$HF1MM$K4IM}$5$l$k$h$&!$(B \hgcmd{add}$B$9$Y$-$G$"$k!%(B

%By default, the \filename{.hgignore} file should contain a list of
%regular expressions, one per line.  Empty lines are skipped. Most people
%prefer to describe the files they want to ignore using the ``glob''
%syntax that we described above, so a typical \filename{.hgignore} file
%will start with this directive:

$B%G%U%)%k%H$G$O(B\filename{.hgignore}$B%U%!%$%k$O(B1$B9T$K(B1$B$D$:$D@55,I=8=$N%j%9%H(B
$B$r<u$1IU$1$k$h$&$K$J$C$F$$$k!%6u9T$OL5;k$5$l$k!%KX$s$I$N%f!<%6$OL5;k$9$Y(B
$B$-%U%!%$%k$rA0=R$N(B``glob''$B9=J8$rMQ$$$F5-=R$9$k$3$H$r9%$`$N$G!$(B
\filename{.hgignore}$B$N:G=i$O<!$N$h$&$J%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$G;O$a$k!%(B

\begin{codesample2}
syntax: glob
\end{codesample2}

%This tells Mercurial to interpret the lines that follow as glob
%patterns, not regular expressions.

$B$3$l$O8eB3$N9T$r@55,I=8=$G$O$J$/(Bglob$B%Q%?!<%s$H$7$F2r<a$9$k$h$&(BMercurial$B$K(B
$B;X<($9$k!%(B

%Here is a typical-looking \filename{.hgignore} file.

$BE57?E*$J(B\filename{.hgignore}$B%U%!%$%k$NNc$r<($9!%(B

\begin{codesample2}
syntax: glob
%# This line is a comment, and will be skipped.
%# Empty lines are skipped too.
# $B$3$N9T$O%3%a%s%H$G!$%9%-%C%W$5$l$k!%(B
# $B6u9T$bF1MM$K%9%-%C%W$5$l$k!%(B

%# Backup files left behind by the Emacs editor.
# Emacs$B%(%G%#%?$K$h$C$F;D$5$l$k%P%C%/%"%C%W%U%!%$%k!%(B
*~

%# Lock files used by the Emacs editor.
%# Notice that the "#" character is quoted with a backslash.
%# This prevents it from being interpreted as starting a comment.
# Emacs$B%(%G%#%?$,;HMQ$9$k%m%C%/%U%!%$%k(B
# "#"$BJ8;z$,%P%C%/%9%i%C%7%e$G%(%9%1!<%W$5$l$F$$$k$3$H$KCm0U!%(B
# $B$3$l$K$h$C$F%3%a%s%H$N3+;OJ8;z$H$7$F2r<a$5$l$k$N$rKI$$$G$$$k!%(B
.\#*

%# Temporary files used by the vim editor.
# vim$B%(%G%#%?$,;HMQ$9$k0l;~%U%!%$%k(B
.*.swp

%# A hidden file created by the Mac OS X Finder.
# Mac OS X$B$N%U%!%$%s%@!<$K$h$C$F:n$i$l$k1#$7%U%!%$%k(B
.DS_Store
\end{codesample2}


%\section{Case sensitivity}
\section{$BBgJ8;z>.J8;z$N1F6A(B}
\label{sec:names:case}

%If you're working in a mixed development environment that contains
%both Linux (or other Unix) systems and Macs or Windows systems, you
%should keep in the back of your mind the knowledge that they treat the
%case (``N'' versus ``n'') of file names in incompatible ways.  This is
%not very likely to affect you, and it's easy to deal with if it does,
%but it could surprise you if you don't know about it.

Linux$B$r$O$8$a$H$9$k(BUnix$B$d(BMac$B!$(BWindows$B$,:.:_$9$k3+H/4D6-$G:n6H$r$7$F$$$k$N(B
$B$J$i!$3F!9$N%7%9%F%`$O%U%!%$%kL>$N(B(``N''$B$H(B``n'')$B$N$h$&$JBg>.J8;z$r0[$J$C(B
$B$?$d$jJ}$G<h$j07$&$3$H$KN10U$9$Y$-$G$"$k!%$3$l$,LdBj$K$J$k$3$H$OLGB?$K$J(B
$B$/!$LdBj$K$J$k>l9g$G$b4JC1$K2r7h$G$-$k$,!$%7%9%F%`4V$G$N<h$j07$$$N0c$$$r(B
$BCN$i$J$1$l$P6C$/$3$H$K$J$k$@$m$&!%(B

%Operating systems and filesystems differ in the way they handle the
%\emph{case} of characters in file and directory names.  There are
%three common ways to handle case in names.
$B%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$H%U%!%$%k%7%9%F%`$O!$%U%!%$%kL>$H%G%#%l%/%H%jL>(B
$B$N(B\emph{$BBg>.J8;z(B}$B$N07$$$G0[$J$C$F$$$k!%Bg>.J8;z$r07$&J}K!$O(B3$BDL$j$"$k!%(B

\begin{itemize}
%\item Completely case insensitive.  Uppercase and lowercase versions
%  of a letter are treated as identical, both when creating a file and
%  during subsequent accesses.  This is common on older DOS-based
%  systems.
 \item $B40A4$KBg>.J8;z$r6hJL$7$J$$!%BgJ8;z$H>.J8;z$O!$%U%!%$%k$N:n@.$H$=(B
       $B$N8e$N%"%/%;%9$GF10l$K07$o$l$k!%$3$l$O8E$$(BDOS$B%Y!<%9$N%7%9%F%`$GMQ(B
       $B$$$i$l$F$$$?!%(B

%\item Case preserving, but insensitive.  When a file or directory is
%  created, the case of its name is stored, and can be retrieved and
%  displayed by the operating system.  When an existing file is being
%  looked up, its case is ignored.  This is the standard arrangement on
%  Windows and MacOS.  The names \filename{foo} and \filename{FoO}
%  identify the same file.  This treatment of uppercase and lowercase
%  letters as interchangeable is also referred to as \emph{case
%    folding}.
 \item $BBg>.J8;z$N0c$$$OJ]B8$5$l$k$,6hJL$5$l$J$$!%%U%!%$%k$d%G%#%l%/%H%j$,(B
       $B:n$i$l$k$H!$%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$OL>A0$NBg>.J8;z$rJ]B8$7!$I=<((B
       $B$J$I$K;HMQ$9$k!%4{B8$N%U%!%$%k$,;2>H$5$l$k;~$O!$Bg>.J8;z$OL5;k$5$l(B
       $B$k!%$3$l$O(BWindows$B$H(BMacOS$B$GI8=`E*$J<h$j07$$$G$"$k!%(B\filename{foo}$B$H(B
       \filename{FoO}$B$OF10l$N%U%!%$%k$HG'<1$5$l$k!%$3$N$h$&$JBg>.J8;z$N<h(B
       $B$j07$$$O(B\emph{case folding}$B$H8F$P$l$k$3$H$b$"$k!%(B

%\item Case sensitive.  The case of a name is significant at all times.
%  The names \filename{foo} and {FoO} identify different files.  This
%  is the way Linux and Unix systems normally work.
 \item $BBg>.J8;z$r6hJL$9$k!%>o$KBg>.J8;z$GL>A0$r6hJL$9$k!%(B\filename{foo}
       $B$H(B{FoO}$B$OJL$N%U%!%$%k$HG'<1$5$l$k!%$3$l$O(BLinux$B$d(BUnix$B%7%9%F%`$NDL(B
       $B>o$N<h$j07$$$G$"$k!%(B

\end{itemize}

%On Unix-like systems, it is possible to have any or all of the above
%ways of handling case in action at once.  For example, if you use a
%USB thumb drive formatted with a FAT32 filesystem on a Linux system,
%Linux will handle names on that filesystem in a case preserving, but
%insensitive, way.
Unix$B7O$N%7%9%F%`$G$OF1;~$K>e5-$NJ}K!$rMxMQ$9$k$3$H$,2DG=$G$"$k!%Nc$($P(B
USB$B%a%b%j$r(BLinux$B$G(BFAT32$B%U%!%$%k%7%9%F%`$H$7$F%U%)!<%^%C%H$7$?>l9g!$(B
Linux$B$O$=$N%U%!%$%k%7%9%F%`>e$N%U%!%$%kL>$rBg>.J8;zJ]B8$@$,6hJL$;$:$K<h$j(B
$B07$&!%(B


%\subsection{Safe, portable repository storage}
\subsection{$B0BA4$G2DHB$J%j%]%8%H%j%9%H%l!<%8(B}

%Mercurial's repository storage mechanism is \emph{case safe}.  It
%translates file names so that they can be safely stored on both case
%sensitive and case insensitive filesystems.  This means that you can
%use normal file copying tools to transfer a Mercurial repository onto,
%for example, a USB thumb drive, and safely move that drive and
%repository back and forth between a Mac, a PC running Windows, and a
%Linux box.

Mercurial$B$N%j%]%8%H%j3JG<%a%+%K%:%`$O(B\emph{$BBg>.J8;z%;!<%U(B}$B$G$"$k!%(B
Mercurial$B$OBg>.J8;z$N6hJL$r$9$k%7%9%F%`$G$b$7$J$$%7%9%F%`$G$b0BA4$KJ]B8$G(B
$B$-$k$h$&$K%U%!%$%kL>$rJQ49$9$k!%$3$N$?$a!$DL>o$N%U%!%$%k%3%T!<%D!<%k$r;H$C(B
$B$F(BMercurial$B%j%]%8%H%j$r(BUSB$B%a%b%j$KE>Aw$7!$(BMac$B!$(BWindows$B$NF0$/(BPC$B!$(BLinux$B%^%7(B
$B%s$N4V$G0\F0$7$F$b0BA4$G$"$k!%(B


%\subsection{Detecting case conflicts}
\subsection{$BBgJ8;z>.J8;z$N>WFM$r8!=P$9$k(B}

%When operating in the working directory, Mercurial honours the naming
%policy of the filesystem where the working directory is located.  If
%the filesystem is case preserving, but insensitive, Mercurial will
%treat names that differ only in case as the same.

$B%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$G$NF0:n$N:]$K!$(B Mercurial$B$O%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j(B
$B$N$"$k%U%!%$%k%7%9%F%`$N%M!<%_%s%0%]%j%7!<$rB:=E$9$k!%Bg>.J8;z$rJ]B8$9$k(B
$B$,6hJL$7$J$$%U%!%$%k%7%9%F%`$N>l9g!$(BMercurial$B$OL>A0$NBg>.$@$1$,0[$J$C$F$$(B
$B$k%U%!%$%k$rF1$8%U%!%$%k$H$7$F<h$j07$&!%(B

%An important aspect of this approach is that it is possible to commit
%a changeset on a case sensitive (typically Linux or Unix) filesystem
%that will cause trouble for users on case insensitive (usually Windows
%and MacOS) users.  If a Linux user commits changes to two files, one
%named \filename{myfile.c} and the other named \filename{MyFile.C},
%they will be stored correctly in the repository.  And in the working
%directories of other Linux users, they will be correctly represented
%as separate files.

$B$3$N%"%W%m!<%A$G=EMW$J$N$O!$Bg>.$r6hJL$9$k%U%!%$%k%7%9%F%`!JE57?E*$K$O(B
Linux$B$*$h$S(BUnix$B!K$GBg>.$r6hJL$7$J$$%7%9%F%`!JDL>o!$(BWindows$B$^$?$O(BMacOS$B!K$N(B
$B%f!<%6$K$H$C$F%H%i%V%k$H$J$k$h$&$J%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$r%3%_%C%H$9$k$3$H$,2DG=(B
$B$G$"$k$H$$$&E@$G$"$k!%$b$7(BLinux$B%f!<%6$,(B\filename{myfile.c}$B$H$$$&%U%!%$%k(B
$B$H(B\filename{MyFile.C}$B$H$$$&%U%!%$%k$KBP$9$k%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$r%3%_%C%H$7$?>l(B
$B9g!$$=$l$i$O%j%]%8%H%j$K@5$7$/J]B8$5$l!$B>$N(BLinux$B%f!<%6$N%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l(B
$B%/%H%j$G$b@5$7$/JL!9$N%U%!%$%k$H$7$F8=$l$k!%(B

%If a Windows or Mac user pulls this change, they will not initially
%have a problem, because Mercurial's repository storage mechanism is
%case safe.  However, once they try to \hgcmd{update} the working
%directory to that changeset, or \hgcmd{merge} with that changeset,
%Mercurial will spot the conflict between the two file names that the
%filesystem would treat as the same, and forbid the update or merge
%from occurring.

$B$3$3$G(BWindows$B$^$?$O(BMac$B$N%f!<%6$,$3$N%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$r(Bpull$B$9$k$H!$(B
Mercurial$B$N%j%]%8%H%j3JG<%a%+%K%:%`$OBg>.J8;z$KBP$7$F0BA4$J$?$a!$:G=i$N$&(B
$B$A$OLdBj$H$J$i$J$$!%$7$+$7%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$r$=$N%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$K(B
\hgcmd{update}$B$7$h$&$H$7$?$j!$$=$N%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$H(B\hgcmd{merge}$B$7$h$&$H$9(B
$B$k$H!$(BMercurial$B$O!$(B 2$B$D$N%U%!%$%kL>$r%U%!%$%k%7%9%F%`$,F1$8L>A0$H$7$F07$&(B
$B$?$a$K@8$8$k%3%s%U%j%/%H$r8!=P$7!$(B update$B$d(Bmerge$B$r5v$5$J$$!%(B

%\subsection{Fixing a case conflict}
\subsection{$BBgJ8;z>.J8;z$N>WFM$r2r7h$9$k(B}

%If you are using Windows or a Mac in a mixed environment where some of
%your collaborators are using Linux or Unix, and Mercurial reports a
%case folding conflict when you try to \hgcmd{update} or \hgcmd{merge},
%the procedure to fix the problem is simple.

$B$b$7$"$J$?$,(BWindows$B$d(BMac$B$r;H$C$F$$$F!$2??M$+$N6(NO<T$,(BLinux$B$^$?$O(BUnix$B$r;H$C(B
$B$F$$$k:.9g4D6-$G3+H/$r$7$F$*$j!$(B \hgcmd{update}$B$^$?$O(B\hgcmd{merge}$B$G(B
Mercurial$B$,Bg>.J8;z$N%3%s%U%j%/%H$r8!=P$9$k$N$G$"$l$P!$2r7hJ}K!$O%7%s%W%k(B
$B$G$"$k!%(B

%Just find a nearby Linux or Unix box, clone the problem repository
%onto it, and use Mercurial's \hgcmd{rename} command to change the
%names of any offending files or directories so that they will no
%longer cause case folding conflicts.  Commit this change, \hgcmd{pull}
%or \hgcmd{push} it across to your Windows or MacOS system, and
%\hgcmd{update} to the revision with the non-conflicting names.

$B<j6a$J(BLinux$B$^$?$O(BUnix$B%^%7%s$N>e$K!$LdBj$N$"$k%j%]%8%H%j$r%/%m!<%s$7!$(B
Mercurial$B$N(B\hgcmd{rename}$B$r<B9T$7$FLdBj$N$"$k%U%!%$%k$d%G%#%l%/%H%j$NL>A0(B
$B$rJQ99$7!$%3%s%U%j%/%H$r2r7h$9$k!%$3$NJQ99$r%3%_%C%H$7!$(B\hgcmd{pull}$B$^$?(B
$B$O(B\hgcmd{push}$B%3%^%s%I$G$"$J$?$N(BWindows$B$^$?$O(BMacOS$B%7%9%F%`$KE>Aw(B
$B$7!$(B\hgcmd{update}$B$G%3%s%U%j%/%H$N$J$$%j%S%8%g%s$X99?7$9$l$P$h$$!%(B

%The changeset with case-conflicting names will remain in your
%project's history, and you still won't be able to \hgcmd{update} your
%working directory to that changeset on a Windows or MacOS system, but
%you can continue development unimpeded.

$BBg>.J8;z$N%U%!%$%kL>%3%s%U%j%/%H$,$"$k%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$O%W%m%8%'%/%H$NMzNr(B
$B$K;D$C$F$*$j!$(B Windows$B$d(BMacOS$B$7$9$F$`$G$O$=$N%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$X(B
\hgcmd{update}$B$9$k$3$H$O$G$-$J$$$b$N$N!$LdBj$J$/3+H/$rB3$1$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B


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