%\chapter{Collaborating with other people}
\chapter{$BB>$N?M!9$H$N6&F1:n6H(B}
\label{cha:collab}

%As a completely decentralised tool, Mercurial doesn't impose any
%policy on how people ought to work with each other.  However, if
%you're new to distributed revision control, it helps to have some
%tools and examples in mind when you're thinking about possible
%workflow models.

$B40A4$JJ,;67?%D!<%k$H$7$F!$(BMercurial$B$O%f!<%6$,B>$N%f!<%6$H$I$N$h$&$K:n6H$9(B
$B$k$+$N%]%j%7!<$r6/MW$9$k$3$H$O$J$$!%$7$+$7=i$a$FJ,;6%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<(B
$B%k%D!<%k$r;H$&$N$G$"$l$P!$$$$/$D$+$N%D!<%k$N;HMQK!$H;HMQNc$rCN$k$3$H$,(B
$B<h$jF@$k%o!<%/%U%m!<%b%G%k$r9M$($k:]$K=u$1$H$J$k$G$"$m$&!%(B

%\section{Mercurial's web interface}
\section{Mercurial$B$N%&%'%V%$%s%?%U%'!<%9(B}

%Mercurial has a powerful web interface that provides several
%useful capabilities.

Mercurial$B$O$$$/$D$+$NM-MQ$J5!G=$r;}$D6/NO$J%&%'%V%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$rHw$($F(B
$B$$$k!%(B

%For interactive use, the web interface lets you browse a single
%repository or a collection of repositories.  You can view the history
%of a repository, examine each change (comments and diffs), and view
%the contents of each directory and file. You can even get a view of
%history that gives a graphical view of the relationships between
%individual changes and merges.

$BBPOCE*$JMxMQ$G$O!$%&%'%V%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$K$h$j(B1$B$D$N%j%]%8%H%j$^$?$O$$$/$D$+(B
$B$N%j%]%8%H%j$N%3%l%/%7%g%s$r1\Mw$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%%j%]%8%H%j$NMzNr$r8+$?(B
$B$j!$3F!9$NJQ99!J%3%a%s%H$d:9J,$r4^$`!K$rD4$Y$?$j!$%G%#%l%/%H%j$d%U%!%$%k(B
$B$NFbMF$r8+$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%$^$?!$MzNr$rI=<($7!$8D!9$NJQ99$d%^!<%8$N4X78$r(B
$B%0%i%U%#%+%k$KI=<($9$k$3$H$b2DG=$G$"$k!%(B

%Also for human consumption, the web interface provides Atom and RSS feed
%of the changes in a repository.  This lets you ``subscribe'' to a
%repository using your favorite feed reader, and be automatically
%notified of activity in that repository as soon as it happens.  I find
%this capability much more convenient than the model of subscribing to
%a mailing list to which notifications are sent, as it requires no
%additional configuration on the part of whoever is serving the
%repository.

$B%&%'%V%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$O1\MwMQ$K%j%]%8%H%j$NJQ99$N(BAtom$B$*$h$S(BRSS$B%U%#!<%I$rDs(B
$B6!$9$k!%$3$l$r;H$($P!$%j%]%8%H%j$NJQ2=$r9%$_$N%U%#!<%I%j!<%@$K$h$C$F(B``$B9X(B
$BFI(B''$B$9$k$3$H$,$G$-!$%j%]%8%H%j$G$N3hF0$,5/$3$k$H$9$0$5$^DLCN$r<u$1$i$l(B
$B$k!%$3$N5!G=$OC/$,%j%]%8%H%j$N%5!<%S%9$r9T$C$F$bDI2C$N@_Dj$rI,MW$H$7$J$$(B
$B$?$a!$%a!<%j%s%0%j%9%H$r9XFI$7$FDLCN$r<u$1$k%b%G%k$h$j$b$:$C$HJXMx$G$"$k!%(B

%The web interface also lets remote users clone a repository, pull
%changes from it, and (when the server is configured to permit it) push
%changes back to it.  Mercurial's HTTP tunneling protocol aggressively
%compresses data, so that it works efficiently even over low-bandwidth
%network connections.

$B%j%b!<%H%f!<%6$O%&%'%V%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$rMQ$$$F%j%]%8%H%j$r%/%m!<%s$9$k$3$H(B
$B$b$G$-$k!%JQ99$r(Bpull$B$7$F!$!J%5!<%P$,5v2D$9$k@_Dj$K$J$C$F$$$l$P!K2C$($?JQ(B
$B99$r:F$S(Bpush$B$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$k!%(BMercurial$B$N(BHTTP$B%H%s%M%k%W%m%H%3%k$O%G!<%?$r(B
$B@Q6KE*$K05=L$9$k$?$a!$%P%s%II}$NDc$$%M%C%H%o!<%/%3%M%/%7%g%s$G$bM-8z$K5!(B
$BG=$9$k!%(B

%The easiest way to get started with the web interface is to use your
%web browser to visit an existing repository, such as the master
%Mercurial repository at
%\url{http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg}.

$B%&%'%V%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$N:G$b4JC1$J;O$aJ}$O%&%'%V%V%i%&%6$r;H$C$F(BMercurial$B$N(B
$B%^%9%?%j%]%8%H%j(B\url{http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg}$B$N$h$&$J4{B8$N%j%]%8(B
$B%H%j$r;2>H$9$k$3$H$G$"$k!%(B

%If you're interested in providing a web interface to your own
%repositories, there are several good ways to do this.

$B<+J,$N%j%]%8%H%j$K%&%'%V%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$rMQ0U$9$k>l9g!$$$$/$D$+NI$$J}K!$,(B
$B$"$k!%(B

%The easiest and fastest way to get started in an informal environment is
%to use the \hgcmd{serve} command, which is best suited to short-term
%``lightweight'' serving.  See section~\ref{sec:collab:serve} below for
%details of how to use this command.  If you have a long-lived
%repository that you'd like to make permanently available, Mercurial
%has built-in support for the CGI (Common Gateway Interface) standard,
%which all common web servers support.  See
%section~\ref{sec:collab:cgi} for details of CGI configuration.

$B8x<0$G$O$J$$4D6-$G9T$&:G$b4JC1$GAa$$J}K!$O!$(B\hgcmd{serve}$B%3%^%s%I$r;H$&J}(B
$BK!$G!$$3$l$OC;4|4V$N(B``$B<j7Z$J(B''$B%5!<%S%9$KE*$7$F$$$k!%$3$N%3%^%s%I$N>\:Y$J(B
$B;HMQK!$K$D$$$F$O2<5-$N(B~\ref{sec:collab:serve}$B@a$r;2>H$N$3$H!%%j%]%8%H%j$r(B
$BD94|4V$K$o$?$j1JB3E*$K%5!<%S%9$7$?$$>l9g$O!$(BMercurial$B$KFbB"$N(BCGI(Common
Gateway Interface)$B%5%]!<%H$rMxMQ$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B CGI$B$N@_Dj$K$D$$$F(B
$B$O(B~\ref{sec:collab:cgi}$B@a$r;2>H$N$3$H!%(B

%\section{Collaboration models}
\section{$B6&F1:n6H%b%G%k(B}

%With a suitably flexible tool, making decisions about workflow is much
%more of a social engineering challenge than a technical one.
%Mercurial imposes few limitations on how you can structure the flow of
%work in a project, so it's up to you and your group to set up and live
%with a model that matches your own particular needs.

$BE,@Z$G=@Fp$J%D!<%k$r$b$C$F$7$F$b!$%o!<%/%U%m!<$K4X$9$k7hDj$r$9$k$3$H$O5;(B
$B=QE*$H$$$&$h$j$O<R2q9)3XE*$J%A%c%l%s%8$G$"$k!%(B Mercurial$B$,%W%m%8%'%/%H$N(B
$B%o!<%/%U%m!<$K2]$9@)8B$O$[$H$s$I$J$$$?$a!$$3$l$r$$$+$K9=C[$9$k$+$O$"$J$?(B
$B$H$=$N6&F1:n6H<T$KG$$5$l$F$*$j!$8GM-$NMW5a%^%C%A$9$k%b%G%k$r:n$k$3$H$,$G(B
$B$-$k!%(B

%\subsection{Factors to keep in mind}
\subsection{$B9MN8$9$Y$-MWAG(B}

%The most important aspect of any model that you must keep in mind is
%how well it matches the needs and capabilities of the people who will
%be using it.  This might seem self-evident; even so, you still can't
%afford to forget it for a moment.

$B$I$N$h$&$J%b%G%k$r;H$&>l9g$G$b!$$=$l$,:n6H$9$k?M!9$NMW5a$HG=NO$KE,$C$?$b(B
$B$N$G$"$k$+$r>o$KG0F,$KCV$/$3$H$,:G$b=EMW$G$"$k!%(B
$B$3$l$O<+L@$N$3$H$N$h$&$K;W$($k$+$b$7$l$J$$$,!$JR;~$bK:$l$F$O$J$i$J$$!%(B

%I once put together a workflow model that seemed to make perfect sense
%to me, but that caused a considerable amount of consternation and
%strife within my development team.  In spite of my attempts to explain
%why we needed a complex set of branches, and how changes ought to flow
%between them, a few team members revolted.  Even though they were
%smart people, they didn't want to pay attention to the constraints we
%were operating under, or face the consequences of those constraints in
%the details of the model that I was advocating.

$B<+J,$K$H$C$F40A4$H;W$($k%o!<%/%U%m!<%b%G%k$r9=C[$7$?$D$b$j$,!$6&F13+H/%A!<(B
$B%`$K$H$C$F$OBg$-$J6C$-$H3kF#$rM?$($F$7$^$C$?$3$H$,$"$k!%J#;($J%V%i%s%A$N(B
$B=89g$,$J$<I,MW$J$N$+JQ99$,%V%i%s%A4V$G$I$N$h$&$KEAGE$9$k$N$+$r@bL@$7$?$K(B
$B$b$+$+$o$i$:!$4v?M$+$N%A!<%`%a%s%P!<$OH?H/$7$?!%H`$i$OAoL@$G$"$C$?$,!$;d(B
$B$N94$C$?%k!<%k$,:n6H$KM?$($k@)8B$d!$%b%G%k$N:YIt$KM?$($k1F6A$KCm0U$rJ'$&(B
$B$3$H$rK>$^$J$+$C$?!%(B

%Don't sweep foreseeable social or technical problems under the rug.
%Whatever scheme you put into effect, you should plan for mistakes and
%problem scenarios.  Consider adding automated machinery to prevent, or
%quickly recover from, trouble that you can anticipate.  As an example,
%if you intend to have a branch with not-for-release changes in it,
%you'd do well to think early about the possibility that someone might
%accidentally merge those changes into a release branch.  You could
%avoid this particular problem by writing a hook that prevents changes
%from being merged from an inappropriate branch.

$B>-Mh5/$3$jF@$k<R2qE*$^$?$O5;=QE*LdBj$KL\$rbT$C$F$O$J$i$J$$!%$I$N$h$&$JJ}(B
$BK!$r$H$k$K$7$F$b!$4V0c$$$dLdBj$,5/$-$?>l9g$KHw$($F$*$/I,MW$,$"$k!%A[A|$7(B
$BF@$k%H%i%V%k$rKI;_$7$?$j!$%H%i%V%k$+$iAGAa$/2sI|$5$;$k$?$a$N<+F02=$5$l$?(B
$BJ}K!$r9M$($F$*$/I,MW$,$"$k!%$?$H$($P!$%j%j!<%9$K4^$a$J$$JQ99$r9T$C$?%V%i(B
$B%s%A$,$"$k$H$7$?$i!$C/$+$,8m$C$F$=$3$+$i%j%j!<%9%V%i%s%A$KJQ99$r%^!<%8$7(B
$B$F$7$^$&2DG=@-$K$D$$$F8!F$$7$F$*$/$Y$-$G$"$k!%$3$N>l9g$G$"$l$P!$ITE,@Z$J(B
$B%V%i%s%A$+$i$N%^!<%8$r6X;_$9$k%U%C%/$rMQ0U$9$k$3$H$GLdBj$r2sHr$9$k$3$H$,(B
$B$G$-$k!%(B

%\subsection{Informal anarchy}
\subsection{$BHs8x<0$J:.Mp(B}

%I wouldn't suggest an ``anything goes'' approach as something
%sustainable, but it's a model that's easy to grasp, and it works
%perfectly well in a few unusual situations.

$B$3$3$G=R$Y$k(B``$B$J$s$G$b$"$j(B''$B%"%W%m!<%A$,;}B32DG=$G$"$k$H8@$$$?$$$o$1$G$O(B
$B$J$$$N$@$,!$$3$N%b%G%k$OGD0.$7$d$9$/!$$$$/$D$+$N>u67$G$O$&$^$/5!G=$9$k$b(B
$B$N$@!%(B

%As one example, many projects have a loose-knit group of collaborators
%who rarely physically meet each other.  Some groups like to overcome
%the isolation of working at a distance by organizing occasional
%``sprints''.  In a sprint, a number of people get together in a single
%location (a company's conference room, a hotel meeting room, that kind
%of place) and spend several days more or less locked in there, hacking
%intensely on a handful of projects.

$BNc$($P%W%m%8%'%/%H$NB?$/$O<B:]$K$O$[$H$s$I2q$&$3$H$N$J$$6(NO<T$?$A$N4K$d(B
$B$+$J%0%k!<%W$r;}$D!%%0%k!<%W$N$$$/$D$+$O5!2qKh$KC;$$(B``$B%9%W%j%s%H(B''$B$r7A@.(B
$B$7!$N%$l$?>l=j$G$N3V@d$7$?:n6H$r9nI~$7$F$$$k!%%9%W%j%s%H$G$O!$!J4k6H$N2q(B
$B5D<<!$%[%F%k$N%_!<%F%#%s%0%k!<%`$N$h$&$J!K0l%+=j$K=8$^$C$F?tF|4V$K$o$?$C(B
$B$F>/?t$N%W%m%8%'%/%H$r=8CfE*$K%O%C%/$9$k!%(B

%A sprint or a hacking session in a coffee shop are the perfect places to
%use the \hgcmd{serve} command, since \hgcmd{serve} does not requires any
%fancy server infrastructure.  You can get started with \hgcmd{serve} in
%moments, by reading section~\ref{sec:collab:serve} below.  Then simply
%tell the person next to you that you're running a server, send the URL
%to them in an instant message, and you immediately have a
%quick-turnaround way to work together.  They can type your URL into
%their web browser and quickly review your changes; or they can pull a
%bugfix from you and verify it; or they can clone a branch containing a
%new feature and try it out.

$B%9%W%j%s%H$d%3!<%R!<%7%g%C%W$G$N%O%C%-%s%0%;%C%7%g%s$O(B\hgcmd{serve}$B%3%^%s(B
$B%I$r;H$&$N$^$5$K$K$&$C$F$D$1$N4D6-$G$"$k!%(B \hgcmd{serve}$B$O<j$N9~$s$@%5!<(B
$B%P@_Hw$rI,MW$H$7$J$$!%2<$N(B\ref{sec:collab:serve}$B%;%/%7%g%s$rFI$s$G$9$0$K(B
\hgcmd{serve}$B%3%^%s%I$r;H$&$3$H$,$G$-$k!%%5!<%P$r5/F0$7$F$$$k$3$H$rNY$N3+(B
$BH/<T$KOC$7$?$j!$%0%k!<%W$K(BURL$B$r%$%s%9%?%s%H%a%C%;!<%8$GAw$l$P!$$9$0$K?WB.(B
$B$J6&F1:n6H$,$G$-$k!%Aw$C$?(BURL$B$rB>$N3+H/<T$,%V%i%&%6$KF~NO$9$l$P!$H`$i$O4J(B
$BC1$K$"$J$?$NJQ99$r%l%S%e!<$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$7!$$"$J$?$N9T$C$?%P%0%U%#%C%/(B
$B%9$r(Bpull$B$7$F8!>Z$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$k!%$5$i$K!$?75!G=$N<BAu$5$l$?%V%i%s%A$r%/(B
$B%m!<%s$7$F;n$9$3$H$b$G$-$k!%(B

%The charm, and the problem, with doing things in an ad hoc fashion
%like this is that only people who know about your changes, and where
%they are, can see them.  Such an informal approach simply doesn't
%scale beyond a handful people, because each individual needs to know
%about \emph{n} different repositories to pull from.

$B%"%I%[%C%/$J$d$jJ}$G9T$&6&F1:n6H$NL%NO$HLdBj$O!$$"$J$?$NJQ99$rCN$C$F$$(B
$B$F!$>l=j$bJ,$+$C$F$$$k?M!9$7$+JQ99$r;2>H$G$-$J$$$3$H$G$"$k!%$3$N$h$&$JHs(B
$B8x<0$J%"%W%m!<%A$O!$3F?M$,(B\emph{n}$B8D$N0[$J$C$?%j%]%8%H%j$N$I$l$+$i(Bpull$B$r(B
$B9T$($P$$$$$+J,$+$C$F$$$kI,MW$,$"$k$?$a!$>/?M?t0J>e$K%9%1!<%k$7$J$$!%(B


%\subsection{A single central repository}
\subsection{1$B$D$N=8Cf%j%]%8%H%j(B}

%For smaller projects migrating from a centralised revision control
%tool, perhaps the easiest way to get started is to have changes flow
%through a single shared central repository.  This is also the
%most common ``building block'' for more ambitious workflow schemes.

$B=8Cf7?%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k%D!<%k$r;H$C$F$$$?>.5,LO$J%W%m%8%'%/%H$,0\9T(B
$B$9$k>l9g$K$O!$Cf1{$KC10l$N6&M-%j%]%8%H%j$r@_$1$F!$$=$NCf$GJQ99$r4IM}$9$k(B
$B$N$,:G$b4JC1$JJ}K!$G$"$m$&!%$3$N$h$&$J%j%]%8%H%j$O$b$C$H[#Kf$J%o!<%/%U%m!<(B
$B%9%-!<%`$K$H$C$F$b6&DL$N4pHW$H$J$k!%(B

%Contributors start by cloning a copy of this repository.  They can
%pull changes from it whenever they need to, and some (perhaps all)
%developers have permission to push a change back when they're ready
%for other people to see it.

$B6(NO<T$O%j%]%8%H%j$N%3%T!<$r%/%m!<%s$9$k$3$H$+$i;O$a$k!%$=$7$FI,MW$J;~$K(B
$BJQ99$r(Bpull$B$7!$4v?M$+$N!JA40w$+$b$7$l$J$$!K3+H/<T$O!$<+J,$N9T$C$?JQ99$rI,(B
$BMW$J;~$K(Bpush$B$9$k8"8B$r;}$D!%(B

%Under this model, it can still often make sense for people to pull
%changes directly from each other, without going through the central
%repository.  Consider a case in which I have a tentative bug fix, but
%I am worried that if I were to publish it to the central repository,
%it might subsequently break everyone else's trees as they pull it.  To
%reduce the potential for damage, I can ask you to clone my repository
%into a temporary repository of your own and test it.  This lets us put
%off publishing the potentially unsafe change until it has had a little
%testing.

$B$3$N%b%G%k$G$b!$Cf1{$N%j%]%8%H%j$r;2>H$;$:B>$N3+H/<T$N%j%]%8%H%j$+$iD>@\(B
$BJQ99$r(Bpull$B$9$k$3$H$K$O0UL#$,$"$k!%<j85$G2>$N%P%0=$@5$r9T$C$?$,!$$3$l$rCf(B
$B1{$N%j%]%8%H%j$G8x3+$7!$B>$N3+H/<TC#$,(Bpull$B$9$k$H3F!9$N%=!<%9%D%j!<$,2u$l(B
$B$k$*$=$l$,$"$k>l9g$r9M$($k!%%@%a!<%8$N2DG=@-$r2<$2$k$?$a$K!$JL$N3+H/<T$K(B
$B<+J,$N%j%]%8%H%j$r%/%m!<%s$7!$%F%9%H$9$k$3$H$r0MMj$9$k$3$H$,9M$($i$l$k!%(B
$B$3$NJ}K!$r<h$k$3$H$G!$:GDc8B$N%F%9%H$r9T$&$^$G!$LdBj$N$"$k2DG=@-$N$"$kJQ(B
$B99$r8x3+$9$k$3$H$r0z$-1d$P$9$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B

%If a team is hosting its own repository in this kind of scenario, people
%usually use the \command{ssh} protocol to securely push changes to the
%central repository, as documented in section~\ref{sec:collab:ssh}. It's
%also usual to publish a read-only copy of the repository over HTTP, as
%in section~\ref{sec:collab:cgi}. Publishing over HTTP satisfies the
%needs of people who don't have push access, and those who want to use
%web browsers to browse the repository's history.

$B$3$N>u67$G$O!$3+H/<T$?$A$ODL>o!$Cf1{$N%j%]%8%H%j$XJQ99$r%W%C%7%e$9$k$?$a(B
$B$K!$(B~\ref{sec:collab:ssh}$B@a$G@bL@$7$?$h$&$K(B\command{ssh}$B%W%m%H%3%k$rMQ$$(B
$B$k!%$^$?(B~\ref{sec:collab:cgi}$B@a$G=R$Y$?$h$&$K!$%j%]%8%H%j$NFI$_<h$j@lMQ%3(B
$B%T!<$r(BHTTP$B$G8x3+$9$k$N$b0lHLE*$G$"$k!%(B HTTP$B$K$h$k8x3+$G!$%W%C%7%e%"%/%;%9(B
$B8"$r;}$?$J$$?M!9$d%j%]%8%H%j$NMzNr$r%V%i%&%6$G;2>H$7$?$$?M$N%K!<%:$rK~$?(B
$B$9$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B

%\subsection{A hosted central repository}
\subsection{$B%[%9%F%#%s%0$K$h$kCf1{%j%]%8%H%j%5!<%S%9(B}

%A wonderful thing about public hosting services like Bitbucket
%(\url{http://bitbucket.org}) is that not only do they handle the
%fiddly server configuration details, such as user accounts,
%authentication, and secure wire protocols, they provide additional
%infrastructure to make this model work well.

Bitbucket(\url{http://bitbucket.org})$B$N$h$&$J8x6&$N%[%9%F%#%s%0%5!<%S%9$G(B
$B$O!$%f!<%6%"%+%&%s%H$N@_Dj!$G'>Z!$%;%-%e%"$JDL?.%W%m%H%3%k$J$I$NLLE]$J%5!<(B
$B%P@_Dj$r8*Be$j$7$F$/$l$k$@$1$G$J$/!$$3$N%b%G%k$,$b$C$HNI$/5!G=$9$k$?$a$N(B
$B%$%s%U%i$rDs6!$7$F$$$k!%(B

%For instance, a well-engineered hosting service will let
%people clone their own copies of a repository with a single
%click.  This lets people work in separate spaces and share
%their changes when they're ready.

$BNc$($P!$$&$^$/9=@.$5$l$?%[%9%F%#%s%0%5!<%S%9$O!$(B1$B%/%j%C%/$G%j%]%8%H%j$N%3(B
$B%T!<$r%/%m!<%s$G$-$k$h$&$K$J$C$F$$$k!%$3$l$K$h$j!$JL!9$N>l=j$G:n6H$r9T(B
$B$$!$=`Hw$,=PMh<!BhJQ99$r6&M-$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$h$&$K$J$k!%(B

%In addition, a good hosting service will let people communicate with
%each other, for instance to say ``there are changes ready for you to
%review in this tree''.

$B$^$?!$NI$$%[%9%F%#%s%0%5!<%S%9$O!$3+H/<TF1;N$,(B``$B$3$N%D%j!<$K%l%S%e!<$7$F(B
$BLc$$$?$$JQ99$,$"$k(B''$B$J$I$N$d$j$H$j$r$G$-$k$h$&$J5!G=$bDs6!$7$F$$$k!%(B

%\subsection{Working with multiple branches}
\subsection{$BJ#?t$N%V%i%s%A$G$N:n6H(B}

%Projects of any significant size naturally tend to make progress on
%several fronts simultaneously.  In the case of software, it's common
%for a project to go through periodic official releases.  A release
%might then go into ``maintenance mode'' for a while after its first
%publication; maintenance releases tend to contain only bug fixes, not
%new features.  In parallel with these maintenance releases, one or
%more future releases may be under development.  People normally use
%the word ``branch'' to refer to one of these many slightly different
%directions in which development is proceeding.

$B$"$kDxEY$N5,LO$N%W%m%8%'%/%H$G$O!$<+$:$H$$$/$D$b$NA0@~$G3+H/$r?J$a$F$$$/(B
$B$h$&$K$J$k!%%=%U%H%&%'%"$N>l9g!$Dj4|E*$K8x<0%j%j!<%9$r9T$&$N$,DLNc$G$"(B
$B$k!%%j%j!<%9$O!$8x3+8e;C$/$7$F(B``$B%a%s%F%J%s%9%b!<%I(B''$B$K0\9T$9$k$+$b$7$l$J(B
$B$$!%%a%s%F%J%s%9%j%j!<%9$G$O%P%0$N=$@5$@$1$r9T$$!$?75!G=$NDI2C$O9T$o$J$$(B
$B$N$,DLNc$G$"$k!%$3$l$i$N%a%s%F%J%s%9%j%j!<%9$HJB9T$7$F!$>-Mh$N%j%j!<%9$,(B
$B3+H/$5$l$k!%DL>o!$3+H/$N?J9T$7$F$$$/<c430[$J$C$?J}8~$N3F!9$rI=$9$?$a$K(B
``$B%V%i%s%A(B''$B$H$$$&8F>N$rMQ$$$k!%(B

%Mercurial is particularly well suited to managing a number of
%simultaneous, but not identical, branches.  Each ``development
%direction'' can live in its own central repository, and you can merge
%changes from one to another as the need arises.  Because repositories
%are independent of each other, unstable changes in a development
%branch will never affect a stable branch unless someone explicitly
%merges those changes into the stable branch.

Mercurial$B$OJ#?t%V%i%s%A$K$h$kF1;~3+H/$r<h$j07$&$3$H$KFC$KE,$7$F$$$k!%3F!9(B
$B$N(B``$B3+H/J}8~(B''$B$OCf1{%j%]%8%H%j$KCV$/$3$H$,2DG=$G!$I,MW$K$J$kEY$K$"$k%V%i(B
$B%s%A$+$iJL$N%V%i%s%A$X%^!<%8$G$-$k!%%j%]%8%H%j$O$=$l$>$lFHN)$G$"$k$?$a!$(B
$B3+H/%V%i%s%A$G$NIT0BDj$JJQ99$O!$3+H/<T$NC/$+$,L@<(E*$K%^!<%8$r9T$o$J$$8B(B
$B$j0BDjHG%V%i%s%A$K$O$J$s$N1F6A$bM?$($J$$!%(B

%Here's an example of how this can work in practice.  Let's say you
%have one ``main branch'' on a central server.
%\interaction{branching.init}
%People clone it, make changes locally, test them, and push them back.

$B<B:]$K$I$N$h$&$KF0:n$9$k$N$+$rNc$G<($9!%Cf1{$N%5!<%P$K(B1$B$D$N(B``$B%a%$%s%V%i(B
$B%s%A(B''$B$,$"$k$H$7$h$&!%(B
\interaction{branching.init}
$B3+H/<T$O$3$l$r%/%m!<%s$7!$%m!<%+%k$GJQ99$r2C$(!$%F%9%H$7!$$^$?(Bpush$B$9$k$H(B
$B$9$k!%(B

%Once the main branch reaches a release milestone, you can use the
%\hgcmd{tag} command to give a permanent name to the milestone
%revision.
%\interaction{branching.tag}
%Let's say some ongoing development occurs on the main branch.
%\interaction{branching.main}
%Using the tag that was recorded at the milestone, people who clone
%that repository at any time in the future can use \hgcmd{update} to
%get a copy of the working directory exactly as it was when that tagged
%revision was committed.
%\interaction{branching.update}

$B%a%$%s%V%i%s%A$,%j%j!<%9%^%$%k%9%H!<%s$KE~C#$7$?:]$K!$(B\hgcmd{tag}$B$G1JB3E*(B
$B$JL>A0$r%^%$%k%9%H!<%s%j%S%8%g%s$KIU$1$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B
\interaction{branching.tag}
$B%a%$%s%V%i%s%A$G?J9TCf$N3+H/$K$D$$$F8+$F$_$h$&!%(B
\interaction{branching.main}
$B$3$l0J8e%j%]%8%H%j$r%/%m!<%s$7$??M$O%^%$%k%9%H!<%s$G5-O?$5$l$?%?%0$H(B
\hgcmd{update}$B%3%^%s%I$r;H$C$F!$%?%0$NIU$1$i$l$?%j%S%8%g%s$HA4$/F1$8%o!<(B
$B%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$rI|85$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B
\interaction{branching.update}

%In addition, immediately after the main branch is tagged, we can then
%clone the main branch on the server to a new ``stable'' branch, also on
%the server.
%\interaction{branching.clone}

$B$5$i$K!$%a%$%s%V%i%s%A$,%?%0IU$1$5$l$?D>8e$+$i%5!<%P>e$N%a%$%s%V%i%s%A$r(B
$B?7$?$J(B``stable''$B%V%i%s%A$K%/%m!<%s$G$-$k!%$3$l$O%5!<%P>e$G9T$&$3$H$b2DG=(B
$B$G$"$k!%(B
\interaction{branching.clone}

%If we need to make a change to the stable branch, we can then clone
%\emph{that} repository, make our changes, commit, and push our changes
%back there.
%\interaction{branching.stable}
%Because Mercurial repositories are independent, and Mercurial doesn't
%move changes around automatically, the stable and main branches are
%\emph{isolated} from each other.  The changes that we made on the
%main branch don't ``leak'' to the stable branch, and vice versa.

stable$B%V%i%s%A$KJQ99$r2C$($?$$>l9g!$(B\emph{$B$=$N(B}$B%j%]%8%H%j$r%/%m!<%s$7!$(B
$BJQ99$r9T$$!$%3%_%C%H$7$?8e$K$=$NJQ99$r%5!<%P$K(Bpush$B$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B
\interaction{branching.stable}
Mercurial$B%j%]%8%H%j$OFHN)$G!$JQ99$r<+F0E*$KGH5Z$5$;$k$3$H$b$J$$$N$G!$(B
stable$B$H(Bmain$B%V%i%s%A$O8_$$$K(B\emph{$B3VN%$5$l$F$$$k(B}$B!%%a%$%s%V%i%s%A$K9T$C(B
$B$?JQ99$,(Bstable$B%V%i%s%A$KO3$l=P$7$?$j!$$=$N5U$K$J$C$?$j$9$k$3$H$O$J$$!%(B

%We'll often want all of your bugfixes on the stable branch to show up
%on the main branch, too.  Rather than rewrite a bugfix on the main
%branch, we can simply pull and merge changes from the stable to the
%main branch, and Mercurial will bring those bugfixes in for us.
%\interaction{branching.merge}

$BB?$/$N>l9g!$(Bstable$B%V%i%s%A$KBP$7$F9T$C$?%P%0=$@5$r%a%$%s%V%i%s%A$KBP$7$F(B
$B$b<h$j9~$_$?$$$H9M$($k$@$m$&!%%P%0=$@5$r%a%$%s%V%i%s%A$G$b$&0lEY9T$&$N$G(B
$B$O$J$/!$(BMercurial$B$r;H$C$FJQ99$r(Bstable$B%V%i%s%A$+$i(Bpull$B$7$F4JC1$K%a%$%s%V%i(B
$B%s%A$X%^!<%8$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B
\interaction{branching.merge}

%The main branch will still contain changes that are not on the stable
%branch, but it will also contain all of the bugfixes from the stable
%branch.  The stable branch remains unaffected by these changes, since
%changes are only flowing from the stable to the main branch, and not the
%other way.

$B%a%$%s%V%i%s%A$O(Bstable$B%V%i%s%A$K$"$k%P%0=$@5$r$9$Y$F<h$j9~$s$G$$$k$@$1$G(B
$B$J$/!$(B stable$B%V%i%s%A$K$O$J$$JQ99$b;}$C$F$$$k!%$3$NA`:n$r9T$C$F$b(Bstable$B%V(B
$B%i%s%A$O$3$l$i$NJQ99$K$h$k1F6A$r<u$1$J$$!%$J$<$J$iJQ99$O(Bstable$B%V%i%s%A$+(B
$B$i%a%$%s%V%i%s%A$X$N0lJ}8~$N$_$KGH5Z$7!$5U8~$-$K$OGH5Z$7$J$$$+$i$G$"$k!%(B

%\subsection{Feature branches}
\subsection{$B5!G=$K$h$k%V%i%s%A(B}

%For larger projects, an effective way to manage change is to break up
%a team into smaller groups.  Each group has a shared branch of its
%own, cloned from a single ``master'' branch used by the entire
%project.  People working on an individual branch are typically quite
%isolated from developments on other branches.

$BBg5,LO$J%W%m%8%'%/%H$GJQ99$r8z2LE*$K4IM}$9$kJ}K!$O!$%A!<%`$r>.$5$J%0%k!<(B
$B%W$KJ,3d$9$k$3$H$G$"$k!%3F!9$N%0%k!<%W$O%W%m%8%'%/%HA4BN$G;H$o$l$kC10l$N(B
$B%^%9%?!<%V%i%s%A$+$i%/%m!<%s$7$?8GM-$N6&M-%V%i%s%A$r;}$D!%3F!9$N%V%i%s%A(B
$B$G:n6H$9$k?MC#$O!$B>$N%V%i%s%A$G$N3+H/$+$i3VN%$5$l$F$$$k$N$,DLNc$G$"$k!%(B

\begin{figure}[ht]
  \centering
  \grafix{feature-branches}
%  \caption{Feature branches}
  \caption{$B5!G=$K$h$k%V%i%s%A(B}
  \label{fig:collab:feature-branches}
\end{figure}

%When a particular feature is deemed to be in suitable shape, someone
%on that feature team pulls and merges from the master branch into the
%feature branch, then pushes back up to the master branch.

$BFCDj$N5!G=$,==J,$J>uBV$K$J$C$?$H$-!$$=$N5!G=$N%A!<%`%a%s%P!<$O%^%9%?!<%V(B
$B%i%s%A$+$i5!G=%V%i%s%A$K(Bpull$B$H%^!<%8$r9T$$!$%^%9%?!<%V%i%s%A$K(Bpush$B$7$FLa(B
$B$9!%(B

%\subsection{The release train}
\subsection{$B%j%j!<%9%H%l%$%s(B}

%Some projects are organized on a ``train'' basis: a release is
%scheduled to happen every few months, and whatever features are ready
%when the ``train'' is ready to leave are allowed in.

$B$$$/$D$+$N%W%m%8%'%/%H$O%H%l%$%sJ}<0$GAH?%$5$l$F$$$k!%?t%+7n$K0lEY%j%j!<(B
$B%9$r9T$&$h$&$K%9%1%8%e!<%k$5$l!$%H%l%$%s$,=PH/$G$-$k$h$&$K?75!G=$,=`Hw$5(B
$B$l$k!%(B

%This model resembles working with feature branches.  The difference is
%that when a feature branch misses a train, someone on the feature team
%pulls and merges the changes that went out on that train release into
%the feature branch, and the team continues its work on top of that
%release so that their feature can make the next release.

$B$3$N%b%G%k$O5!G=%V%i%s%A$G$N:n6H$H;w$F$$$k!%0c$$$O!$5!G=%V%i%s%A$O%H%l%$(B
$B%s$rF($7$?>l9g!$5!G=%A!<%`$N%a%s%P!<$,5!G=%V%i%s%A$N%H%l%$%s%j%j!<%9$X9T(B
$B$/$Y$-JQ99$r5!G=%j%j!<%9$K(Bpull$B$*$h$S%^!<%8$7!$3+H/Cf$N5!G=$,<!$N%j%j!<%9(B
$B$KF~$k$h$&$K%A!<%`$O$=$N%j%j!<%9$N>e$G:n6H$rB3$1$k!%(B

%\subsection{The Linux kernel model}
\subsection{Linux$B%+!<%M%k%b%G%k(B}

%The development of the Linux kernel has a shallow hierarchical
%structure, surrounded by a cloud of apparent chaos.  Because most
%Linux developers use \command{git}, a distributed revision control
%tool with capabilities similar to Mercurial, it's useful to describe
%the way work flows in that environment; if you like the ideas, the
%approach translates well across tools.

Linux$B%+!<%M%k$N3+H/$G$O!$<~$j$K:.FY$H$7$?9-$,$j$r;}$D@u$$3,AX9=B$$,<h$i$l(B
$B$F$$$k!%KX$s$I$N(BLinux$B3+H/<T$O(BMercurial$B$HF1MM$N5!G=$r;}$D(B\command{git}$B$H$$(B
$B$&J,;6%j%S%8%g%s4IM}%D!<%k$rMxMQ$7$F$$$k$?$a!$H`$i$,<h$C$F$$$k%o!<%/%U%m!<(B
$B$r=R$Y$k$3$H$O2f!9$K$bLrN)$D!%H`$i$N%"%$%G%#%"$r5$$KF~$l$P!$$=$N%"%W%m!<(B
$B%A$O%D!<%k$N0c$$$r1[$($FM-8z$G$"$k!%(B

%At the center of the community sits Linus Torvalds, the creator of
%Linux.  He publishes a single source repository that is considered the
%``authoritative'' current tree by the entire developer community.
%Anyone can clone Linus's tree, but he is very choosy about whose trees
%he pulls from.

$B3+H/%3%_%e%K%F%#$NCf?4$O(BLinux$B$NAOB$<T$G$"$k(BLinus Torvalds$B$G$"$k!%H`$O%j%](B
$B%8%H%j$r(B1$B$D8x3+$7$F$*$j!$$=$l$O3+H/%3%_%e%K%F%#A4BN$N8x<0%+%l%s%H%D%j!<$H(B
$B8+Pv$5$l$F$$$k!%C/$G$b(BLinus$B$N%D%j!<$r%/%m!<%s$G$-$k$,!$H`<+?H$O$I$3$+$i(B
pull$B$9$k$+$r87$7$/A*$s$G$$$k!%(B

%Linus has a number of ``trusted lieutenants''.  As a general rule, he
%pulls whatever changes they publish, in most cases without even
%reviewing those changes.  Some of those lieutenants are generally
%agreed to be ``maintainers'', responsible for specific subsystems
%within the kernel.  If a random kernel hacker wants to make a change
%to a subsystem that they want to end up in Linus's tree, they must
%find out who the subsystem's maintainer is, and ask that maintainer to
%take their change.  If the maintainer reviews their changes and agrees
%to take them, they'll pass them along to Linus in due course.

Linus$B$OB?$/$N(B``$B?.Mj$G$-$kBe9T<T(B''$B$r;}$C$F$$$k!%86B'E*$K$OH`$OH`$i$,8x3+$7(B
$B$?$b$N$O2?$G$b(Bpull$B$9$k!%B?$/$N>l9g!$H`$i$NJQ99$r%l%S%e!<$9$k$3$H$b$7$J(B
$B$$!%Be9T<T$N2??M$+$O%a%s%F%J$H$J$k$3$H$rF10U$7$F$*$j!$%+!<%M%kFb$NFCDj$N(B
$B%5%V%7%9%F%`$KBP$7$F@UG$$r;}$D!%%+!<%M%k%O%C%+!<$NC/$+$,(BLinus$B$N%D%j!<$N%5(B
$B%V%7%9%F%`$KJQ99$r2C$($?$$$H;W$C$?$i!$%5%V%7%9%F%`$N%a%s%F%J$r8+$D$1=P$7(B
$B$?>e$G!$%a%s%F%J$KJQ99$r<h$j9~$s$GLc$&$h$&$K0MMj$9$kI,MW$,$"$k!%%a%s%F%J(B
$B$,JQ99$r%l%S%e!<$7!$<h$j9~$`$3$H$KF10U$9$l$P!$@5<0$J%3!<%9$GJQ99$r(BLinus$B$K(B
$B<jEO$9!%(B

%Individual lieutenants have their own approaches to reviewing,
%accepting, and publishing changes; and for deciding when to feed them
%to Linus.  In addition, there are several well known branches that
%people use for different purposes.  For example, a few people maintain
%``stable'' repositories of older versions of the kernel, to which they
%apply critical fixes as needed.  Some maintainers publish multiple
%trees: one for experimental changes; one for changes that they are
%about to feed upstream; and so on.  Others just publish a single
%tree.

$B$=$l$>$l$NBeM}?M$O%l%S%e!<!$JQ99$N8x3+!$$$$D(BLinus$B$KDs=P$9$k$+$K$D$$$F$=$l(B
$B$>$lFH<+$N%"%W%m!<%A$r<h$C$F$$$k!%$^$?!$JL$NMQES8~$1$K$h$/CN$i$l$?%V%i%s(B
$B%A$,$$$/$D$+$"$j!$Nc$($P4v?M$+$N?M$O%+!<%M%k$N2a5n$N%P!<%8%g%s$N(B
``stable''$B%j%]%8%H%j$r%a%s%F%J%s%9$7!$=EMW$J=$@5$r9T$C$F$$$k!%JL$N%a%s%F(B
$B%J$O!$<B83E*$JJQ99$r<h$j9~$`%D%j!<!$>eN.$K<jEO$9@#A0$NJQ99$r<h$j9~$`%D%j!<(B
$B$J$I$N$h$&$KJ#?t$N%D%j!<$r8x3+$7$F$$$k!%$^$?(B1$B$D$N%D%j!<$@$1$r8x3+$7$F$$$k(B
$B%a%s%F%J$bB?$$!%(B

%This model has two notable features.  The first is that it's ``pull
%only''.  You have to ask, convince, or beg another developer to take a
%change from you, because there are almost no trees to which more than
%one person can push, and there's no way to push changes into a tree
%that someone else controls.

$B$3$N%b%G%k$OCmL\$9$Y$-FCD9$r(B2$B$D;}$C$F$$$k!%Bh0l$K!$$3$l$i$O(Bpull$B%*%s%j!<$G(B
$B$"$k!%JQ99$r<h$j9~$s$GLc$&$?$a$K$O!$B>$N3+H/<T$K0MMj$7$?$j!$@bF@$7$?$j!$(B
$B:)4j$7$?$j$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!%$J$<$J$i(B2$B?M0J>e$,%W%C%7%e$G$-$k%D%j!<$O$[$H(B
$B$s$I$J$/!$JL$N?M$,%3%s%H%m!<%k$7$F$$$k%D%j!<$KJQ99$r(Bpush$B$9$k=Q$O$J$$$+$i(B
$B$G$"$k!%(B

%The second is that it's based on reputation and acclaim.  If you're an
%unknown, Linus will probably ignore changes from you without even
%responding.  But a subsystem maintainer will probably review them, and
%will likely take them if they pass their criteria for suitability.
%The more ``good'' changes you contribute to a maintainer, the more
%likely they are to trust your judgment and accept your changes.  If
%you're well-known and maintain a long-lived branch for something Linus
%hasn't yet accepted, people with similar interests may pull your
%changes regularly to keep up with your work.

$BBhFs$K!$$3$l$OI>H=$H>N;?$K$h$k%7%9%F%`$G$"$k$H$$$&$3$H$@!%L5L>$N3+H/<T$N(B
$BJQ99$KBP$7$F$O(BLinus$B$O$*$=$i$/H?1~$9$k$3$H$J$/L5;k$9$k!%$7$+$7%5%V%7%9%F%`(B
$B%a%s%F%J$OJQ99$r%l%S%e!<$7!$E,@Z$G$"$k$HH=CG$9$l$P:N$jF~$l$k!%3+H/<T$,NI(B
$B$$JQ99$r9T$($P9T$&$[$I!$%a%s%F%J$O3+H/<T$NH=CG$r?.MQ$7!$JQ99$r:N$jF~$l$k(B
$B$h$&$K$J$k$@$m$&!%3+H/<T$,CxL>$G!$(BLinus$B$,$$$^$@$K<u$1F~$l$F$$$J$$!$D94|4V(B
$B$K$o$?$k%V%i%s%A$N%a%s%F%J$G$"$k$J$i$P!$F1$86=L#$r;}$D?M!9$,H`$N:n6H$r<h(B
$B$j9~$`$?$a$KJQ99$rDj4|E*$K(Bpull$B$9$k$3$H$@$m$&!%(B

%Reputation and acclaim don't necessarily cross subsystem or ``people''
%boundaries.  If you're a respected but specialised storage hacker, and
%you try to fix a networking bug, that change will receive a level of
%scrutiny from a network maintainer comparable to a change from a
%complete stranger.

$BI>H=$H>N;?$O%5%V%7%9%F%`$r1[$($?$j!$<~JU$K$$$k?M!9$r1[$($k$3$H$O$J$$$@$m(B
$B$&!%$b$7$"$J$?$,%9%H%l!<%8$NJ,Ln$G7I0U$r=8$a$k%O%C%+!<$G$"$C$?$H$7$F$b!$(B
$B%M%C%H%o!<%/$N%P%0$r=$@5$7$h$&$H$7$?$N$J$i!$9T$C$?JQ99$O%M%C%H%o!<%/$N%a(B
$B%s%F%J$+$i40A4$JIt30<T$HF1Ey$N@:::$r<u$1$k$3$H$K$J$k$@$m$&!%(B

%To people who come from more orderly project backgrounds, the
%comparatively chaotic Linux kernel development process often seems
%completely insane.  It's subject to the whims of individuals; people
%make sweeping changes whenever they deem it appropriate; and the pace
%of development is astounding.  And yet Linux is a highly successful,
%well-regarded piece of software.

$B@0A3$H$7$?%W%m%8%'%/%H$+$iMh$?3+H/<T$K$H$C$F$O!$(BLinux$B%+!<%M%k$N:.FY$H$7$?(B
$B3+H/%W%m%;%9$O$7$P$7$P40A4$K685$$N:;BA$H;W$($k$3$H$@$m$&!%(BLinux$B%+!<%M%k$G(B
$B$O!$3+H/%W%m%;%9$O8D!9?M$N5$$^$0$l$K0MB8$7$F$*$j!$E,@Z$H9M$($?;~$OA4LLE*(B
$B$JJQ99$r9T$$!$3+H/%Z!<%9$OESJ}$b$J$$!%$=$l$G$b$7$+$7(BLinux$B$OBg$$$K@.8y$7$?(B
$BCmL\$9$Y$-%=%U%H%&%'%"$J$N$G$"$k!%(B

%\subsection{Pull-only versus shared-push collaboration}
\subsection{Pull$B$N$_(B vs $B6&M-(Bpush$B%3%i%\%l!<%7%g%s(B}

%A perpetual source of heat in the open source community is whether a
%development model in which people only ever pull changes from others
%is ``better than'' one in which multiple people can push changes to a
%shared repository.

$B%*!<%W%s%=!<%9%3%_%e%K%F%#$G$OB>$N3+H/<T$N$H$3$m$+$iJQ99$r(Bpull$B$9$k$@$1$N(B
$B3+H/%b%G%k$,!$6&M-%j%]%8%H%j$KB??t$N3+H/<T$,(Bpush$B$G$-$k%b%G%k$h$j$b(B``$BM%$l(B
$B$F$$$k(B''$B$+$I$&$+$,>o$K7c$7$$O@Ah$N<o$K$J$k!%(B

%Typically, the backers of the shared-push model use tools that
%actively enforce this approach.  If you're using a centralised
%revision control tool such as Subversion, there's no way to make a
%choice over which model you'll use: the tool gives you shared-push,
%and if you want to do anything else, you'll have to roll your own
%approach on top (such as applying a patch by hand).

$B6&M-%W%C%7%e%b%G%k$N;Y;}<T$O!$$3$N%"%W%m!<%A$r6/@)$9$k$h$&$J%D!<%k$r;H$C(B
$B$F$$$k$3$H$,B?$$!%$b$7(BSubversion$B$N$h$&$JCf1{=8Cf7?$N%j%S%8%g%s4IM}%D!<%k(B
$B$r;H$C$F$$$k$N$J$i!$;H$&%b%G%k$rA*$VM>CO$O$=$b$=$bB8:_$7$J$$!%(B
$B$3$l$i$N%D!<%k$G$O6&M-(Bpush$B%b%G%k$r;H$&B>$J$/!$$=$l0J30$N2?$+$r$7$?$$$N$G(B
$B$"$l$P!$!J<+NO$G%Q%C%A$rEv$F$k$J$I$NJ}K!$G!K30It$G9T$&I,MW$,$"$k!%(B

%A good distributed revision control tool will support both models.  You
%and your collaborators can then structure how you work together based on
%your own needs and preferences, not on what contortions your tools force
%you into.

$BNI$$J,;6%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k%D!<%k$O!$N>J}$N%b%G%k$r%5%]!<%H$9$k!%%f!<(B
$B%6$d6(NO<T$O%D!<%k$K$h$C$F6/MW$5$l$k%b%G%k$G$O$J$/!$MW5a$d9%$_$K1~$8$?6&(B
$BF1:n6H$N9=@.$r7h$a$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B

%\subsection{Where collaboration meets branch management}
\subsection{$B6&F1:n6H$,%V%i%s%A4IM}$HD>LL$9$k$H$3$m(B}

%Once you and your team set up some shared repositories and start
%propagating changes back and forth between local and shared repos, you
%begin to face a related, but slightly different challenge: that of
%managing the multiple directions in which your team may be moving at
%once.  Even though this subject is intimately related to how your team
%collaborates, it's dense enough to merit treatment of its own, in
%chapter~\ref{chap:branch}.

$B3+H/<T$H$=$N%A!<%`$,6&M-%j%]%8%H%j$r%;%C%H%"%C%W$7!$%m!<%+%k$H6&M-%j%]%8(B
$B%H%j$N4V$GJQ99$r$d$j$H$j$7;O$a$k$H!$$3$l$H4XO"$9$k$,!$$d$d0[$J$C$?:$Fq$K(B
$BD>LL$9$k$h$&$K$J$k$@$m$&!%$=$l$O!$%A!<%`$,F1;~$K?J$a$kB?J}LL$X$N3+H/$r$I(B
$B$N$h$&$K4IM}$9$k$+$H$$$&LdBj$G$"$k!%$3$N2]Bj$O!$%A!<%`$,$I$N$h$&$K6&F1$9(B
$B$k$+$H:,8;E*$K4X78$7$F$*$j!$$3$l$@$1$N$?$a$K(B~\ref{chap:branch}$B$H$$$&0l>O$r(B
$BHq$d$92ACM$,$"$k$@$m$&!%(B

%\section{The technical side of sharing}
\section{$B6&M-$N5;=QE*B&LL(B}

%The remainder of this chapter is devoted to the question of sharing
%changes with your collaborators.

$B$3$N>O$N;D$j$NItJ,$G$O!$6(NO<T$HJQ99$r6&M-$9$k:]$N5?LdE@$K$D$$$F=R$Y$k!%(B

%\section{Informal sharing with \hgcmd{serve}}
\section{\hgcmd{serve}$B$K$h$kHs8x<0$J6&M-(B}
\label{sec:collab:serve}

%Mercurial's \hgcmd{serve} command is wonderfully suited to small,
%tight-knit, and fast-paced group environments.  It also provides a
%great way to get a feel for using Mercurial commands over a network.

Mercurial$B$N(B\hgcmd{serve}$B%3%^%s%I$O!$>.5,LO$G6[L)$J3+H/%Z!<%9$NB.$$%0%k!<(B
$B%W4D6-$K$H$F$bE,$7$F$$$k!%(BMercurial$B%3%^%s%I$r%M%C%H%o!<%/1[$7$K;H$&AG@2(B
$B$i$7$5$rBN46$G$-$k$@$m$&!%(B

%Run \hgcmd{serve} inside a repository, and in under a second it will
%bring up a specialised HTTP server; this will accept connections from
%any client, and serve up data for that repository until you terminate
%it.  Anyone who knows the URL of the server you just started, and can
%talk to your computer over the network, can then use a web browser or
%Mercurial to read data from that repository.  A URL for a
%\hgcmd{serve} instance running on a laptop is likely to look something
%like \Verb|http://my-laptop.local:8000/|.

$B%j%]%8%H%jFb$G(B\hgcmd{serve}$B%3%^%s%I$r5/F0$9$k$H!$$9$0$5$^FCJL$J(BHTTP$B%5!<%P(B
$B$,N)$A>e$2$i$l$k!%$3$l$O$"$i$f$k%/%i%$%"%s%H$+$i$N@\B3$r<u$1F~$l!$%j%]%8(B
$B%H%j$N%G!<%?$r%5!<%S%9$9$k!%5/F0$7$?%5!<%P$N(BURL$B$rCN$C$F$$$k?M$d$"$J$?$N%3(B
$B%s%T%e!<%?$K%M%C%H%o!<%/$r2p$7$F@\B32DG=$J?M$OC/$G$b!$%&%'%V%V%i%&%6$d(B
Mercurial$B$r;H$C$F%j%]%8%H%j$+$i%G!<%?$rFI$_=P$9$3$H$,$G$-$k!%%i%C%W%H%C%W(B
$B$G5/F0$5$l$?(B\hgcmd{serve}$B%$%s%9%?%s%9$X$N(BURL$B$O(B
\Verb|http://my-laptop.local:8000/|$B$N$h$&$K$J$k!%(B

%The \hgcmd{serve} command is \emph{not} a general-purpose web server.
%It can do only two things:
\hgcmd{serve}$B%3%^%s%I$O0lHLMQES8~$1$N%&%'%V%5!<%P$G$O(B\emph{$B$J$$(B}$B!%$3$N%3(B
$B%^%s%I$O<!$N(B2$B$D$N$3$H$@$1$r9T$&!'(B
\begin{itemize}
%\item Allow people to browse the history of the repository it's
%  serving, from their normal web browsers.
 \item $BIaDL$N%&%'%V%V%i%&%6$r;H$C$F$$$k%f!<%6$KBP$7$F$O%j%]%8%H%j$NMzNr(B
       $B$X$N;2>H!%(B
%\item Speak Mercurial's wire protocol, so that people can
%  \hgcmd{clone} or \hgcmd{pull} changes from that repository.
 \item Mercurial$B$r;H$C$F$$$k%f!<%6$KBP$7$F$O!$(B\hgcmd{clone}$B$^$?$O(B
       \hgcmd{pull}$B$,$G$-$k$h$&$K(BMercurial$B%o%$%d%W%m%H%3%k$N%5%]!<%H!%(B

\end{itemize}
%In particular, \hgcmd{serve} won't allow remote users to \emph{modify}
%your repository.  It's intended for read-only use.

\hgcmd{serve}$B$O%j%b!<%H%f!<%6$K%j%]%8%H%j$NJQ99$r5v2D$7$J$$!%$3$N%3%^%s(B
$B%I$OFI$_=P$7$N$_$N;HMQ$r0U?^$7$F$$$k!%(B

%If you're getting started with Mercurial, there's nothing to prevent
%you from using \hgcmd{serve} to serve up a repository on your own
%computer, then use commands like \hgcmd{clone}, \hgcmd{incoming}, and
%so on to talk to that server as if the repository was hosted remotely.
%This can help you to quickly get acquainted with using commands on
%network-hosted repositories.

Mercurial$B$N(B\hgcmd{serve}$B%3%^%s%I$r;H$C$F!$4JC1$K<j85$N%3%s%T%e!<%?$G%j%](B
$B%8%H%j%5!<%S%9$r9T$&$3$H$,$G$-$k!%1sJ}$K$"$k%5!<%P$H$d$j$H$j$9$k$N$HF1MM(B
$B$K(B\hgcmd{clone}$B!$(B\hgcmd{incoming}$BEy$N%3%^%s%I$r;H$&$3$H$,$G$-$k!%$3$l$O%M%C(B
$B%H%o!<%/$G%j%]%8%H%j$rDs6!$9$kN}=,$K$J$k$@$m$&!%(B

%\subsection{A few things to keep in mind}
\subsection{$B3P$($F$*$/$Y$-(B2, 3$B$NE@(B}

%Because it provides unauthenticated read access to all clients, you
%should only use \hgcmd{serve} in an environment where you either don't
%care, or have complete control over, who can access your network and
%pull data from your repository.

\hgcmd{serve}$B$O!$G'>Z$J$7$G%"%/%;%9$r5v$9$?$a!$%M%C%H%o!<%/$X$N%"%/%;%9(B
$B$d!$%j%]%8%H%j$+$i$N%G!<%?(Bpull$B$rC/$,9T$C$F$b9=$o$J$$$h$&$J%M%C%H%o!<%/4D(B
$B6-$d!$40A4$J@)8f$,2DG=$J%M%C%H%o!<%/4D6-$G$N$_;HMQ$9$Y$-$G$"$k!%(B

%The \hgcmd{serve} command knows nothing about any firewall software
%you might have installed on your system or network.  It cannot detect
%or control your firewall software.  If other people are unable to talk
%to a running \hgcmd{serve} instance, the second thing you should do
%(\emph{after} you make sure that they're using the correct URL) is
%check your firewall configuration.

\hgcmd{serve}$B%3%^%s%I$O!$%7%9%F%`$d%M%C%H%o!<%/$K%$%s%9%H!<%k$5$l$F$$$k%U%!(B
$B%$%"%&%)!<%k%=%U%H%&%'%"$K$D$$$F$O2?$b4XCN$7$J$$!%$3$N%3%^%s%I$O%U%!%$%"(B
$B%&%)!<%k$NH/8+$d@)8f$O$G$-$J$$!%B>$N%f!<%6$,(B\hgcmd{serve}$B%3%^%s%I$K%"%/%;(B
$B%9$G$-$J$$>l9g!$$^$:H`$i$,@5$7$$(BURL$B$r;HMQ$7$F$$$k$+3NG'$7!$$=$N<!$K$9$Y$-(B
$B$3$H$O!$%U%!%$%"%&%)!<%k$N@_Dj$r3NG'$9$k$3$H$G$"$k!%(B

%By default, \hgcmd{serve} listens for incoming connections on
%port~8000.  If another process is already listening on the port you
%want to use, you can specify a different port to listen on using the
%\hgopt{serve}{-p} option.

$B%G%U%)%k%H$G$O(B\hgcmd{serve}$B$OE~Ce$9$k@\B3$r%]!<%H(B~8000$B$GBT$D!%(B
$B;HMQ$7$?$$%]!<%H$r$9$G$KB>$N%W%m%;%9$,;HMQ$7$F$$$k>l9g$O(B
\hgopt{serve}{-p}$B%*%W%7%g%s$r;H$C$FJL$N%]!<%H$GBT5!$9$k$h$&$K;XDj$9$k$3(B
$B$H$,$G$-$k!%(B

%Normally, when \hgcmd{serve} starts, it prints no output, which can be
%a bit unnerving.  If you'd like to confirm that it is indeed running
%correctly, and find out what URL you should send to your
%collaborators, start it with the \hggopt{-v} option.

$BDL>o!$(B\hgcmd{serve}$B$O;OF0$7$F$b%a%C%;!<%8$N=PNO$r9T$o$J$$!%$3$l$OB?>/:.Mp(B
$B$5$;$k$+$b$7$l$J$$!%<B:]$K@5$7$/F0:n$7$F$$$k$+$I$&$+3NG'$7$?$$>l9g$d!$6((B
$BNO<T$K65$($k(BURL$B$,CN$j$?$$>l9g$O(B\hggopt{-v}$B%*%W%7%g%s$r;XDj$9$k!%(B

%\section{Using the Secure Shell (ssh) protocol}
\section{Secure Shell (ssh)$B%W%m%H%3%k$N;HMQ(B}
\label{sec:collab:ssh}

%You can pull and push changes securely over a network connection using
%the Secure Shell (\texttt{ssh}) protocol.  To use this successfully,
%you may have to do a little bit of configuration on the client or
%server sides.

Secure Shell (\texttt{ssh})$B%W%m%H%3%k$r;H$&$3$H$G!$JQ99$r%M%C%H%o!<%/>e$G(B
$B0BA4$K(Bpush$B$G$-$k!%$3$N%W%m%H%3%k$NMxMQ$K$O!$%/%i%$%"%s%HB&$+%5!<%PB&$K>/!9(B
$B@_Dj$,I,MW$G$"$k!%(B

%If you're not familiar with ssh, it's the name of both a command and a
%network protocol that let you securely communicate with another
%computer. To use it with Mercurial, you'll be setting up one or more
%user accounts on a server so that remote users can log in and execute
%commands.

ssh$B$KFk@w$_$N$J$$%f!<%6$N$?$a$K@bL@$9$k$H!$(Bssh$B$OB>$N%3%s%T%e!<%?$H0BA4$K(B
$BDL?.$r9T$&$?$a$N%3%^%s%I$*$h$S%M%C%H%o!<%/%W%m%H%3%k$NL>>N$G$"$k!%(B
Mercurial$B$G;H$&$?$a$K$O!$(B1$B$D0J>e$N%"%+%&%s%H$r%5!<%P$K@_Dj$7!$%j%b!<%H%f!<(B
$B%6$,%m%0%$%s$7!$%3%^%s%I$r<B9T$G$-$k$h$&$K$9$kI,MW$,$"$k!%(B

%(If you \emph{are} familiar with ssh, you'll probably find some of the
%material that follows to be elementary in nature.)

$B!J(Bssh$B$KFk@w$_$N$"$k%f!<%6$K$O0J2<$NOC$O=iJbE*$K46$8$i$l$k$K0c$$$J$$!%!K(B

%\subsection{How to read and write ssh URLs}
\subsection{ssh$B$N(BURL$B$r$I$N$h$&$KFI$`$+(B}

%An ssh URL tends to look like this:
ssh URL$B$O0lHL$K<!$N$h$&$K$J$k!'(B
\begin{codesample2}
  ssh://bos@hg.serpentine.com:22/hg/hgbook
\end{codesample2}
\begin{enumerate}
%\item The ``\texttt{ssh://}'' part tells Mercurial to use the ssh
%  protocol.
 \item ``\texttt{ssh://}''$BIt$O(BMercurial$B$K(Bssh$B%W%m%H%3%k$r;H$&$3$H$r;X<($9(B
       $B$k!%(B
%\item The ``\texttt{bos@}'' component indicates what username to log
%  into the server as.  You can leave this out if the remote username
%  is the same as your local username.
 \item ``\texttt{bos@}''$BIt$O%5!<%P$X$N%m%0%$%s$K;H$&%f!<%6L>$r;XDj$9$k!%(B
$B%m!<%+%k%^%7%s$G$N%f!<%6L>$HF1$8$b$N$r;HMQ$9$k>l9g$O;XDj$7$J$/$F$b$h$$!%(B
%\item The ``\texttt{hg.serpentine.com}'' gives the hostname of the
%  server to log into.
 \item ``\texttt{hg.serpentine.com}''$B$O%m%0%$%s$9$k%5!<%P$N%[%9%HL>$G$"(B
       $B$k!%(B
%\item The ``:22'' identifies the port number to connect to the server
%  on.  The default port is~22, so you only need to specify this part
%  if you're \emph{not} using port~22.
 \item ``:22''$B%5!<%P$N@\B3%]!<%H$r@)Dj$9$k!%%G%U%)%k%H%]!<%H$O(B~22$B$J$N(B
       $B$G!$(B22$BHV0J30$r;H$&;~$N$_;XDj$9$kI,MW$,$"$k!%(B
%\item The remainder of the URL is the local path to the repository on
%  the server.
 \item URL$B$N;D$j$NItJ,$O%5!<%P>e$N%j%]%8%H%j$X$N%m!<%+%k%Q%9$G$"$k!%(B
\end{enumerate}

%There's plenty of scope for confusion with the path component of ssh
%URLs, as there is no standard way for tools to interpret it.  Some
%programs behave differently than others when dealing with these paths.
%This isn't an ideal situation, but it's unlikely to change.  Please
%read the following paragraphs carefully.

ssh URL$B$N%Q%9It$K$D$$$F$O!$%D!<%k8~$1$KJQ49$9$kI8=`E*$JJ}K!$,$J$$$?$a!$:.(B
$BMp$,B?$$!%$$$/$D$+$N%W%m%0%i%`$H!$$=$NB>$N%W%m%0%i%`$G$O%Q%9$r07$&:]$N5s(B
$BF0$,0[$J$C$F$$$k!%$3$N>u67$OM}A[$H$O$+$1N%$l$F$$$k$,!$=$@5$9$k$N$O:$Fq$@(B
$B$H;W$o$l$k!%0J2<$NCJMn$rCm0U?<$/FI$s$GM_$7$$!%(B

%Mercurial treats the path to a repository on the server as relative to
%the remote user's home directory.  For example, if user \texttt{foo}
%on the server has a home directory of \dirname{/home/foo}, then an ssh
%URL that contains a path component of \dirname{bar}
%\emph{really} refers to the directory \dirname{/home/foo/bar}.
Mercurial$B$O%j%]%8%H%j$X$N%Q%9$r%j%b!<%H%f!<%6$N%[!<%`%G%#%l%/%H%j$+$i$NAj(B
$BBP%Q%9$H$7$F<h$j07$&!%Nc$($P%5!<%P$G%f!<%6(B\texttt{foo}$B$O%[!<%`%G%#%l%/%H(B
$B%j(B\dirname{/home/foo}$B$r;}$D!%=>$C$F(B\dirname{bar}$B$r4^$`(Bssh URL$B$N%Q%9It$O(B
\dirname{/home/foo/bar}$B$H$J$k!%(B

%If you want to specify a path relative to another user's home
%directory, you can use a path that starts with a tilde character
%followed by the user's name (let's call them \texttt{otheruser}), like
%this.
$BB>$N%f!<%6$N%[!<%`%G%#%l%/%H%j$X$NAjBP%Q%9$r;XDj$7$?$$>l9g$O!$<!$NNc$N$h(B
$B$&$K%A%k%@$K%f!<%6L>$rB3$1$?%Q%9$r;H$&$3$H$,$G$-$k!%!J$3$3$G$OB>$N%f!<%6(B
$B$N%f!<%6L>$r(B\texttt{otheruser}$B$H$9$k!%!K(B
\begin{codesample2}
  ssh://server/~otheruser/hg/repo
\end{codesample2}

%And if you really want to specify an \emph{absolute} path on the
%server, begin the path component with two slashes, as in this example.
$B%5!<%P>e$G@dBP%Q%9$r;XDj$7$?$$>l9g$O!$<!$NNc$N$h$&$K%Q%9It$r(B2$B$D$N%9%i%C%7%e(B
$B$G;O$a$k!%(B
\begin{codesample2}
  ssh://server//absolute/path
\end{codesample2}

%\subsection{Finding an ssh client for your system}
\subsection{$BMxMQCf$N%7%9%F%`8~$1$N(Bssh client$B$r8+$D$1$k(B}

%Almost every Unix-like system comes with OpenSSH preinstalled.  If
%you're using such a system, run \Verb|which ssh| to find out if
%the \command{ssh} command is installed (it's usually in
%\dirname{/usr/bin}).  In the unlikely event that it isn't present,
%take a look at your system documentation to figure out how to install
%it.

Unix$B7O%7%9%F%`$NKX$s$I$O(BOpenSSH$B$,%W%j%$%s%9%H!<%k$5$l$F$$$k!%$=$N$h$&$J%7(B
$B%9%F%`$G$O!$(B\Verb|which ssh|$B$r<B9T$7$F(B\command{ssh}$B%3%^%s%I$,%$%s%9%H!<%k(B
$B$5$l$F$$$k$+$I$&$+D4$Y$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%!JIaDL$O(B\dirname{/usr/bin}$B$K%$%s%9(B
$B%H!<%k$5$l$F$$$k$O$:$@!%!KK|$,0l%$%s%9%H!<%k$5$l$F$$$J$+$C$?>l9g$O!$%7%9(B
$B%F%`$N%I%-%e%a%s%H$r;2>H$7$F%$%s%9%H!<%kJ}K!$rD4$Y$FM_$7$$!%(B

%On Windows, the TortoiseHg package is bundled with a version of Simon
%Tatham's excellent \command{plink} command, and you should not
%need to do any further configuration.

Windows$B$G$O!$(BTortoiseHg$B%Q%C%1!<%8$K(BSimon Tatham$B$K$h$kM%$l$?%3%^%s%I$G$"$k(B
\command{plink}$B$,F1:-$5$l$F$*$j!$2?$b@_Dj$9$k$3$H$J$/MxMQ2DG=$G$"$k!%(B

%\subsection{Generating a key pair}
\subsection{$B80%Z%"$N:n@.(B}

%To avoid the need to repetitively type a password every time you need to
%use your ssh client, I recommend generating a key pair.

ssh$B%/%i%$%"%s%H$r;H$&EY$K7+JV$7%Q%9%o!<%I$rF~NO$9$k$N$rHr$1$k$?$a$K!$80(B
$B%Z%"$r:n@.$9$k$3$H$r4+$a$k!%(B

\begin{note}
%Key pairs are not mandatory
$B80%Z%"$OI,?\$G$O$J$$(B

%Mercurial knows nothing about ssh authentication or key pairs.  You can,
%if you like, safely ignore this section and the one that follows until
%you grow tired of repeatedly typing ssh passwords.

Mercurial$B<+?H$O(Bssh$B$G$NG'>Z$d80%Z%"$K$D$$$F$O0l@Z4XCN$7$J$$!%(Bssh$B%Q%9%o!<%I(B
$B$NF~NO$K7q$`$3$H$,$J$1$l$P!$$3$N@a$H8e$N@a$rL5;k$7$F$b:9$7;Y$($J$$!%(B
\end{note}

\begin{itemize}
% \item On a Unix-like system, the \command{ssh-keygen} command will do
%       the trick.
 \item Unix$B7O%7%9%F%`$G$O!$(B\command{ssh-keygen}$B%3%^%s%I$G80%Z%"$r:n@.$G$-$k!%(B
% \item On Windows, if you're using TortoiseHg, you may need to download
%       a command named \command{puttygen} from the PuTTY web site
%       \url{http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty} to
%       generate a key pair. See the \command{puttygen} documentation
%       \url{http://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/0.60/htmldoc/Chapter8.htm}
%       for details of how use the command.
 \item Windows$B$G(BTortoiseHg$B$r;H$C$F$$$k$N$G$"$l$P!$(BPuTTY$B$N%&%'%V%5%$%H(B
       \url{http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty}$B$+$i%@%&%s(B
       $B%m!<%I$G$-$k(B\command{puttygen}$B$H$$$&%3%^%s%I$G80%Z%"(B
       $B$r:n@.$G$-$k!%$3$N%3%^%s%I$N;HMQK!$N>\:Y$K$D$$$F$O(B
       \command{puttygen}$B$N%I%-%e%a%s%H(B
       \url{http://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/0.60/htmldoc/Chapter8.htm}
       $B$r;2>H$5$l$?$$!%(B
\end{itemize}

%When you generate a key pair, it's usually \emph{highly} advisable to
%protect it with a passphrase.  (The only time that you might not want
%to do this id when you're using the ssh protocol for automated tasks
%on a secure network.)

$B80%Z%"$r:n$k:]$K$O$G$-$k$@$1%Q%9%U%l!<%:$GJ]8n$9$k$3$H$r6/$/4+$a$k!%!J0B(B
$BA4$J%M%C%H%o!<%/$G(Bssh$B%W%m%H%3%k$K$h$C$F<+F0%?%9%/$N<B9T$r$9$k>l9g$K$O$3(B
$B$&$7$?$/$J$$$@$m$&!%!K(B

%Simply generating a key pair isn't enough, however.  You'll need to
%add the public key to the set of authorised keys for whatever user
%you're logging in remotely as.  For servers using OpenSSH (the vast
%majority), this will mean adding the public key to a list in a file
%called \sfilename{authorized\_keys} in their \sdirname{.ssh}
%directory.

$B$7$+$780%Z%"$r:n$k$@$1$G$O==J,$G$J$$!%%j%b!<%H$K%m%0%$%s$7$?$$%^%7%s$N%f!<(B
$B%6$N(Bauthorised keys$B$H$7$F8x3+80$rDI2C$9$kI,MW$,$"$k!%(BOpenSSH$B$r;H$C$F$$$k(B
$B%5!<%P!JBgItJ,$,AjEv$9$k!K$G$O(B\sdirname{.ssh}$B%G%#%l%/%H%j$N(B
\sfilename{authorized\_keys}$B%U%!%$%k$X8x3+80$rDI2C$9$k!%(B

%On a Unix-like system, your public key will have a \filename{.pub}
%extension.  If you're using \command{puttygen} on Windows, you can
%save the public key to a file of your choosing, or paste it from the
%window it's displayed in straight into the
%\sfilename{authorized\_keys} file.

Unix$B7O%7%9%F%`$G$O8x3+80$O(B\filename{.pub}$B$H$$$&3HD%;R$r;}$D!%(BWindows$B$G(B
\command{puttygen}$B$r;HMQ$9$k>l9g$O!$%U%!%$%k%;!<%V$7$?8x3+80$+!$80$rI=<((B
$B$7$F$$$k%&%#%s%I%&$+$i(B\sfilename{authorized\_keys}$B%U%!%$%k$K%Z!<%9%H$9$l(B
$B$P$h$$!%(B

%\subsection{Using an authentication agent}
\subsection{$BG'>Z%(!<%8%'%s%H$N;HMQ(B}

%An authentication agent is a daemon that stores passphrases in memory
%(so it will forget passphrases if you log out and log back in again).
%An ssh client will notice if it's running, and query it for a
%passphrase.  If there's no authentication agent running, or the agent
%doesn't store the necessary passphrase, you'll have to type your
%passphrase every time Mercurial tries to communicate with a server on
%your behalf (e.g.~whenever you pull or push changes).

$BG'>Z%(!<%8%'%s%H$O%Q%9%U%l!<%:$r%a%b%j$KJ]B8$9$k%(!<%8%'%s%H$G$"$k!%!J%m(B
$B%0%"%&%H$7!$:F$S%m%0%$%s$7$?;~$K$O%Q%9%U%l!<%:$O<:$o$l$F$$$k!%!K(Bssh$B%/%i%$(B
$B%"%s%H$O$3$N%G!<%b%s$,F0:n$7$F$$$k$3$H$rG'<1$7!$%Q%9%U%l!<%:$NLd$$9g$o$;(B
$B$r9T$&!%G'>Z%(!<%8%'%s%H$,F0:n$7$F$$$J$$>l9g$d%(!<%8%'%s%H$,I,MW$J%Q%9%U(B
$B%l!<%:$rJ]B8$7$F$$$J$$>l9g$O!$(BMercurial$B$,%5!<%P$H!JJQ99$r(Bpull$B$d(Bpush$B$9$k!K(B
$BDL?.$N;~$K%Q%9%U%l!<%:$rF~NO$9$kI,MW$,$"$k!%(B

%The downside of storing passphrases in an agent is that it's possible
%for a well-prepared attacker to recover the plain text of your
%passphrases, in some cases even if your system has been power-cycled.
%You should make your own judgment as to whether this is an acceptable
%risk.  It certainly saves a lot of repeated typing.

$B%Q%9%U%l!<%:$r%(!<%8%'%s%H$K5-21$5$;$kJ@32$O!$%Q%o!<%5%$%/%k$r9T$C$F$b>l(B
$B9g$K$h$C$F$O<~E~$J<jCJ$rMQ$$$k967b<T$K%Q%9%U%l!<%:$N%W%l!<%s%F%-%9%H>pJs(B
$B$r<hF@$5$l$k2DG=@-$,$"$k$3$H$G$"$k!%$3$N%j%9%/$,5vMF$G$-$k$+$I$&$+$O<+J,(B
$B<+?H$GH=CG$7$FM_$7$$!%$3$NJ}K!$rMQ$$$k$3$H$G!$%?%$%W2s?t$r8:$i$;$k$3$H$O(B
$B3N$+$G$"$k!%(B

%On Unix-like systems, the agent is called \command{ssh-agent}, and
%it's often run automatically for you when you log in.  You'll need to
%use the \command{ssh-add} command to add passphrases to the agent's
%store.

Unix$B7O%7%9%F%`$G$O%(!<%8%'%s%H$O(B\command{ssh-agent}$B$H8F$P$l!$%m%0%$%s$9$k(B
$B$H<+F0E*$K5/F0$5$l$k!%(B\command{ssh-add}$B%3%^%s%I$rMQ$$$F%Q%9%U%l!<%:$r%(!<(B
$B%8%'%s%H$K5-21$5$;$k!%(B

%On Windows, if you're using TortoiseHg, the <command>pageant</command>
%command acts as the agent.  As with \command{puttygen}, you'll need to
%download \command{pageant}
%\url{http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html}
%from the PuTTY web site and read its documentation
%\url{http://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/0.60/htmldoc/Chapter9.html#pageant}.
%The \command{pageant} command adds an icon to your system tray that will
%let you manage stored passphrases.

Windows$B$G(BTortoiseHg$B$r;H$C$F$$$k>l9g$O!$(B\command{pageant}$B%3%^%s%I$,%(!<%8%'(B
$B%s%H$H$7$FF0:n$9$k!%(B \command{puttygen}$B%3%^%s%I$N;~$HF1MM$K(B
\command{pageant}$B%3%^%s%I$O(BPuTTY$B$N%&%'%V%5%$%H(B
\url{http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html}$B$+$i(B
$B%@%&%s%m!<%I$G$-$k!%;HMQK!$K$D$$$F$O(B
\url{http://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/0.60/htmldoc/Chapter9.html#pageant}
$B$r;2>H$5$l$?$$!%(B \command{pageant}$B%3%^%s%I$O5-21$7$?%Q%9%U%l!<%:$r4IM}$9(B
$B$k$?$a$K%7%9%F%`%H%l%$$K%"%$%3%s$rDI2C$9$k!%(B

%\subsection{Configuring the server side properly}
\subsection{$B%5!<%P$N@5$7$$@_Dj(B}

%Because ssh can be fiddly to set up if you're new to it, a variety of
%things can go wrong.  Add Mercurial on top, and there's plenty more
%scope for head-scratching.  Most of these potential problems occur on
%the server side, not the client side. The good news is that once you've
%gotten a configuration working, it will usually continue to work
%indefinitely.

ssh$B$O47$l$F$$$J$$$H@_Dj$,Fq$7$$$?$a!$?7$?$K;H$$;O$a$k>l9g!$MM!9$JIT6q9g$,(B
$B5/$-$k2DG=@-$,$"$k!%(BMercurial$B$H6&$KF0$+$9>l9g!$$5$i$KB?$/$,BT$A9=$($F$$(B
$B$k!%$3$l$i$NKX$s$I$,%/%i%$%"%s%HB&$G$O$J$/%5!<%PB&$G5/$-$k!%$7$+$70lEY$-(B
$B$A$s$HF0:n$9$k@_Dj$r$7$F$7$^$($P!$F0:n$O$:$C$HB3$/!%(B

%Before you try using Mercurial to talk to an ssh server, it's best to
%make sure that you can use the normal \command{ssh} or \command{putty}
%command to talk to the server first.  If you run into problems with
%using these commands directly, Mercurial surely won't work.  Worse, it
%will obscure the underlying problem.  Any time you want to debug
%ssh-related Mercurial problems, you should drop back to making sure
%that plain ssh client commands work first, \emph{before} you worry
%about whether there's a problem with Mercurial.

Mercurial$B$+$i(Bssh$B%5!<%P$K@\B3$9$kA0$K!$(B\command{ssh}$B$^$?$O(B\command{putty}
$B%3%^%s%I$r;H$C$F%5!<%P$K@\B3$7$F$_$k$3$H$r4+$a$k!%$3$l$i$N%3%^%s%I$rD>@\(B
$B;H$C$FLdBj$,5/$-$k$h$&$G$"$l$P!$(BMercurial$B$OF0:n$7$J$$$O$:$@!%(B ssh$B$N>e$G(B
Mercurial$B$r;H$&$3$H$G!$2<0L$NLdBj$,1#$l$F$7$^$&$N$G!$(Bssh$B$K4XO"$7$?(B
Mercurial$B$NLdBj$r%G%P%C%0$9$k;~$O!$$^$:(Bssh$B%/%i%$%"%s%H%3%^%s%I<+BN$,F0:n(B
$B$9$k$3$H$r3NG'$7!$$=$N8e$K(BMercurial$B$NLdBj$r2r7h$9$Y$-$G$"$k!%(B

%The first thing to be sure of on the server side is that you can
%actually log in from another machine at all.  If you can't use
%\command{ssh} or \command{putty} to log in, the error message you get
%may give you a few hints as to what's wrong.  The most common problems
%are as follows.

$B%5!<%PB&$G$^$:3NG'$9$Y$-$J$N$O!$B>$N%^%7%s$+$i%m%0%$%s$G$-$k$+$I$&$+$G$"(B
$B$k!%(B \command{ssh}$B$^$?$O(B\command{putty}$B%3%^%s%I$G%m%0%$%s$G$-$J$$>l9g$O!$(B
$B%(%i!<%a%C%;!<%8$K2?$,0-$$$N$+<($9%R%s%H$,$"$k$+$bCN$l$J$$!%:G$b0lHLE*$J(B
$BLdBj$r0J2<$KNs5s$9$k!%(B
\begin{itemize}
%\item If you get a ``connection refused'' error, either there isn't an
%  SSH daemon running on the server at all, or it's inaccessible due to
%  firewall configuration.
 \item ``connection refused''$B%(%i!<$,=P$k;~$O!$(BSSH$B%G!<%b%s$,F0:n$7$F$$$J(B
       $B$$$+!$%U%!%$%"%&%)!<%k@_Dj$N$?$a$K%^%7%s$X$N%"%/%;%9$,IT2DG=$G$"(B
       $B$k2DG=@-$,$"$k!%(B
%\item If you get a ``no route to host'' error, you either have an
%  incorrect address for the server or a seriously locked down firewall
%  that won't admit its existence at all.
 \item ``no route to host''$B%(%i!<$,=P$k>l9g$O!$%5!<%P$N%"%I%l%9$r4V0c$((B
       $B$F$$$k$+!$%U%!%$%"%&%)!<%k$,%5!<%P$r40A4$K1#$7$F$7$^$C$F$$$k$3$H(B
       $B$,9M$($i$l$k!%(B
%\item If you get a ``permission denied'' error, you may have mistyped
%  the username on the server, or you could have mistyped your key's
%  passphrase or the remote user's password.
 \item ``permission denied''$B%(%i!<$,=P$k>l9g$O!$%f!<%6L>$r4V0c$C$FF~NO$7(B
       $B$F$$$k$+!$%m%0%$%sMQ80$N%Q%9%U%l!<%:$d%f!<%6%Q%9%o!<%I$r4V0c$C$F(B
       $BF~NO$7$F$$$k2DG=@-$,$"$k!%(B
\end{itemize}
%In summary, if you're having trouble talking to the server's ssh
%daemon, first make sure that one is running at all.  On many systems
%it will be installed, but disabled, by default.  Once you're done with
%this step, you should then check that the server's firewall is
%configured to allow incoming connections on the port the ssh daemon is
%listening on (usually~22).  Don't worry about more exotic
%possibilities for misconfiguration until you've checked these two
%first.

$B$^$H$a$k$H!$%5!<%P$N(Bssh$B%G!<%b%s$X@\B3$9$k:]$K$O!$$^$:%G!<%b%s$,F0:n$7$F$$(B
$B$k$+$r3NG'$9$k$3$H!%%G%U%)%k%H$G%$%s%9%H!<%k$5$l$F$O$$$k$,!$Dd;_$5$l$F$$(B
$B$k%7%9%F%`$b$"$k!%$3$l$r3NG'$7$?8e$G%5!<%P$N%U%!%$%"%&%)!<%k$,(Bssh$B%G!<%b%s(B
$B$NBT5!$7$F$k%]!<%H!JDL>o$O(B22$BHV!K$X$N@\B3$r5v2D$7$F$$$k$+3NG'$9$k!%B>$N=t!9(B
$B$N2DG=@-$r9M$($kA0$K$^$:$3$N(B2$BE@$r3NG'$9$Y$-$G$"$k!%(B

%If you're using an authentication agent on the client side to store
%passphrases for your keys, you ought to be able to log into the server
%without being prompted for a passphrase or a password.  If you're
%prompted for a passphrase, there are a few possible culprits.

$B%/%i%$%"%s%HB&$G80$N%Q%9%U%l!<%:$r5-21$5$;$k$?$a$KG'>Z%(!<%8%'%s%H$rF0$+(B
$B$7$F$$$k$J$i!$%Q%9%U%l!<%:$d%Q%9%o!<%I$NF~NO$rB%$5$l$k$3$H$J$7$K%5!<%P$K(B
$B%m%0%$%s$G$-$k$O$:$@!%$b$7%Q%9%U%l!<%:$NF~NO$rMW5a$5$l$k$J$i!$$$$/$D$+$N(B
$B2DG=@-$,9M$($i$l$k!%(B
\begin{itemize}
%\item You might have forgotten to use \command{ssh-add} or
%  \command{pageant} to store the passphrase.
 \item $B%Q%9%U%l!<%:$r5-21$5$;$k$?$a$K(B\command{ssh-add}$B$^$?$O(B
       \command{pageant}$B$r<B9T$7$F$$$J$$!%(B
%\item You might have stored the passphrase for the wrong key.
 \item $BJL$N%-!<$N%Q%9%U%l!<%:$r5-21$5$;$F$$$k!%(B
\end{itemize}
%If you're being prompted for the remote user's password, there are
%another few possible problems to check.
$B%j%b!<%H%f!<%6$N%Q%9%o!<%I$rMW5a$5$l$k>l9g$OJL$NLdBj$,$"$k$+$b$7$l$J$$!%(B
\begin{itemize}
%\item Either the user's home directory or their \sdirname{.ssh}
%  directory might have excessively liberal permissions.  As a result,

%  the ssh daemon will not trust or read their
%  \sfilename{authorized\_keys} file.  For example, a group-writable
%  home or \sdirname{.ssh} directory will often cause this symptom.
 \item $B%f!<%6$N%[!<%`%G%#%l%/%H%j$^$?$O(B\sdirname{.ssh}$B%G%#%l%/%H%j$N%Q!<(B
       $B%_%C%7%g%s$,4K$9$.$k!%$3$N$?$a!$(Bssh$B%G!<%b%s$,(B
       \sfilename{authorized\_keys}\sfilename{authorized\_keys}$B%U%!%$%k$r(B
       $B?.Mj$G$-$J$$$+!$$"$k$$$OC1=c$KFI$a$J$$!%Nc$($P%0%k!<%W=q$-9~$_%Q!<(B
       $B%_%C%7%g%s$N$"$k%[!<%`%G%#%l%/%H%j$^$?$O(B\sdirname{.ssh}$B%G%#%l%/%H(B
       $B%j$O$3$NLdBj$r$7$P$7$P0z$-5/$3$9!%(B
%\item The user's \sfilename{authorized\_keys} file may have a problem.
%  If anyone other than the user owns or can write to that file, the
%  ssh daemon will not trust or read it.
 \item $B%f!<%6$N(B\sfilename{authorized\_keys}$B%U%!%$%k$KLdBj$,$"$k!%%U%!%$(B
       $B%k$N=jM-<T$,JL$N%f!<%6$@$C$?$j!$B>$N%f!<%6$,=q$-9~$_$G$-$k>l9g$O(B
       ssh$B%G!<%b%s$O$3$N%U%!%$%k$r?.Mj$;$:!$FI$_9~$^$J$$!%(B
\end{itemize}

%In the ideal world, you should be able to run the following command
%successfully, and it should print exactly one line of output, the
%current date and time.
$BM}A[$G$O!$<!$N%3%^%s%I$r<B9T$7!$(B1$B9T$G8=:_$NF|;~$rI=<($G$-$k$Y$-$G$"$k!%(B
\begin{codesample2}
  ssh myserver date
\end{codesample2}

%If, on your server, you have login scripts that print banners or other
%junk even when running non-interactive commands like this, you should
%fix them before you continue, so that they only print output if
%they're run interactively.  Otherwise these banners will at least
%clutter up Mercurial's output.  Worse, they could potentially cause
%problems with running Mercurial commands remotely.  Mercurial makes
%tries to detect and ignore banners in non-interactive \command{ssh}
%sessions, but it is not foolproof.  (If you're editing your login
%scripts on your server, the usual way to see if a login script is
%running in an interactive shell is to check the return code from the
%command \Verb|tty -s|.)

$B%5!<%P$G!$%P%J!<$d$=$NB>$N0UL#$N$J$$J8;zNs$rI=<($9$k$h$&$J%m%0%$%s%9%/%j(B
$B%W%H$r;H$C$F$$$k>l9g!$BPOCE*$J%3%^%s%I0J30$G$O$3$l$i$rI=<($7$J$$$h$&$K$9(B
$B$k!%$3$l$i$NJ8;zNs$O(BMercurial$B$N=PNO$K:.F~$7$F$7$^$$!$(BMercurial$B%3%^%s%I$r(B
$B%j%b!<%H<B9T$9$kK8$2$H$J$k!%(B
Mercurial$B$OHsBPOCE*$J(B\command{ssh}$B$G$O$3$l$i$N%P%J!<$r8!=P$7!$L5;k$7$h$&(B
$B$H;n$_$k$,!$$3$l$OK|A4$G$O$J$$!%!J%5!<%P$N%m%0%$%s%9%/%j%W%H$rJT=8$9$k>l(B
$B9g!$%m%0%$%s%9%/%j%W%H$,BPOCE*%7%'%k$GF0:n$7$F$$$k$+$rCN$kJ}K!$H$7(B
$B$F!$(B\Verb|tty -s|$B%3%^%s%I$N%j%?!<%s%3!<%I$r%A%'%C%/$9$kJ}K!$,$"$k!%!K(B

%Once you've verified that plain old ssh is working with your server,
%the next step is to ensure that Mercurial runs on the server.  The
%following command should run successfully:
ssh$BC1BN$G%5!<%P$K@\B3$G$-$k$3$H$r3NG'$7$?$i!$(BMercurial$B$,%5!<%P$GF0:n$9$k(B
$B$3$H$r3NG'$9$k!%<!$N%3%^%s%I$,F0$/$+$I$&$+D4$Y$F$_$h$&!'(B
\begin{codesample2}
  ssh myserver hg version
\end{codesample2}
%If you see an error message instead of normal \hgcmd{version} output,
%this is usually because you haven't installed Mercurial to
%\dirname{/usr/bin}.  Don't worry if this is the case; you don't need
%to do that.  But you should check for a few possible problems.
\hgcmd{version}$B$N=PNO$G$O$J$/%(%i!<%a%C%;!<%8$,I=<($5$l$k$H$-(B
$B$O!$(B\dirname{/usr/bin}$B$K(BMercurial$B$,%$%s%9%H!<%k$5$l$F$$$J$$$3$H$,B?$$!%(B
$B$3$N>l9g!$(B\dirname{/usr/bin}$B$K%$%s%9%H!<%k$7D>$9I,MW$O$J$$!%$=$NBe$o$j!$(B
$B$$$/$D$+$NLdBj$r%A%'%C%/$9$Y$-$G$"$k!%(B
\begin{itemize}
%\item Is Mercurial really installed on the server at all?  I know this
%  sounds trivial, but it's worth checking!
 \item $B%5!<%P$K(BMercurial$B$OK\Ev$K%$%s%9%H!<%k$5$l$F$$$k$+!)(B $B$3$l$O2<$i$J(B
       $B$$Ld$$$N$h$&$K;W$($k$,!$3NG'$9$k2ACM$O$"$k!%(B
%\item Maybe your shell's search path (usually set via the \envar{PATH}
%  environment variable) is simply misconfigured.
 \item $B%7%'%k$N%5!<%A%Q%9$,@5$7$/@_Dj$5$l$F$$$J$$!%!JDL>o$O4D6-JQ?t(B
       \envar{PATH}$B$G@_Dj$5$l$k!%!K(B

%\item Perhaps your \envar{PATH} environment variable is only being set
%  to point to the location of the \command{hg} executable if the login

%  session is interactive.  This can happen if you're setting the path
%  in the wrong shell login script.  See your shell's documentation for
%  details.
 \item $BBPOCE*$J%m%0%$%s%;%C%7%g%s$N$H$-0J30$O4D6-JQ?t(B\envar{PATH}$B$,(B
       \command{hg}$B<B9T%U%!%$%k$N$"$k%Q%9$r;X$7$F$$$J$$!%(B\envar{PATH}$B$rIT(B
       $BE,@Z$J%m%0%$%s%9%/%j%W%H$G@_Dj$7$F$$$k$H$3$NLdBj$,5/$-$k!%>\$7$/$O(B
       $B%7%'%k$N%I%-%e%a%s%H$r;2>H$9$k$3$H!%(B
%\item The \envar{PYTHONPATH} environment variable may need to contain
%  the path to the Mercurial Python modules.  It might not be set at
%  all; it could be incorrect; or it may be set only if the login is
%  interactive.
 \item $B4D6-JQ?t(B\envar{PYTHONPATH}$B$,(BMercurial Python$B%b%8%e!<%k$r4^$`I,MW(B
       $B$,$"$k>l9g!%$3$l$,A4$/@_Dj$5$l$F$$$J$$$+!$BPOCE*$J%m%0%$%s$G$N$_(B
       $BM-8z$K$J$C$F$$$k!%(B
\end{itemize}

%If you can run \hgcmd{version} over an ssh connection, well done!
%You've got the server and client sorted out.  You should now be able
%to use Mercurial to access repositories hosted by that username on
%that server.  If you run into problems with Mercurial and ssh at this
%point, try using the \hggopt{--debug} option to get a clearer picture
%of what's going on.

ssh$B@\B3$G(B\hgcmd{version}$B$r<B9T$G$-$?$N$J$i=`Hw$O40N;$@!%%5!<%P$H%/%i%$%"(B
$B%s%H$N@_Dj$O@5$7$/9T$o$l$F$$$k!%$3$l$G%5!<%PB&$N%f!<%6L>$r;H$C$F%[%9%H$5(B
$B$l$F$$$k%j%]%8%H%j$K(BMercurial$B$r;H$C$F%"%/%;%9$G$-$k$h$&$K$J$C$?!%$3$3$GLd(B
$BBj$,$"$k$N$J$i!$(B\hggopt{--debug}$B%*%W%7%g%s$r;H$C$F2?$,LdBj$J$N$+$r$h$jL@(B
$B3N$KGD0.$7$FM_$7$$!%(B

%\subsection{Using compression with ssh}
\subsection{ssh$B$G$N05=L$NMxMQ(B}

%Mercurial does not compress data when it uses the ssh protocol,
%because the ssh protocol can transparently compress data.  However,
%the default behaviour of ssh clients is \emph{not} to request
%compression.

Mercurial$B$O!$(Bssh$B%W%m%H%3%k$r;H$C$?>l9g$O!$%G!<%?$N05=L$O9T$o$J$$!%(Bssh$B%W%m(B
$B%H%3%k$,F)2aE*$K%G!<%?$N05=L$r9T$&$3$H$,$G$-$k$?$a$G$"$k!%$7$+$7(Bssh$B%/%i%$(B
$B%"%s%H$N%G%U%)%k%H$N5sF0$G$O!$05=L$r9T$o(B\emph{$B$J$$(B}$B!%(B

%Over any network other than a fast LAN (even a wireless network),
%using compression is likely to significantly speed up Mercurial's
%network operations.  For example, over a WAN, someone measured
%compression as reducing the amount of time required to clone a
%particularly large repository from~51 minutes to~17 minutes.

$B9bB.$J(BLAN$B0J30$N%M%C%H%o!<%/!J%o%$%d%l%9%M%C%H%o!<%/$b4^$`!K$G(B
$B$O!$(BMercurial$B$N%M%C%H%o!<%/F0:n$r9bB.2=$9$k$N$K05=L$N;HMQ$O$H$F$b8z2LE*$G(B
$B$"$k!%$"$k%f!<%6$N7WB,$K$h$l$P!$(BWAN$B7PM3$G$NBg5,LO$J%j%]%8%H%j$N%/%m!<%s(B
$B$O!$05=L$r;H$&$3$H$G(B~51$BJ,$+$i(B~17$BJ,$KC;=L$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$?!%(B

%Both \command{ssh} and \command{plink} accept a \cmdopt{ssh}{-C}
%option which turns on compression.  You can easily edit your \hgrc\ to
%enable compression for all of Mercurial's uses of the ssh protocol.
%Here is how to do so for regular \command{ssh} on Unix-like systems, for
%example.

\command{ssh}$B%3%^%s%I$b(B\command{plink}$B%3%^%s%I$b05=L$rM-8z$K$9$k(B
\cmdopt{ssh}{-C}$B%*%W%7%g%s$,;H$($k!%(B \hgrc\ $B%U%!%$%k$rJT=8$7$F(BMercurial$B$,(B
$B05=L$D$-$N(Bssh$B%W%m%H%3%k$r;HMQ$9$k$h$&$K@_Dj$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B Unix$B7O%7%9(B
$B%F%`$GDL>o$N(B\command{ssh}$B%3%^%s%I$r@_Dj$9$kNc$O<!$N$h$&$K$J$k!%(B
\begin{codesample2}
  [ui]
  ssh = ssh -C
\end{codesample2}

%If you use \command{ssh} on a Unix-like system, you can configure it to
%always use compression when talking to your server. To do this, edit
%your \sfilename{.ssh/config} file (which may not yet exist), as follows.

Unix$B7O%7%9%F%`$G(B\command{ssh}$B$rMQ$$$F%5!<%P$X@\B3$7$F$$$k>l9g!$%5!<%P$X$N(B
$B@\B3;~$K>o$K05=L$r;HMQ$9$k$h$&$K@_Dj$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%@_Dj$K$O(B
\sfilename{.ssh/config}$B%U%!%$%k!JB8:_$7$J$$>l9g$O:n@.$9$k!K$r<!$N$h$&$KJT(B
$B=8$9$k!%(B

\begin{codesample2}
  Host hg
    Compression yes
    HostName hg.example.com
\end{codesample2}

%This defines a hostname alias, \texttt{hg}.  When you use that hostname
%on the \command{ssh} command line or in a Mercurial
%\texttt{ssh}-protocol URL, it will cause \command{ssh} to connect to
%\texttt{hg.example.com} and use compression.  This gives you both a
%shorter name to type and compression, each of which is a good thing in
%its own right.

$B$3$l$O%[%9%HL>$N%(%$%j%"%9(B\texttt{hg}$B$rDj5A$9$k!%$3$N%[%9%HL>$r(B
\command{ssh}$B$N%3%^%s%I%i%$%s$^$?$O(BMercurial \texttt{ssh}-$B%W%m%H%3%k$G$N(B
URL$B$G;HMQ$9$k$H!$(B\command{ssh}$B%3%^%s%I$O(B\texttt{hg.example.com}$B$X$N@\B3$K(B
$B05=L$rMQ$$$k!%$3$NJ}K!$GC;=L7A$N%[%9%HL>$H05=L$N@_Dj$rF1;~$K9T$&$3$H$,$G(B
$B$-$k!%(B

%\section{Serving over HTTP using CGI}
\section{CGI$B$r;HMQ$7$?(BHTTP$B$K$h$k%5!<%S%9(B}
\label{sec:collab:cgi}

%The simplest way to host one or more repositories in a permanent way is
%to use a web server and Mercurial's CGI support.

$B0l$D$^$?$OJ#?t$N%j%]%8%H%j$r1JB3E*$K%5!<%S%9$9$k:G$b4JC1$JJ}K!$O!$%&%'%V(B
$B%5!<%P$G(BMercurial$B$N(BCGI$B%5%]!<%H$rMxMQ$9$k$3$H$G$"$k!%(B

%Depending on how ambitious you are, configuring Mercurial's CGI
%interface can take anything from a few moments to several hours.

Mercurial$B$N(BCGI$B%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$N@_Dj$K$+$+$k;~4V$O!$L\E*$H$9$k$H$3$m$K1~$8(B
$B$F?tJ,$+$i?t;~4VDxEY$NI}$,$"$k!%(B

%We'll begin with the simplest of examples, and work our way towards a
%more complex configuration.  Even for the most basic case, you're
%almost certainly going to need to read and modify your web server's
%configuration.

$B$3$3$G$O:G$bC1=c$JNc$+$i;O$a$F!$$h$jJ#;($J@_Dj$X?J$s$G$$$/$3$H$K$7$h$&!%(B
$B:G$bC1=c$J%1!<%9$G$b$*$=$i$/%&%'%V%5!<%P$N@_Dj$rD4$Y$FJQ99$9$kI,MW$,$"$k(B
$B$@$m$&!%(B

\begin{note}
High pain tolerance required

%Configuring a web server is a complex, fiddly, and highly
%system-dependent activity.  I can't possibly give you instructions that
%will cover anything like all of the cases you will encounter. Please use
%your discretion and judgment in following the sections below.  Be
%prepared to make plenty of mistakes, and to spend a lot of time reading
%your server's error logs.

$B%&%'%V%5!<%P$N@_Dj$OJ#;($+$DLq2p$G%7%9%F%`0MB8$N:n6H$G$"$k!%(B
$BFI<T$,Ax6x$9$k$9$Y$F$N%1!<%9$K$D$$$F<j0z$-$r$9$k$3$H$O$G$-$J$$$@$m$&!%(B
$B0J2<$N%;%/%7%g%s$G$O!$FI$_$J$,$iFI<T<+?H$N;WN8$HH=CG$rF/$+$;$FM_$7$$!%(B
$B$?$/$5$s$N%_%9$rHH$7!$%5!<%P$N%(%i!<%m%0$N2rFI$KB?$/$N;~4V$r3d$/$3$H$K$J(B
$B$k$N$r4N$KLC$8$F$*$$$FM_$7$$!%(B

%If you don't have a strong stomach for tweaking configurations over and
%over, or a compelling need to host your own services, you might want to
%try one of the public hosting services that I mentioned earlier.

$B1d!9$H@_Dj$N<jD>$7$rB3$1$k$3$H$,2fK}$G$-$J$+$C$?$j!$<+A0$N%5!<%S%9$,I,?\(B
$B$G$J$+$C$?$j$9$k>l9g$O!$A0=R$N8x6&%[%9%F%#%s%0%5!<%S%9$r8!F$$7$?J}$,NI$$(B
$B$@$m$&!%(B

\end{note}

%\subsection{Web server configuration checklist}
\subsection{Web$B%5!<%P@_Dj$N%A%'%C%/%j%9%H(B}

%Before you continue, do take a few moments to check a few aspects of
%your system's setup.
$B$3$3$+$i@h$X?J$`A0$K!$FI<T$N%7%9%F%`$K$D$$$F3NG'$r$7$F$*$3$&!%(B

\begin{enumerate}
% \item Do you have a web server installed at all? Mac OS X and some
%       Linux distributions ship with Apache, but many other systems may
%       not have a web server installed.
 \item $B%&%'%V%5!<%P$O$9$G$K%$%s%9%H!<%k$5$l$F$$$k$+!)(B Mac OS X$B$d$$$/$D$+(B
       $B$N(BLinux$B%G%#%9%H%j%S%e!<%7%g%s$G$OI8=`$G(BApache$B$,%$%s%9%H!<%k$5$l$F(B
       $B$$$k$,!$%&%'%V%5!<%P$,%$%s%9%H!<%k$5$l$F$$$J$$%7%9%F%`$bB?$/$"$k!%(B
%\item If you have a web server installed, is it actually running?  On
%  most systems, even if one is present, it will be disabled by
%  default.
 \item $B%&%'%V%5!<%P$,%$%s%9%H!<%k$5$l$F$$$k>l9g!$$9$G$KF0:n$7$F$$$k$+!)(B
       $BB?$/$N%7%9%F%`$G$O!$%G%U%)%k%H$GDd;_$5$l$F$$$k!%(B
%\item Is your server configured to allow you to run CGI programs in
%  the directory where you plan to do so?  Most servers default to
%  explicitly disabling the ability to run CGI programs.
 \item $B%&%'%V%5!<%P$O(BCGI$B%W%m%0%i%`$rL\E*$N%G%#%l%/%H%j$GF0:n$G$-$k$h$&$K(B
       $B@_Dj$5$l$F$$$k$+!)(B $BBgH>$N%5!<%P$G$O%G%U%)%k%H$G(BCGI$B%W%m%0%i%`$NF0(B
       $B:n$rL@<(E*$K6X$8$F$$$k!%(B
\end{enumerate}

%If you don't have a web server installed, and don't have substantial
%experience configuring Apache, you should consider using the
%\texttt{lighttpd} web server instead of Apache.  Apache has a
%well-deserved reputation for baroque and confusing configuration.
%While \texttt{lighttpd} is less capable in some ways than Apache, most
%of these capabilities are not relevant to serving Mercurial
%repositories.  And \texttt{lighttpd} is undeniably \emph{much} easier
%to get started with than Apache.

$B%&%'%V%5!<%P$,%$%s%9%H!<%k$5$l$F$$$J$$>l9g$d!$(BApach$B$N@_Dj$K==J,$J7P83$,$J(B
$B$$>l9g$O!$(BApache$B$G$O$J$/(B\texttt{lighttpd}$B%&%'%V%5!<%P$r8!F$$7$?J}$,$h$$$@(B
$B$m$&!%(BApache$B$O4q0[$G:.Mp$9$k@_Dj$G0-L>$,9b$$!%(B \texttt{lighttpd}$B$O(BApache
$B$h$j$b$G$-$k$3$H$,>/$J$$$,!$$=$l$i$O(BMercurial$B%j%]%8%H%j$N%5!<%S%9$H$O4X78(B
$B$,$J$$!%(B \texttt{lighttpd}$B$O(BApache$B$h$j$bL@$i$+$K4JC1$K;H$&$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B

%\subsection{Basic CGI configuration}
\subsection{CGI$B$N4pK\E*$J@_Dj(B}

%On Unix-like systems, it's common for users to have a subdirectory
%named something like \dirname{public\_html} in their home directory,
%from which they can serve up web pages.  A file named \filename{foo}
%in this directory will be accessible at a URL of the form
%\texttt{http://www.example.com/\~username/foo}.

Unix$B7O%7%9%F%`$G$O!$%f!<%6$N%[!<%`%G%#%l%/%H%j$K%&%'%V%Z!<%8$r%5!<%S%9$9(B
$B$k$?$a$N(B\dirname{public\_html}$B$H$$$&%5%V%G%#%l%/%H%j$,$"$k$3$H$,IaDL$G$"(B
$B$k!%$3$N%G%#%l%/%H%jFb$N(B\filename{foo}$B$H$$$&%U%!%$%k$O(B
\texttt{http://www.example.com/\~username/foo}$B$H$$$&(BURL$B$G%"%/%;%9$G$-$k!%(B

%To get started, find the \sfilename{hgweb.cgi} script that should be
%present in your Mercurial installation.  If you can't quickly find a
%local copy on your system, simply download one from the master
%Mercurial repository at
%\url{http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/tip/hgweb.cgi}.

$B$^$:%$%s%9%H!<%k$5$l$F$$$k(BMercurial$B$+$i(B\sfilename{hgweb.cgi}$B%9%/%j%W%H$r(B
$B8+$D$1$k!%$9$0$K%m!<%+%k%3%T!<$,8+$D$+$i$J$1$l$P!$(BMercurial$B$N%^%9%?!<%j(B
$B%]%8%H%j(B \url{http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/tip/hgweb.cgi} $B$+(B
$B$i%@%&%s%m!<%I$9$k!%(B

%You'll need to copy this script into your \dirname{public\_html}
%directory, and ensure that it's executable.

$B$3$N%9%/%j%W%H$r(B\dirname{public\_html}$B%G%#%l%/%H%j$K%3%T!<$7!$%U%!%$%k$,(B
$B<B9T2DG=$G$"$k$+$r%A%'%C%/$9$k!%(B
\begin{codesample2}
  cp .../hgweb.cgi ~/public_html
  chmod 755 ~/public_html/hgweb.cgi
\end{codesample2}
%The \texttt{755} argument to \command{chmod} is a little more general
%than just making the script executable: it ensures that the script is
%executable by anyone, and that ``group'' and ``other'' write
%permissions are \emph{not} set.  If you were to leave those write
%permissions enabled, Apache's \texttt{suexec} subsystem would likely
%refuse to execute the script.  In fact, \texttt{suexec} also insists
%that the \emph{directory} in which the script resides must not be
%writable by others.

\command{chmod}$B%3%^%s%I$X(B\texttt{755}$B$rEO$9$H!$%9%/%j%W%H$O<B9T2DG=$h$j$b(B
$B<c430lHLE*$K$J$k!%%9%/%j%W%H$OC/$+$i$b<B9T2DG=$@$,!$(B``group''$B$H(B``other''
$B$N%f!<%6$+$i$O=q$-9~$a$J$/$J$k!%=q$-9~$_%Q!<%_%C%7%g%s$,M-8z$G$"$k(B
$B$H!$(BApache$B$N(B\texttt{suexec}$B%5%V%7%9%F%`$O%9%/%j%W%H$N<B9T$r5qH]$9$k2DG=@-(B
$B$,9b$$!%<B:]$N$H$3$m!$(B\texttt{suexec}$B$O$5$i$K%9%/%j%W%H$NCV$+$l$F$$$k(B
\emph{$B%G%#%l%/%H%j(B}$B$,B>$N%f!<%6$N=q$-9~$_$r5qH]$9$k@_Dj$G$"$k$3$H$rMW5a$9(B
$B$k!%(B

\begin{codesample2}
  chmod 755 ~/public_html
\end{codesample2}

%\subsubsection{What could \emph{possibly} go wrong?}
\subsubsection{$B$I$3$,LdBj$H@.$jF@$k$+(B?}
\label{sec:collab:wtf}

%Once you've copied the CGI script into place, go into a web browser,
%and try to open the URL \url{http://myhostname/~myuser/hgweb.cgi},
%\emph{but} brace yourself for instant failure.  There's a high
%probability that trying to visit this URL will fail, and there are
%many possible reasons for this.  In fact, you're likely to stumble
%over almost every one of the possible errors below, so please read
%carefully.  The following are all of the problems I ran into on a
%system running Fedora~7, with a fresh installation of Apache, and a
%user account that I created specially to perform this exercise.

CGI$B%9%/%j%W%H$r=jDj$N>l=j$K%3%T!<$7$?$i!$%&%'%V%V%i%&%6$r5/F0$7$F(B
\url{http://myhostname/~myuser/hgweb.cgi} $B$r3+$/!%$7$+$7$3$N(BURL$B$K%"%/%;%9(B
$B$7$F$b%(%i!<$,$G$k2DG=@-$,9b$$$N$G!$Mn$ACe$$$FM_$7$$!%%(%i!<$K$OB?$/$NM}(B
$BM3$,9M$($i$l!$<B:]!$$=$N$9$Y$F$K0z$C3]$+$C$F$$$k2DG=@-$,9b$$$N$G!$0J2<$N(B
$B5-=R$rCm0U?<$/FI$s$GM_$7$$!%$3$3$K5s$2$?$N$O!$(BFedora~7$B$G!$?75,$K%$%s%9%H!<(B
$B%k$5$l$?(BApache$B$H!$$3$NNcBj$N$?$a$K?75,$K:n@.$7$?%f!<%6%"%+%&%s%H$GI.<T$,(B
$B<B:]$KAx6x$7$?LdBj$G$"$k!%(B

%Your web server may have per-user directories disabled.  If you're
%using Apache, search your config file for a \texttt{UserDir}
%directive.  If there's none present, per-user directories will be
%disabled.  If one exists, but its value is \texttt{disabled}, then
%per-user directories will be disabled.  Otherwise, the string after
%\texttt{UserDir} gives the name of the subdirectory that Apache will
%look in under your home directory, for example \dirname{public\_html}.

$B%&%'%V%5!<%P$O%f!<%6Kh$N%G%#%l%/%H%j%5!<%S%9$r6X;_$5$l$F$$$k$+$b$7$l$J$$!%(B
Apache$B$r;H$C$F$$$k>l9g!$@_Dj%U%!%$%k$N(B\texttt{UserDir}$B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$r(B
$B%A%'%C%/$9$k!%$b$7B8:_$7$J$1$l$P!$%f!<%6Kh$N%G%#%l%/%H%j%5!<%S%9$O6X;_$5(B
$B$l$F$$$k!%B8:_$7$F$b!$CM$,(B\texttt{disabled}$B$K@_Dj$5$l$F$$$l$P!$%f!<%6Kh$N(B
$B%G%#%l%/%H%j%5!<%S%9$O6X;_$G$"$k!%$^$?!$(B\texttt{UserDir}$B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$O(B
Apache$B$,%5!<%S%9MQ$KC5$9%[!<%`%G%#%l%/%H%jFb$N%5%V%G%#%l%/%H%j$r;XDj$9(B
$B$k!%E57?E*$JNc$O(B\dirname{public\_html}$B$G$"$k!%(B

%Your file access permissions may be too restrictive.  The web server
%must be able to traverse your home directory and directories under
%your \dirname{public\_html} directory, and read files under the latter
%too.  Here's a quick recipe to help you to make your permissions more
%appropriate.
$B%U%!%$%k%"%/%;%9%Q!<%_%C%7%g%s$,$-$D$9$.$k!%%&%'%V%5!<%P$O%[!<%`%G%#%l%/(B
$B%H%j$H(B\dirname{public\_html}$BFb$N%G%#%l%/%H%j$rEO$C$F%U%!%$%k$rFI$a$J$1$l(B
$B$P$J$i$J$$!%%Q!<%_%C%7%g%s$rE,@Z$K@_Dj$9$k$K$ONc$($P<!$N$h$&$K$9$l$P$h$$!%(B
\begin{codesample2}
  chmod 755 ~
  find ~/public_html -type d -print0 | xargs -0r chmod 755
  find ~/public_html -type f -print0 | xargs -0r chmod 644
\end{codesample2}

%The other possibility with permissions is that you might get a
%completely empty window when you try to load the script.  In this
%case, it's likely that your access permissions are \emph{too
%  permissive}.  Apache's \texttt{suexec} subsystem won't execute a
%script that's group-~or world-writable, for example.

$B%Q!<%_%C%7%g%s$K4X$9$k$=$NB>$N2DG=@-$H$7$F!$%9%/%j%W%H$r%m!<%I$7$h$&$H$9(B
$B$k$H6u$N%&%#%s%I%&$,I=<($5$l$kLdBj$,$"$k!%$3$N>l9g$O!$%Q!<%_%C%7%g%s@_Dj(B
$B$,(B\emph{$B4K$9$.$k(B}$B2DG=@-$,9b$$!%Nc$($P(BApache$B$N(B\texttt{suexec}$B%5%V%7%9%F%`(B
$B$O!$%0%k!<%W$dA4@$3&$+$i=q$-9~$_$N$G$-$k%9%/%j%W%H$r<B9T$7$J$$!%(B

%Your web server may be configured to disallow execution of CGI
%programs in your per-user web directory.  Here's Apache's
%default per-user configuration from my Fedora system.
$B%&%'%V%5!<%P$O(BCGI$B%W%m%0%i%`$N<B9T$r6X;_$9$k$h$&$K@_Dj$5$l$F$$$k$+$b$7$l(B
$B$J$$!%Cx<T$N(BFedora$B%7%9%F%`$+$i!$(BApache$B$N%f!<%6Kh$N%G%U%)%k%H@_Dj$rNc$H$7(B
$B$F<($9!%(B
\begin{codesample2}
  <Directory /home/*/public_html>
      AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
      Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec
      <Limit GET POST OPTIONS>
          Order allow,deny
          Allow from all
      </Limit>
      <LimitExcept GET POST OPTIONS>
          Order deny,allow
          Deny from all
      </LimitExcept>
  </Directory>
\end{codesample2}
%If you find a similar-looking \texttt{Directory} group in your Apache
%configuration, the directive to look at inside it is \texttt{Options}.
%Add \texttt{ExecCGI} to the end of this list if it's missing, and
%restart the web server.

Apache$B@_Dj$NCf$KF1MM$N(B\texttt{Directory}$B%0%k!<%W$,$"$k>l9g!$$=$NCf$GCmL\(B
$B$9$Y$-%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$O(B\texttt{Options}$B$G$"$k!%(B \texttt{ExecCGI}$B$,%j%9%H$K(B
$BL5$1$l$P:G8e$KDI2C$7!$%&%'%V%5!<%P$r:F5/F0$9$k!%(B

%If you find that Apache serves you the text of the CGI script instead
%of executing it, you may need to either uncomment (if already present)
%or add a directive like this.
Apache$B$,(BCGI$B%9%/%j%W%H$r<B9T$9$k$N$G$O$J$/!$%9%/%j%W%H<+BN$N%F%-%9%H$rAw$C(B
$B$F$/$k>l9g$O!$0J2<$N%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$rDI2C$9$k!%%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$,$9$G$K$"$j!$(B
$B%3%a%s%H%"%&%H$5$l$F$$$k$N$J$i!$M-8z2=$9$k!%(B
\begin{codesample2}
  AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
\end{codesample2}

%The next possibility is that you might be served with a colourful
%Python backtrace claiming that it can't import a
%\texttt{mercurial}-related module.  This is actually progress!  The
%server is now capable of executing your CGI script.  This error is
%only likely to occur if you're running a private installation of
%Mercurial, instead of a system-wide version.  Remember that the web
%server runs the CGI program without any of the environment variables
%that you take for granted in an interactive session.  If this error
%happens to you, edit your copy of \sfilename{hgweb.cgi} and follow the
%directions inside it to correctly set your \envar{PYTHONPATH}
%environment variable.

$B<!$N2DG=@-$O(B\texttt{mercurial}$B$K4XO"$7$?(Bmodule$B$,%$%s%]!<%H$G$-$J$$$3$H$r(B
$B7Y9p$9$k%+%i%U%k$J(BPython$B%P%C%/%H%l!<%9$,8+$($k$3$H$@!%$3$l$OA0?J$H8@$((B
$B$k!%%5!<%P$O(BCGI$B%9%/%j%W%H$r<B9T$G$-$k$h$&$K$J$C$?!%$3$N%(%i!<$O(BMercurial
$B$r%7%9%F%`%o%$%I$K%$%s%9%H!<%k$9$k$N$G$O$J$/!$%W%i%$%Y!<%H%$%s%9%H!<%k$7(B
$B$?>l9g$K$N$_5/$-$k!%BPOCE*$J%;%C%7%g%s$H$O0[$J$j!$%&%'%V%5!<%P$O(BCGI$B%W%m%0(B
$B%i%`$r4D6-JQ?t$J$7$G5/F0$9$k!%$3$N%(%i!<$,5/$-$?>l9g$O(B
\sfilename{hgweb.cgi}$B$rJT=8$7!$4D6-JQ?t(B\envar{PYTHONPATH}$B$,%;%C%H$5$l$k$h(B
$B$&$K$9$k!%(B

%Finally, you are \emph{certain} to by served with another colourful
%Python backtrace: this one will complain that it can't find
%\dirname{/path/to/repository}.  Edit your \sfilename{hgweb.cgi} script
%and replace the \dirname{/path/to/repository} string with the complete
%path to the repository you want to serve up.

$B:#EY$O(B\emph{$B$*$=$i$/(B}$B%+%i%U%k$J(BPython$B$N%P%C%/%H%l!<%9$,8+$($k$O$:$@!%$3$l(B
$B$O(B\dirname{/path/to/repository}$B$,8+$D$+$i$J$$$3$H$r7Y9p$7$F$$$k!%(B
\sfilename{hgweb.cgi}$B%9%/%j%W%H$rJT=8$7!$(B\dirname{/path/to/repository}$B$H(B
$B$$$&J8;zNs$r!$%5!<%S%9$7$?$$%j%]%8%H%j$X$N40A4$J%Q%9$KCV$-49$($k!%(B

%At this point, when you try to reload the page, you should be
%presented with a nice HTML view of your repository's history.  Whew!

$B$3$3$G%Z!<%8$r%j%m!<%I$9$k$H!$%j%]%8%H%j$NMzNr$rI=$9H~$7$$(BHTML$B$,8+$($k$O(B
$B$:$@!%$d$C$?!*(B

%\subsubsection{Configuring lighttpd}
\subsubsection{lighttpd$B$N@_Dj(B}

%To be exhaustive in my experiments, I tried configuring the
%increasingly popular \texttt{lighttpd} web server to serve the same
%repository as I described with Apache above.  I had already overcome
%all of the problems I outlined with Apache, many of which are not
%server-specific.  As a result, I was fairly sure that my file and
%directory permissions were good, and that my \sfilename{hgweb.cgi}
%script was properly edited.

$BI.<T$N<B83$NCf$G$O!$(BApache$B$r;H$C$F%5!<%S%9$7$?$N$HF1$8%j%]%8%H%j$r?M5$$r(B
$B3MF@$7$D$D$"$k%&%'%V%5!<%P$G$"$k(B\texttt{lighttpd}$B$rMQ$$$F%5!<%S%9$9$k$3$H(B
$B$b;n$_$?!%(B Apache$B$K4X$9$kA4$F$NLdBjE@$r4{$K2r7h$7$F$$$?$,!$$=$NCf$NB?$/$O(B
$B%5!<%PFCM-$H$$$&$o$1$G$O$J$+$C$?!%7k2L$H$7$F!$%U%!%$%k$H%G%#%l%/%H%j$N%Q!<(B
$B%_%C%7%g%s@_Dj$,@5$7$$$3$H!$(B \sfilename{hgweb.cgi}$B%9%/%j%W%H$,@5$7$/@_Dj(B
$B$5$l$F$$$k$3$H$r3N?.$7$?!%(B

%Once I had Apache running, getting \texttt{lighttpd} to serve the
%repository was a snap (in other words, even if you're trying to use
%\texttt{lighttpd}, you should read the Apache section).  I first had
%to edit the \texttt{mod\_access} section of its config file to enable
%\texttt{mod\_cgi} and \texttt{mod\_userdir}, both of which were
%disabled by default on my system.  I then added a few lines to the end
%of the config file, to configure these modules.
$B$9$G$K(BApache$B$r;H$C$F$$$?$N$G!$(B\texttt{lighttpd}$B$G%j%]%8%H%j$N%5!<%S%9$r9T(B
$B$&$3$H$O$?$d$9$+$C$?!%!J$3$l$O(B\texttt{lighttpd}$B$r;H$C$F%5!<%S%9$r;n$_$k>l(B
$B9g$b(BApache$B$N%;%/%7%g%s$rFI$`I,MW$,$"$k$H$$$&$3$H$G$b$"$k!%!KI.<T$N%7%9%F(B
$B%`$G$O(B\texttt{mod\_cgi}$B$H(B\texttt{mod\_userdir}$B$,6&$KL58z$K@_Dj$5$l$F$$$?(B
$B$N$G!$$3$l$i$rM-8z$K$9$k$?$a$K!$$^$:@_Dj%U%!%$%k$N(B\texttt{mod\_access}$B%;(B
$B%/%7%g%s$rJT=8$9$kI,MW$,$"$C$?!%$=$N8e$G!$2<5-$N%b%8%e!<%k$rM-8z$K$9$k$?(B
$B$a$K!$@_Dj%U%!%$%k$NKvHx$K?t9T$rDI2C$7$?!%(B
\begin{codesample2}
  userdir.path = "public_html"
  cgi.assign = ( ".cgi" => "" )
\end{codesample2}
%With this done, \texttt{lighttpd} ran immediately for me.  If I had
%configured \texttt{lighttpd} before Apache, I'd almost certainly have
%run into many of the same system-level configuration problems as I did
%with Apache.  However, I found \texttt{lighttpd} to be noticeably
%easier to configure than Apache, even though I've used Apache for over
%a decade, and this was my first exposure to \texttt{lighttpd}.
$B$3$l$i$N@_Dj$r$9$k$@$1$G(B\texttt{lighttpd}$B$O$9$0$KF0:n$7$?!%(B Apache$B$h$jA0(B
$B$K(B\texttt{lighttpd}$B$r;n$7$F$$$?$i!$(BApache$B$GD>LL$7$?$h$&$JMM!9$J%7%9%F%`%l(B
$B%Y%k$N@_DjLdBj$KAx6x$7$F$$$?$K0c$$$J$$$,!$=i$a$F;H$&(B\texttt{lighttpd}$B$N@_(B
$BDj$NJ}$,!$$3$l$^$G(B10$BG/0J>e$K$o$?$C$F;H$C$F$-$?(BApache$B$N$=$l$h$j$bL@$i$+$K(B
$B4JC1$G$"$k$3$H$,J,$+$C$?!%(B

%\subsection{Sharing multiple repositories with one CGI script}
\subsection{1$B$D$N(BCGI$B%9%/%j%W%H$GJ#?t$N%j%]%8%H%j$r6&M-$9$k(B}

%The \sfilename{hgweb.cgi} script only lets you publish a single
%repository, which is an annoying restriction.  If you want to publish
%more than one without wracking yourself with multiple copies of the
%same script, each with different names, a better choice is to use the
%\sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} script.
\sfilename{hgweb.cgi}$B%9%/%j%W%H$K$O!$(B1$B$D$N%j%]%8%H%j$7$+8x3+$G$-$J$$$H$$(B
$B$&Lq2p$J@)8B$,$"$k!%(B 2$B$D0J>e$N%j%]%8%H%j$r8x3+$7$?$$>l9g$O!$F1$8%9%/%j%W(B
$B%H$rJL$NL>A0$G$$$/$D$bF0$+$9$N$G$O$J$/!$(B \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi}$B%9%/%j%W(B
$B%H$r;H$&$N$,NI$$$@$m$&!%(B

%The procedure to configure \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} is only a little
%more involved than for \sfilename{hgweb.cgi}.  First, you must obtain
%a copy of the script.  If you don't have one handy, you can download a
%copy from the master Mercurial repository at
%\url{http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/tip/hgwebdir.cgi}.
\sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi}$B$N@_Dj$N<j=g$O(B\sfilename{hgweb.cgi}$B$h$j$b$o$:$+$K(B
$B9~$_F~$C$F$$$k$@$1$@!%<j6a$J$H$3$m$K%9%/%j%W%H$,$J$1$l$P!$(BMercurial$B$N%^%9(B
$B%?!<%j%]%8%H%j(B
\url{http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/tip/hgwebdir.cgi}$B$+$i%9%/%j(B
$B%W%H$rF~<j$G$-$k!%(B

%You'll need to copy this script into your \dirname{public\_html}
%directory, and ensure that it's executable.
$B$3$N%9%/%j%W%H$r(B\dirname{public\_html}$B%G%#%l%/%H%j$K%3%T!<$7!$<B9T%Q!<%_%C(B
$B%7%g%s$rM?$($k!%(B
\begin{codesample2}
  cp .../hgwebdir.cgi ~/public_html
  chmod 755 ~/public_html ~/public_html/hgwebdir.cgi
\end{codesample2}
%With basic configuration out of the way, try to visit
%\url{http://myhostname/~myuser/hgwebdir.cgi} in your browser.  It
%should display an empty list of repositories.  If you get a blank
%window or error message, try walking through the list of potential
%problems in section~\ref{sec:collab:wtf}.
$BDL>o$N@_Dj$N>l9g!$%V%i%&%6$G(B\url{http://myhostname/~myuser/hgwebdir.cgi}
$B$r3+$/$H!$Cf?H$,6u$N%j%]%8%H%j$rI=<($9$k$O$:$@!%%&%#%s%I%&<+BN$,6u$@$C$?(B
$B$j!$%(%i!<%a%C%;!<%8$,I=<($5$l$k>l9g$O!$%;%/%7%g%s(B~\ref{sec:collab:wtf}
$B$NLdBj%j%9%H$r;2>H$7$F$[$7$$!%(B

%The \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} script relies on an external
%configuration file.  By default, it searches for a file named
%\sfilename{hgweb.config} in the same directory as itself.  You'll need
%to create this file, and make it world-readable.  The format of the
%file is similar to a Windows ``ini'' file, as understood by Python's
%\texttt{ConfigParser}~\cite{web:configparser} module.
\sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi}$B$O30It$N@_Dj%U%!%$%k$r;HMQ$7$F$$$k!%%G%U%)%k%H$G(B
$B$OF1$8%G%#%l%/%H%jFb$N(B\sfilename{hgweb.config}$B$H$$$&%U%!%$%k$r;2>H$9$k!%(B
$B$3$N%U%!%$%k$r:n@.$7!$A4$F$N%f!<%6$+$iFI$a$k$h$&$K@_Dj$9$k!%(B
$B$3$N%U%!%$%k$O(BPython$B$N(B\texttt{ConfigParser}~\cite{web:configparser}$B$G=h(B
$BM}$G$-$k$h$&(BWindows$B$N(B``ini''$B%U%!%$%k$H;w$?7A<0$K$J$C$F$$$k!%(B

%The easiest way to configure \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} is with a
%section named \texttt{collections}.  This will automatically publish
%\emph{every} repository under the directories you name.  The section
%should look like this:
\sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi}$B$N:G$b4JC1$J@_DjJ}K!$O!$(B\texttt{collections}$B%;%/(B
$B%7%g%s$rJT=8$9$k$3$H$G$"$k!%$3$l$O<+F0E*$K;XDj$7$?%G%#%l%/%H%j0J2<$N(B
\emph{$BA4$F$N(B}$B%j%]%8%H%j$r8x3+$9$k!%$3$N%;%/%7%g%s$O<!$N$h$&$K$J$C$F$$$k!'(B
\begin{codesample2}
  [collections]
  /my/root = /my/root
\end{codesample2}
%Mercurial interprets this by looking at the directory name on the
%\emph{right} hand side of the ``\texttt{=}'' sign; finding
%repositories in that directory hierarchy; and using the text on the
%\emph{left} to strip off matching text from the names it will actually
%list in the web interface.  The remaining component of a path after
%this stripping has occurred is called a ``virtual path''.
Mercurial$B$O(B``\texttt{=}''$B5-9f$N(B\emph{$B1&B&(B}$B$N%G%#%l%/%H%jL>$r;2>H$7$F!$%G%#(B
$B%l%/%H%j3,AXFb$N%j%]%8%H%j$rC5$9!%8+$D$+$C$?;~$O!$%j%]%8%H%j$N%Q%9$+$i(B
\emph{$B:8B&(B}$B$NJ8;zNs$H%^%C%A$9$kItJ,$r:o$j!$<B:]$K%&%'%V%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$KI=(B
$B<($5$l$k%Q%9J8;zNs$r:n$k!%:o=|8e$N%Q%9$r(B``$B2>A[%Q%9(B''$B$H8F$V!%(B

%Given the example above, if we have a repository whose local path is
%\dirname{/my/root/this/repo}, the CGI script will strip the leading
%\dirname{/my/root} from the name, and publish the repository with a
%virtual path of \dirname{this/repo}.  If the base URL for our CGI
%script is \url{http://myhostname/~myuser/hgwebdir.cgi}, the complete
%URL for that repository will be
%\url{http://myhostname/~myuser/hgwebdir.cgi/this/repo}.
$B>e$NNc$G!$(BCGI$B%9%/%j%W%H$O!$%m!<%+%k%Q%9$,(B\dirname{/my/root/this/repo}$B$G$"(B
$B$k%j%]%8%H%j$KBP$7$F(B\dirname{/my/root}$B$r<h$j=|$-!$(B\dirname{this/repo}$B$H$$(B
$B$&2>A[%Q%9$r:n@.$7!$8x3+$9$k!%$b$7(BCGI$B%9%/%j%W%H$N%Y!<%9(BURL$B$,(B
\url{http://myhostname/~myuser/hgwebdir.cgi}$B$@$H$9$k$H!$%j%]%8%H%j$N40A4(B
$B$J(BURL$B$O(B\url{http://myhostname/~myuser/hgwebdir.cgi/this/repo}$B$H$J$k!%(B

%If we replace \dirname{/my/root} on the left hand side of this example
%with \dirname{/my}, then \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} will only strip off
%\dirname{/my} from the repository name, and will give us a virtual
%path of \dirname{root/this/repo} instead of \dirname{this/repo}.
$B$3$NNc$N:8JU$N(B\dirname{/my/root}$B$r(B\dirname{/my}$B$GCV$-49$($k$H(B
\sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi}$B$O(B\dirname{/my}$B$@$1$r%j%]%8%H%jL>$+$i<h$j=|$-!$2>(B
$BA[%Q%9$H$7$F(B\dirname{this/repo}$B$G$O$J$/(B\dirname{root/this/repo}$B$r:n$k!%(B

%The \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} script will recursively search each
%directory listed in the \texttt{collections} section of its
%configuration file, but it will \texttt{not} recurse into the
%repositories it finds.
\sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi}$B%9%/%j%W%H$O!$@_Dj%U%!%$%k$N(B\texttt{collections}
$B%;%/%7%g%s$K=q$+$l$?%G%#%l%/%H%j$r:F5"E*$K%5!<%A$9$k!%$3$N%9%/%j%W%H$O8+(B
$B$D$1$?%j%]%8%H%j$NCf$O%5!<%A(B\texttt{$B$7$J$$(B}$B!%(B

%The \texttt{collections} mechanism makes it easy to publish many
%repositories in a ``fire and forget'' manner.  You only need to set up
%the CGI script and configuration file one time.  Afterwards, you can
%publish or unpublish a repository at any time by simply moving it
%into, or out of, the directory hierarchy in which you've configured
%\sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} to look.
\texttt{collections}$B%a%+%K%:%`$K$h$C$FJ#?t$N%j%]%8%H%j$r4JC1$K8x3+$9$k$3(B
$B$H$,$G$-$k!%(BCGI$B%9%/%j%W%H$H@_Dj%U%!%$%k$rJT=8$9$k$N$O:G=i$N0l2s$@$1$G$h(B
$B$/!$%j%]%8%H%j$r(B\sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi}$B$NC5:w$9$k%G%#%l%/%H%j3,AXFb$K0\(B
$BF0$9$l$P8x3+$K!$3,AXFb$+$i30$;$PHs8x3+$K@_Dj$G$-$k!%(B


%\subsubsection{Explicitly specifying which repositories to publish}
\subsubsection{$B$I$N%j%]%8%H%j$rI=<($9$k$+L@<(E*$K;XDj$9$k(B}

%In addition to the \texttt{collections} mechanism, the
%\sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} script allows you to publish a specific list
%of repositories.  To do so, create a \texttt{paths} section, with
%contents of the following form.
\sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi}$B%9%/%j%W%H$O(B\texttt{collections}$B$N%a%+%K%:%`$NB>(B
$B$K$b%j%]%8%H%j$NFCDj$N%j%9%H$r8x3+$9$kJ}K!$rMQ0U$7$F$$$k!%2<5-$N$h$&$J(B
$BFbMF$N(B\texttt{paths}$B%;%/%7%g%s$r:n$k!%(B
\begin{codesample2}
  [paths]
  repo1 = /my/path/to/some/repo
  repo2 = /some/path/to/another
\end{codesample2}
%In this case, the virtual path (the component that will appear in a
%URL) is on the left hand side of each definition, while the path to
%the repository is on the right.  Notice that there does not need to be
%any relationship between the virtual path you choose and the location
%of a repository in your filesystem.
$B$3$N>l9g!$3F!9$NDj5A$N:8JU$K2>A[%Q%9!J(BURL$B$K8=$l$kMWAG!K$,!$%j%]%8%H%j$X$N(B
$B%Q%9$,1&JU$K8=$l$k!%A*$s$@2>A[%Q%9$H%U%!%$%k%7%9%F%`Cf$G$N0LCV$N4V$K$O$$(B
$B$+$J$k4XO"@-$bI,MW$J$$!%(B

%If you wish, you can use both the \texttt{collections} and
%\texttt{paths} mechanisms simultaneously in a single configuration
%file.
\texttt{collections}$B$H(B\texttt{paths}$B$NN>J}$N5!9=$rF10l$N@_Dj%U%!%$%kFb$G(B
$BF1;~$KMQ$$$k$3$H$b$G$-$k!%(B

%\begin{note}
%Beware duplicate virtual paths

%If several repositories have the same virtual path,
%\sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} will not report an error.  Instead, it will
%behave unpredictably.
%\end{note}

\begin{note}
$B2>A[%Q%9$N=EJ#$KCm0U(B

$BJ#?t$N%j%]%8%H%j$,F1$82>A[%Q%9$r;}$D>l9g$G$b(B\sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi}$B$O%(%i!<(B
$B$rI=<($7$J$$$,!$5sF0$OM=B,$N$D$+$J$$$b$N$H$J$k!%(B
\end{note}

%\subsection{Downloading source archives}
\subsection{$B%=!<%9%"!<%+%$%V$N%@%&%s%m!<%I(B}

%Mercurial's web interface lets users download an archive of any
%revision.  This archive will contain a snapshot of the working
%directory as of that revision, but it will not contain a copy of the
%repository data.
$B%f!<%6$O(BMercurial$B$N%&%'%V%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$+$i$I$N%j%S%8%g%s$N%"!<%+%$%V$b(B
$B%@%&%s%m!<%I$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%%"!<%+%$%V$OEv3:%j%S%8%g%s$N%o!<%-%s%0%G%#(B
$B%l%/%H%j$N%9%J%C%W%7%g%C%H$r4^$`$,!$%j%]%8%H%j<+BN$N%G!<%?$O4^$^$J$$!%(B

%By default, this feature is not enabled.  To enable it, you'll need to
%add an \rcitem{web}{allow\_archive} item to the \rcsection{web}
%section of your \hgrc; see below for details.

$B%G%U%)%k%H$G$O$3$N5!G=$OL58z$K$5$l$F$$$k!%M-8z$K$9$k$K$O(B
\rcitem{web}{allow\_archive}$B9`L\$r(B\hgrc $B$N(B\rcsection{web}$B%;%/%7%g%s$KDI(B
$B2C$9$kI,MW$,$"$k!%!J>\:Y$K$D$$$F$O2<5-$r;2>H!%!K(B

%\subsection{Web configuration options}
\subsection{Web$B@_Dj%*%W%7%g%s(B}

%Mercurial's web interfaces (the \hgcmd{serve} command, and the
%\sfilename{hgweb.cgi} and \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} scripts) have a
%number of configuration options that you can set.  These belong in a
%section named \rcsection{web}.
Mercurial$B%&%'%V%$%s%?%U%'!<%9(B(the \hgcmd{serve}$B%3%^%s(B
$B%I!$(B\sfilename{hgweb.cgi}$B$*$h$S(B\sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi}$B%9%/%j%W%H(B)$B$K$OB?(B
$B$/$N@_Dj%*%W%7%g%s$,$"$k!%$3$l$i$O(B\rcsection{web}$B%;%/%7%g%s$K4^$^$l$k!%(B

\begin{itemize}
%\item[\rcitem{web}{allow\_archive}] Determines which (if any) archive
%  download mechanisms Mercurial supports.  If you enable this
%  feature, users of the web interface will be able to download an
%  archive of whatever revision of a repository they are viewing.
%  To enable the archive feature, this item must take the form of a
%  sequence of words drawn from the list below.
\item[\rcitem{web}{allow\_archive}] $B$I$N%"!<%+%$%V%@%&%s%m!<%I%a%+%K%:%`(B
	     $B$r(BMercurial$B$,%5%]!<%H$9$k$N$+$r7hDj$9$k!%$3$N5!G=$rM-8z$K$9(B
	     $B$k$H!$%&%'%V%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$N%f!<%6$O%j%]%8%H%j$NG$0U$N%j%S%8%g(B
	     $B%s$N%"!<%+%$%V$r%@%&%s%m!<%I$G$-$k$h$&$K$J$k!%%"!<%+%$%V:r(B
	     $BF|$rM-8z$K$9$k$K$O$3$N9`L\$O!$2<$N%j%9%H$K<($98l$+$i9=@.$5(B
	     $B$l$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!%(B

  \begin{itemize}
%  \item[\texttt{bz2}] A \command{tar} archive, compressed using
%    \texttt{bzip2} compression.  This has the best compression ratio,
%    but uses the most CPU time on the server.
\item[\texttt{bz2}] \texttt{bzip2}$B05=L$5$l$?(B\command{tar}$B%"!<%+%$%V!%05=LN($,:G(B
	     $B$b9b$$$,!$%5!<%P$N(BCPU$B;~4V$b0lHV;HMQ$9$k!%(B

%  \item[\texttt{gz}] A \command{tar} archive, compressed using
%    \texttt{gzip} compression.
\item[\texttt{gz}] \texttt{gzip}$B05=L$5$l$?(B\command{tar}$B%"!<%+%$%V!%(B

%  \item[\texttt{zip}] A \command{zip} archive, compressed using LZW
%    compression.  This format has the worst compression ratio, but is
%    widely used in the Windows world.
\item[\texttt{zip}] LZW$B05=L$5$l$?(B\command{zip}$B%"!<%+%$%V!%$3$NCf$G05=LN((B
	     $B$O:GDc$@$,!$(BWindows$B$N4D6-$G$O9-$/MQ$$$i$l$F$$$k!%(B
  \end{itemize}

%  If you provide an empty list, or don't have an
%  \rcitem{web}{allow\_archive} entry at all, this feature will be
%  disabled.  Here is an example of how to enable all three supported
%  formats.
$B6u$N%j%9%H$rM?$($k$+!$(B\rcitem{web}{allow\_archive}$B$r5-=R$7$J$1$l$P!$$3$N(B
	     $B:rF|$OL58z2=$5$l$k!%%5%]!<%H$5$l$F$$$k(B3$B$D$N%U%)!<%^%C%HA4$F(B
	     $B$rM-8z$K$9$kNc$r<($9!%(B
  \begin{codesample4}
    [web]
    allow_archive = bz2 gz zip
  \end{codesample4}

%\item[\rcitem{web}{allowpull}] Boolean.  Determines whether the web
%  interface allows remote users to \hgcmd{pull} and \hgcmd{clone} this
%  repository over~HTTP.  If set to \texttt{no} or \texttt{false}, only
%  the ``human-oriented'' portion of the web interface is available.
\item[\rcitem{web}{allowpull}] $B%V!<%kCM!%%j%b!<%H%f!<%6$K%&%'%V%$%s%?%U%'!<(B
	     $B%9$rMQ$$$?(B~HTTP$B$K$h$k(B\hgcmd{pull}$B5Z$S(B\hgcmd{clone}$B$r5v2D$9(B
	     $B$k$+$I$&$+$r7h$a$k!%(B\texttt{no}$B$^$?$O(B\texttt{false}$B$N>l9g!$(B
	     $B%&%'%V%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$O%V%i%&%6$K$h$k1\Mw$N$_$,2DG=$K$J$k!%(B

%\item[\rcitem{web}{contact}] String.  A free-form (but preferably
%  brief) string identifying the person or group in charge of the
%  repository.  This often contains the name and email address of a
%  person or mailing list.  It often makes sense to place this entry in
%  a repository's own \sfilename{.hg/hgrc} file, but it can make sense
%  to use in a global \hgrc\ if every repository has a single
%  maintainer.
\item[\rcitem{web}{contact}] $BJ8;zNs!%<+M37A<0!J4J7i$JI=5-$,9%$^$7$$!K$G%j(B
	     $B%]%8%H%j$rC4Ev$9$k?MJ*$d%0%k!<%W$r5-=R$9$k!%DL>o$O?ML>$H!$8D(B
	     $B?M$^$?$O%a!<%j%s%0%j%9%H$N%"%I%l%9$r4^$`!%B?$/$N>l(B
	     $B9g!$(B\sfilename{.hg/hgrc}$B$K$3$N5-=R$rCV$/$N$,NI$$!%$b$7A4$F$N(B
	     $B%j%]%8%H%j$rF10l?MJ*$,4IM}$9$k$N$G$"$l$P!$%0%m!<%P%k$J(B
	     \hgrc\ $B$KCV$/$N$b$h$$!%(B

%\item[\rcitem{web}{maxchanges}] Integer.  The default maximum number
%  of changesets to display in a single page of output.
\item[\rcitem{web}{maxchanges}] $B@0?t!%(B1$B%Z!<%8$KI=<($9$k%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$N(B
	     $B%G%U%)%k%H$N:GBg?t!%(B

%\item[\rcitem{web}{maxfiles}] Integer.  The default maximum number
%  of modified files to display in a single page of output.
\item[\rcitem{web}{maxfiles}] $B@0?t!%(B1$B%Z!<%8$KI=<($9$k99?7$5$l$?%U%!%$%k(B
	     $B$N%G%U%)%k%H$N:GBg?t!%(B

%\item[\rcitem{web}{stripes}] Integer.  If the web interface displays
%  alternating ``stripes'' to make it easier to visually align rows
%  when you are looking at a table, this number controls the number of
%  rows in each stripe.
\item[\rcitem{web}{stripes}] $B@0?t!%I=$NI=<($r9T$&:]$K!$9T$r8+0W$/$9$k$?$a(B
	     $B%&%'%V%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$,8r8_$K(B``$B%9%H%i%$%W(B''$BI=<($9$k>l9g!$$3$N(B
	     $BCM$G$=$l$>$l$N%9%H%i%$%W$N9T?t$r@_Dj$9$k!%(B

%\item[\rcitem{web}{style}] Controls the template Mercurial uses to
%	     display the web interface.  Mercurial ships with several web
%	     templates.
%
%	     \begin{itemize}
%	      \item \texttt{coal} is monochromatic.
%	      \item \texttt{gitweb} emulates the visual style of git's
%		    web interface.
%	      \item \texttt{monoblue} uses solid blues and greys.
%	      \item \texttt{paper} is the default.
%	      \item \texttt{spartan} was the default for a long time.
%	     \end{itemize}
%
%	     You can also specify a custom template of your own; see
%	     chapter~\ref{chap:template} for details.  Here, you can see
%	     how to enable the \texttt{gitweb} style.

\item[\rcitem{web}{style}] Mercurial$B$,%&%'%V%$%s%?!<%U%'!<%9$rI=<($9$k$?(B
	     $B$a$K;HMQ$9$k%F%s%W%l!<%H$r@)8f$9$k!%(BMercurial$B$K$O$$$/$D$+$N(B
	     $B%&%'%V%F%s%W%l!<%H$,F1:-$5$l$F$$$k!%(B

	     \begin{itemize}
	      \item \texttt{coal} $BC1?'$N%F%s%W%l!<%H!%(B
	      \item \texttt{gitweb} git$B$N%&%'%V%$%s%?!<%U%'!<%9$rLOJo$7(B
		    $B$?%G%6%$%s$N$b$N!%(B
	      \item \texttt{monoblue} $BC1?'$N@D$H%0%l!<!%(B
	      \item \texttt{paper} $B%G%U%)%k%H(B
	      \item \texttt{spartan} $B$3$l$^$GD9$i$/%G%U%)%k%H$H$7$F;H$o(B
		    $B$l$F$-$?$b$N!%(B
	     \end{itemize}

	     $BFH<+$N%F%s%W%l!<%H$r;XDj$9$k$3$H$b2DG=$G$"$k!%>\:Y(B
	     $B$O(B~\ref{chap:template}$B$r;2>H$N$3$H!%$3$3$G$O(B\texttt{gitweb}$B%9(B
	     $B%?%$%k$rM-8z$K$9$kJ}K!$r<($9!%(B
  \begin{codesample4}
    [web]
    style = gitweb
  \end{codesample4}
%\item[\rcitem{web}{templates}] Path.  The directory in which to search
%  for template files.  By default, Mercurial searches in the directory
%  in which it was installed.
\item[\rcitem{web}{templates}] $B%Q%9!%%F%s%W%l!<%H%U%!%$%k$r8!:w$9$k%G%#%l(B
	     $B%/%H%j!%%G%U%)%k%H$G$O(BMercurial$B$O%$%s%9%H!<%k$5$l$?%G%#%l%/(B
	     $B%H%j$+$i%F%s%W%l!<%H$rC5$9!%(B
\end{itemize}
%If you are using \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi}, you can place a few
%configuration items in a \rcsection{web} section of the
%\sfilename{hgweb.config} file instead of a \hgrc\ file, for
%convenience.  These items are \rcitem{web}{motd} and
%\rcitem{web}{style}.
\sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi}$B$rMxMQ$9$k>l9g!$JXMx$N$?$a!$(B\hgrc\ $B%U%!%$%k$G$O$J$/(B
\sfilename{hgweb.config}$B%U%!%$%k$N(B\rcsection{web}$B%;%/%7%g%s$K(B\rcitem{web}{motd}$B$*$h$S(B\rcitem{web}{style}$B9`L\$rCV$/$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B

%\subsubsection{Options specific to an individual repository}
\subsubsection{$B8D!9$N%j%]%8%H%j$KFCM-$N%*%W%7%g%s(B}

%A few \rcsection{web} configuration items ought to be placed in a
%repository's local \sfilename{.hg/hgrc}, rather than a user's or
%global \hgrc.
$B$$$/$D$+$N(B\rcsection{web} $B@_Dj9`L\$O%f!<%6$d%0%m!<%P%k$N(B \hgrc $B$G$O$J$/!$(B
$B%j%]%8%H%j%m!<%+%k$N(B\sfilename{.hg/hgrc}$B%U%!%$%k$K=q$+$l$k$N$,<+A3$G$"$k!%(B
\begin{itemize}
%\item[\rcitem{web}{description}] String.  A free-form (but preferably
%  brief) string that describes the contents or purpose of the
%  repository.
\item[\rcitem{web}{description}] $BJ8;zNs!%%j%]%8%H%j$NFbMF$dL\E*$K$D$$$F(B
	     $B$N@bL@!%7A<0$O<+M3$@$,!$4J7i$J$b$N$,9%$^$l$k!%(B
%\item[\rcitem{web}{name}] String.  The name to use for the repository
%  in the web interface.  This overrides the default name, which is the
%  last component of the repository's path.
\item[\rcitem{web}{name}] $BJ8;zNs!%%&%'%V%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$G$N%j%]%8%H%jL>!%(B
	     $B$3$NL>A0$O%j%]%8%H%j%Q%9Cf$N:G8e$NMWAG$+$i:n$i$l$k%G%U%)%k%H(B
	     $BL>$r%*!<%P%i%$%I$9$k!%(B
\end{itemize}

%\subsubsection{Options specific to the \hgcmd{serve} command}
\subsubsection{\hgcmd{serve}$B%3%^%s%IFCM-$N%*%W%7%g%s(B}

%Some of the items in the \rcsection{web} section of a \hgrc\ file are
%only for use with the \hgcmd{serve} command.
\hgrc\ $B%U%!%$%k$N(B\rcsection{web}$B%;%/%7%g%s$N9`L\$O(B\hgcmd{serve}$B%3%^%s%I(B
$B$G$N$_MQ$$$i$l$k!%(B

\begin{itemize}
%\item[\rcitem{web}{accesslog}] Path.  The name of a file into which to
%  write an access log.  By default, the \hgcmd{serve} command writes
%  this information to standard output, not to a file.  Log entries are
%  written in the standard ``combined'' file format used by almost all
%  web servers.
\item[\rcitem{web}{accesslog}] $B%Q%9!%%"%/%;%9%m%0$r=PNO$9$k%U%!%$%k$NL>(B
	     $BA0!%%G%U%)%k%H$G$O(B\hgcmd{serve}$B%3%^%s%I$O%U%!%$%k$G$O$J$/I8(B
	     $B=`=PNO$X=PNO$r9T$&!%%m%0%(%s%H%j$O$[$H$s$I$N%&%'%V%5!<%P$G(B
	     $BI8=`$N%3%s%P%$%s%I%U%!%$%k7A<0$G9T$o$l$k!%(B

%\item[\rcitem{web}{address}] String.  The local address on which the
%  server should listen for incoming connections.  By default, the
%  server listens on all addresses.
\item[\rcitem{web}{address}] $BJ8;zNs!%@\B3$KBP$7$F%5!<%P$,BT5!$9$k%m!<%+(B
	     $B%k%"%I%l%9!%%G%U%)%k%H$G$OA4$F$N%"%I%l%9$KBP$7$FBT5!$9$k!%(B

%\item[\rcitem{web}{errorlog}] Path.  The name of a file into which to
%  write an error log.  By default, the \hgcmd{serve} command writes this
%  information to standard error, not to a file.
\item[\rcitem{web}{errorlog}] $B%Q%9!%%(%i!<$r5-O?$9$k%U%!%$%k$NL>A0!%%G%U%)(B
	     $B%k%H$G$O(B \hgcmd{serve}$B%3%^%s%I$O%U%!%$%k$G$O$J$/I8=`%(%i!<(B
	     $B=PNO$X=PNO$r9T$&!%(B

%\item[\rcitem{web}{ipv6}] Boolean.  Whether to use the IPv6 protocol.
%  By default, IPv6 is not used.
\item[\rcitem{web}{ipv6}] $B%V!<%kCM!%(BIPv6$B%W%m%H%3%kMxMQ$NM-L5!%%G%U%)%k%H(B
	     $B$O(BIPv6$BIT;HMQ!%(B

%\item[\rcitem{web}{port}] Integer.  The TCP~port number on which the
%  server should listen.  The default port number used is~8000.
\item[\rcitem{web}{port}] $B@0?t!%%5!<%P$,BT5!$9$k(BTCP$B%]!<%HHV9f!%%G%U%)%k(B
	     $B%H$O(B8000$BHV(B.

\end{itemize}

%\subsubsection{Choosing the right \hgrc\ file to add \rcsection{web}
  %items to}
\subsubsection{\rcsection{web}$B%"%$%F%`$rDI2C$9$k@5$7$$(B\hgrc $B%U%!%$%k$rA*$V(B}

%It is important to remember that a web server like Apache or
%\texttt{lighttpd} will run under a user~ID that is different to yours.
%CGI scripts run by your server, such as \sfilename{hgweb.cgi}, will
%usually also run under that user~ID.

Apache$B$d(B\texttt{lighttpd}$B$N$h$&$J%&%'%V%5!<%P$OFH<+$N%f!<%6(B~ID$B$GF0:n$9$k(B
$B$3$H$KN10U$9$kI,MW$,$"$k!%(B\sfilename{hgweb.cgi}$B$N$h$&$J(BCGI$B%9%/%j%W%H$ODL(B
$B>o%5!<%P$,%5!<%P$N%f!<%6(B~ID$B$GF0:n$5$;$k!%(B

%If you add \rcsection{web} items to your own personal \hgrc\ file, CGI
%scripts won't read that \hgrc\ file.  Those settings will thus only
%affect the behaviour of the \hgcmd{serve} command when you run it.  To
%cause CGI scripts to see your settings, either create a \hgrc\ file in
%the home directory of the user ID that runs your web server, or add
%those settings to a system-wide \hgrc\ file.

\rcsection{web}$B%"%$%F%`$r%f!<%68D?M$N(B\hgrc\ $B%U%!%$%k$KDI2C$7$F$b(BCGI$B%9%/%j(B
$B%W%H$O$=$N(B\hgrc\ $B$r;2>H$7$J$$!%$3$l$i$N@_Dj$O!$%f!<%6$,5/F0$9$k(B
\hgcmd{serve}$B%3%^%s%I$K$N$_1F6A$rM?$($k!%$"$J$?$,9T$C$?@_Dj$r(BCGI$B%9%/%j%W(B
$B%H$+$i;2>H$5$;$k$?$a$K$O!$%&%'%V%5!<%P$r5/F0$9$k%f!<%6(BID$B$N%[!<%`%G%#%l%/(B
$B%H%j$K(B\hgrc\ $B%U%!%$%k$r:n$j!$@_Dj$r%7%9%F%`$N(B\hgrc\ $B%U%!%$%k$K$bDI2C$9$k(B
$BI,MW$,$"$k!%(B

%\section{System-wide configuration}
\section{$B%7%9%F%`%o%$%I$N@_Dj(B}

%On Unix-like systems shared by multiple users (such as a server to which
%people publish changes), it often makes sense to set up some global
%default behaviors, such as what theme to use in web interfaces.

$BJ#?t$N%f!<%6$,;HMQ$9$k(BUnix$B7O$N%7%9%F%`!J%f!<%6$,JQ99$r8x3+$9$k%5!<%P$J(B
$B$I!K$G$O!$%&%'%V%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$G;HMQ$9$k%F!<%^$N$h$&$K!$%7%9%F%`A4BN$G$N(B
$B%G%U%)%k%H$N5sF0$rDj5A$9$k$H$h$$>l9g$,$"$k!%(B

%If a file named \filename{/etc/mercurial/hgrc} exists, Mercurial will
%read it at startup time and apply any configuration settings it finds in
%that file.  It will also look for files ending in a \texttt{.rc}
%extension in a directory named \filename{/etc/mercurial/hgrc.d}, and
%apply any configuration settings it finds in each of those files.

\filename{/etc/mercurial/hgrc}$B$H$$$&%U%!%$%k$,$"$k$H!$(BMercurial$B$O5/F0;~$K(B
$B$3$l$rFI$_!$A4$F$N@_Dj$rE,MQ$9$k!%$^$?!$(B\filename{/etc/mercurial/hgrc.d}
$B%G%#%l%/%H%jFb$N%U%!%$%kL>$,(B\texttt{.rc}$B$G=*$k%U%!%$%k$rC5$7!$=q$+$l$?@_(B
$BDj$rE,MQ$9$k!%(B

%\subsection{Making Mercurial more trusting}
\subsection{Mercurial$B$N?.Mj@-$r>e$2$k(B}

%One situation in which a global \filename{hgrc} can be useful is if
%users are pulling changes owned by other users.  By default, Mercurial
%will not trust most of the configuration items in a \filename{.hg/hgrc}
%file inside a repository that is owned by a different user. If we clone
%or pull changes from such a repository, Mercurial will print a warning
%stating that it does not trust their \filename{.hg/hgrc}.

$B%7%9%F%`A4BN$N(B\filename{hgrc}$B%U%!%$%k$,M-MQ$J>l9g$N0lNc$K!$B>$N%f!<%6$,=j(B
$BM-$9$k%j%]%8%H%j$+$i(Bpull$B$9$k>l9g$,$"$k!%%G%U%)%k%H$G$O(BMercurial$B$OJL$N%f!<(B
$B%6$N=jM-$9$k%j%]%8%H%jFb$K$"$k(B\filename{.hg/hgrc}$B%U%!%$%k$N$[$H$s$I$N9`L\(B
$B$r?.Mj$7$J$$!%$=$N$h$&$J%j%]%8%H%j$+$i%/%m!<%s$dJQ99$N(Bpull$B$r9T$&(B
$B$H!$(BMercurial$B$O(B\filename{.hg/hgrc}$B$r?.Mj$7$J$$$H$$$&7Y9p$rI=<($9$k!%(B

%If everyone in a particular Unix group is on the same team and
%\emph{should} trust each other's configuration settings, or we want to
%trust particular users, we can override Mercurial's skeptical defaults
%by creating a system-wide \filename{hgrc} file such as the following:

Unix$B$GFCDj$N%0%k!<%W$KF~$C$F$$$k%f!<%6A4$F$,F1$8%A!<%`$KB0$7!$8_$$$KB>$N(B
$B%f!<%6$N@_Dj$r?.Mj(B\emph{$B$9$Y$-(B}$B>l9g$d!$FCDj$N%f!<%6$?$A$N@_Dj$r?.Mj$9$Y$-(B
$B>l9g$O!$<!$N$h$&$J%7%9%F%`A4BN$N(B\filename{hgrc}$B%U%!%$%k$r:n@.(B
$B$7!$(BMercurial$B$N2{5?E*$J@_Dj$r%*!<%P%i%$%I$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B

%\begin{codesample2}
%# Save this as e.g. /etc/mercurial/hgrc.d/trust.rc
%[trusted]
%# Trust all entries in any hgrc file owned by the "editors" or
%# "www-data" groups.
%groups = editors, www-data
%
%# Trust entries in hgrc files owned by the following users.
%users = apache, bobo
%\end{codesample2}

\begin{codesample2}
# $B$3$NFbMF$r(B /etc/mercurial/hgrc.d/trust.rc $B$J$I$H$7$FJ]B8$9$k(B
[trusted]
# $B=jM-<T$,(B "editors" $B$^$?$O(B "www-data" $B$G$"$k(B hgrc $B%U%!%$%k$r?.Mj$9$k(B
groups = editors, www-data

# $B<!$N%f!<%6$N=jM-$9$k(B hgrc $B%U%!%$%k$N%(%s%H%j$r?.Mj$9$k(B
users = apache, bobo
\end{codesample2}

%%% Local Variables:
%%% mode: yatex
%%% TeX-master: "00book"
%%% End:
