changeset 726:8271c8891b0e

Add Chinese translation

--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/po/zh.po	Thu Mar 12 15:53:01 2009 +0800
@@ -0,0 +1,16518 @@
+#
+# Simplified Chinese translation for hgbook
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the hgbook.
+#
+# Authors:
+# Dongsheng Song <[e-mail]>, 2009
+#
+# Update to new pot:
+#    msgmerge --update zh.po svnbook.pot
+#
+# Check translation:
+#    msgfmt --statistics -c -o zh.mo zh.po
+#
+# Please format your translation before commit:
+#    msgcat --sort-by-file --width=80 -o zh_new.po zh.po
+#    mv -f zh_new.po zh.po
+#
+# Dictionary:
+# blame             追溯
+# branch            分支
+# changes           修改
+# changeset         修改集
+# checkout          检出
+# remove            移除(从版本库删除)
+# delete            删除(只从文件系统删除)
+# patchset          补丁集
+# pushing to        推到
+# pulling from      拉自
+# rename            改名
+# repository        版本库
+# revert            恢复
+# revision          版本
+# tag               标签
+# tip               顶点
+# undo              撤销
+# unversioned       未版本控制
+# versioned         受版本控制
+# working copy      工作副本
+# ...
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: hgbook 1.2\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-03-11 10:07+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-03-09 23:32+0800\n"
+"Last-Translator: \n"
+"Language-Team: Simplified Chinese <[e-mail] >\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"X-Poedit-Language: Chinese\n"
+"X-Poedit-Country: CHINA\n"
+"X-Poedit-SourceCharset: utf-8\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><title>
+#: ../en/00book.xml:41
+msgid "Mercurial: The Definitive Guide"
+msgstr "Mercurial 权威指南"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><subtitle>
+#: ../en/00book.xml:46
+msgid "Compiled from $rev_id$"
+msgstr "编译自 $rev_id$"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><firstname>
+#: ../en/00book.xml:50
+msgid "Bryan"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><surname>
+#: ../en/00book.xml:51
+msgid "O'Sullivan"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
+#: ../en/00book.xml:55
+msgid ""
+"<editor> <firstname>Mike</firstname> <surname>Loukides</surname> </editor> "
+"<copyright> <year>2006</year> <year>2007</year> <year>2008</year> <year>2009</"
+"year> <holder>Bryan O'Sullivan</holder> </copyright>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:4
+msgid "Command reference"
+msgstr "命令参考"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:6
+msgid ""
+"\\cmdref{add}{add files at the next commit} \\optref{add}{I}{include} \\optref"
+"{add}{X}{exclude} \\optref{add}{n}{dry-run}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:11
+msgid "\\cmdref{diff}{print changes in history or working directory}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:13
+msgid ""
+"Show differences between revisions for the specified files or directories, "
+"using the unified diff format.  For a description of the unified diff format, "
+"see section <xref linkend=\"sec.mq.patch\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:17
+msgid ""
+"By default, this command does not print diffs for files that Mercurial "
+"considers to contain binary data.  To control this behaviour, see the <option "
+"role=\"hg-opt-diff\">-a</option> and <option role=\"hg-opt-diff\">--git</"
+"option> options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:22
+msgid "Options"
+msgstr "选项"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:24
+msgid "\\loptref{diff}{nodates}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:26
+msgid "Omit date and time information when printing diff headers."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:28
+msgid "\\optref{diff}{B}{ignore-blank-lines}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:30
+msgid ""
+"Do not print changes that only insert or delete blank lines.  A line that "
+"contains only whitespace is not considered blank."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:34
+msgid "\\optref{diff}{I}{include}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:37
+msgid "Include files and directories whose names match the given patterns."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:40
+msgid "\\optref{diff}{X}{exclude}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:43
+msgid "Exclude files and directories whose names match the given patterns."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:46
+msgid "\\optref{diff}{a}{text}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:49
+msgid ""
+"If this option is not specified, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> "
+"will refuse to print diffs for files that it detects as binary. Specifying "
+"<option role=\"hg-opt-diff\">-a</option> forces <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"diff</command> to treat all files as text, and generate diffs for all of them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:55
+msgid ""
+"This option is useful for files that are <quote>mostly text</quote> but have "
+"a few embedded NUL characters.  If you use it on files that contain a lot of "
+"binary data, its output will be incomprehensible."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:60
+msgid "\\optref{diff}{b}{ignore-space-change}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:63
+msgid ""
+"Do not print a line if the only change to that line is in the amount of white "
+"space it contains."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:67
+msgid "\\optref{diff}{g}{git}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:70
+msgid ""
+"Print <command>git</command>-compatible diffs.  XXX reference a format "
+"description."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:74
+msgid "\\optref{diff}{p}{show-function}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:77
+msgid ""
+"Display the name of the enclosing function in a hunk header, using a simple "
+"heuristic.  This functionality is enabled by default, so the <option role="
+"\"hg-opt-diff\">-p</option> option has no effect unless you change the value "
+"of the <envar role=\"rc-item-diff\">showfunc</envar> config item, as in the "
+"following example."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:84
+msgid "\\optref{diff}{r}{rev}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:87
+msgid ""
+"Specify one or more revisions to compare.  The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"diff</command> command accepts up to two <option role=\"hg-opt-diff\">-r</"
+"option> options to specify the revisions to compare."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:93
+msgid ""
+"Display the differences between the parent revision of the working directory "
+"and the working directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:97
+msgid ""
+"Display the differences between the specified changeset and the working "
+"directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:101
+msgid "Display the differences between the two specified changesets."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:105
+msgid ""
+"You can specify two revisions using either two <option role=\"hg-opt-diff\">-"
+"r</option> options or revision range notation.  For example, the two revision "
+"specifications below are equivalent."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:112
+msgid ""
+"When you provide two revisions, Mercurial treats the order of those revisions "
+"as significant.  Thus, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff -r10:20</command> "
+"will produce a diff that will transform files from their contents as of "
+"revision 10 to their contents as of revision 20, while <command role=\"hg-cmd"
+"\">hg diff -r20:10</command> means the opposite: the diff that will transform "
+"files from their revision 20 contents to their revision 10 contents.  You "
+"cannot reverse the ordering in this way if you are diffing against the "
+"working directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:122
+msgid "\\optref{diff}{w}{ignore-all-space}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:125
+msgid "\\cmdref{version}{print version and copyright information}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:128
+msgid ""
+"This command displays the version of Mercurial you are running, and its "
+"copyright license.  There are four kinds of version string that you may see."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:133
+msgid ""
+"The string <quote><literal>unknown</literal></quote>. This version of "
+"Mercurial was not built in a Mercurial repository, and cannot determine its "
+"own version."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:138
+msgid ""
+"A short numeric string, such as <quote><literal>1.1</literal></quote>. This "
+"is a build of a revision of Mercurial that was identified by a specific tag "
+"in the repository where it was built.  (This doesn't necessarily mean that "
+"you're running an official release; someone else could have added that tag to "
+"any revision in the repository where they built Mercurial.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:146
+msgid ""
+"A hexadecimal string, such as <quote><literal>875489e31abe</literal></"
+"quote>.  This is a build of the given revision of Mercurial."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:150
+msgid ""
+"A hexadecimal string followed by a date, such as <quote><literal>875489e31abe"
+"[phone]</literal></quote>.  This is a build of the given revision of "
+"Mercurial, where the build repository contained some local changes that had "
+"not been committed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:159
+msgid "Tips and tricks"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><sect3><title>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:162
+msgid ""
+"Why do the results of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> and <command "
+"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> differ?"
+msgstr ""
+"为什么 <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> 与 <command role=\"hg-cmd"
+"\">hg status</command> 的结果不同 ?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:164
+msgid ""
+"When you run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> command, you'll "
+"see a list of files that Mercurial will record changes for the next time you "
+"perform a commit.  If you run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> "
+"command, you may notice that it prints diffs for only a <emphasis>subset</"
+"emphasis> of the files that <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> "
+"listed.  There are two possible reasons for this."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:171
+msgid ""
+"The first is that <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> prints some "
+"kinds of modifications that <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> "
+"doesn't normally display.  The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> "
+"command normally outputs unified diffs, which don't have the ability to "
+"represent some changes that Mercurial can track.  Most notably, traditional "
+"diffs can't represent a change in whether or not a file is executable, but "
+"Mercurial records this information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:179
+msgid ""
+"If you use the <option role=\"hg-opt-diff\">--git</option> option to <command "
+"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command>, it will display <command>git</command>-"
+"compatible diffs that <emphasis>can</emphasis> display this extra information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:184
+msgid ""
+"The second possible reason that <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> "
+"might be printing diffs for a subset of the files displayed by <command role="
+"\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> is that if you invoke it without any "
+"arguments, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> prints diffs against "
+"the first parent of the working directory.  If you have run <command role="
+"\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</command> to merge two changesets, but you haven't yet "
+"committed the results of the merge, your working directory has two parents "
+"(use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg parents</command> to see them).  While "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> prints modifications relative to "
+"<emphasis>both</emphasis> parents after an uncommitted merge, <command role="
+"\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> still operates relative only to the first "
+"parent.  You can get it to print diffs relative to the second parent by "
+"specifying that parent with the <option role=\"hg-opt-diff\">-r</option> "
+"option.  There is no way to print diffs relative to both parents."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><sect3><title>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:200
+msgid "Generating safe binary diffs"
+msgstr "生成安全的二进制差异"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:202
+msgid ""
+"If you use the <option role=\"hg-opt-diff\">-a</option> option to force "
+"Mercurial to print diffs of files that are either <quote>mostly text</quote> "
+"or contain lots of binary data, those diffs cannot subsequently be applied by "
+"either Mercurial's <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg import</command> command or "
+"the system's <command>patch</command> command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/appA-cmdref.xml:209
+msgid ""
+"If you want to generate a diff of a binary file that is safe to use as input "
+"for <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg import</command>, use the <command role=\"hg-"
+"cmd\">hg diff</command>{--git} option when you generate the patch.  The "
+"system <command>patch</command> command cannot handle binary patches at all."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:5
+msgid "Mercurial Queues reference"
+msgstr "Mercurial 队列参考"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:8
+msgid "MQ command reference"
+msgstr "MQ 命令参考"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:10
+msgid ""
+"For an overview of the commands provided by MQ, use the command <command role="
+"\"hg-cmd\">hg help mq</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:14
+msgid ""
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qapplied</command>&emdash;print applied patches"
+msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qapplied</command>&emdash;显示已应用的补丁"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:17
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qapplied</command> command prints the current "
+"stack of applied patches.  Patches are printed in oldest-to-newest order, so "
+"the last patch in the list is the <quote>top</quote> patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:24
+msgid ""
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qcommit</command>&emdash;commit changes in the "
+"queue repository"
+msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qcommit</command>&emdash;提交队列中的修改"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:27
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qcommit</command> command commits any "
+"outstanding changes in the <filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/"
+"patches</filename> repository.  This command only works if the <filename role="
+"\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/patches</filename> directory is a "
+"repository, i.e. you created the directory using <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"qinit <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qinit-opt\">-c</option></command> or ran "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg init</command> in the directory after running "
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qinit</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:39
+msgid ""
+"This command is shorthand for <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit --cwd .hg/"
+"patches</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:42
+msgid ""
+"\\subsection{<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qdelete</command>&emdash;delete a "
+"patch from the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:47
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qdelete</command> command removes the entry "
+"for a patch from the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file in the "
+"<filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/patches</filename> "
+"directory.  It does not pop the patch if the patch is already applied.  By "
+"default, it does not delete the patch file; use the <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-"
+"cmd-qdel-opt\">-f</option> option to do that."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:56 ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:98 ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:156
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:196 ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:263
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:334 ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:403
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:496
+msgid "Options:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:58
+msgid ""
+"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qdel-opt\">-f</option>: Delete the patch file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:65
+msgid ""
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qdiff</command>&emdash;print a diff of the "
+"topmost applied patch"
+msgstr ""
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qdiff</command>&emdash;显示最新应用补丁的差异"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:68
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qdiff</command> command prints a diff of the "
+"topmost applied patch. It is equivalent to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff -"
+"r-2:-1</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:74
+msgid ""
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qfold</command>&emdash;merge (<quote>fold</"
+"quote>) several patches into one"
+msgstr ""
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qfold</command>&emdash;将多个补丁合并(<quote>折叠"
+"</quote>)成一个"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:77
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qfold</command> command merges multiple "
+"patches into the topmost applied patch, so that the topmost applied patch "
+"makes the union of all of the changes in the patches in question."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:82
+msgid ""
+"The patches to fold must not be applied; <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qfold</"
+"command> will exit with an error if any is.  The order in which patches are "
+"folded is significant; <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qfold a b</command> means "
+"<quote>apply the current topmost patch, followed by <literal>a</literal>, "
+"followed by <literal>b</literal></quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:90
+msgid ""
+"The comments from the folded patches are appended to the comments of the "
+"destination patch, with each block of comments separated by three asterisk "
+"(<quote><literal>*</literal></quote>) characters.  Use the <option role=\"hg-"
+"ext-mq-cmd-qfold-opt\">-e</option> option to edit the commit message for the "
+"combined patch/changeset after the folding has completed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:100
+msgid ""
+"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qfold-opt\">-e</option>: Edit the commit message "
+"and patch description for the newly folded patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:105
+msgid ""
+"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qfold-opt\">-l</option>: Use the contents of the "
+"given file as the new commit message and patch description for the folded "
+"patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:110
+msgid ""
+"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qfold-opt\">-m</option>: Use the given text as "
+"the new commit message and patch description for the folded patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:118
+msgid ""
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qheader</command>&emdash;display the header/"
+"description of a patch"
+msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qheader</command>&emdash;显示补丁头部描述"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:122
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qheader</command> command prints the header, "
+"or description, of a patch.  By default, it prints the header of the topmost "
+"applied patch. Given an argument, it prints the header of the named patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:129
+msgid ""
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qimport</command>&emdash;import a third-party "
+"patch into the queue"
+msgstr ""
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qimport</command>&emdash;将第三方补丁导入队列"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:132
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qimport</command> command adds an entry for "
+"an external patch to the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file, "
+"and copies the patch into the <filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">."
+"hg/patches</filename> directory.  It adds the entry immediately after the "
+"topmost applied patch, but does not push the patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:140
+msgid ""
+"If the <filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/patches</filename> "
+"directory is a repository, <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qimport</command> "
+"automatically does an <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command> of the "
+"imported patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:148
+msgid ""
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qinit</command>&emdash;prepare a repository to "
+"work with MQ"
+msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qinit</command>&emdash;为使用 MQ 配置版本库"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:151
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qinit</command> command prepares a repository "
+"to work with MQ.  It creates a directory called <filename role=\"special\" "
+"class=\"directory\">.hg/patches</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:158
+msgid ""
+"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qinit-opt\">-c</option>: Create <filename role="
+"\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/patches</filename> as a repository in its "
+"own right.  Also creates a <filename role=\"special\">.hgignore</filename> "
+"file that will ignore the <filename role=\"special\">status</filename> file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:168
+msgid ""
+"When the <filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/patches</"
+"filename> directory is a repository, the <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qimport</"
+"command> and <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnew</command> commands "
+"automatically <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command> new patches."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:177
+msgid "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnew</command>&emdash;create a new patch"
+msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnew</command>&emdash;创建新补丁"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:180
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnew</command> command creates a new patch.  "
+"It takes one mandatory argument, the name to use for the patch file.  The "
+"newly created patch is created empty by default.  It is added to the "
+"<filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file after the current topmost "
+"applied patch, and is immediately pushed on top of that patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:188
+msgid ""
+"If <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnew</command> finds modified files in the "
+"working directory, it will refuse to create a new patch unless the <option "
+"role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qnew-opt\">-f</option> option is used (see below).  This "
+"behaviour allows you to <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command> your "
+"topmost applied patch before you apply a new patch on top of it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:198
+msgid ""
+"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qnew-opt\">-f</option>: Create a new patch if "
+"the contents of the working directory are modified.  Any outstanding "
+"modifications are added to the newly created patch, so after this command "
+"completes, the working directory will no longer be modified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:205
+msgid ""
+"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qnew-opt\">-m</option>: Use the given text as "
+"the commit message. This text will be stored at the beginning of the patch "
+"file, before the patch data."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:214
+msgid ""
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnext</command>&emdash;print the name of the next "
+"patch"
+msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnext</command>&emdash;显示下个补丁的名称"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:217
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnext</command> command prints the name name "
+"of the next patch in the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file "
+"after the topmost applied patch.  This patch will become the topmost applied "
+"patch if you run <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:226
+msgid ""
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command>&emdash;pop patches off the stack"
+msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command>&emdash;删除堆栈顶部的补丁"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:229
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command> command removes applied "
+"patches from the top of the stack of applied patches.  By default, it removes "
+"only one patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:233
+msgid ""
+"This command removes the changesets that represent the popped patches from "
+"the repository, and updates the working directory to undo the effects of the "
+"patches."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:237
+msgid ""
+"This command takes an optional argument, which it uses as the name or index "
+"of the patch to pop to.  If given a name, it will pop patches until the named "
+"patch is the topmost applied patch.  If given a number, <command role=\"hg-"
+"ext-mq\">qpop</command> treats the number as an index into the entries in the "
+"series file, counting from zero (empty lines and lines containing only "
+"comments do not count).  It pops patches until the patch identified by the "
+"given index is the topmost applied patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:247
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command> command does not read or write "
+"patches or the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file.  It is thus "
+"safe to <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command> a patch that you have "
+"removed from the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file, or a "
+"patch that you have renamed or deleted entirely.  In the latter two cases, "
+"use the name of the patch as it was when you applied it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:256
+msgid ""
+"By default, the <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command> command will not "
+"pop any patches if the working directory has been modified.  You can override "
+"this behaviour using the <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpop-opt\">-f</option> "
+"option, which reverts all modifications in the working directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:265
+msgid ""
+"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpop-opt\">-a</option>: Pop all applied "
+"patches.  This returns the repository to its state before you applied any "
+"patches."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:270
+msgid ""
+"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpop-opt\">-f</option>: Forcibly revert any "
+"modifications to the working directory when popping."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:275
+msgid ""
+"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpop-opt\">-n</option>: Pop a patch from the "
+"named queue."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:280
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command> command removes one line from "
+"the end of the <filename role=\"special\">status</filename> file for each "
+"patch that it pops."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:287
+msgid ""
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qprev</command>&emdash;print the name of the "
+"previous patch"
+msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qprev</command>&emdash;显示上个补丁的名称"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:290
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qprev</command> command prints the name of "
+"the patch in the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file that comes "
+"before the topmost applied patch. This will become the topmost applied patch "
+"if you run <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:299
+msgid ""
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command>&emdash;push patches onto the stack"
+msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command>&emdash;增加补丁到堆栈"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:302
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> command adds patches onto the "
+"applied stack.  By default, it adds only one patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:306
+msgid ""
+"This command creates a new changeset to represent each applied patch, and "
+"updates the working directory to apply the effects of the patches."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:310
+msgid "The default data used when creating a changeset are as follows:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:313
+msgid ""
+"The commit date and time zone are the current date and time zone.  Because "
+"these data are used to compute the identity of a changeset, this means that "
+"if you <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command> a patch and <command role="
+"\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> it again, the changeset that you push will have "
+"a different identity than the changeset you popped."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:321
+msgid ""
+"The author is the same as the default used by the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"commit</command> command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:325
+msgid ""
+"The commit message is any text from the patch file that comes before the "
+"first diff header.  If there is no such text, a default commit message is "
+"used that identifies the name of the patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:330
+msgid ""
+"If a patch contains a Mercurial patch header (XXX add link), the information "
+"in the patch header overrides these defaults."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:336
+msgid ""
+"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpush-opt\">-a</option>: Push all unapplied "
+"patches from the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file until "
+"there are none left to push."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:342
+msgid ""
+"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpush-opt\">-l</option>: Add the name of the "
+"patch to the end of the commit message."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:346
+msgid ""
+"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpush-opt\">-m</option>: If a patch fails to "
+"apply cleanly, use the entry for the patch in another saved queue to compute "
+"the parameters for a three-way merge, and perform a three-way merge using the "
+"normal Mercurial merge machinery.  Use the resolution of the merge as the new "
+"patch content."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:354
+msgid ""
+"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpush-opt\">-n</option>: Use the named queue if "
+"merging while pushing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:359
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> command reads, but does not "
+"modify, the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file.  It appends "
+"one line to the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> file for each "
+"patch that it pushes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:367
+msgid ""
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command>&emdash;update the topmost "
+"applied patch"
+msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command>&emdash;更新最新的补丁"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:371
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command> command updates the "
+"topmost applied patch.  It modifies the patch, removes the old changeset that "
+"represented the patch, and creates a new changeset to represent the modified "
+"patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:377
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command> command looks for the "
+"following modifications:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:380
+msgid ""
+"Changes to the commit message, i.e. the text before the first diff header in "
+"the patch file, are reflected in the new changeset that represents the patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:385
+msgid ""
+"Modifications to tracked files in the working directory are added to the "
+"patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:388
+msgid ""
+"Changes to the files tracked using <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command>, "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command>, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"remove</command>, or <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rename</command>.  Added "
+"files and copy and rename destinations are added to the patch, while removed "
+"files and rename sources are removed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:397
+msgid ""
+"Even if <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command> detects no changes, it "
+"still recreates the changeset that represents the patch.  This causes the "
+"identity of the changeset to differ from the previous changeset that "
+"identified the patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:405
+msgid ""
+"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qrefresh-opt\">-e</option>: Modify the commit "
+"and patch description, using the preferred text editor."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:410
+msgid ""
+"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qrefresh-opt\">-m</option>: Modify the commit "
+"message and patch description, using the given text."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:415
+msgid ""
+"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qrefresh-opt\">-l</option>: Modify the commit "
+"message and patch description, using text from the given file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:423
+msgid "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrename</command>&emdash;rename a patch"
+msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrename</command>&emdash;改名补丁"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:426
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrename</command> command renames a patch, "
+"and changes the entry for the patch in the <filename role=\"special\">series</"
+"filename> file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:430
+msgid ""
+"With a single argument, <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrename</command> renames "
+"the topmost applied patch.  With two arguments, it renames its first argument "
+"to its second."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:437
+msgid ""
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrestore</command>&emdash;restore saved queue "
+"state"
+msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrestore</command>&emdash;恢复保存的队列"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:441
+msgid "XXX No idea what this does."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:445
+msgid ""
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qsave</command>&emdash;save current queue state"
+msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qsave</command>&emdash;保存当前的队列状态"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:448
+msgid "XXX Likewise."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:452
+msgid ""
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qseries</command>&emdash;print the entire patch "
+"series"
+msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qseries</command>&emdash;显示补丁序列"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:455
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qseries</command> command prints the entire "
+"patch series from the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file.  It "
+"prints only patch names, not empty lines or comments.  It prints in order "
+"from first to be applied to last."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:463
+msgid ""
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qtop</command>&emdash;print the name of the "
+"current patch"
+msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qtop</command>&emdash;显示当前补丁的名称"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:466
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qtop</command> prints the name of the topmost "
+"currently applied patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:471
+msgid ""
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qunapplied</command>&emdash;print patches not yet "
+"applied"
+msgstr ""
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qunapplied</command>&emdash;显示尚未应用的补丁"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:475
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qunapplied</command> command prints the names "
+"of patches from the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file that "
+"are not yet applied.  It prints them in order from the next patch that will "
+"be pushed to the last."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:483
+msgid ""
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg strip</command>&emdash;remove a revision and "
+"descendants"
+msgstr "<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg strip</command>&emdash;删除一个版本及其后继"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:486
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg strip</command> command removes a revision, "
+"and all of its descendants, from the repository.  It undoes the effects of "
+"the removed revisions from the repository, and updates the working directory "
+"to the first parent of the removed revision."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:492
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg strip</command> command saves a backup of the "
+"removed changesets in a bundle, so that they can be reapplied if removed in "
+"error."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:498
+msgid ""
+"<option role=\"hg-opt-strip\">-b</option>: Save unrelated changesets that are "
+"intermixed with the stripped changesets in the backup bundle."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:502
+msgid ""
+"<option role=\"hg-opt-strip\">-f</option>: If a branch has multiple heads, "
+"remove all heads. XXX This should be renamed, and use <literal>-f</literal> "
+"to strip revs when there are pending changes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:507
+msgid "<option role=\"hg-opt-strip\">-n</option>: Do not save a backup bundle."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:514
+msgid "MQ file reference"
+msgstr "MQ 文件参考"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:517
+msgid "The <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file"
+msgstr "<filename role=\"special\">序列</filename>文件"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:520
+msgid ""
+"The <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file contains a list of the "
+"names of all patches that MQ can apply.  It is represented as a list of "
+"names, with one name saved per line.  Leading and trailing white space in "
+"each line are ignored."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:526
+msgid ""
+"Lines may contain comments.  A comment begins with the <quote><literal>#</"
+"literal></quote> character, and extends to the end of the line.  Empty lines, "
+"and lines that contain only comments, are ignored."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:531
+msgid ""
+"You will often need to edit the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> "
+"file by hand, hence the support for comments and empty lines noted above.  "
+"For example, you can comment out a patch temporarily, and <command role=\"hg-"
+"ext-mq\">qpush</command> will skip over that patch when applying patches.  "
+"You can also change the order in which patches are applied by reordering "
+"their entries in the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:540
+msgid ""
+"Placing the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file under revision "
+"control is also supported; it is a good idea to place all of the patches that "
+"it refers to under revision control, as well.  If you create a patch "
+"directory using the <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qinit-opt\">-c</option> "
+"option to <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qinit</command>, this will be done for "
+"you automatically."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:550
+msgid "The <filename role=\"special\">status</filename> file"
+msgstr "<filename role=\"special\">状态</filename>文件"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:553
+msgid ""
+"The <filename role=\"special\">status</filename> file contains the names and "
+"changeset hashes of all patches that MQ currently has applied.  Unlike the "
+"<filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file, this file is not intended "
+"for editing.  You should not place this file under revision control, or "
+"modify it in any way.  It is used by MQ strictly for internal book-keeping."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title>
+#: ../en/appC-srcinstall.xml:5
+msgid "Installing Mercurial from source"
+msgstr "从源代码安装 Mercurial"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/appC-srcinstall.xml:8
+msgid "On a Unix-like system"
+msgstr "类 Unix 系统"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/appC-srcinstall.xml:10
+msgid ""
+"If you are using a Unix-like system that has a sufficiently recent version of "
+"Python (2.3 or newer) available, it is easy to install Mercurial from source."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appC-srcinstall.xml:14
+msgid ""
+"Download a recent source tarball from <ulink url=\"http://www.selenic.com/"
+"mercurial/download\">http://www.selenic.com/mercurial/download</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appC-srcinstall.xml:17
+msgid "Unpack the tarball:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appC-srcinstall.xml:20
+msgid ""
+"Go into the source directory and run the installer script.  This will build "
+"Mercurial and install it in your home directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/appC-srcinstall.xml:27
+msgid ""
+"Once the install finishes, Mercurial will be in the <literal>bin</literal> "
+"subdirectory of your home directory.  Don't forget to make sure that this "
+"directory is present in your shell's search path."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/appC-srcinstall.xml:32
+msgid ""
+"You will probably need to set the <envar>PYTHONPATH</envar> environment "
+"variable so that the Mercurial executable can find the rest of the Mercurial "
+"packages.  For example, on my laptop, I have set it to <literal>/home/bos/lib/"
+"python</literal>.  The exact path that you will need to use depends on how "
+"Python was built for your system, but should be easy to figure out.  If "
+"you're uncertain, look through the output of the installer script above, and "
+"see where the contents of the <literal>mercurial</literal> directory were "
+"installed to."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/appC-srcinstall.xml:44
+msgid "On Windows"
+msgstr "Windows 系统"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/appC-srcinstall.xml:46
+msgid ""
+"Building and installing Mercurial on Windows requires a variety of tools, a "
+"fair amount of technical knowledge, and considerable patience.  I very much "
+"<emphasis>do not recommend</emphasis> this route if you are a <quote>casual "
+"user</quote>.  Unless you intend to hack on Mercurial, I strongly suggest "
+"that you use a binary package instead."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/appC-srcinstall.xml:53
+msgid ""
+"If you are intent on building Mercurial from source on Windows, follow the "
+"<quote>hard way</quote> directions on the Mercurial wiki at <ulink url="
+"\"http://www.selenic.com/mercurial/wiki/index.cgi/WindowsInstall\">http://www."
+"selenic.com/mercurial/wiki/index.cgi/WindowsInstall</ulink>, and expect the "
+"process to involve a lot of fiddly work."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:5
+msgid "Open Publication License"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:7
+msgid "Version 1.0, 8 June 1999"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:10
+msgid "Requirements on both unmodified and modified versions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:13
+msgid ""
+"The Open Publication works may be reproduced and distributed in whole or in "
+"part, in any medium physical or electronic, provided that the terms of this "
+"license are adhered to, and that this license or an incorporation of it by "
+"reference (with any options elected by the author(s) and/or publisher) is "
+"displayed in the reproduction."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:20
+msgid "Proper form for an incorporation by reference is as follows:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:24
+msgid ""
+"Copyright (c) <emphasis>year</emphasis> by <emphasis>author's name or "
+"designee</emphasis>. This material may be distributed only subject to the "
+"terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v<emphasis>x."
+"y</emphasis> or later (the latest version is presently available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/\">http://www.opencontent.org/"
+"openpub/</ulink>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:33
+msgid ""
+"The reference must be immediately followed with any options elected by the "
+"author(s) and/or publisher of the document (see section <xref linkend=\"sec."
+"opl.options\"/>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:37
+msgid ""
+"Commercial redistribution of Open Publication-licensed material is permitted."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:40
+msgid ""
+"Any publication in standard (paper) book form shall require the citation of "
+"the original publisher and author. The publisher and author's names shall "
+"appear on all outer surfaces of the book. On all outer surfaces of the book "
+"the original publisher's name shall be as large as the title of the work and "
+"cited as possessive with respect to the title."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:49
+msgid "Copyright"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:51
+msgid ""
+"The copyright to each Open Publication is owned by its author(s) or designee."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:56
+msgid "Scope of license"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:58
+msgid ""
+"The following license terms apply to all Open Publication works, unless "
+"otherwise explicitly stated in the document."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:62
+msgid ""
+"Mere aggregation of Open Publication works or a portion of an Open "
+"Publication work with other works or programs on the same media shall not "
+"cause this license to apply to those other works. The aggregate work shall "
+"contain a notice specifying the inclusion of the Open Publication material "
+"and appropriate copyright notice."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:69
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">Severability</emphasis>. If any part of this license "
+"is found to be unenforceable in any jurisdiction, the remaining portions of "
+"the license remain in force."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:74
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">No warranty</emphasis>. Open Publication works are "
+"licensed and provided <quote>as is</quote> without warranty of any kind, "
+"express or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of "
+"merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose or a warranty of non-"
+"infringement."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:83
+msgid "Requirements on modified works"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:85
+msgid ""
+"All modified versions of documents covered by this license, including "
+"translations, anthologies, compilations and partial documents, must meet the "
+"following requirements:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:90
+msgid "The modified version must be labeled as such."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:93
+msgid ""
+"The person making the modifications must be identified and the modifications "
+"dated."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:96
+msgid ""
+"Acknowledgement of the original author and publisher if applicable must be "
+"retained according to normal academic citation practices."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:100
+msgid "The location of the original unmodified document must be identified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:103
+msgid ""
+"The original author's (or authors') name(s) may not be used to assert or "
+"imply endorsement of the resulting document without the original author's (or "
+"authors')  permission."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:111
+msgid "Good-practice recommendations"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:113
+msgid ""
+"In addition to the requirements of this license, it is requested from and "
+"strongly recommended of redistributors that:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:118
+msgid ""
+"If you are distributing Open Publication works on hardcopy or CD-ROM, you "
+"provide email notification to the authors of your intent to redistribute at "
+"least thirty days before your manuscript or media freeze, to give the authors "
+"time to provide updated documents. This notification should describe "
+"modifications, if any, made to the document."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:125
+msgid ""
+"All substantive modifications (including deletions) be either clearly marked "
+"up in the document or else described in an attachment to the document."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:129
+msgid ""
+"Finally, while it is not mandatory under this license, it is considered good "
+"form to offer a free copy of any hardcopy and CD-ROM expression of an Open "
+"Publication-licensed work to its author(s)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:137
+msgid "License options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:139
+msgid ""
+"The author(s) and/or publisher of an Open Publication-licensed document may "
+"elect certain options by appending language to the reference to or copy of "
+"the license.  These options are considered part of the license instance and "
+"must be included with the license (or its incorporation by reference) in "
+"derived works."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:147
+msgid ""
+"To prohibit distribution of substantively modified versions without the "
+"explicit permission of the author(s). <quote>Substantive modification</quote> "
+"is defined as a change to the semantic content of the document, and excludes "
+"mere changes in format or typographical corrections."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:154
+msgid ""
+"To accomplish this, add the phrase <quote>Distribution of substantively "
+"modified versions of this document is prohibited without the explicit "
+"permission of the copyright holder.</quote> to the license reference or copy."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:160
+msgid ""
+"To prohibit any publication of this work or derivative works in whole or in "
+"part in standard (paper)  book form for commercial purposes is prohibited "
+"unless prior permission is obtained from the copyright holder."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/appD-license.xml:165
+msgid ""
+"To accomplish this, add the phrase <quote>Distribution of the work or "
+"derivative of the work in any standard (paper) book form is prohibited unless "
+"prior permission is obtained from the copyright holder.</quote> to the "
+"license reference or copy."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:5
+msgid "Introduction"
+msgstr "简介"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:8
+msgid "About revision control"
+msgstr "关于版本控制"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:10
+msgid ""
+"Revision control is the process of managing multiple versions of a piece of "
+"information.  In its simplest form, this is something that many people do by "
+"hand: every time you modify a file, save it under a new name that contains a "
+"number, each one higher than the number of the preceding version."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:16
+msgid ""
+"Manually managing multiple versions of even a single file is an error-prone "
+"task, though, so software tools to help automate this process have long been "
+"available.  The earliest automated revision control tools were intended to "
+"help a single user to manage revisions of a single file.  Over the past few "
+"decades, the scope of revision control tools has expanded greatly; they now "
+"manage multiple files, and help multiple people to work together.  The best "
+"modern revision control tools have no problem coping with thousands of people "
+"working together on projects that consist of hundreds of thousands of files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:28
+msgid "Why use revision control?"
+msgstr "为什么使用版本控制?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:30
+msgid ""
+"There are a number of reasons why you or your team might want to use an "
+"automated revision control tool for a project."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:34
+msgid ""
+"It will track the history and evolution of your project, so you don't have "
+"to.  For every change, you'll have a log of <emphasis>who</emphasis> made it; "
+"<emphasis>why</emphasis> they made it; <emphasis>when</emphasis> they made "
+"it; and <emphasis>what</emphasis> the change was."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:41
+msgid ""
+"When you're working with other people, revision control software makes it "
+"easier for you to collaborate.  For example, when people more or less "
+"simultaneously make potentially incompatible changes, the software will help "
+"you to identify and resolve those conflicts."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:47
+msgid ""
+"It can help you to recover from mistakes.  If you make a change that later "
+"turns out to be in error, you can revert to an earlier version of one or more "
+"files.  In fact, a <emphasis>really</emphasis> good revision control tool "
+"will even help you to efficiently figure out exactly when a problem was "
+"introduced (see section <xref linkend=\"sec.undo.bisect\"/> for details)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:54
+msgid ""
+"It will help you to work simultaneously on, and manage the drift between, "
+"multiple versions of your project."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:57
+msgid ""
+"Most of these reasons are equally valid---at least in theory---whether you're "
+"working on a project by yourself, or with a hundred other people."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:61
+msgid ""
+"A key question about the practicality of revision control at these two "
+"different scales (<quote>lone hacker</quote> and <quote>huge team</quote>) is "
+"how its <emphasis>benefits</emphasis> compare to its <emphasis>costs</"
+"emphasis>.  A revision control tool that's difficult to understand or use is "
+"going to impose a high cost."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:69
+msgid ""
+"A five-hundred-person project is likely to collapse under its own weight "
+"almost immediately without a revision control tool and process. In this case, "
+"the cost of using revision control might hardly seem worth considering, since "
+"<emphasis>without</emphasis> it, failure is almost guaranteed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:76
+msgid ""
+"On the other hand, a one-person <quote>quick hack</quote> might seem like a "
+"poor place to use a revision control tool, because surely the cost of using "
+"one must be close to the overall cost of the project.  Right?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:81
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial uniquely supports <emphasis>both</emphasis> of these scales of "
+"development.  You can learn the basics in just a few minutes, and due to its "
+"low overhead, you can apply revision control to the smallest of projects with "
+"ease.  Its simplicity means you won't have a lot of abstruse concepts or "
+"command sequences competing for mental space with whatever you're "
+"<emphasis>really</emphasis> trying to do.  At the same time, Mercurial's high "
+"performance and peer-to-peer nature let you scale painlessly to handle large "
+"projects."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:91
+msgid ""
+"No revision control tool can rescue a poorly run project, but a good choice "
+"of tools can make a huge difference to the fluidity with which you can work "
+"on a project."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:97
+msgid "The many names of revision control"
+msgstr "版本控制的别名"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:99
+msgid ""
+"Revision control is a diverse field, so much so that it doesn't actually have "
+"a single name or acronym.  Here are a few of the more common names and "
+"acronyms you'll encounter:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:104
+msgid "Revision control (RCS)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:105
+msgid "Software configuration management (SCM), or configuration management"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:107
+msgid "Source code management"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:108
+msgid "Source code control, or source control"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:110
+msgid "Version control (VCS)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:112
+msgid ""
+"Some people claim that these terms actually have different meanings, but in "
+"practice they overlap so much that there's no agreed or even useful way to "
+"tease them apart."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:119
+msgid "A short history of revision control"
+msgstr "版本控制简史"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:121
+msgid ""
+"The best known of the old-time revision control tools is SCCS (Source Code "
+"Control System), which Marc Rochkind wrote at Bell Labs, in the early 1970s.  "
+"SCCS operated on individual files, and required every person working on a "
+"project to have access to a shared workspace on a single system.  Only one "
+"person could modify a file at any time; arbitration for access to files was "
+"via locks.  It was common for people to lock files, and later forget to "
+"unlock them, preventing anyone else from modifying those files without the "
+"help of an administrator."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:132
+msgid ""
+"Walter Tichy developed a free alternative to SCCS in the early 1980s; he "
+"called his program RCS (Revision Control System).  Like SCCS, RCS required "
+"developers to work in a single shared workspace, and to lock files to prevent "
+"multiple people from modifying them simultaneously."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:138
+msgid ""
+"Later in the 1980s, Dick Grune used RCS as a building block for a set of "
+"shell scripts he initially called cmt, but then renamed to CVS (Concurrent "
+"Versions System).  The big innovation of CVS was that it let developers work "
+"simultaneously and somewhat independently in their own personal workspaces.  "
+"The personal workspaces prevented developers from stepping on each other's "
+"toes all the time, as was common with SCCS and RCS. Each developer had a copy "
+"of every project file, and could modify their copies independently.  They had "
+"to merge their edits prior to committing changes to the central repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:149
+msgid ""
+"Brian Berliner took Grune's original scripts and rewrote them in C, releasing "
+"in 1989 the code that has since developed into the modern version of CVS.  "
+"CVS subsequently acquired the ability to operate over a network connection, "
+"giving it a client/server architecture.  CVS's architecture is centralised; "
+"only the server has a copy of the history of the project. Client workspaces "
+"just contain copies of recent versions of the project's files, and a little "
+"metadata to tell them where the server is.  CVS has been enormously "
+"successful; it is probably the world's most widely used revision control "
+"system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:160
+msgid ""
+"In the early 1990s, Sun Microsystems developed an early distributed revision "
+"control system, called TeamWare.  A TeamWare workspace contains a complete "
+"copy of the project's history.  TeamWare has no notion of a central "
+"repository.  (CVS relied upon RCS for its history storage; TeamWare used "
+"SCCS.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:167
+msgid ""
+"As the 1990s progressed, awareness grew of a number of problems with CVS.  It "
+"records simultaneous changes to multiple files individually, instead of "
+"grouping them together as a single logically atomic operation.  It does not "
+"manage its file hierarchy well; it is easy to make a mess of a repository by "
+"renaming files and directories.  Worse, its source code is difficult to read "
+"and maintain, which made the <quote>pain level</quote> of fixing these "
+"architectural problems prohibitive."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:177
+msgid ""
+"In 2001, Jim Blandy and Karl Fogel, two developers who had worked on CVS, "
+"started a project to replace it with a tool that would have a better "
+"architecture and cleaner code.  The result, Subversion, does not stray from "
+"CVS's centralised client/server model, but it adds multi-file atomic commits, "
+"better namespace management, and a number of other features that make it a "
+"generally better tool than CVS. Since its initial release, it has rapidly "
+"grown in popularity."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:186
+msgid ""
+"More or less simultaneously, Graydon Hoare began working on an ambitious "
+"distributed revision control system that he named Monotone. While Monotone "
+"addresses many of CVS's design flaws and has a peer-to-peer architecture, it "
+"goes beyond earlier (and subsequent) revision control tools in a number of "
+"innovative ways.  It uses cryptographic hashes as identifiers, and has an "
+"integral notion of <quote>trust</quote> for code from different sources."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:195
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial began life in 2005.  While a few aspects of its design are "
+"influenced by Monotone, Mercurial focuses on ease of use, high performance, "
+"and scalability to very large projects."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:202
+msgid "Trends in revision control"
+msgstr "版本控制的发展趋势"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:204
+msgid ""
+"There has been an unmistakable trend in the development and use of revision "
+"control tools over the past four decades, as people have become familiar with "
+"the capabilities of their tools and constrained by their limitations."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:209
+msgid ""
+"The first generation began by managing single files on individual computers.  "
+"Although these tools represented a huge advance over ad-hoc manual revision "
+"control, their locking model and reliance on a single computer limited them "
+"to small, tightly-knit teams."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:215
+msgid ""
+"The second generation loosened these constraints by moving to network-"
+"centered architectures, and managing entire projects at a time.  As projects "
+"grew larger, they ran into new problems.  With clients needing to talk to "
+"servers very frequently, server scaling became an issue for large projects.  "
+"An unreliable network connection could prevent remote users from being able "
+"to talk to the server at all.  As open source projects started making read-"
+"only access available anonymously to anyone, people without commit privileges "
+"found that they could not use the tools to interact with a project in a "
+"natural way, as they could not record their changes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:227
+msgid ""
+"The current generation of revision control tools is peer-to-peer in nature.  "
+"All of these systems have dropped the dependency on a single central server, "
+"and allow people to distribute their revision control data to where it's "
+"actually needed.  Collaboration over the Internet has moved from constrained "
+"by technology to a matter of choice and consensus.  Modern tools can operate "
+"offline indefinitely and autonomously, with a network connection only needed "
+"when syncing changes with another repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:239
+msgid "A few of the advantages of distributed revision control"
+msgstr "分布版本控制的优点"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:242
+msgid ""
+"Even though distributed revision control tools have for several years been as "
+"robust and usable as their previous-generation counterparts, people using "
+"older tools have not yet necessarily woken up to their advantages.  There are "
+"a number of ways in which distributed tools shine relative to centralised "
+"ones."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:249
+msgid ""
+"For an individual developer, distributed tools are almost always much faster "
+"than centralised tools.  This is for a simple reason: a centralised tool "
+"needs to talk over the network for many common operations, because most "
+"metadata is stored in a single copy on the central server.  A distributed "
+"tool stores all of its metadata locally.  All else being equal, talking over "
+"the network adds overhead to a centralised tool.  Don't underestimate the "
+"value of a snappy, responsive tool: you're going to spend a lot of time "
+"interacting with your revision control software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:260
+msgid ""
+"Distributed tools are indifferent to the vagaries of your server "
+"infrastructure, again because they replicate metadata to so many locations.  "
+"If you use a centralised system and your server catches fire, you'd better "
+"hope that your backup media are reliable, and that your last backup was "
+"recent and actually worked.  With a distributed tool, you have many backups "
+"available on every contributor's computer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:268
+msgid ""
+"The reliability of your network will affect distributed tools far less than "
+"it will centralised tools.  You can't even use a centralised tool without a "
+"network connection, except for a few highly constrained commands.  With a "
+"distributed tool, if your network connection goes down while you're working, "
+"you may not even notice.  The only thing you won't be able to do is talk to "
+"repositories on other computers, something that is relatively rare compared "
+"with local operations.  If you have a far-flung team of collaborators, this "
+"may be significant."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:279
+msgid "Advantages for open source projects"
+msgstr "开源项目的优点"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:281
+msgid ""
+"If you take a shine to an open source project and decide that you would like "
+"to start hacking on it, and that project uses a distributed revision control "
+"tool, you are at once a peer with the people who consider themselves the "
+"<quote>core</quote> of that project.  If they publish their repositories, you "
+"can immediately copy their project history, start making changes, and record "
+"your work, using the same tools in the same ways as insiders.  By contrast, "
+"with a centralised tool, you must use the software in a <quote>read only</"
+"quote> mode unless someone grants you permission to commit changes to their "
+"central server.  Until then, you won't be able to record changes, and your "
+"local modifications will be at risk of corruption any time you try to update "
+"your client's view of the repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:297
+msgid "The forking non-problem"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:299
+msgid ""
+"It has been suggested that distributed revision control tools pose some sort "
+"of risk to open source projects because they make it easy to <quote>fork</"
+"quote> the development of a project.  A fork happens when there are "
+"differences in opinion or attitude between groups of developers that cause "
+"them to decide that they can't work together any longer.  Each side takes a "
+"more or less complete copy of the project's source code, and goes off in its "
+"own direction."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:309
+msgid ""
+"Sometimes the camps in a fork decide to reconcile their differences. With a "
+"centralised revision control system, the <emphasis>technical</emphasis> "
+"process of reconciliation is painful, and has to be performed largely by "
+"hand.  You have to decide whose revision history is going to <quote>win</"
+"quote>, and graft the other team's changes into the tree somehow. This "
+"usually loses some or all of one side's revision history."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:318
+msgid ""
+"What distributed tools do with respect to forking is they make forking the "
+"<emphasis>only</emphasis> way to develop a project.  Every single change that "
+"you make is potentially a fork point.  The great strength of this approach is "
+"that a distributed revision control tool has to be really good at "
+"<emphasis>merging</emphasis> forks, because forks are absolutely fundamental: "
+"they happen all the time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:327
+msgid ""
+"If every piece of work that everybody does, all the time, is framed in terms "
+"of forking and merging, then what the open source world refers to as a "
+"<quote>fork</quote> becomes <emphasis>purely</emphasis> a social issue.  If "
+"anything, distributed tools <emphasis>lower</emphasis> the likelihood of a "
+"fork:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:334
+msgid ""
+"They eliminate the social distinction that centralised tools impose: that "
+"between insiders (people with commit access) and outsiders (people without)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:338
+msgid ""
+"They make it easier to reconcile after a social fork, because all that's "
+"involved from the perspective of the revision control software is just "
+"another merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:343
+msgid ""
+"Some people resist distributed tools because they want to retain tight "
+"control over their projects, and they believe that centralised tools give "
+"them this control.  However, if you're of this belief, and you publish your "
+"CVS or Subversion repositories publicly, there are plenty of tools available "
+"that can pull out your entire project's history (albeit slowly) and recreate "
+"it somewhere that you don't control.  So while your control in this case is "
+"illusory, you are forgoing the ability to fluidly collaborate with whatever "
+"people feel compelled to mirror and fork your history."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:358
+msgid "Advantages for commercial projects"
+msgstr "商业项目的优点"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:360
+msgid ""
+"Many commercial projects are undertaken by teams that are scattered across "
+"the globe.  Contributors who are far from a central server will see slower "
+"command execution and perhaps less reliability.  Commercial revision control "
+"systems attempt to ameliorate these problems with remote-site replication add-"
+"ons that are typically expensive to buy and cantankerous to administer.  A "
+"distributed system doesn't suffer from these problems in the first place.  "
+"Better yet, you can easily set up multiple authoritative servers, say one per "
+"site, so that there's no redundant communication between repositories over "
+"expensive long-haul network links."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:372
+msgid ""
+"Centralised revision control systems tend to have relatively low "
+"scalability.  It's not unusual for an expensive centralised system to fall "
+"over under the combined load of just a few dozen concurrent users.  Once "
+"again, the typical response tends to be an expensive and clunky replication "
+"facility.  Since the load on a central server---if you have one at all---is "
+"many times lower with a distributed tool (because all of the data is "
+"replicated everywhere), a single cheap server can handle the needs of a much "
+"larger team, and replication to balance load becomes a simple matter of "
+"scripting."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:384
+msgid ""
+"If you have an employee in the field, troubleshooting a problem at a "
+"customer's site, they'll benefit from distributed revision control. The tool "
+"will let them generate custom builds, try different fixes in isolation from "
+"each other, and search efficiently through history for the sources of bugs "
+"and regressions in the customer's environment, all without needing to connect "
+"to your company's network."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:395
+msgid "Why choose Mercurial?"
+msgstr "为什么选择 Mercurial?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:397
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial has a unique set of properties that make it a particularly good "
+"choice as a revision control system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:400
+msgid "It is easy to learn and use."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:401
+msgid "It is lightweight."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:402
+msgid "It scales excellently."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:403
+msgid "It is easy to customise."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:406
+msgid ""
+"If you are at all familiar with revision control systems, you should be able "
+"to get up and running with Mercurial in less than five minutes.  Even if not, "
+"it will take no more than a few minutes longer.  Mercurial's command and "
+"feature sets are generally uniform and consistent, so you can keep track of a "
+"few general rules instead of a host of exceptions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:413
+msgid ""
+"On a small project, you can start working with Mercurial in moments. Creating "
+"new changes and branches; transferring changes around (whether locally or "
+"over a network); and history and status operations are all fast.  Mercurial "
+"attempts to stay nimble and largely out of your way by combining low "
+"cognitive overhead with blazingly fast operations."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:420
+msgid ""
+"The usefulness of Mercurial is not limited to small projects: it is used by "
+"projects with hundreds to thousands of contributors, each containing tens of "
+"thousands of files and hundreds of megabytes of source code."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:425
+msgid ""
+"If the core functionality of Mercurial is not enough for you, it's easy to "
+"build on.  Mercurial is well suited to scripting tasks, and its clean "
+"internals and implementation in Python make it easy to add features in the "
+"form of extensions.  There are a number of popular and useful extensions "
+"already available, ranging from helping to identify bugs to improving "
+"performance."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:435
+msgid "Mercurial compared with other tools"
+msgstr "Mercurial 与其它工具的比较"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:437
+msgid ""
+"Before you read on, please understand that this section necessarily reflects "
+"my own experiences, interests, and (dare I say it) biases.  I have used every "
+"one of the revision control tools listed below, in most cases for several "
+"years at a time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:445 ../en/ch01-intro.xml:656
+msgid "Subversion"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:447
+msgid ""
+"Subversion is a popular revision control tool, developed to replace CVS.  It "
+"has a centralised client/server architecture."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:451
+msgid ""
+"Subversion and Mercurial have similarly named commands for performing the "
+"same operations, so if you're familiar with one, it is easy to learn to use "
+"the other.  Both tools are portable to all popular operating systems."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:456
+msgid ""
+"Prior to version 1.5, Subversion had no useful support for merges. At the "
+"time of writing, its merge tracking capability is new, and known to be <ulink "
+"url=\"http://svnbook.red-bean.com/nightly/en/svn.branchmerge.advanced."
+"html#svn.branchmerge.advanced.finalword\">complicated and buggy</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:462
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial has a substantial performance advantage over Subversion on every "
+"revision control operation I have benchmarked.  I have measured its advantage "
+"as ranging from a factor of two to a factor of six when compared with "
+"Subversion 1.4.3's <emphasis>ra_local</emphasis> file store, which is the "
+"fastest access method available.  In more realistic deployments involving a "
+"network-based store, Subversion will be at a substantially larger "
+"disadvantage.  Because many Subversion commands must talk to the server and "
+"Subversion does not have useful replication facilities, server capacity and "
+"network bandwidth become bottlenecks for modestly large projects."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:475
+msgid ""
+"Additionally, Subversion incurs substantial storage overhead to avoid network "
+"transactions for a few common operations, such as finding modified files "
+"(<literal>status</literal>) and displaying modifications against the current "
+"revision (<literal>diff</literal>).  As a result, a Subversion working copy "
+"is often the same size as, or larger than, a Mercurial repository and working "
+"directory, even though the Mercurial repository contains a complete history "
+"of the project."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:485
+msgid ""
+"Subversion is widely supported by third party tools.  Mercurial currently "
+"lags considerably in this area.  This gap is closing, however, and indeed "
+"some of Mercurial's GUI tools now outshine their Subversion equivalents.  "
+"Like Mercurial, Subversion has an excellent user manual."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:491
+msgid ""
+"Because Subversion doesn't store revision history on the client, it is well "
+"suited to managing projects that deal with lots of large, opaque binary "
+"files.  If you check in fifty revisions to an incompressible 10MB file, "
+"Subversion's client-side space usage stays constant The space used by any "
+"distributed SCM will grow rapidly in proportion to the number of revisions, "
+"because the differences between each revision are large."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:500
+msgid ""
+"In addition, it's often difficult or, more usually, impossible to merge "
+"different versions of a binary file.  Subversion's ability to let a user lock "
+"a file, so that they temporarily have the exclusive right to commit changes "
+"to it, can be a significant advantage to a project where binary files are "
+"widely used."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:507
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial can import revision history from a Subversion repository. It can "
+"also export revision history to a Subversion repository.  This makes it easy "
+"to <quote>test the waters</quote> and use Mercurial and Subversion in "
+"parallel before deciding to switch.  History conversion is incremental, so "
+"you can perform an initial conversion, then small additional conversions "
+"afterwards to bring in new changes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:519 ../en/ch01-intro.xml:658
+msgid "Git"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:521
+msgid ""
+"Git is a distributed revision control tool that was developed for managing "
+"the Linux kernel source tree.  Like Mercurial, its early design was somewhat "
+"influenced by Monotone."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:526
+msgid ""
+"Git has a very large command set, with version 1.5.0 providing 139 individual "
+"commands.  It has something of a reputation for being difficult to learn.  "
+"Compared to Git, Mercurial has a strong focus on simplicity."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:531
+msgid ""
+"In terms of performance, Git is extremely fast.  In several cases, it is "
+"faster than Mercurial, at least on Linux, while Mercurial performs better on "
+"other operations.  However, on Windows, the performance and general level of "
+"support that Git provides is, at the time of writing, far behind that of "
+"Mercurial."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:538
+msgid ""
+"While a Mercurial repository needs no maintenance, a Git repository requires "
+"frequent manual <quote>repacks</quote> of its metadata.  Without these, "
+"performance degrades, while space usage grows rapidly.  A server that "
+"contains many Git repositories that are not rigorously and frequently "
+"repacked will become heavily disk-bound during backups, and there have been "
+"instances of daily backups taking far longer than 24 hours as a result.  A "
+"freshly packed Git repository is slightly smaller than a Mercurial "
+"repository, but an unpacked repository is several orders of magnitude larger."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:549
+msgid ""
+"The core of Git is written in C.  Many Git commands are implemented as shell "
+"or Perl scripts, and the quality of these scripts varies widely. I have "
+"encountered several instances where scripts charged along blindly in the "
+"presence of errors that should have been fatal."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:555
+msgid "Mercurial can import revision history from a Git repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:561 ../en/ch01-intro.xml:657
+msgid "CVS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:563
+msgid ""
+"CVS is probably the most widely used revision control tool in the world.  Due "
+"to its age and internal untidiness, it has been only lightly maintained for "
+"many years."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:567
+msgid ""
+"It has a centralised client/server architecture.  It does not group related "
+"file changes into atomic commits, making it easy for people to <quote>break "
+"the build</quote>: one person can successfully commit part of a change and "
+"then be blocked by the need for a merge, causing other people to see only a "
+"portion of the work they intended to do.  This also affects how you work with "
+"project history.  If you want to see all of the modifications someone made as "
+"part of a task, you will need to manually inspect the descriptions and "
+"timestamps of the changes made to each file involved (if you even know what "
+"those files were)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:579
+msgid ""
+"CVS has a muddled notion of tags and branches that I will not attempt to even "
+"describe.  It does not support renaming of files or directories well, making "
+"it easy to corrupt a repository.  It has almost no internal consistency "
+"checking capabilities, so it is usually not even possible to tell whether or "
+"how a repository is corrupt.  I would not recommend CVS for any project, "
+"existing or new."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:587
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial can import CVS revision history.  However, there are a few caveats "
+"that apply; these are true of every other revision control tool's CVS "
+"importer, too.  Due to CVS's lack of atomic changes and unversioned "
+"filesystem hierarchy, it is not possible to reconstruct CVS history "
+"completely accurately; some guesswork is involved, and renames will usually "
+"not show up.  Because a lot of advanced CVS administration has to be done by "
+"hand and is hence error-prone, it's common for CVS importers to run into "
+"multiple problems with corrupted repositories (completely bogus revision "
+"timestamps and files that have remained locked for over a decade are just two "
+"of the less interesting problems I can recall from personal experience)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:601
+msgid "Mercurial can import revision history from a CVS repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:607
+msgid "Commercial tools"
+msgstr "商业工具"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:609
+msgid ""
+"Perforce has a centralised client/server architecture, with no client-side "
+"caching of any data.  Unlike modern revision control tools, Perforce requires "
+"that a user run a command to inform the server about every file they intend "
+"to edit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:615
+msgid ""
+"The performance of Perforce is quite good for small teams, but it falls off "
+"rapidly as the number of users grows beyond a few dozen. Modestly large "
+"Perforce installations require the deployment of proxies to cope with the "
+"load their users generate."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:624
+msgid "Choosing a revision control tool"
+msgstr "选择版本控制工具"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:626
+msgid ""
+"With the exception of CVS, all of the tools listed above have unique "
+"strengths that suit them to particular styles of work.  There is no single "
+"revision control tool that is best in all situations."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:631
+msgid ""
+"As an example, Subversion is a good choice for working with frequently edited "
+"binary files, due to its centralised nature and support for file locking."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:635
+msgid ""
+"I personally find Mercurial's properties of simplicity, performance, and good "
+"merge support to be a compelling combination that has served me well for "
+"several years."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:643
+msgid "Switching from another tool to Mercurial"
+msgstr "从其它工具切换到 Mercurial"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:645
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial is bundled with an extension named <literal role=\"hg-ext"
+"\">convert</literal>, which can incrementally import revision history from "
+"several other revision control tools.  By <quote>incremental</quote>, I mean "
+"that you can convert all of a project's history to date in one go, then rerun "
+"the conversion later to obtain new changes that happened after the initial "
+"conversion."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:653
+msgid ""
+"The revision control tools supported by <literal role=\"hg-ext\">convert</"
+"literal> are as follows:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:659
+msgid "Darcs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:661
+msgid ""
+"In addition, <literal role=\"hg-ext\">convert</literal> can export changes "
+"from Mercurial to Subversion.  This makes it possible to try Subversion and "
+"Mercurial in parallel before committing to a switchover, without risking the "
+"loss of any work."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch01-intro.xml:667
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-conver\">convert</command> command is easy to "
+"use.  Simply point it at the path or URL of the source repository, optionally "
+"give it the name of the destination repository, and it will start working.  "
+"After the initial conversion, just run the same command again to import new "
+"changes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:5
+msgid "A tour of Mercurial: the basics"
+msgstr "Mercurial 教程: 基础知识"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:8
+msgid "Installing Mercurial on your system"
+msgstr "安装 Mercurial"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:10
+msgid ""
+"Prebuilt binary packages of Mercurial are available for every popular "
+"operating system.  These make it easy to start using Mercurial on your "
+"computer immediately."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:15
+msgid "Linux"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:17
+msgid ""
+"Because each Linux distribution has its own packaging tools, policies, and "
+"rate of development, it's difficult to give a comprehensive set of "
+"instructions on how to install Mercurial binaries.  The version of Mercurial "
+"that you will end up with can vary depending on how active the person is who "
+"maintains the package for your distribution."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:24
+msgid ""
+"To keep things simple, I will focus on installing Mercurial from the command "
+"line under the most popular Linux distributions.  Most of these distributions "
+"provide graphical package managers that will let you install Mercurial with a "
+"single click; the package name to look for is <literal>mercurial</literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:32
+msgid "Debian:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:35
+msgid "Fedora Core:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:38
+msgid "Gentoo:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:40
+msgid "OpenSUSE:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:43
+msgid ""
+"Ubuntu: Ubuntu's Mercurial package is based on Debian's.  To install it, run "
+"the following command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:52
+msgid "Solaris"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:54
+msgid ""
+"SunFreeWare, at <ulink url=\"http://www.sunfreeware.com\">http://www."
+"sunfreeware.com</ulink>, is a good source for a large number of pre-built "
+"Solaris packages for 32 and 64 bit Intel and Sparc architectures, including "
+"current versions of Mercurial."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:62
+msgid "Mac OS X"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:64
+msgid ""
+"Lee Cantey publishes an installer of Mercurial for Mac OS X at <ulink url="
+"\"http://mercurial.berkwood.com\">http://mercurial.berkwood.com</ulink>.  "
+"This package works on both Intel- and Power-based Macs. Before you can use "
+"it, you must install a compatible version of Universal MacPython "
+"<citation>web:macpython</citation>. This is easy to do; simply follow the "
+"instructions on Lee's site."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:73
+msgid ""
+"It's also possible to install Mercurial using Fink or MacPorts, two popular "
+"free package managers for Mac OS X.  If you have Fink, use <command>sudo apt-"
+"get install mercurial-py25</command>.  If MacPorts, <command>sudo port "
+"install mercurial</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:81
+msgid "Windows"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:83
+msgid ""
+"Lee Cantey publishes an installer of Mercurial for Windows at <ulink url="
+"\"http://mercurial.berkwood.com\">http://mercurial.berkwood.com</ulink>.  "
+"This package has no external dependencies; it <quote>just works</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:90
+msgid ""
+"The Windows version of Mercurial does not automatically convert line endings "
+"between Windows and Unix styles.  If you want to share work with Unix users, "
+"you must do a little additional configuration work. XXX Flesh this out."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:100
+msgid "Getting started"
+msgstr "开始"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:102
+msgid ""
+"To begin, we'll use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg version</command> command "
+"to find out whether Mercurial is actually installed properly.  The actual "
+"version information that it prints isn't so important; it's whether it prints "
+"anything at all that we care about."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:111
+msgid "Built-in help"
+msgstr "内置帮助"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:113
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial provides a built-in help system.  This is invaluable for those "
+"times when you find yourself stuck trying to remember how to run a command.  "
+"If you are completely stuck, simply run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg help</"
+"command>; it will print a brief list of commands, along with a description of "
+"what each does.  If you ask for help on a specific command (as below), it "
+"prints more detailed information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:124
+msgid ""
+"For a more impressive level of detail (which you won't usually need) run "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg help <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-v</option></"
+"command>.  The <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-v</option> option is short for "
+"<option role=\"hg-opt-global\">--verbose</option>, and tells Mercurial to "
+"print more information than it usually would."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:135
+msgid "Working with a repository"
+msgstr "使用版本库"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:137
+msgid ""
+"In Mercurial, everything happens inside a <emphasis>repository</emphasis>.  "
+"The repository for a project contains all of the files that <quote>belong to</"
+"quote> that project, along with a historical record of the project's files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:143
+msgid ""
+"There's nothing particularly magical about a repository; it is simply a "
+"directory tree in your filesystem that Mercurial treats as special. You can "
+"rename or delete a repository any time you like, using either the command "
+"line or your file browser."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:150
+msgid "Making a local copy of a repository"
+msgstr "创建版本库的工作副本"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:152
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis>Copying</emphasis> a repository is just a little bit special.  "
+"While you could use a normal file copying command to make a copy of a "
+"repository, it's best to use a built-in command that Mercurial provides.  "
+"This command is called <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg clone</command>, because "
+"it creates an identical copy of an existing repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:161
+msgid ""
+"If our clone succeeded, we should now have a local directory called <filename "
+"class=\"directory\">hello</filename>.  This directory will contain some files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:167
+msgid ""
+"These files have the same contents and history in our repository as they do "
+"in the repository we cloned."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:170
+msgid ""
+"Every Mercurial repository is complete, self-contained, and independent.  It "
+"contains its own private copy of a project's files and history.  A cloned "
+"repository remembers the location of the repository it was cloned from, but "
+"it does not communicate with that repository, or any other, unless you tell "
+"it to."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:177
+msgid ""
+"What this means for now is that we're free to experiment with our repository, "
+"safe in the knowledge that it's a private <quote>sandbox</quote> that won't "
+"affect anyone else."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:183
+msgid "What's in a repository?"
+msgstr "什么是版本库?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:185
+msgid ""
+"When we take a more detailed look inside a repository, we can see that it "
+"contains a directory named <filename class=\"directory\">.hg</filename>.  "
+"This is where Mercurial keeps all of its metadata for the repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:192
+msgid ""
+"The contents of the <filename class=\"directory\">.hg</filename> directory "
+"and its subdirectories are private to Mercurial.  Every other file and "
+"directory in the repository is yours to do with as you please."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:198
+msgid ""
+"To introduce a little terminology, the <filename class=\"directory\">.hg</"
+"filename> directory is the <quote>real</quote> repository, and all of the "
+"files and directories that coexist with it are said to live in the "
+"<emphasis>working directory</emphasis>.  An easy way to remember the "
+"distinction is that the <emphasis>repository</emphasis> contains the "
+"<emphasis>history</emphasis> of your project, while the <emphasis>working "
+"directory</emphasis> contains a <emphasis>snapshot</emphasis> of your project "
+"at a particular point in history."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:213
+msgid "A tour through history"
+msgstr "回溯历史"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:215
+msgid ""
+"One of the first things we might want to do with a new, unfamiliar repository "
+"is understand its history.  The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> "
+"command gives us a view of history."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:222
+msgid ""
+"By default, this command prints a brief paragraph of output for each change "
+"to the project that was recorded.  In Mercurial terminology, we call each of "
+"these recorded events a <emphasis>changeset</emphasis>, because it can "
+"contain a record of changes to several files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:228
+msgid ""
+"The fields in a record of output from <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</"
+"command> are as follows."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:231
+msgid ""
+"<literal>changeset</literal>: This field has the format of a number, followed "
+"by a colon, followed by a hexadecimal string.  These are "
+"<emphasis>identifiers</emphasis> for the changeset.  There are two "
+"identifiers because the number is shorter and easier to type than the hex "
+"string."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:237
+msgid ""
+"<literal>user</literal>: The identity of the person who created the "
+"changeset.  This is a free-form field, but it most often contains a person's "
+"name and email address."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:241
+msgid ""
+"<literal>date</literal>: The date and time on which the changeset was "
+"created, and the timezone in which it was created.  (The date and time are "
+"local to that timezone; they display what time and date it was for the person "
+"who created the changeset.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:246
+msgid ""
+"<literal>summary</literal>: The first line of the text message that the "
+"creator of the changeset entered to describe the changeset."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:249
+msgid ""
+"The default output printed by <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> is "
+"purely a summary; it is missing a lot of detail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:253
+msgid ""
+"Figure <xref linkend=\"fig.tour-basic.history\"/> provides a graphical "
+"representation of the history of the <filename class=\"directory\">hello</"
+"filename> repository, to make it a little easier to see which direction "
+"history is <quote>flowing</quote> in.  We'll be returning to this figure "
+"several times in this chapter and the chapter that follows."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><informalfigure><mediaobject>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:263
+msgid ""
+"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/tour-history.png\"/></imageobject>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:264 ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:48
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:76 ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:124
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:181 ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:248
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:54 ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:104
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:189 ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:293
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:342 ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:356
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:396 ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:415
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:456 ../en/ch06-collab.xml:275
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:363 ../en/ch09-undo.xml:411 ../en/ch09-undo.xml:476
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:516 ../en/ch12-mq.xml:408
+msgid "XXX add text"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:265
+msgid ""
+"Graphical history of the <filename class=\"directory\">hello</filename> "
+"repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:272
+msgid "Changesets, revisions, and talking to other people"
+msgstr "改变集，版本，与其它用户交互"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:275
+msgid ""
+"As English is a notoriously sloppy language, and computer science has a "
+"hallowed history of terminological confusion (why use one term when four will "
+"do?), revision control has a variety of words and phrases that mean the same "
+"thing.  If you are talking about Mercurial history with other people, you "
+"will find that the word <quote>changeset</quote> is often compressed to "
+"<quote>change</quote> or (when written)  <quote>cset</quote>, and sometimes a "
+"changeset is referred to as a <quote>revision</quote> or a <quote>rev</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:285
+msgid ""
+"While it doesn't matter what <emphasis>word</emphasis> you use to refer to "
+"the concept of <quote>a changeset</quote>, the <emphasis>identifier</"
+"emphasis> that you use to refer to <quote>a <emphasis>specific</emphasis> "
+"changeset</quote> is of great importance. Recall that the <literal>changeset</"
+"literal> field in the output from <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> "
+"identifies a changeset using both a number and a hexadecimal string."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:294
+msgid ""
+"The revision number is <emphasis>only valid in that repository</emphasis>,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:296
+msgid ""
+"while the hex string is the <emphasis>permanent, unchanging identifier</"
+"emphasis> that will always identify that exact changeset in <emphasis>every</"
+"emphasis> copy of the repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:301
+msgid ""
+"This distinction is important.  If you send someone an email talking about "
+"<quote>revision 33</quote>, there's a high likelihood that their revision 33 "
+"will <emphasis>not be the same</emphasis> as yours.  The reason for this is "
+"that a revision number depends on the order in which changes arrived in a "
+"repository, and there is no guarantee that the same changes will happen in "
+"the same order in different repositories. Three changes $a,b,c$ can easily "
+"appear in one repository as $0,1,2$, while in another as $1,0,2$."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:311
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial uses revision numbers purely as a convenient shorthand.  If you "
+"need to discuss a changeset with someone, or make a record of a changeset for "
+"some other reason (for example, in a bug report), use the hexadecimal "
+"identifier."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:319
+msgid "Viewing specific revisions"
+msgstr "察看指定版本"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:321
+msgid ""
+"To narrow the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> down to a "
+"single revision, use the <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">-r</option> (or <option "
+"role=\"hg-opt-log\">--rev</option>) option.  You can use either a revision "
+"number or a long-form changeset identifier, and you can provide as many "
+"revisions as you want."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:330
+msgid ""
+"If you want to see the history of several revisions without having to list "
+"each one, you can use <emphasis>range notation</emphasis>; this lets you "
+"express the idea <quote>I want all revisions between <literal>abc</literal> "
+"and <literal>def</literal>, inclusive</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:338
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial also honours the order in which you specify revisions, so <command "
+"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log -r 2:4</command> prints 2, 3, and 4. while <command "
+"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log -r 4:2</command> prints 4, 3, and 2."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:345
+msgid "More detailed information"
+msgstr "更详细的信息"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:347
+msgid ""
+"While the summary information printed by <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</"
+"command> is useful if you already know what you're looking for, you may need "
+"to see a complete description of the change, or a list of the files changed, "
+"if you're trying to decide whether a changeset is the one you're looking for. "
+"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> command's <option role=\"hg-opt-"
+"global\">-v</option> (or <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">--verbose</option>) "
+"option gives you this extra detail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:359
+msgid ""
+"If you want to see both the description and content of a change, add the "
+"<option role=\"hg-opt-log\">-p</option> (or <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">--"
+"patch</option>) option.  This displays the content of a change as a "
+"<emphasis>unified diff</emphasis> (if you've never seen a unified diff "
+"before, see section <xref linkend=\"sec.mq.patch\"/> for an overview)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:372
+msgid "All about command options"
+msgstr "命令选项"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:374
+msgid ""
+"Let's take a brief break from exploring Mercurial commands to discuss a "
+"pattern in the way that they work; you may find this useful to keep in mind "
+"as we continue our tour."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:378
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial has a consistent and straightforward approach to dealing with the "
+"options that you can pass to commands.  It follows the conventions for "
+"options that are common to modern Linux and Unix systems."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:383
+msgid ""
+"Every option has a long name.  For example, as we've already seen, the "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> command accepts a <option role=\"hg-"
+"opt-log\">--rev</option> option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:387
+msgid ""
+"Most options have short names, too.  Instead of <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">--"
+"rev</option>, we can use <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">-r</option>.  (The "
+"reason that some options don't have short names is that the options in "
+"question are rarely used.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:392
+msgid ""
+"Long options start with two dashes (e.g. <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">--rev</"
+"option>), while short options start with one (e.g. <option role=\"hg-opt-log"
+"\">-r</option>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:396
+msgid ""
+"Option naming and usage is consistent across commands.  For example, every "
+"command that lets you specify a changeset ID or revision number accepts both "
+"<option role=\"hg-opt-log\">-r</option> and <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">--"
+"rev</option> arguments."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:402
+msgid ""
+"In the examples throughout this book, I use short options instead of long.  "
+"This just reflects my own preference, so don't read anything significant into "
+"it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:406
+msgid ""
+"Most commands that print output of some kind will print more output when "
+"passed a <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-v</option> (or <option role=\"hg-opt-"
+"global\">--verbose</option>) option, and less when passed <option role=\"hg-"
+"opt-global\">-q</option> (or <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">--quiet</option>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:414
+msgid "Making and reviewing changes"
+msgstr "创建和复审修改"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:416
+msgid ""
+"Now that we have a grasp of viewing history in Mercurial, let's take a look "
+"at making some changes and examining them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:420
+msgid ""
+"The first thing we'll do is isolate our experiment in a repository of its "
+"own.  We use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg clone</command> command, but we "
+"don't need to clone a copy of the remote repository.  Since we already have a "
+"copy of it locally, we can just clone that instead.  This is much faster than "
+"cloning over the network, and cloning a local repository uses less disk space "
+"in most cases, too."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:430
+msgid ""
+"As an aside, it's often good practice to keep a <quote>pristine</quote> copy "
+"of a remote repository around, which you can then make temporary clones of to "
+"create sandboxes for each task you want to work on.  This lets you work on "
+"multiple tasks in parallel, each isolated from the others until it's complete "
+"and you're ready to integrate it back.  Because local clones are so cheap, "
+"there's almost no overhead to cloning and destroying repositories whenever "
+"you want."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:439
+msgid ""
+"In our <filename class=\"directory\">my-hello</filename> repository, we have "
+"a file <filename>hello.c</filename> that contains the classic <quote>hello, "
+"world</quote> program. Let's use the ancient and venerable <command>sed</"
+"command> command to edit this file so that it prints a second line of "
+"output.  (I'm only using <command>sed</command> to do this because it's easy "
+"to write a scripted example this way.  Since you're not under the same "
+"constraint, you probably won't want to use <command>sed</command>; simply use "
+"your preferred text editor to do the same thing.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:452
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial's <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> command will tell us "
+"what Mercurial knows about the files in the repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:458
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> command prints no output for "
+"some files, but a line starting with <quote><literal>M</literal></quote> for "
+"<filename>hello.c</filename>.  Unless you tell it to, <command role=\"hg-cmd"
+"\">hg status</command> will not print any output for files that have not been "
+"modified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:465
+msgid ""
+"The <quote><literal>M</literal></quote> indicates that Mercurial has noticed "
+"that we modified <filename>hello.c</filename>.  We didn't need to "
+"<emphasis>inform</emphasis> Mercurial that we were going to modify the file "
+"before we started, or that we had modified the file after we were done; it "
+"was able to figure this out itself."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:473
+msgid ""
+"It's a little bit helpful to know that we've modified <filename>hello.c</"
+"filename>, but we might prefer to know exactly <emphasis>what</emphasis> "
+"changes we've made to it.  To do this, we use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"diff</command> command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:483
+msgid "Recording changes in a new changeset"
+msgstr "在新修改集中记录修改"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:485
+msgid ""
+"We can modify files, build and test our changes, and use <command role=\"hg-"
+"cmd\">hg status</command> and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> to "
+"review our changes, until we're satisfied with what we've done and arrive at "
+"a natural stopping point where we want to record our work in a new changeset."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:492
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> command lets us create a new "
+"changeset; we'll usually refer to this as <quote>making a commit</quote> or "
+"<quote>committing</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:498
+msgid "Setting up a username"
+msgstr "配置用户名称"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:500
+msgid ""
+"When you try to run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> for the "
+"first time, it is not guaranteed to succeed.  Mercurial records your name and "
+"address with each change that you commit, so that you and others will later "
+"be able to tell who made each change.  Mercurial tries to automatically "
+"figure out a sensible username to commit the change with.  It will attempt "
+"each of the following methods, in order:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:509
+msgid ""
+"If you specify a <option role=\"hg-opt-commit\">-u</option> option to the "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> command on the command line, "
+"followed by a username, this is always given the highest precedence."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:514
+msgid ""
+"If you have set the <envar>HGUSER</envar> environment variable, this is "
+"checked next."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:517
+msgid ""
+"If you create a file in your home directory called <filename role=\"special"
+"\">.hgrc</filename>, with a <envar role=\"rc-item-ui\">username</envar> "
+"entry, that will be used next.  To see what the contents of this file should "
+"look like, refer to section <xref linkend=\"sec.tour-basic.username\"/> below."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:524
+msgid ""
+"If you have set the <envar>EMAIL</envar> environment variable, this will be "
+"used next."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:527
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial will query your system to find out your local user name and host "
+"name, and construct a username from these components. Since this often "
+"results in a username that is not very useful, it will print a warning if it "
+"has to do this."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:534
+msgid ""
+"If all of these mechanisms fail, Mercurial will fail, printing an error "
+"message.  In this case, it will not let you commit until you set up a "
+"username."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:538
+msgid ""
+"You should think of the <envar>HGUSER</envar> environment variable and the "
+"<option role=\"hg-opt-commit\">-u</option> option to the <command role=\"hg-"
+"cmd\">hg commit</command> command as ways to <emphasis>override</emphasis> "
+"Mercurial's default selection of username.  For normal use, the simplest and "
+"most robust way to set a username for yourself is by creating a <filename "
+"role=\"special\">.hgrc</filename> file; see below for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:547
+msgid "Creating a Mercurial configuration file"
+msgstr "创建 Mercurial 的配置文件"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:549
+msgid ""
+"To set a user name, use your favourite editor to create a file called "
+"<filename role=\"special\">.hgrc</filename> in your home directory.  "
+"Mercurial will use this file to look up your personalised configuration "
+"settings.  The initial contents of your <filename role=\"special\">.hgrc</"
+"filename> should look like this."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:560
+msgid ""
+"The <quote><literal>[ui]</literal></quote> line begins a <emphasis>section</"
+"emphasis> of the config file, so you can read the <quote><literal>username "
+"= ...</literal></quote> line as meaning <quote>set the value of the "
+"<literal>username</literal> item in the <literal>ui</literal> section</"
+"quote>. A section continues until a new section begins, or the end of the "
+"file.  Mercurial ignores empty lines and treats any text from "
+"<quote><literal>#</literal></quote> to the end of a line as a comment."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:573
+msgid "Choosing a user name"
+msgstr "选择用户名称"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:575
+msgid ""
+"You can use any text you like as the value of the <literal>username</literal> "
+"config item, since this information is for reading by other people, but for "
+"interpreting by Mercurial.  The convention that most people follow is to use "
+"their name and email address, as in the example above."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><note><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:582
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial's built-in web server obfuscates email addresses, to make it more "
+"difficult for the email harvesting tools that spammers use. This reduces the "
+"likelihood that you'll start receiving more junk email if you publish a "
+"Mercurial repository on the web."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:592
+msgid "Writing a commit message"
+msgstr "写提交日志"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:594
+msgid ""
+"When we commit a change, Mercurial drops us into a text editor, to enter a "
+"message that will describe the modifications we've made in this changeset.  "
+"This is called the <emphasis>commit message</emphasis>.  It will be a record "
+"for readers of what we did and why, and it will be printed by <command role="
+"\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> after we've finished committing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:604
+msgid ""
+"The editor that the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> command "
+"drops us into will contain an empty line, followed by a number of lines "
+"starting with <quote><literal>HG:</literal></quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:611
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial ignores the lines that start with <quote><literal>HG:</literal></"
+"quote>; it uses them only to tell us which files it's recording changes to.  "
+"Modifying or deleting these lines has no effect."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:617
+msgid "Writing a good commit message"
+msgstr "写好提交日志"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:619
+msgid ""
+"Since <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> only prints the first line of "
+"a commit message by default, it's best to write a commit message whose first "
+"line stands alone.  Here's a real example of a commit message that "
+"<emphasis>doesn't</emphasis> follow this guideline, and hence has a summary "
+"that is not readable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:633
+msgid ""
+"As far as the remainder of the contents of the commit message are concerned, "
+"there are no hard-and-fast rules.  Mercurial itself doesn't interpret or care "
+"about the contents of the commit message, though your project may have "
+"policies that dictate a certain kind of formatting."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:639
+msgid ""
+"My personal preference is for short, but informative, commit messages that "
+"tell me something that I can't figure out with a quick glance at the output "
+"of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log --patch</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:646
+msgid "Aborting a commit"
+msgstr "终止提交"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:648
+msgid ""
+"If you decide that you don't want to commit while in the middle of editing a "
+"commit message, simply exit from your editor without saving the file that "
+"it's editing.  This will cause nothing to happen to either the repository or "
+"the working directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:653
+msgid ""
+"If we run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> command without "
+"any arguments, it records all of the changes we've made, as reported by "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"diff</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:660
+msgid "Admiring our new handiwork"
+msgstr "欣赏我们的新手艺"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:662
+msgid ""
+"Once we've finished the commit, we can use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"tip</command> command to display the changeset we just created.  This command "
+"produces output that is identical to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</"
+"command>, but it only displays the newest revision in the repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:671
+msgid ""
+"We refer to the newest revision in the repository as the tip revision, or "
+"simply the tip."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:678
+msgid "Sharing changes"
+msgstr "共享修改"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:680
+msgid ""
+"We mentioned earlier that repositories in Mercurial are self-contained.  This "
+"means that the changeset we just created exists only in our <filename class="
+"\"directory\">my-hello</filename> repository.  Let's look at a few ways that "
+"we can propagate this change into other repositories."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:688
+msgid "Pulling changes from another repository"
+msgstr "从其它版本库取得修改"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:689
+msgid ""
+"To get started, let's clone our original <filename class=\"directory\">hello</"
+"filename> repository, which does not contain the change we just committed.  "
+"We'll call our temporary repository <filename class=\"directory\">hello-pull</"
+"filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:697
+msgid ""
+"We'll use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> command to bring "
+"changes from <filename class=\"directory\">my-hello</filename> into <filename "
+"class=\"directory\">hello-pull</filename>.  However, blindly pulling unknown "
+"changes into a repository is a somewhat scary prospect.  Mercurial provides "
+"the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg incoming</command> command to tell us what "
+"changes the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> command "
+"<emphasis>would</emphasis> pull into the repository, without actually pulling "
+"the changes in."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:710
+msgid ""
+"(Of course, someone could cause more changesets to appear in the repository "
+"that we ran <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg incoming</command> in, before we get "
+"a chance to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> the changes, so that "
+"we could end up pulling changes that we didn't expect.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:717
+msgid ""
+"Bringing changes into a repository is a simple matter of running the <command "
+"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> command, and telling it which repository to "
+"pull from."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:724
+msgid ""
+"As you can see from the before-and-after output of <command role=\"hg-cmd"
+"\">hg tip</command>, we have successfully pulled changes into our "
+"repository.  There remains one step before we can see these changes in the "
+"working directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:732
+msgid "Updating the working directory"
+msgstr "更新工作目录"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:734
+msgid ""
+"We have so far glossed over the relationship between a repository and its "
+"working directory.  The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> command "
+"that we ran in section <xref linkend=\"sec.tour.pull\"/> brought changes into "
+"the repository, but if we check, there's no sign of those changes in the "
+"working directory.  This is because <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</"
+"command> does not (by default) touch the working directory.  Instead, we use "
+"the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> command to do this."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:746
+msgid ""
+"It might seem a bit strange that <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> "
+"doesn't update the working directory automatically.  There's actually a good "
+"reason for this: you can use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> to "
+"update the working directory to the state it was in at <emphasis>any "
+"revision</emphasis> in the history of the repository.  If you had the working "
+"directory updated to an old revision---to hunt down the origin of a bug, "
+"say---and ran a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> which "
+"automatically updated the working directory to a new revision, you might not "
+"be terribly happy."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:757
+msgid ""
+"However, since pull-then-update is such a common thing to do, Mercurial lets "
+"you combine the two by passing the <option role=\"hg-opt-pull\">-u</option> "
+"option to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:762
+msgid ""
+"If you look back at the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> "
+"in section <xref linkend=\"sec.tour.pull\"/> when we ran it without <option "
+"role=\"hg-opt-pull\">-u</option>, you can see that it printed a helpful "
+"reminder that we'd have to take an explicit step to update the working "
+"directory:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:771
+msgid ""
+"To find out what revision the working directory is at, use the <command role="
+"\"hg-cmd\">hg parents</command> command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:777
+msgid ""
+"If you look back at figure <xref linkend=\"fig.tour-basic.history\"/>, you'll "
+"see arrows connecting each changeset.  The node that the arrow leads "
+"<emphasis>from</emphasis> in each case is a parent, and the node that the "
+"arrow leads <emphasis>to</emphasis> is its child.  The working directory has "
+"a parent in just the same way; this is the changeset that the working "
+"directory currently contains."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:786
+msgid ""
+"To update the working directory to a particular revision, give a revision "
+"number or changeset ID to the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> "
+"command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:793
+msgid ""
+"If you omit an explicit revision, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</"
+"command> will update to the tip revision, as shown by the second call to "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> in the example above."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:801
+msgid "Pushing changes to another repository"
+msgstr "发布修改到其它版本库"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:803
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial lets us push changes to another repository, from the repository "
+"we're currently visiting.  As with the example of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"pull</command> above, we'll create a temporary repository to push our changes "
+"into."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:811
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg outgoing</command> command tells us what "
+"changes would be pushed into another repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:817
+msgid ""
+"And the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg push</command> command does the actual "
+"push."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:823
+msgid ""
+"As with <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command>, the <command role=\"hg-cmd"
+"\">hg push</command> command does not update the working directory in the "
+"repository that it's pushing changes into. (Unlike <command role=\"hg-cmd"
+"\">hg pull</command>, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg push</command> does not "
+"provide a <literal>-u</literal> option that updates the other repository's "
+"working directory.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:832
+msgid ""
+"What happens if we try to pull or push changes and the receiving repository "
+"already has those changes? Nothing too exciting."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:839
+msgid "Sharing changes over a network"
+msgstr "通过网络共享修改"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:841
+msgid ""
+"The commands we have covered in the previous few sections are not limited to "
+"working with local repositories.  Each works in exactly the same fashion over "
+"a network connection; simply pass in a URL instead of a local path."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch02-tour-basic.xml:849
+msgid ""
+"In this example, we can see what changes we could push to the remote "
+"repository, but the repository is understandably not set up to let anonymous "
+"users push to it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:5
+msgid "A tour of Mercurial: merging work"
+msgstr "Mercurial 教程: 合并工作"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:7
+msgid ""
+"We've now covered cloning a repository, making changes in a repository, and "
+"pulling or pushing changes from one repository into another.  Our next step "
+"is <emphasis>merging</emphasis> changes from separate repositories."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:13
+msgid "Merging streams of work"
+msgstr "合并的流程"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:15
+msgid ""
+"Merging is a fundamental part of working with a distributed revision control "
+"tool."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:18
+msgid ""
+"Alice and Bob each have a personal copy of a repository for a project they're "
+"collaborating on.  Alice fixes a bug in her repository; Bob adds a new "
+"feature in his.  They want the shared repository to contain both the bug fix "
+"and the new feature."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:24
+msgid ""
+"I frequently work on several different tasks for a single project at once, "
+"each safely isolated in its own repository. Working this way means that I "
+"often need to merge one piece of my own work with another."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:30
+msgid ""
+"Because merging is such a common thing to need to do, Mercurial makes it "
+"easy.  Let's walk through the process.  We'll begin by cloning yet another "
+"repository (see how often they spring up?) and making a change in it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:37
+msgid ""
+"We should now have two copies of <filename>hello.c</filename> with different "
+"contents.  The histories of the two repositories have also diverged, as "
+"illustrated in figure <xref linkend=\"fig.tour-merge.sep-repos\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><informalfigure><mediaobject>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:47
+msgid ""
+"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/tour-merge-sep-repos.png\"/></"
+"imageobject>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:49
+msgid ""
+"Divergent recent histories of the <filename class=\"directory\">my-hello</"
+"filename> and <filename class=\"directory\">my-new-hello</filename> "
+"repositories"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:56
+msgid ""
+"We already know that pulling changes from our <filename class=\"directory"
+"\">my-hello</filename> repository will have no effect on the working "
+"directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:62
+msgid ""
+"However, the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> command says "
+"something about <quote>heads</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:66
+msgid "Head changesets"
+msgstr "顶点改变集"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:68
+msgid ""
+"A head is a change that has no descendants, or children, as they're also "
+"known.  The tip revision is thus a head, because the newest revision in a "
+"repository doesn't have any children, but a repository can contain more than "
+"one head."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:75
+msgid ""
+"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/tour-merge-pull.png\"/></imageobject>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:78
+msgid ""
+"Repository contents after pulling from <filename class=\"directory\">my-"
+"hello</filename> into <filename class=\"directory\">my-new-hello</filename>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:85
+msgid ""
+"In figure <xref linkend=\"fig.tour-merge.pull\"/>, you can see the effect of "
+"the pull from <filename class=\"directory\">my-hello</filename> into "
+"<filename class=\"directory\">my-new-hello</filename>.  The history that was "
+"already present in <filename class=\"directory\">my-new-hello</filename> is "
+"untouched, but a new revision has been added.  By referring to figure <xref "
+"linkend=\"fig.tour-merge.sep-repos\"/>, we can see that the "
+"<emphasis>changeset ID</emphasis> remains the same in the new repository, but "
+"the <emphasis>revision number</emphasis> has changed.  (This, incidentally, "
+"is a fine example of why it's not safe to use revision numbers when "
+"discussing changesets.)  We can view the heads in a repository using the "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg heads</command> command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:104
+msgid "Performing the merge"
+msgstr "执行合并"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:106
+msgid ""
+"What happens if we try to use the normal <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</"
+"command> command to update to the new tip?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:112
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial is telling us that the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> "
+"command won't do a merge; it won't update the working directory when it "
+"thinks we might be wanting to do a merge, unless we force it to do so.  "
+"Instead, we use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</command> command to "
+"merge the two heads."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:123
+msgid ""
+"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/tour-merge-merge.png\"/></"
+"imageobject>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:126
+msgid "Working directory and repository during merge, and following commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:131
+msgid ""
+"This updates the working directory so that it contains changes from "
+"<emphasis>both</emphasis> heads, which is reflected in both the output of "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg parents</command> and the contents of "
+"<filename>hello.c</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:141
+msgid "Committing the results of the merge"
+msgstr "提交合并结果"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:143
+msgid ""
+"Whenever we've done a merge, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg parents</command> "
+"will display two parents until we <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</"
+"command> the results of the merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:150
+msgid ""
+"We now have a new tip revision; notice that it has <emphasis>both</emphasis> "
+"of our former heads as its parents.  These are the same revisions that were "
+"previously displayed by <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg parents</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:157
+msgid ""
+"In figure <xref linkend=\"fig.tour-merge.merge\"/>, you can see a "
+"representation of what happens to the working directory during the merge, and "
+"how this affects the repository when the commit happens.  During the merge, "
+"the working directory has two parent changesets, and these become the parents "
+"of the new changeset."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:168
+msgid "Merging conflicting changes"
+msgstr "合并有冲突的改变"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:170
+msgid ""
+"Most merges are simple affairs, but sometimes you'll find yourself merging "
+"changes where each modifies the same portions of the same files.  Unless both "
+"modifications are identical, this results in a <emphasis>conflict</emphasis>, "
+"where you have to decide how to reconcile the different changes into "
+"something coherent."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><informalfigure><mediaobject>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:180
+msgid ""
+"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/tour-merge-conflict.png\"/></"
+"imageobject>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:182
+msgid "Conflicting changes to a document"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:186
+msgid ""
+"Figure <xref linkend=\"fig.tour-merge.conflict\"/> illustrates an instance of "
+"two conflicting changes to a document.  We started with a single version of "
+"the file; then we made some changes; while someone else made different "
+"changes to the same text.  Our task in resolving the conflicting changes is "
+"to decide what the file should look like."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:193
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial doesn't have a built-in facility for handling conflicts. Instead, "
+"it runs an external program called <command>hgmerge</command>.  This is a "
+"shell script that is bundled with Mercurial; you can change it to behave "
+"however you please.  What it does by default is try to find one of several "
+"different merging tools that are likely to be installed on your system.  It "
+"first tries a few fully automatic merging tools; if these don't succeed "
+"(because the resolution process requires human guidance) or aren't present, "
+"the script tries a few different graphical merging tools."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:204
+msgid ""
+"It's also possible to get Mercurial to run another program or script instead "
+"of <command>hgmerge</command>, by setting the <envar>HGMERGE</envar> "
+"environment variable to the name of your preferred program."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:210
+msgid "Using a graphical merge tool"
+msgstr "使用图形合并工具"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:212
+msgid ""
+"My preferred graphical merge tool is <command>kdiff3</command>, which I'll "
+"use to describe the features that are common to graphical file merging "
+"tools.  You can see a screenshot of <command>kdiff3</command> in action in "
+"figure <xref linkend=\"fig.tour-merge.kdiff3\"/>.  The kind of merge it is "
+"performing is called a <emphasis>three-way merge</emphasis>, because there "
+"are three different versions of the file of interest to us.  The tool thus "
+"splits the upper portion of the window into three panes:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:222
+msgid ""
+"At the left is the <emphasis>base</emphasis> version of the file, i.e. the "
+"most recent version from which the two versions we're trying to merge are "
+"descended."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:227
+msgid ""
+"In the middle is <quote>our</quote> version of the file, with the contents "
+"that we modified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:230
+msgid ""
+"On the right is <quote>their</quote> version of the file, the one that from "
+"the changeset that we're trying to merge with."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:234
+msgid ""
+"In the pane below these is the current <emphasis>result</emphasis> of the "
+"merge. Our task is to replace all of the red text, which indicates unresolved "
+"conflicts, with some sensible merger of the <quote>ours</quote> and "
+"<quote>theirs</quote> versions of the file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:241
+msgid ""
+"All four of these panes are <emphasis>locked together</emphasis>; if we "
+"scroll vertically or horizontally in any of them, the others are updated to "
+"display the corresponding sections of their respective files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:247
+msgid "<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/kdiff3.png\"/></imageobject>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:250
+msgid "Using <command>kdiff3</command> to merge versions of a file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:255
+msgid ""
+"For each conflicting portion of the file, we can choose to resolve the "
+"conflict using some combination of text from the base version, ours, or "
+"theirs.  We can also manually edit the merged file at any time, in case we "
+"need to make further modifications."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:261
+msgid ""
+"There are <emphasis>many</emphasis> file merging tools available, too many to "
+"cover here.  They vary in which platforms they are available for, and in "
+"their particular strengths and weaknesses.  Most are tuned for merging files "
+"containing plain text, while a few are aimed at specialised file formats "
+"(generally XML)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:270
+msgid "A worked example"
+msgstr "合并实例"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:272
+msgid ""
+"In this example, we will reproduce the file modification history of figure "
+"<xref linkend=\"fig.tour-merge.conflict\"/> above.  Let's begin by creating a "
+"repository with a base version of our document."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:279
+msgid "We'll clone the repository and make a change to the file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:284
+msgid ""
+"And another clone, to simulate someone else making a change to the file. "
+"(This hints at the idea that it's not all that unusual to merge with yourself "
+"when you isolate tasks in separate repositories, and indeed to find and "
+"resolve conflicts while doing so.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:292
+msgid ""
+"Having created two different versions of the file, we'll set up an "
+"environment suitable for running our merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:298
+msgid ""
+"In this example, I won't use Mercurial's normal <command>hgmerge</command> "
+"program to do the merge, because it would drop my nice automated example-"
+"running tool into a graphical user interface.  Instead, I'll set "
+"<envar>HGMERGE</envar> to tell Mercurial to use the non-interactive "
+"<command>merge</command> command.  This is bundled with many Unix-like "
+"systems. If you're following this example on your computer, don't bother "
+"setting <envar>HGMERGE</envar>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:308
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"bold\">XXX FIX THIS EXAMPLE.</emphasis>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:313
+msgid ""
+"Because <command>merge</command> can't resolve the conflicting changes, it "
+"leaves <emphasis>merge markers</emphasis> inside the file that has conflicts, "
+"indicating which lines have conflicts, and whether they came from our version "
+"of the file or theirs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:319
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial can tell from the way <command>merge</command> exits that it wasn't "
+"able to merge successfully, so it tells us what commands we'll need to run if "
+"we want to redo the merging operation.  This could be useful if, for example, "
+"we were running a graphical merge tool and quit because we were confused or "
+"realised we had made a mistake."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:326
+msgid ""
+"If automatic or manual merges fail, there's nothing to prevent us from "
+"<quote>fixing up</quote> the affected files ourselves, and committing the "
+"results of our merge:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:335
+msgid "Simplifying the pull-merge-commit sequence"
+msgstr "简化拉-合并-提交程序"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:337
+msgid ""
+"The process of merging changes as outlined above is straightforward, but "
+"requires running three commands in sequence."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:343
+msgid ""
+"In the case of the final commit, you also need to enter a commit message, "
+"which is almost always going to be a piece of uninteresting "
+"<quote>boilerplate</quote> text."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:347
+msgid ""
+"It would be nice to reduce the number of steps needed, if this were "
+"possible.  Indeed, Mercurial is distributed with an extension called <literal "
+"role=\"hg-ext\">fetch</literal> that does just this."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:352
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial provides a flexible extension mechanism that lets people extend its "
+"functionality, while keeping the core of Mercurial small and easy to deal "
+"with.  Some extensions add new commands that you can use from the command "
+"line, while others work <quote>behind the scenes,</quote> for example adding "
+"capabilities to the server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:359
+msgid ""
+"The <literal role=\"hg-ext\">fetch</literal> extension adds a new command "
+"called, not surprisingly, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg fetch</command>.  This "
+"extension acts as a combination of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</"
+"command>, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> and <command role=\"hg-"
+"cmd\">hg merge</command>.  It begins by pulling changes from another "
+"repository into the current repository.  If it finds that the changes added a "
+"new head to the repository, it begins a merge, then commits the result of the "
+"merge with an automatically-generated commit message.  If no new heads were "
+"added, it updates the working directory to the new tip changeset."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:372
+msgid ""
+"Enabling the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">fetch</literal> extension is easy.  "
+"Edit your <filename role=\"special\">.hgrc</filename>, and either go to the "
+"<literal role=\"rc-extensions\">extensions</literal> section or create an "
+"<literal role=\"rc-extensions\">extensions</literal> section. Then add a line "
+"that simply reads <quote><literal>fetch </literal></quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch03-tour-merge.xml:382
+msgid ""
+"(Normally, on the right-hand side of the <quote><literal>=</literal></quote> "
+"would appear the location of the extension, but since the <literal role=\"hg-"
+"ext\">fetch</literal> extension is in the standard distribution, Mercurial "
+"knows where to search for it.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:5
+msgid "Behind the scenes"
+msgstr "Mercurial 内幕"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:7
+msgid ""
+"Unlike many revision control systems, the concepts upon which Mercurial is "
+"built are simple enough that it's easy to understand how the software really "
+"works.  Knowing this certainly isn't necessary, but I find it useful to have "
+"a <quote>mental model</quote> of what's going on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:13
+msgid ""
+"This understanding gives me confidence that Mercurial has been carefully "
+"designed to be both <emphasis>safe</emphasis> and <emphasis>efficient</"
+"emphasis>.  And just as importantly, if it's easy for me to retain a good "
+"idea of what the software is doing when I perform a revision control task, "
+"I'm less likely to be surprised by its behaviour."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:20
+msgid ""
+"In this chapter, we'll initially cover the core concepts behind Mercurial's "
+"design, then continue to discuss some of the interesting details of its "
+"implementation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:25
+msgid "Mercurial's historical record"
+msgstr "Mercurial 的历史记录"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:28
+msgid "Tracking the history of a single file"
+msgstr "跟踪单一文件的历史"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:30
+msgid ""
+"When Mercurial tracks modifications to a file, it stores the history of that "
+"file in a metadata object called a <emphasis>filelog</emphasis>.  Each entry "
+"in the filelog contains enough information to reconstruct one revision of the "
+"file that is being tracked.  Filelogs are stored as files in the <filename "
+"role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/store/data</filename> directory.  A "
+"filelog contains two kinds of information: revision data, and an index to "
+"help Mercurial to find a revision efficiently."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:41
+msgid ""
+"A file that is large, or has a lot of history, has its filelog stored in "
+"separate data (<quote><literal>.d</literal></quote> suffix) and index "
+"(<quote><literal>.i</literal></quote> suffix) files.  For small files without "
+"much history, the revision data and index are combined in a single "
+"<quote><literal>.i</literal></quote> file.  The correspondence between a file "
+"in the working directory and the filelog that tracks its history in the "
+"repository is illustrated in figure <xref linkend=\"fig.concepts.filelog\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:53
+msgid "<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/filelog.png\"/></imageobject>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:56
+msgid ""
+"Relationships between files in working directory and filelogs in repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:63
+msgid "Managing tracked files"
+msgstr "管理跟踪的文件"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:65
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial uses a structure called a <emphasis>manifest</emphasis> to collect "
+"together information about the files that it tracks.  Each entry in the "
+"manifest contains information about the files present in a single changeset.  "
+"An entry records which files are present in the changeset, the revision of "
+"each file, and a few other pieces of file metadata."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:75
+msgid "Recording changeset information"
+msgstr "记录修改集信息"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:77
+msgid ""
+"The <emphasis>changelog</emphasis> contains information about each "
+"changeset.  Each revision records who committed a change, the changeset "
+"comment, other pieces of changeset-related information, and the revision of "
+"the manifest to use."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:85
+msgid "Relationships between revisions"
+msgstr "版本之间的关系"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:87
+msgid ""
+"Within a changelog, a manifest, or a filelog, each revision stores a pointer "
+"to its immediate parent (or to its two parents, if it's a merge revision).  "
+"As I mentioned above, there are also relationships between revisions "
+"<emphasis>across</emphasis> these structures, and they are hierarchical in "
+"nature."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:94
+msgid ""
+"For every changeset in a repository, there is exactly one revision stored in "
+"the changelog.  Each revision of the changelog contains a pointer to a single "
+"revision of the manifest.  A revision of the manifest stores a pointer to a "
+"single revision of each filelog tracked when that changeset was created.  "
+"These relationships are illustrated in figure <xref linkend=\"fig.concepts."
+"metadata\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:103
+msgid "<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/metadata.png\"/></imageobject>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:105
+msgid "Metadata relationships"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:110
+msgid ""
+"As the illustration shows, there is <emphasis>not</emphasis> a <quote>one to "
+"one</quote> relationship between revisions in the changelog, manifest, or "
+"filelog. If the manifest hasn't changed between two changesets, the changelog "
+"entries for those changesets will point to the same revision of the "
+"manifest.  If a file that Mercurial tracks hasn't changed between two "
+"changesets, the entry for that file in the two revisions of the manifest will "
+"point to the same revision of its filelog."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:123
+msgid "Safe, efficient storage"
+msgstr "安全，高效的存储"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:125
+msgid ""
+"The underpinnings of changelogs, manifests, and filelogs are provided by a "
+"single structure called the <emphasis>revlog</emphasis>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:130
+msgid "Efficient storage"
+msgstr "高效存储"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:132
+msgid ""
+"The revlog provides efficient storage of revisions using a <emphasis>delta</"
+"emphasis> mechanism.  Instead of storing a complete copy of a file for each "
+"revision, it stores the changes needed to transform an older revision into "
+"the new revision.  For many kinds of file data, these deltas are typically a "
+"fraction of a percent of the size of a full copy of a file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:140
+msgid ""
+"Some obsolete revision control systems can only work with deltas of text "
+"files.  They must either store binary files as complete snapshots or encoded "
+"into a text representation, both of which are wasteful approaches.  Mercurial "
+"can efficiently handle deltas of files with arbitrary binary contents; it "
+"doesn't need to treat text as special."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:149
+msgid "Safe operation"
+msgstr "安全操作"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:151
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial only ever <emphasis>appends</emphasis> data to the end of a revlog "
+"file. It never modifies a section of a file after it has written it.  This is "
+"both more robust and efficient than schemes that need to modify or rewrite "
+"data."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:157
+msgid ""
+"In addition, Mercurial treats every write as part of a <emphasis>transaction</"
+"emphasis> that can span a number of files.  A transaction is "
+"<emphasis>atomic</emphasis>: either the entire transaction succeeds and its "
+"effects are all visible to readers in one go, or the whole thing is undone.  "
+"This guarantee of atomicity means that if you're running two copies of "
+"Mercurial, where one is reading data and one is writing it, the reader will "
+"never see a partially written result that might confuse it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:167
+msgid ""
+"The fact that Mercurial only appends to files makes it easier to provide this "
+"transactional guarantee.  The easier it is to do stuff like this, the more "
+"confident you should be that it's done correctly."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:174
+msgid "Fast retrieval"
+msgstr "快速检索"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:176
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial cleverly avoids a pitfall common to all earlier revision control "
+"systems: the problem of <emphasis>inefficient retrieval</emphasis>. Most "
+"revision control systems store the contents of a revision as an incremental "
+"series of modifications against a <quote>snapshot</quote>.  To reconstruct a "
+"specific revision, you must first read the snapshot, and then every one of "
+"the revisions between the snapshot and your target revision.  The more "
+"history that a file accumulates, the more revisions you must read, hence the "
+"longer it takes to reconstruct a particular revision."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:188
+msgid "<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/snapshot.png\"/></imageobject>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:190
+msgid "Snapshot of a revlog, with incremental deltas"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:195
+msgid ""
+"The innovation that Mercurial applies to this problem is simple but "
+"effective.  Once the cumulative amount of delta information stored since the "
+"last snapshot exceeds a fixed threshold, it stores a new snapshot "
+"(compressed, of course), instead of another delta.  This makes it possible to "
+"reconstruct <emphasis>any</emphasis> revision of a file quickly.  This "
+"approach works so well that it has since been copied by several other "
+"revision control systems."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:204
+msgid ""
+"Figure <xref linkend=\"fig.concepts.snapshot\"/> illustrates the idea.  In an "
+"entry in a revlog's index file, Mercurial stores the range of entries from "
+"the data file that it must read to reconstruct a particular revision."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:210
+msgid "Aside: the influence of video compression"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:212
+msgid ""
+"If you're familiar with video compression or have ever watched a TV feed "
+"through a digital cable or satellite service, you may know that most video "
+"compression schemes store each frame of video as a delta against its "
+"predecessor frame.  In addition, these schemes use <quote>lossy</quote> "
+"compression techniques to increase the compression ratio, so visual errors "
+"accumulate over the course of a number of inter-frame deltas."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:221
+msgid ""
+"Because it's possible for a video stream to <quote>drop out</quote> "
+"occasionally due to signal glitches, and to limit the accumulation of "
+"artefacts introduced by the lossy compression process, video encoders "
+"periodically insert a complete frame (called a <quote>key frame</quote>) into "
+"the video stream; the next delta is generated against that frame.  This means "
+"that if the video signal gets interrupted, it will resume once the next key "
+"frame is received.  Also, the accumulation of encoding errors restarts anew "
+"with each key frame."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:235
+msgid "Identification and strong integrity"
+msgstr "鉴别和强完整性"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:237
+msgid ""
+"Along with delta or snapshot information, a revlog entry contains a "
+"cryptographic hash of the data that it represents.  This makes it difficult "
+"to forge the contents of a revision, and easy to detect accidental corruption."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:242
+msgid ""
+"Hashes provide more than a mere check against corruption; they are used as "
+"the identifiers for revisions.  The changeset identification hashes that you "
+"see as an end user are from revisions of the changelog.  Although filelogs "
+"and the manifest also use hashes, Mercurial only uses these behind the scenes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:249
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial verifies that hashes are correct when it retrieves file revisions "
+"and when it pulls changes from another repository.  If it encounters an "
+"integrity problem, it will complain and stop whatever it's doing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:254
+msgid ""
+"In addition to the effect it has on retrieval efficiency, Mercurial's use of "
+"periodic snapshots makes it more robust against partial data corruption.  If "
+"a revlog becomes partly corrupted due to a hardware error or system bug, it's "
+"often possible to reconstruct some or most revisions from the uncorrupted "
+"sections of the revlog, both before and after the corrupted section.  This "
+"would not be possible with a delta-only storage model."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:266
+msgid "Revision history, branching, and merging"
+msgstr "修订历史，分支与合并"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:268
+msgid ""
+"Every entry in a Mercurial revlog knows the identity of its immediate "
+"ancestor revision, usually referred to as its <emphasis>parent</emphasis>.  "
+"In fact, a revision contains room for not one parent, but two.  Mercurial "
+"uses a special hash, called the <quote>null ID</quote>, to represent the idea "
+"<quote>there is no parent here</quote>.  This hash is simply a string of "
+"zeroes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:276
+msgid ""
+"In figure <xref linkend=\"fig.concepts.revlog\"/>, you can see an example of "
+"the conceptual structure of a revlog.  Filelogs, manifests, and changelogs "
+"all have this same structure; they differ only in the kind of data stored in "
+"each delta or snapshot."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:282
+msgid ""
+"The first revision in a revlog (at the bottom of the image)  has the null ID "
+"in both of its parent slots.  For a <quote>normal</quote> revision, its first "
+"parent slot contains the ID of its parent revision, and its second contains "
+"the null ID, indicating that the revision has only one real parent.  Any two "
+"revisions that have the same parent ID are branches.  A revision that "
+"represents a merge between branches has two normal revision IDs in its parent "
+"slots."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><informalfigure><mediaobject>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:292
+msgid "<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/revlog.png\"/></imageobject>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:299
+msgid "The working directory"
+msgstr "工作目录"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:301
+msgid ""
+"In the working directory, Mercurial stores a snapshot of the files from the "
+"repository as of a particular changeset."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:304
+msgid ""
+"The working directory <quote>knows</quote> which changeset it contains.  When "
+"you update the working directory to contain a particular changeset, Mercurial "
+"looks up the appropriate revision of the manifest to find out which files it "
+"was tracking at the time that changeset was committed, and which revision of "
+"each file was then current.  It then recreates a copy of each of those files, "
+"with the same contents it had when the changeset was committed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:313
+msgid ""
+"The <emphasis>dirstate</emphasis> contains Mercurial's knowledge of the "
+"working directory.  This details which changeset the working directory is "
+"updated to, and all of the files that Mercurial is tracking in the working "
+"directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:319
+msgid ""
+"Just as a revision of a revlog has room for two parents, so that it can "
+"represent either a normal revision (with one parent)  or a merge of two "
+"earlier revisions, the dirstate has slots for two parents.  When you use the "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> command, the changeset that you "
+"update to is stored in the <quote>first parent</quote> slot, and the null ID "
+"in the second. When you <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</command> with "
+"another changeset, the first parent remains unchanged, and the second parent "
+"is filled in with the changeset you're merging with.  The <command role=\"hg-"
+"cmd\">hg parents</command> command tells you what the parents of the dirstate "
+"are."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:333
+msgid "What happens when you commit"
+msgstr "当你提交时发生的事情"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:335
+msgid ""
+"The dirstate stores parent information for more than just book-keeping "
+"purposes.  Mercurial uses the parents of the dirstate as <emphasis>the "
+"parents of a new changeset</emphasis> when you perform a commit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:341
+msgid "<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/wdir.png\"/></imageobject>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:343
+msgid "The working directory can have two parents"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:348
+msgid ""
+"Figure <xref linkend=\"fig.concepts.wdir\"/> shows the normal state of the "
+"working directory, where it has a single changeset as parent.  That changeset "
+"is the <emphasis>tip</emphasis>, the newest changeset in the repository that "
+"has no children."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:355
+msgid ""
+"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/wdir-after-commit.png\"/></"
+"imageobject>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:357
+msgid "The working directory gains new parents after a commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:362
+msgid ""
+"It's useful to think of the working directory as <quote>the changeset I'm "
+"about to commit</quote>.  Any files that you tell Mercurial that you've "
+"added, removed, renamed, or copied will be reflected in that changeset, as "
+"will modifications to any files that Mercurial is already tracking; the new "
+"changeset will have the parents of the working directory as its parents."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:370
+msgid ""
+"After a commit, Mercurial will update the parents of the working directory, "
+"so that the first parent is the ID of the new changeset, and the second is "
+"the null ID.  This is shown in figure <xref linkend=\"fig.concepts.wdir-after-"
+"commit\"/>.  Mercurial doesn't touch any of the files in the working "
+"directory when you commit; it just modifies the dirstate to note its new "
+"parents."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:381
+msgid "Creating a new head"
+msgstr "创建新顶点"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:383
+msgid ""
+"It's perfectly normal to update the working directory to a changeset other "
+"than the current tip.  For example, you might want to know what your project "
+"looked like last Tuesday, or you could be looking through changesets to see "
+"which one introduced a bug.  In cases like this, the natural thing to do is "
+"update the working directory to the changeset you're interested in, and then "
+"examine the files in the working directory directly to see their contents as "
+"they were when you committed that changeset.  The effect of this is shown in "
+"figure <xref linkend=\"fig.concepts.wdir-pre-branch\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:395
+msgid ""
+"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/wdir-pre-branch.png\"/></imageobject>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:397
+msgid "The working directory, updated to an older changeset"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:402
+msgid ""
+"Having updated the working directory to an older changeset, what happens if "
+"you make some changes, and then commit? Mercurial behaves in the same way as "
+"I outlined above.  The parents of the working directory become the parents of "
+"the new changeset.  This new changeset has no children, so it becomes the new "
+"tip.  And the repository now contains two changesets that have no children; "
+"we call these <emphasis>heads</emphasis>.  You can see the structure that "
+"this creates in figure <xref linkend=\"fig.concepts.wdir-branch\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:414
+msgid ""
+"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/wdir-branch.png\"/></imageobject>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:416
+msgid "After a commit made while synced to an older changeset"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:422
+msgid ""
+"If you're new to Mercurial, you should keep in mind a common <quote>error</"
+"quote>, which is to use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> "
+"command without any options.  By default, the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"pull</command> command <emphasis>does not</emphasis> update the working "
+"directory, so you'll bring new changesets into your repository, but the "
+"working directory will stay synced at the same changeset as before the pull.  "
+"If you make some changes and commit afterwards, you'll thus create a new "
+"head, because your working directory isn't synced to whatever the current tip "
+"is."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:434
+msgid ""
+"I put the word <quote>error</quote> in quotes because all that you need to do "
+"to rectify this situation is <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</command>, "
+"then <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command>.  In other words, this "
+"almost never has negative consequences; it just surprises people.  I'll "
+"discuss other ways to avoid this behaviour, and why Mercurial behaves in this "
+"initially surprising way, later on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:446
+msgid "Merging heads"
+msgstr "合并顶点"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:448
+msgid ""
+"When you run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</command> command, "
+"Mercurial leaves the first parent of the working directory unchanged, and "
+"sets the second parent to the changeset you're merging with, as shown in "
+"figure <xref linkend=\"fig.concepts.wdir-merge\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:455
+msgid ""
+"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/wdir-merge.png\"/></imageobject>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:457
+msgid "Merging two heads"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:461
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial also has to modify the working directory, to merge the files "
+"managed in the two changesets.  Simplified a little, the merging process goes "
+"like this, for every file in the manifests of both changesets."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:466
+msgid "If neither changeset has modified a file, do nothing with that file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:469
+msgid ""
+"If one changeset has modified a file, and the other hasn't, create the "
+"modified copy of the file in the working directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:473
+msgid ""
+"If one changeset has removed a file, and the other hasn't (or has also "
+"deleted it), delete the file from the working directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:477
+msgid ""
+"If one changeset has removed a file, but the other has modified the file, ask "
+"the user what to do: keep the modified file, or remove it?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:481
+msgid ""
+"If both changesets have modified a file, invoke an external merge program to "
+"choose the new contents for the merged file.  This may require input from the "
+"user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:486
+msgid ""
+"If one changeset has modified a file, and the other has renamed or copied the "
+"file, make sure that the changes follow the new name of the file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:490
+msgid ""
+"There are more details&emdash;merging has plenty of corner cases&emdash;but "
+"these are the most common choices that are involved in a merge.  As you can "
+"see, most cases are completely automatic, and indeed most merges finish "
+"automatically, without requiring your input to resolve any conflicts."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:497
+msgid ""
+"When you're thinking about what happens when you commit after a merge, once "
+"again the working directory is <quote>the changeset I'm about to commit</"
+"quote>.  After the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</command> command "
+"completes, the working directory has two parents; these will become the "
+"parents of the new changeset."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:504
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial lets you perform multiple merges, but you must commit the results "
+"of each individual merge as you go.  This is necessary because Mercurial only "
+"tracks two parents for both revisions and the working directory.  While it "
+"would be technically possible to merge multiple changesets at once, the "
+"prospect of user confusion and making a terrible mess of a merge immediately "
+"becomes overwhelming."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:515
+msgid "Other interesting design features"
+msgstr "其它有趣的设计特性"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:517
+msgid ""
+"In the sections above, I've tried to highlight some of the most important "
+"aspects of Mercurial's design, to illustrate that it pays careful attention "
+"to reliability and performance.  However, the attention to detail doesn't "
+"stop there.  There are a number of other aspects of Mercurial's construction "
+"that I personally find interesting.  I'll detail a few of them here, separate "
+"from the <quote>big ticket</quote> items above, so that if you're interested, "
+"you can gain a better idea of the amount of thinking that goes into a well-"
+"designed system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:528
+msgid "Clever compression"
+msgstr "智能压缩"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:530
+msgid ""
+"When appropriate, Mercurial will store both snapshots and deltas in "
+"compressed form.  It does this by always <emphasis>trying to</emphasis> "
+"compress a snapshot or delta, but only storing the compressed version if it's "
+"smaller than the uncompressed version."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:536
+msgid ""
+"This means that Mercurial does <quote>the right thing</quote> when storing a "
+"file whose native form is compressed, such as a <literal>zip</literal> "
+"archive or a JPEG image.  When these types of files are compressed a second "
+"time, the resulting file is usually bigger than the once-compressed form, and "
+"so Mercurial will store the plain <literal>zip</literal> or JPEG."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:544
+msgid ""
+"Deltas between revisions of a compressed file are usually larger than "
+"snapshots of the file, and Mercurial again does <quote>the right thing</"
+"quote> in these cases.  It finds that such a delta exceeds the threshold at "
+"which it should store a complete snapshot of the file, so it stores the "
+"snapshot, again saving space compared to a naive delta-only approach."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:553
+msgid "Network recompression"
+msgstr "网络重新压缩"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:555
+msgid ""
+"When storing revisions on disk, Mercurial uses the <quote>deflate</quote> "
+"compression algorithm (the same one used by the popular <literal>zip</"
+"literal> archive format), which balances good speed with a respectable "
+"compression ratio.  However, when transmitting revision data over a network "
+"connection, Mercurial uncompresses the compressed revision data."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:563
+msgid ""
+"If the connection is over HTTP, Mercurial recompresses the entire stream of "
+"data using a compression algorithm that gives a better compression ratio (the "
+"Burrows-Wheeler algorithm from the widely used <literal>bzip2</literal> "
+"compression package).  This combination of algorithm and compression of the "
+"entire stream (instead of a revision at a time) substantially reduces the "
+"number of bytes to be transferred, yielding better network performance over "
+"almost all kinds of network."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:573
+msgid ""
+"(If the connection is over <command>ssh</command>, Mercurial "
+"<emphasis>doesn't</emphasis> recompress the stream, because <command>ssh</"
+"command> can already do this itself.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:581
+msgid "Read/write ordering and atomicity"
+msgstr "读写顺序与原子性"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:583
+msgid ""
+"Appending to files isn't the whole story when it comes to guaranteeing that a "
+"reader won't see a partial write.  If you recall figure <xref linkend=\"fig."
+"concepts.metadata\"/>, revisions in the changelog point to revisions in the "
+"manifest, and revisions in the manifest point to revisions in filelogs.  This "
+"hierarchy is deliberate."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:591
+msgid ""
+"A writer starts a transaction by writing filelog and manifest data, and "
+"doesn't write any changelog data until those are finished.  A reader starts "
+"by reading changelog data, then manifest data, followed by filelog data."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:596
+msgid ""
+"Since the writer has always finished writing filelog and manifest data before "
+"it writes to the changelog, a reader will never read a pointer to a partially "
+"written manifest revision from the changelog, and it will never read a "
+"pointer to a partially written filelog revision from the manifest."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:604
+msgid "Concurrent access"
+msgstr "并发访问"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:606
+msgid ""
+"The read/write ordering and atomicity guarantees mean that Mercurial never "
+"needs to <emphasis>lock</emphasis> a repository when it's reading data, even "
+"if the repository is being written to while the read is occurring. This has a "
+"big effect on scalability; you can have an arbitrary number of Mercurial "
+"processes safely reading data from a repository safely all at once, no matter "
+"whether it's being written to or not."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:615
+msgid ""
+"The lockless nature of reading means that if you're sharing a repository on a "
+"multi-user system, you don't need to grant other local users permission to "
+"<emphasis>write</emphasis> to your repository in order for them to be able to "
+"clone it or pull changes from it; they only need <emphasis>read</emphasis> "
+"permission.  (This is <emphasis>not</emphasis> a common feature among "
+"revision control systems, so don't take it for granted! Most require readers "
+"to be able to lock a repository to access it safely, and this requires write "
+"permission on at least one directory, which of course makes for all kinds of "
+"nasty and annoying security and administrative problems.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:628
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial uses locks to ensure that only one process can write to a "
+"repository at a time (the locking mechanism is safe even over filesystems "
+"that are notoriously hostile to locking, such as NFS).  If a repository is "
+"locked, a writer will wait for a while to retry if the repository becomes "
+"unlocked, but if the repository remains locked for too long, the process "
+"attempting to write will time out after a while. This means that your daily "
+"automated scripts won't get stuck forever and pile up if a system crashes "
+"unnoticed, for example.  (Yes, the timeout is configurable, from zero to "
+"infinity.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:640
+msgid "Safe dirstate access"
+msgstr "安全的目录状态访问"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:642
+msgid ""
+"As with revision data, Mercurial doesn't take a lock to read the dirstate "
+"file; it does acquire a lock to write it.  To avoid the possibility of "
+"reading a partially written copy of the dirstate file, Mercurial writes to a "
+"file with a unique name in the same directory as the dirstate file, then "
+"renames the temporary file atomically to <filename>dirstate</filename>.  The "
+"file named <filename>dirstate</filename> is thus guaranteed to be complete, "
+"not partially written."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:655
+msgid "Avoiding seeks"
+msgstr "避免查找"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:657
+msgid ""
+"Critical to Mercurial's performance is the avoidance of seeks of the disk "
+"head, since any seek is far more expensive than even a comparatively large "
+"read operation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:661
+msgid ""
+"This is why, for example, the dirstate is stored in a single file.  If there "
+"were a dirstate file per directory that Mercurial tracked, the disk would "
+"seek once per directory.  Instead, Mercurial reads the entire single dirstate "
+"file in one step."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:667
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial also uses a <quote>copy on write</quote> scheme when cloning a "
+"repository on local storage.  Instead of copying every revlog file from the "
+"old repository into the new repository, it makes a <quote>hard link</quote>, "
+"which is a shorthand way to say <quote>these two names point to the same "
+"file</quote>.  When Mercurial is about to write to one of a revlog's files, "
+"it checks to see if the number of names pointing at the file is greater than "
+"one.  If it is, more than one repository is using the file, so Mercurial "
+"makes a new copy of the file that is private to this repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:678
+msgid ""
+"A few revision control developers have pointed out that this idea of making a "
+"complete private copy of a file is not very efficient in its use of storage.  "
+"While this is true, storage is cheap, and this method gives the highest "
+"performance while deferring most book-keeping to the operating system.  An "
+"alternative scheme would most likely reduce performance and increase the "
+"complexity of the software, each of which is much more important to the "
+"<quote>feel</quote> of day-to-day use."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:690
+msgid "Other contents of the dirstate"
+msgstr "目录状态的其它内容"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:692
+msgid ""
+"Because Mercurial doesn't force you to tell it when you're modifying a file, "
+"it uses the dirstate to store some extra information so it can determine "
+"efficiently whether you have modified a file.  For each file in the working "
+"directory, it stores the time that it last modified the file itself, and the "
+"size of the file at that time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:699
+msgid ""
+"When you explicitly <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command>, <command role="
+"\"hg-cmd\">hg remove</command>, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rename</command> "
+"or <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command> files, Mercurial updates the "
+"dirstate so that it knows what to do with those files when you commit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch04-concepts.xml:706
+msgid ""
+"When Mercurial is checking the states of files in the working directory, it "
+"first checks a file's modification time.  If that has not changed, the file "
+"must not have been modified.  If the file's size has changed, the file must "
+"have been modified.  If the modification time has changed, but the size has "
+"not, only then does Mercurial need to read the actual contents of the file to "
+"see if they've changed. Storing these few extra pieces of information "
+"dramatically reduces the amount of data that Mercurial needs to read, which "
+"yields large performance improvements compared to other revision control "
+"systems."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:5
+msgid "Mercurial in daily use"
+msgstr "Mercurial 的日常使用"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:8
+msgid "Telling Mercurial which files to track"
+msgstr "告诉 Mercurial 要跟踪哪些文件"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:10
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial does not work with files in your repository unless you tell it to "
+"manage them.  The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> command will "
+"tell you which files Mercurial doesn't know about; it uses a <quote><literal>?"
+"</literal></quote> to display such files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:17
+msgid ""
+"To tell Mercurial to track a file, use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</"
+"command> command.  Once you have added a file, the entry in the output of "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> for that file changes from "
+"<quote><literal>?</literal></quote> to <quote><literal>A</literal></quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:26
+msgid ""
+"After you run a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command>, the files that "
+"you added before the commit will no longer be listed in the output of "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command>.  The reason for this is that "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> only tells you about "
+"<quote>interesting</quote> files&emdash;those that you have modified or told "
+"Mercurial to do something with&emdash;by default.  If you have a repository "
+"that contains thousands of files, you will rarely want to know about files "
+"that Mercurial is tracking, but that have not changed.  (You can still get "
+"this information; we'll return to this later.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:38
+msgid ""
+"Once you add a file, Mercurial doesn't do anything with it immediately.  "
+"Instead, it will take a snapshot of the file's state the next time you "
+"perform a commit.  It will then continue to track the changes you make to the "
+"file every time you commit, until you remove the file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:45
+msgid "Explicit versus implicit file naming"
+msgstr "明确与隐含文件命名"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:47
+msgid ""
+"A useful behaviour that Mercurial has is that if you pass the name of a "
+"directory to a command, every Mercurial command will treat this as <quote>I "
+"want to operate on every file in this directory and its subdirectories</"
+"quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:54
+msgid ""
+"Notice in this example that Mercurial printed the names of the files it "
+"added, whereas it didn't do so when we added the file named <filename>a</"
+"filename> in the earlier example."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:59
+msgid ""
+"What's going on is that in the former case, we explicitly named the file to "
+"add on the command line, so the assumption that Mercurial makes in such cases "
+"is that you know what you were doing, and it doesn't print any output."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:64
+msgid ""
+"However, when we <emphasis>imply</emphasis> the names of files by giving the "
+"name of a directory, Mercurial takes the extra step of printing the name of "
+"each file that it does something with.  This makes it more clear what is "
+"happening, and reduces the likelihood of a silent and nasty surprise.  This "
+"behaviour is common to most Mercurial commands."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:73
+msgid "Aside: Mercurial tracks files, not directories"
+msgstr "旁白: Mercurial 只跟踪文件，不跟踪目录"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:75
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial does not track directory information.  Instead, it tracks the path "
+"to a file.  Before creating a file, it first creates any missing directory "
+"components of the path.  After it deletes a file, it then deletes any empty "
+"directories that were in the deleted file's path.  This sounds like a trivial "
+"distinction, but it has one minor practical consequence: it is not possible "
+"to represent a completely empty directory in Mercurial."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:84
+msgid ""
+"Empty directories are rarely useful, and there are unintrusive workarounds "
+"that you can use to achieve an appropriate effect.  The developers of "
+"Mercurial thus felt that the complexity that would be required to manage "
+"empty directories was not worth the limited benefit this feature would bring."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:91
+msgid ""
+"If you need an empty directory in your repository, there are a few ways to "
+"achieve this. One is to create a directory, then <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"add</command> a <quote>hidden</quote> file to that directory.  On Unix-like "
+"systems, any file name that begins with a period (<quote><literal>.</"
+"literal></quote>) is treated as hidden by most commands and GUI tools.  This "
+"approach is illustrated below."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:102
+msgid ""
+"Another way to tackle a need for an empty directory is to simply create one "
+"in your automated build scripts before they will need it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:109
+msgid "How to stop tracking a file"
+msgstr "如何停止跟踪文件"
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:111
+msgid ""
+"Once you decide that a file no longer belongs in your repository, use the "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg remove</command> command; this deletes the file, "
+"and tells Mercurial to stop tracking it.  A removed file is represented in "
+"the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> with a "
+"<quote><literal>R</literal></quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:120
+msgid ""
+"After you <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg remove</command> a file, Mercurial will "
+"no longer track changes to that file, even if you recreate a file with the "
+"same name in your working directory.  If you do recreate a file with the same "
+"name and want Mercurial to track the new file, simply <command role=\"hg-cmd"
+"\">hg add</command> it. Mercurial will know that the newly added file is not "
+"related to the old file of the same name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:129
+msgid "Removing a file does not affect its history"
+msgstr "删除文件不影响历史"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:131
+msgid "It is important to understand that removing a file has only two effects."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:134
+msgid "It removes the current version of the file from the working directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:137
+msgid ""
+"It stops Mercurial from tracking changes to the file, from the time of the "
+"next commit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:140
+msgid ""
+"Removing a file <emphasis>does not</emphasis> in any way alter the "
+"<emphasis>history</emphasis> of the file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:143
+msgid ""
+"If you update the working directory to a changeset in which a file that you "
+"have removed was still tracked, it will reappear in the working directory, "
+"with the contents it had when you committed that changeset.  If you then "
+"update the working directory to a later changeset, in which the file had been "
+"removed, Mercurial will once again remove the file from the working directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:153
+msgid "Missing files"
+msgstr "丢失的文件"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:155
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial considers a file that you have deleted, but not used <command role="
+"\"hg-cmd\">hg remove</command> to delete, to be <emphasis>missing</"
+"emphasis>.  A missing file is represented with <quote><literal>!</literal></"
+"quote> in the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command>.  "
+"Mercurial commands will not generally do anything with missing files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:165
+msgid ""
+"If your repository contains a file that <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</"
+"command> reports as missing, and you want the file to stay gone, you can run "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg remove <option role=\"hg-opt-remove\">--after</"
+"option></command> at any time later on, to tell Mercurial that you really did "
+"mean to remove the file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:175
+msgid ""
+"On the other hand, if you deleted the missing file by accident, give <command "
+"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg revert</command> the name of the file to recover.  It will "
+"reappear, in unmodified form."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:184
+msgid "Aside: why tell Mercurial explicitly to remove a file?"
+msgstr "旁白: 为什么要明确告诉 Mercurial 删除文件?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:187
+msgid ""
+"You might wonder why Mercurial requires you to explicitly tell it that you "
+"are deleting a file.  Early during the development of Mercurial, it let you "
+"delete a file however you pleased; Mercurial would notice the absence of the "
+"file automatically when you next ran a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</"
+"command>, and stop tracking the file.  In practice, this made it too easy to "
+"accidentally remove a file without noticing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:198
+msgid "Useful shorthand&emdash;adding and removing files in one step"
+msgstr "有用的速记&emdash;一个步骤添加和删除文件"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:201
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial offers a combination command, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"addremove</command>, that adds untracked files and marks missing files as "
+"removed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:207
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> command also provides a "
+"<option role=\"hg-opt-commit\">-A</option> option that performs this same add-"
+"and-remove, immediately followed by a commit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:217
+msgid "Copying files"
+msgstr "复制文件"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:219
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial provides a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command> command that "
+"lets you make a new copy of a file.  When you copy a file using this command, "
+"Mercurial makes a record of the fact that the new file is a copy of the "
+"original file.  It treats these copied files specially when you merge your "
+"work with someone else's."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:227
+msgid "The results of copying during a merge"
+msgstr "合并期间的复制结果"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:229
+msgid ""
+"What happens during a merge is that changes <quote>follow</quote> a copy.  To "
+"best illustrate what this means, let's create an example.  We'll start with "
+"the usual tiny repository that contains a single file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:236
+msgid ""
+"We need to do some work in parallel, so that we'll have something to merge.  "
+"So let's clone our repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:242
+msgid ""
+"Back in our initial repository, let's use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"copy</command> command to make a copy of the first file we created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:248
+msgid ""
+"If we look at the output of the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> "
+"command afterwards, the copied file looks just like a normal added file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:254
+msgid ""
+"But if we pass the <option role=\"hg-opt-status\">-C</option> option to "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command>, it prints another line of "
+"output: this is the file that our newly-added file was copied <emphasis>from</"
+"emphasis>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:262
+msgid ""
+"Now, back in the repository we cloned, let's make a change in parallel.  "
+"We'll add a line of content to the original file that we created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:268
+msgid ""
+"Now we have a modified <filename>file</filename> in this repository.  When we "
+"pull the changes from the first repository, and merge the two heads, "
+"Mercurial will propagate the changes that we made locally to <filename>file</"
+"filename> into its copy, <filename>new-file</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:278
+msgid "Why should changes follow copies?"
+msgstr "为什么复制后需要后续修改?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:280
+msgid ""
+"This behaviour, of changes to a file propagating out to copies of the file, "
+"might seem esoteric, but in most cases it's highly desirable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:284
+msgid ""
+"First of all, remember that this propagation <emphasis>only</emphasis> "
+"happens when you merge.  So if you <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command> "
+"a file, and subsequently modify the original file during the normal course of "
+"your work, nothing will happen."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:290
+msgid ""
+"The second thing to know is that modifications will only propagate across a "
+"copy as long as the repository that you're pulling changes from "
+"<emphasis>doesn't know</emphasis> about the copy."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:295
+msgid ""
+"The reason that Mercurial does this is as follows.  Let's say I make an "
+"important bug fix in a source file, and commit my changes. Meanwhile, you've "
+"decided to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command> the file in your "
+"repository, without knowing about the bug or having seen the fix, and you "
+"have started hacking on your copy of the file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:302
+msgid ""
+"If you pulled and merged my changes, and Mercurial <emphasis>didn't</"
+"emphasis> propagate changes across copies, your source file would now contain "
+"the bug, and unless you remembered to propagate the bug fix by hand, the bug "
+"would <emphasis>remain</emphasis> in your copy of the file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:308
+msgid ""
+"By automatically propagating the change that fixed the bug from the original "
+"file to the copy, Mercurial prevents this class of problem. To my knowledge, "
+"Mercurial is the <emphasis>only</emphasis> revision control system that "
+"propagates changes across copies like this."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:314
+msgid ""
+"Once your change history has a record that the copy and subsequent merge "
+"occurred, there's usually no further need to propagate changes from the "
+"original file to the copied file, and that's why Mercurial only propagates "
+"changes across copies until this point, and no further."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:322
+msgid "How to make changes <emphasis>not</emphasis> follow a copy"
+msgstr "如何让复制后<emphasis>不</emphasis>修改?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:325
+msgid ""
+"If, for some reason, you decide that this business of automatically "
+"propagating changes across copies is not for you, simply use your system's "
+"normal file copy command (on Unix-like systems, that's <command>cp</command>) "
+"to make a copy of a file, then <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command> the "
+"new copy by hand.  Before you do so, though, please do reread section <xref "
+"linkend=\"sec.daily.why-copy\"/>, and make an informed decision that this "
+"behaviour is not appropriate to your specific case."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:338
+msgid "Behaviour of the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command> command"
+msgstr "命令 <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command> 的特性"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:341
+msgid ""
+"When you use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command> command, "
+"Mercurial makes a copy of each source file as it currently stands in the "
+"working directory.  This means that if you make some modifications to a file, "
+"then <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command> it without first having "
+"committed those changes, the new copy will also contain the modifications you "
+"have made up until that point.  (I find this behaviour a little "
+"counterintuitive, which is why I mention it here.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:351
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command> command acts similarly to the "
+"Unix <command>cp</command> command (you can use the <command role=\"hg-cmd"
+"\">hg cp</command> alias if you prefer).  The last argument is the "
+"<emphasis>destination</emphasis>, and all prior arguments are "
+"<emphasis>sources</emphasis>.  If you pass it a single file as the source, "
+"and the destination does not exist, it creates a new file with that name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:362
+msgid ""
+"If the destination is a directory, Mercurial copies its sources into that "
+"directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:367
+msgid ""
+"Copying a directory is recursive, and preserves the directory structure of "
+"the source."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:373
+msgid ""
+"If the source and destination are both directories, the source tree is "
+"recreated in the destination directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:378
+msgid ""
+"As with the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rename</command> command, if you copy "
+"a file manually and then want Mercurial to know that you've copied the file, "
+"simply use the <option role=\"hg-opt-copy\">--after</option> option to "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:389
+msgid "Renaming files"
+msgstr "改名文件"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:391
+msgid ""
+"It's rather more common to need to rename a file than to make a copy of it.  "
+"The reason I discussed the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command> command "
+"before talking about renaming files is that Mercurial treats a rename in "
+"essentially the same way as a copy.  Therefore, knowing what Mercurial does "
+"when you copy a file tells you what to expect when you rename a file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:399
+msgid ""
+"When you use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rename</command> command, "
+"Mercurial makes a copy of each source file, then deletes it and marks the "
+"file as removed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:405
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> command shows the newly "
+"copied file as added, and the copied-from file as removed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:411
+msgid ""
+"As with the results of a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command>, we must "
+"use the <option role=\"hg-opt-status\">-C</option> option to <command role="
+"\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> to see that the added file is really being "
+"tracked by Mercurial as a copy of the original, now removed, file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:420
+msgid ""
+"As with <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg remove</command> and <command role=\"hg-"
+"cmd\">hg copy</command>, you can tell Mercurial about a rename after the fact "
+"using the <option role=\"hg-opt-rename\">--after</option> option.  In most "
+"other respects, the behaviour of the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rename</"
+"command> command, and the options it accepts, are similar to the <command "
+"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command> command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:430
+msgid "Renaming files and merging changes"
+msgstr "改名文件与合并修改"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:432
+msgid ""
+"Since Mercurial's rename is implemented as copy-and-remove, the same "
+"propagation of changes happens when you merge after a rename as after a copy."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:436
+msgid ""
+"If I modify a file, and you rename it to a new name, and then we merge our "
+"respective changes, my modifications to the file under its original name will "
+"be propagated into the file under its new name. (This is something you might "
+"expect to <quote>simply work,</quote> but not all revision control systems "
+"actually do this.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:443
+msgid ""
+"Whereas having changes follow a copy is a feature where you can perhaps nod "
+"and say <quote>yes, that might be useful,</quote> it should be clear that "
+"having them follow a rename is definitely important.  Without this facility, "
+"it would simply be too easy for changes to become orphaned when files are "
+"renamed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:452
+msgid "Divergent renames and merging"
+msgstr "改名与合并的分歧"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:454
+msgid ""
+"The case of diverging names occurs when two developers start with a "
+"file&emdash;let's call it <filename>foo</filename>&emdash;in their respective "
+"repositories."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:461
+msgid "Anne renames the file to <filename>bar</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:465
+msgid "Meanwhile, Bob renames it to <filename>quux</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:470
+msgid ""
+"I like to think of this as a conflict because each developer has expressed "
+"different intentions about what the file ought to be named."
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:474
+msgid ""
+"What do you think should happen when they merge their work? Mercurial's "
+"actual behaviour is that it always preserves <emphasis>both</emphasis> names "
+"when it merges changesets that contain divergent renames."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:481
+msgid ""
+"Notice that Mercurial does warn about the divergent renames, but it leaves it "
+"up to you to do something about the divergence after the merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:487
+msgid "Convergent renames and merging"
+msgstr "收敛改名与合并"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:489
+msgid ""
+"Another kind of rename conflict occurs when two people choose to rename "
+"different <emphasis>source</emphasis> files to the same "
+"<emphasis>destination</emphasis>. In this case, Mercurial runs its normal "
+"merge machinery, and lets you guide it to a suitable resolution."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:497
+msgid "Other name-related corner cases"
+msgstr "其它名称相关的角落"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:499
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial has a longstanding bug in which it fails to handle a merge where "
+"one side has a file with a given name, while another has a directory with the "
+"same name.  This is documented as <ulink role=\"hg-bug\" url=\"http://www."
+"selenic.com/mercurial/bts/issue29\">issue 29</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:511
+msgid "Recovering from mistakes"
+msgstr "从错误恢复"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:513
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial has some useful commands that will help you to recover from some "
+"common mistakes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:516
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg revert</command> command lets you undo "
+"changes that you have made to your working directory.  For example, if you "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command> a file by accident, just run "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg revert</command> with the name of the file you "
+"added, and while the file won't be touched in any way, it won't be tracked "
+"for adding by Mercurial any longer, either.  You can also use <command role="
+"\"hg-cmd\">hg revert</command> to get rid of erroneous changes to a file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:526
+msgid ""
+"It's useful to remember that the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg revert</command> "
+"command is useful for changes that you have not yet committed.  Once you've "
+"committed a change, if you decide it was a mistake, you can still do "
+"something about it, though your options may be more limited."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch05-daily.xml:532
+msgid ""
+"For more information about the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg revert</command> "
+"command, and details about how to deal with changes you have already "
+"committed, see chapter <xref linkend=\"chap.undo\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:5
+msgid "Collaborating with other people"
+msgstr "团体协作"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:7
+msgid ""
+"As a completely decentralised tool, Mercurial doesn't impose any policy on "
+"how people ought to work with each other.  However, if you're new to "
+"distributed revision control, it helps to have some tools and examples in "
+"mind when you're thinking about possible workflow models."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:14
+msgid "Mercurial's web interface"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:16
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial has a powerful web interface that provides several useful "
+"capabilities."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:19
+msgid ""
+"For interactive use, the web interface lets you browse a single repository or "
+"a collection of repositories.  You can view the history of a repository, "
+"examine each change (comments and diffs), and view the contents of each "
+"directory and file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:24
+msgid ""
+"Also for human consumption, the web interface provides an RSS feed of the "
+"changes in a repository.  This lets you <quote>subscribe</quote> to a "
+"repository using your favourite feed reader, and be automatically notified of "
+"activity in that repository as soon as it happens.  I find this capability "
+"much more convenient than the model of subscribing to a mailing list to which "
+"notifications are sent, as it requires no additional configuration on the "
+"part of whoever is serving the repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:34
+msgid ""
+"The web interface also lets remote users clone a repository, pull changes "
+"from it, and (when the server is configured to permit it) push changes back "
+"to it.  Mercurial's HTTP tunneling protocol aggressively compresses data, so "
+"that it works efficiently even over low-bandwidth network connections."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:40
+msgid ""
+"The easiest way to get started with the web interface is to use your web "
+"browser to visit an existing repository, such as the master Mercurial "
+"repository at <ulink url=\"http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg?style=gitweb"
+"\">http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg?style=gitweb</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:45
+msgid ""
+"If you're interested in providing a web interface to your own repositories, "
+"Mercurial provides two ways to do this.  The first is using the <command role="
+"\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> command, which is best suited to short-term "
+"<quote>lightweight</quote> serving.  See section <xref linkend=\"sec.collab."
+"serve\"/> below for details of how to use this command.  If you have a long-"
+"lived repository that you'd like to make permanently available, Mercurial has "
+"built-in support for the CGI (Common Gateway Interface) standard, which all "
+"common web servers support.  See section <xref linkend=\"sec.collab.cgi\"/> "
+"for details of CGI configuration."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:60
+msgid "Collaboration models"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:62
+msgid ""
+"With a suitably flexible tool, making decisions about workflow is much more "
+"of a social engineering challenge than a technical one. Mercurial imposes few "
+"limitations on how you can structure the flow of work in a project, so it's "
+"up to you and your group to set up and live with a model that matches your "
+"own particular needs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:70
+msgid "Factors to keep in mind"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:72
+msgid ""
+"The most important aspect of any model that you must keep in mind is how well "
+"it matches the needs and capabilities of the people who will be using it.  "
+"This might seem self-evident; even so, you still can't afford to forget it "
+"for a moment."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:78
+msgid ""
+"I once put together a workflow model that seemed to make perfect sense to me, "
+"but that caused a considerable amount of consternation and strife within my "
+"development team.  In spite of my attempts to explain why we needed a complex "
+"set of branches, and how changes ought to flow between them, a few team "
+"members revolted.  Even though they were smart people, they didn't want to "
+"pay attention to the constraints we were operating under, or face the "
+"consequences of those constraints in the details of the model that I was "
+"advocating."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:88
+msgid ""
+"Don't sweep foreseeable social or technical problems under the rug. Whatever "
+"scheme you put into effect, you should plan for mistakes and problem "
+"scenarios.  Consider adding automated machinery to prevent, or quickly "
+"recover from, trouble that you can anticipate.  As an example, if you intend "
+"to have a branch with not-for-release changes in it, you'd do well to think "
+"early about the possibility that someone might accidentally merge those "
+"changes into a release branch.  You could avoid this particular problem by "
+"writing a hook that prevents changes from being merged from an inappropriate "
+"branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:102
+msgid "Informal anarchy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:104
+msgid ""
+"I wouldn't suggest an <quote>anything goes</quote> approach as something "
+"sustainable, but it's a model that's easy to grasp, and it works perfectly "
+"well in a few unusual situations."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:109
+msgid ""
+"As one example, many projects have a loose-knit group of collaborators who "
+"rarely physically meet each other.  Some groups like to overcome the "
+"isolation of working at a distance by organising occasional <quote>sprints</"
+"quote>.  In a sprint, a number of people get together in a single location (a "
+"company's conference room, a hotel meeting room, that kind of place) and "
+"spend several days more or less locked in there, hacking intensely on a "
+"handful of projects."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:118
+msgid ""
+"A sprint is the perfect place to use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</"
+"command> command, since <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> does not "
+"require any fancy server infrastructure.  You can get started with <command "
+"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> in moments, by reading section <xref "
+"linkend=\"sec.collab.serve\"/> below.  Then simply tell the person next to "
+"you that you're running a server, send the URL to them in an instant message, "
+"and you immediately have a quick-turnaround way to work together.  They can "
+"type your URL into their web browser and quickly review your changes; or they "
+"can pull a bugfix from you and verify it; or they can clone a branch "
+"containing a new feature and try it out."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:132
+msgid ""
+"The charm, and the problem, with doing things in an ad hoc fashion like this "
+"is that only people who know about your changes, and where they are, can see "
+"them.  Such an informal approach simply doesn't scale beyond a handful "
+"people, because each individual needs to know about $n$ different "
+"repositories to pull from."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:141
+msgid "A single central repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:143
+msgid ""
+"For smaller projects migrating from a centralised revision control tool, "
+"perhaps the easiest way to get started is to have changes flow through a "
+"single shared central repository.  This is also the most common "
+"<quote>building block</quote> for more ambitious workflow schemes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:149
+msgid ""
+"Contributors start by cloning a copy of this repository.  They can pull "
+"changes from it whenever they need to, and some (perhaps all) developers have "
+"permission to push a change back when they're ready for other people to see "
+"it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:154
+msgid ""
+"Under this model, it can still often make sense for people to pull changes "
+"directly from each other, without going through the central repository.  "
+"Consider a case in which I have a tentative bug fix, but I am worried that if "
+"I were to publish it to the central repository, it might subsequently break "
+"everyone else's trees as they pull it.  To reduce the potential for damage, I "
+"can ask you to clone my repository into a temporary repository of your own "
+"and test it.  This lets us put off publishing the potentially unsafe change "
+"until it has had a little testing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:165
+msgid ""
+"In this kind of scenario, people usually use the <command>ssh</command> "
+"protocol to securely push changes to the central repository, as documented in "
+"section <xref linkend=\"sec.collab.ssh\"/>.  It's also usual to publish a "
+"read-only copy of the repository over HTTP using CGI, as in section <xref "
+"linkend=\"sec.collab.cgi\"/>.  Publishing over HTTP satisfies the needs of "
+"people who don't have push access, and those who want to use web browsers to "
+"browse the repository's history."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:178
+msgid "Working with multiple branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:180
+msgid ""
+"Projects of any significant size naturally tend to make progress on several "
+"fronts simultaneously.  In the case of software, it's common for a project to "
+"go through periodic official releases.  A release might then go into "
+"<quote>maintenance mode</quote> for a while after its first publication; "
+"maintenance releases tend to contain only bug fixes, not new features.  In "
+"parallel with these maintenance releases, one or more future releases may be "
+"under development.  People normally use the word <quote>branch</quote> to "
+"refer to one of these many slightly different directions in which development "
+"is proceeding."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:193
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial is particularly well suited to managing a number of simultaneous, "
+"but not identical, branches.  Each <quote>development direction</quote> can "
+"live in its own central repository, and you can merge changes from one to "
+"another as the need arises.  Because repositories are independent of each "
+"other, unstable changes in a development branch will never affect a stable "
+"branch unless someone explicitly merges those changes in."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:202
+msgid ""
+"Here's an example of how this can work in practice.  Let's say you have one "
+"<quote>main branch</quote> on a central server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:208
+msgid "People clone it, make changes locally, test them, and push them back."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:211
+msgid ""
+"Once the main branch reaches a release milestone, you can use the <command "
+"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tag</command> command to give a permanent name to the "
+"milestone revision."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:217
+msgid "Let's say some ongoing development occurs on the main branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:222
+msgid ""
+"Using the tag that was recorded at the milestone, people who clone that "
+"repository at any time in the future can use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"update</command> to get a copy of the working directory exactly as it was "
+"when that tagged revision was committed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:230
+msgid ""
+"In addition, immediately after the main branch is tagged, someone can then "
+"clone the main branch on the server to a new <quote>stable</quote> branch, "
+"also on the server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:236
+msgid ""
+"Someone who needs to make a change to the stable branch can then clone "
+"<emphasis>that</emphasis> repository, make their changes, commit, and push "
+"their changes back there."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:242
+msgid ""
+"Because Mercurial repositories are independent, and Mercurial doesn't move "
+"changes around automatically, the stable and main branches are "
+"<emphasis>isolated</emphasis> from each other.  The changes that you made on "
+"the main branch don't <quote>leak</quote> to the stable branch, and vice "
+"versa."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:249
+msgid ""
+"You'll often want all of your bugfixes on the stable branch to show up on the "
+"main branch, too.  Rather than rewrite a bugfix on the main branch, you can "
+"simply pull and merge changes from the stable to the main branch, and "
+"Mercurial will bring those bugfixes in for you."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:257
+msgid ""
+"The main branch will still contain changes that are not on the stable branch, "
+"but it will also contain all of the bugfixes from the stable branch.  The "
+"stable branch remains unaffected by these changes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:264 ../en/ch06-collab.xml:276
+msgid "Feature branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:266
+msgid ""
+"For larger projects, an effective way to manage change is to break up a team "
+"into smaller groups.  Each group has a shared branch of its own, cloned from "
+"a single <quote>master</quote> branch used by the entire project.  People "
+"working on an individual branch are typically quite isolated from "
+"developments on other branches."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:274
+msgid ""
+"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/feature-branches.png\"/></"
+"imageobject>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:280
+msgid ""
+"When a particular feature is deemed to be in suitable shape, someone on that "
+"feature team pulls and merges from the master branch into the feature branch, "
+"then pushes back up to the master branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:287
+msgid "The release train"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:289
+msgid ""
+"Some projects are organised on a <quote>train</quote> basis: a release is "
+"scheduled to happen every few months, and whatever features are ready when "
+"the <quote>train</quote> is ready to leave are allowed in."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:294
+msgid ""
+"This model resembles working with feature branches.  The difference is that "
+"when a feature branch misses a train, someone on the feature team pulls and "
+"merges the changes that went out on that train release into the feature "
+"branch, and the team continues its work on top of that release so that their "
+"feature can make the next release."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:303
+msgid "The Linux kernel model"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:305
+msgid ""
+"The development of the Linux kernel has a shallow hierarchical structure, "
+"surrounded by a cloud of apparent chaos.  Because most Linux developers use "
+"<command>git</command>, a distributed revision control tool with capabilities "
+"similar to Mercurial, it's useful to describe the way work flows in that "
+"environment; if you like the ideas, the approach translates well across tools."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:313
+msgid ""
+"At the center of the community sits Linus Torvalds, the creator of Linux.  He "
+"publishes a single source repository that is considered the "
+"<quote>authoritative</quote> current tree by the entire developer community. "
+"Anyone can clone Linus's tree, but he is very choosy about whose trees he "
+"pulls from."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:320
+msgid ""
+"Linus has a number of <quote>trusted lieutenants</quote>.  As a general rule, "
+"he pulls whatever changes they publish, in most cases without even reviewing "
+"those changes.  Some of those lieutenants are generally agreed to be "
+"<quote>maintainers</quote>, responsible for specific subsystems within the "
+"kernel.  If a random kernel hacker wants to make a change to a subsystem that "
+"they want to end up in Linus's tree, they must find out who the subsystem's "
+"maintainer is, and ask that maintainer to take their change.  If the "
+"maintainer reviews their changes and agrees to take them, they'll pass them "
+"along to Linus in due course."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:332
+msgid ""
+"Individual lieutenants have their own approaches to reviewing, accepting, and "
+"publishing changes; and for deciding when to feed them to Linus.  In "
+"addition, there are several well known branches that people use for different "
+"purposes.  For example, a few people maintain <quote>stable</quote> "
+"repositories of older versions of the kernel, to which they apply critical "
+"fixes as needed.  Some maintainers publish multiple trees: one for "
+"experimental changes; one for changes that they are about to feed upstream; "
+"and so on.  Others just publish a single tree."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:343
+msgid ""
+"This model has two notable features.  The first is that it's <quote>pull "
+"only</quote>.  You have to ask, convince, or beg another developer to take a "
+"change from you, because there are almost no trees to which more than one "
+"person can push, and there's no way to push changes into a tree that someone "
+"else controls."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:350
+msgid ""
+"The second is that it's based on reputation and acclaim.  If you're an "
+"unknown, Linus will probably ignore changes from you without even "
+"responding.  But a subsystem maintainer will probably review them, and will "
+"likely take them if they pass their criteria for suitability. The more "
+"<quote>good</quote> changes you contribute to a maintainer, the more likely "
+"they are to trust your judgment and accept your changes.  If you're well-"
+"known and maintain a long-lived branch for something Linus hasn't yet "
+"accepted, people with similar interests may pull your changes regularly to "
+"keep up with your work."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:361
+msgid ""
+"Reputation and acclaim don't necessarily cross subsystem or <quote>people</"
+"quote> boundaries.  If you're a respected but specialised storage hacker, and "
+"you try to fix a networking bug, that change will receive a level of scrutiny "
+"from a network maintainer comparable to a change from a complete stranger."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:368
+msgid ""
+"To people who come from more orderly project backgrounds, the comparatively "
+"chaotic Linux kernel development process often seems completely insane.  It's "
+"subject to the whims of individuals; people make sweeping changes whenever "
+"they deem it appropriate; and the pace of development is astounding.  And yet "
+"Linux is a highly successful, well-regarded piece of software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:378
+msgid "Pull-only versus shared-push collaboration"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:380
+msgid ""
+"A perpetual source of heat in the open source community is whether a "
+"development model in which people only ever pull changes from others is "
+"<quote>better than</quote> one in which multiple people can push changes to a "
+"shared repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:386
+msgid ""
+"Typically, the backers of the shared-push model use tools that actively "
+"enforce this approach.  If you're using a centralised revision control tool "
+"such as Subversion, there's no way to make a choice over which model you'll "
+"use: the tool gives you shared-push, and if you want to do anything else, "
+"you'll have to roll your own approach on top (such as applying a patch by "
+"hand)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:394
+msgid ""
+"A good distributed revision control tool, such as Mercurial, will support "
+"both models.  You and your collaborators can then structure how you work "
+"together based on your own needs and preferences, not on what contortions "
+"your tools force you into."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:402
+msgid "Where collaboration meets branch management"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:404
+msgid ""
+"Once you and your team set up some shared repositories and start propagating "
+"changes back and forth between local and shared repos, you begin to face a "
+"related, but slightly different challenge: that of managing the multiple "
+"directions in which your team may be moving at once.  Even though this "
+"subject is intimately related to how your team collaborates, it's dense "
+"enough to merit treatment of its own, in chapter <xref linkend=\"chap.branch"
+"\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:416
+msgid "The technical side of sharing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:418
+msgid ""
+"The remainder of this chapter is devoted to the question of serving data to "
+"your collaborators."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:423
+msgid "Informal sharing with <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:426
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial's <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> command is "
+"wonderfully suited to small, tight-knit, and fast-paced group environments.  "
+"It also provides a great way to get a feel for using Mercurial commands over "
+"a network."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:431
+msgid ""
+"Run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> inside a repository, and in "
+"under a second it will bring up a specialised HTTP server; this will accept "
+"connections from any client, and serve up data for that repository until you "
+"terminate it.  Anyone who knows the URL of the server you just started, and "
+"can talk to your computer over the network, can then use a web browser or "
+"Mercurial to read data from that repository.  A URL for a <command role=\"hg-"
+"cmd\">hg serve</command> instance running on a laptop is likely to look "
+"something like <literal>http://my-laptop.local:8000/</literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:442
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> command is <emphasis>not</"
+"emphasis> a general-purpose web server. It can do only two things:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:446
+msgid ""
+"Allow people to browse the history of the repository it's serving, from their "
+"normal web browsers."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:450
+msgid ""
+"Speak Mercurial's wire protocol, so that people can <command role=\"hg-cmd"
+"\">hg clone</command> or <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> changes "
+"from that repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:455
+msgid ""
+"In particular, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> won't allow remote "
+"users to <emphasis>modify</emphasis> your repository.  It's intended for read-"
+"only use."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:459
+msgid ""
+"If you're getting started with Mercurial, there's nothing to prevent you from "
+"using <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> to serve up a repository on "
+"your own computer, then use commands like <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg clone</"
+"command>, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg incoming</command>, and so on to talk "
+"to that server as if the repository was hosted remotely. This can help you to "
+"quickly get acquainted with using commands on network-hosted repositories."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:469
+msgid "A few things to keep in mind"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:471
+msgid ""
+"Because it provides unauthenticated read access to all clients, you should "
+"only use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> in an environment where "
+"you either don't care, or have complete control over, who can access your "
+"network and pull data from your repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:477
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> command knows nothing about "
+"any firewall software you might have installed on your system or network.  It "
+"cannot detect or control your firewall software.  If other people are unable "
+"to talk to a running <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> instance, "
+"the second thing you should do (<emphasis>after</emphasis> you make sure that "
+"they're using the correct URL) is check your firewall configuration."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:486
+msgid ""
+"By default, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> listens for incoming "
+"connections on port 8000.  If another process is already listening on the "
+"port you want to use, you can specify a different port to listen on using the "
+"<option role=\"hg-opt-serve\">-p</option> option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:492
+msgid ""
+"Normally, when <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> starts, it prints "
+"no output, which can be a bit unnerving.  If you'd like to confirm that it is "
+"indeed running correctly, and find out what URL you should send to your "
+"collaborators, start it with the <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-v</option> "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:502
+msgid "Using the Secure Shell (ssh) protocol"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:504
+msgid ""
+"You can pull and push changes securely over a network connection using the "
+"Secure Shell (<literal>ssh</literal>)  protocol.  To use this successfully, "
+"you may have to do a little bit of configuration on the client or server "
+"sides."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:509
+msgid ""
+"If you're not familiar with ssh, it's a network protocol that lets you "
+"securely communicate with another computer.  To use it with Mercurial, you'll "
+"be setting up one or more user accounts on a server so that remote users can "
+"log in and execute commands."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:515
+msgid ""
+"(If you <emphasis>are</emphasis> familiar with ssh, you'll probably find some "
+"of the material that follows to be elementary in nature.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:520
+msgid "How to read and write ssh URLs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:522
+msgid "An ssh URL tends to look like this:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:525
+msgid ""
+"The <quote><literal>ssh://</literal></quote> part tells Mercurial to use the "
+"ssh protocol."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:528
+msgid ""
+"The <quote><literal>bos@</literal></quote> component indicates what username "
+"to log into the server as.  You can leave this out if the remote username is "
+"the same as your local username."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:533
+msgid ""
+"The <quote><literal>hg.serpentine.com</literal></quote> gives the hostname of "
+"the server to log into."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:537
+msgid ""
+"The <quote>:22</quote> identifies the port number to connect to the server "
+"on.  The default port is 22, so you only need to specify this part if you're "
+"<emphasis>not</emphasis> using port 22."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:542
+msgid ""
+"The remainder of the URL is the local path to the repository on the server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:546
+msgid ""
+"There's plenty of scope for confusion with the path component of ssh URLs, as "
+"there is no standard way for tools to interpret it.  Some programs behave "
+"differently than others when dealing with these paths. This isn't an ideal "
+"situation, but it's unlikely to change.  Please read the following paragraphs "
+"carefully."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:553
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial treats the path to a repository on the server as relative to the "
+"remote user's home directory.  For example, if user <literal>foo</literal> on "
+"the server has a home directory of <filename class=\"directory\">/home/foo</"
+"filename>, then an ssh URL that contains a path component of <filename class="
+"\"directory\">bar</filename> <emphasis>really</emphasis> refers to the "
+"directory <filename class=\"directory\">/home/foo/bar</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:562
+msgid ""
+"If you want to specify a path relative to another user's home directory, you "
+"can use a path that starts with a tilde character followed by the user's name "
+"(let's call them <literal>otheruser</literal>), like this."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:568
+msgid ""
+"And if you really want to specify an <emphasis>absolute</emphasis> path on "
+"the server, begin the path component with two slashes, as in this example."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:575
+msgid "Finding an ssh client for your system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:577
+msgid ""
+"Almost every Unix-like system comes with OpenSSH preinstalled.  If you're "
+"using such a system, run <literal>which ssh</literal> to find out if the "
+"<command>ssh</command> command is installed (it's usually in <filename class="
+"\"directory\">/usr/bin</filename>).  In the unlikely event that it isn't "
+"present, take a look at your system documentation to figure out how to "
+"install it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:585
+msgid ""
+"On Windows, you'll first need to download a suitable ssh client.  There are "
+"two alternatives."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:588
+msgid ""
+"Simon Tatham's excellent PuTTY package <citation>web:putty</citation> "
+"provides a complete suite of ssh client commands."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:592
+msgid ""
+"If you have a high tolerance for pain, you can use the Cygwin port of OpenSSH."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:595
+msgid ""
+"In either case, you'll need to edit your \\hgini\\ file to tell Mercurial "
+"where to find the actual client command.  For example, if you're using PuTTY, "
+"you'll need to use the <command>plink</command> command as a command-line ssh "
+"client."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:604
+msgid ""
+"The path to <command>plink</command> shouldn't contain any whitespace "
+"characters, or Mercurial may not be able to run it correctly (so putting it "
+"in <filename class=\"directory\">C:\\\\Program Files</filename> is probably "
+"not a good idea)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:613
+msgid "Generating a key pair"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:615
+msgid ""
+"To avoid the need to repetitively type a password every time you need to use "
+"your ssh client, I recommend generating a key pair.  On a Unix-like system, "
+"the <command>ssh-keygen</command> command will do the trick. On Windows, if "
+"you're using PuTTY, the <command>puttygen</command> command is what you'll "
+"need."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:623
+msgid ""
+"When you generate a key pair, it's usually <emphasis>highly</emphasis> "
+"advisable to protect it with a passphrase.  (The only time that you might not "
+"want to do this is when you're using the ssh protocol for automated tasks on "
+"a secure network.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:629
+msgid ""
+"Simply generating a key pair isn't enough, however.  You'll need to add the "
+"public key to the set of authorised keys for whatever user you're logging in "
+"remotely as.  For servers using OpenSSH (the vast majority), this will mean "
+"adding the public key to a list in a file called <filename role=\"special"
+"\">authorized_keys</filename> in their <filename role=\"special\" class="
+"\"directory\">.ssh</filename> directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:638
+msgid ""
+"On a Unix-like system, your public key will have a <filename>.pub</filename> "
+"extension.  If you're using <command>puttygen</command> on Windows, you can "
+"save the public key to a file of your choosing, or paste it from the window "
+"it's displayed in straight into the <filename role=\"special"
+"\">authorized_keys</filename> file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:647
+msgid "Using an authentication agent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:649
+msgid ""
+"An authentication agent is a daemon that stores passphrases in memory (so it "
+"will forget passphrases if you log out and log back in again). An ssh client "
+"will notice if it's running, and query it for a passphrase.  If there's no "
+"authentication agent running, or the agent doesn't store the necessary "
+"passphrase, you'll have to type your passphrase every time Mercurial tries to "
+"communicate with a server on your behalf (e.g. whenever you pull or push "
+"changes)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:658
+msgid ""
+"The downside of storing passphrases in an agent is that it's possible for a "
+"well-prepared attacker to recover the plain text of your passphrases, in some "
+"cases even if your system has been power-cycled. You should make your own "
+"judgment as to whether this is an acceptable risk.  It certainly saves a lot "
+"of repeated typing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:665
+msgid ""
+"On Unix-like systems, the agent is called <command>ssh-agent</command>, and "
+"it's often run automatically for you when you log in.  You'll need to use the "
+"<command>ssh-add</command> command to add passphrases to the agent's store.  "
+"On Windows, if you're using PuTTY, the <command>pageant</command> command "
+"acts as the agent.  It adds an icon to your system tray that will let you "
+"manage stored passphrases."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:676
+msgid "Configuring the server side properly"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:678
+msgid ""
+"Because ssh can be fiddly to set up if you're new to it, there's a variety of "
+"things that can go wrong.  Add Mercurial on top, and there's plenty more "
+"scope for head-scratching.  Most of these potential problems occur on the "
+"server side, not the client side.  The good news is that once you've gotten a "
+"configuration working, it will usually continue to work indefinitely."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:686
+msgid ""
+"Before you try using Mercurial to talk to an ssh server, it's best to make "
+"sure that you can use the normal <command>ssh</command> or <command>putty</"
+"command> command to talk to the server first.  If you run into problems with "
+"using these commands directly, Mercurial surely won't work.  Worse, it will "
+"obscure the underlying problem.  Any time you want to debug ssh-related "
+"Mercurial problems, you should drop back to making sure that plain ssh client "
+"commands work first, <emphasis>before</emphasis> you worry about whether "
+"there's a problem with Mercurial."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:697
+msgid ""
+"The first thing to be sure of on the server side is that you can actually log "
+"in from another machine at all.  If you can't use <command>ssh</command> or "
+"<command>putty</command> to log in, the error message you get may give you a "
+"few hints as to what's wrong.  The most common problems are as follows."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:704
+msgid ""
+"If you get a <quote>connection refused</quote> error, either there isn't an "
+"SSH daemon running on the server at all, or it's inaccessible due to firewall "
+"configuration."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:709
+msgid ""
+"If you get a <quote>no route to host</quote> error, you either have an "
+"incorrect address for the server or a seriously locked down firewall that "
+"won't admit its existence at all."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:714
+msgid ""
+"If you get a <quote>permission denied</quote> error, you may have mistyped "
+"the username on the server, or you could have mistyped your key's passphrase "
+"or the remote user's password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:719
+msgid ""
+"In summary, if you're having trouble talking to the server's ssh daemon, "
+"first make sure that one is running at all.  On many systems it will be "
+"installed, but disabled, by default.  Once you're done with this step, you "
+"should then check that the server's firewall is configured to allow incoming "
+"connections on the port the ssh daemon is listening on (usually 22).  Don't "
+"worry about more exotic possibilities for misconfiguration until you've "
+"checked these two first."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:729
+msgid ""
+"If you're using an authentication agent on the client side to store "
+"passphrases for your keys, you ought to be able to log into the server "
+"without being prompted for a passphrase or a password.  If you're prompted "
+"for a passphrase, there are a few possible culprits."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:735
+msgid ""
+"You might have forgotten to use <command>ssh-add</command> or "
+"<command>pageant</command> to store the passphrase."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:739
+msgid "You might have stored the passphrase for the wrong key."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:742
+msgid ""
+"If you're being prompted for the remote user's password, there are another "
+"few possible problems to check."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:745
+msgid ""
+"Either the user's home directory or their <filename role=\"special\" class="
+"\"directory\">.ssh</filename> directory might have excessively liberal "
+"permissions.  As a result, the ssh daemon will not trust or read their "
+"<filename role=\"special\">authorized_keys</filename> file.  For example, a "
+"group-writable home or <filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.ssh</"
+"filename> directory will often cause this symptom."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:754
+msgid ""
+"The user's <filename role=\"special\">authorized_keys</filename> file may "
+"have a problem. If anyone other than the user owns or can write to that file, "
+"the ssh daemon will not trust or read it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:761
+msgid ""
+"In the ideal world, you should be able to run the following command "
+"successfully, and it should print exactly one line of output, the current "
+"date and time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:766
+msgid ""
+"If, on your server, you have login scripts that print banners or other junk "
+"even when running non-interactive commands like this, you should fix them "
+"before you continue, so that they only print output if they're run "
+"interactively.  Otherwise these banners will at least clutter up Mercurial's "
+"output.  Worse, they could potentially cause problems with running Mercurial "
+"commands remotely.  Mercurial makes tries to detect and ignore banners in non-"
+"interactive <command>ssh</command> sessions, but it is not foolproof.  (If "
+"you're editing your login scripts on your server, the usual way to see if a "
+"login script is running in an interactive shell is to check the return code "
+"from the command <literal>tty -s</literal>.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:780
+msgid ""
+"Once you've verified that plain old ssh is working with your server, the next "
+"step is to ensure that Mercurial runs on the server.  The following command "
+"should run successfully:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:785
+msgid ""
+"If you see an error message instead of normal <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"version</command> output, this is usually because you haven't installed "
+"Mercurial to <filename class=\"directory\">/usr/bin</filename>.  Don't worry "
+"if this is the case; you don't need to do that.  But you should check for a "
+"few possible problems."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:792
+msgid ""
+"Is Mercurial really installed on the server at all? I know this sounds "
+"trivial, but it's worth checking!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:796
+msgid ""
+"Maybe your shell's search path (usually set via the <envar>PATH</envar> "
+"environment variable) is simply misconfigured."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:800
+msgid ""
+"Perhaps your <envar>PATH</envar> environment variable is only being set to "
+"point to the location of the <command>hg</command> executable if the login "
+"session is interactive.  This can happen if you're setting the path in the "
+"wrong shell login script.  See your shell's documentation for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:807
+msgid ""
+"The <envar>PYTHONPATH</envar> environment variable may need to contain the "
+"path to the Mercurial Python modules.  It might not be set at all; it could "
+"be incorrect; or it may be set only if the login is interactive."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:814
+msgid ""
+"If you can run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg version</command> over an ssh "
+"connection, well done! You've got the server and client sorted out.  You "
+"should now be able to use Mercurial to access repositories hosted by that "
+"username on that server.  If you run into problems with Mercurial and ssh at "
+"this point, try using the <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">--debug</option> "
+"option to get a clearer picture of what's going on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:824
+msgid "Using compression with ssh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:826
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial does not compress data when it uses the ssh protocol, because the "
+"ssh protocol can transparently compress data.  However, the default behaviour "
+"of ssh clients is <emphasis>not</emphasis> to request compression."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:831
+msgid ""
+"Over any network other than a fast LAN (even a wireless network), using "
+"compression is likely to significantly speed up Mercurial's network "
+"operations.  For example, over a WAN, someone measured compression as "
+"reducing the amount of time required to clone a particularly large repository "
+"from 51 minutes to 17 minutes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:838
+msgid ""
+"Both <command>ssh</command> and <command>plink</command> accept a <option "
+"role=\"cmd-opt-ssh\">-C</option> option which turns on compression.  You can "
+"easily edit your <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>\\ to enable "
+"compression for all of Mercurial's uses of the ssh protocol."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:845
+msgid ""
+"If you use <command>ssh</command>, you can configure it to always use "
+"compression when talking to your server.  To do this, edit your <filename "
+"role=\"special\">.ssh/config</filename> file (which may not yet exist), as "
+"follows."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:852
+msgid ""
+"This defines an alias, <literal>hg</literal>.  When you use it on the "
+"<command>ssh</command> command line or in a Mercurial <literal>ssh</literal>-"
+"protocol URL, it will cause <command>ssh</command> to connect to <literal>hg."
+"example.com</literal> and use compression.  This gives you both a shorter "
+"name to type and compression, each of which is a good thing in its own right."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:863
+msgid "Serving over HTTP using CGI"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:865
+msgid ""
+"Depending on how ambitious you are, configuring Mercurial's CGI interface can "
+"take anything from a few moments to several hours."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:869
+msgid ""
+"We'll begin with the simplest of examples, and work our way towards a more "
+"complex configuration.  Even for the most basic case, you're almost certainly "
+"going to need to read and modify your web server's configuration."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><note><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:875
+msgid ""
+"Configuring a web server is a complex, fiddly, and highly system-dependent "
+"activity.  I can't possibly give you instructions that will cover anything "
+"like all of the cases you will encounter. Please use your discretion and "
+"judgment in following the sections below.  Be prepared to make plenty of "
+"mistakes, and to spend a lot of time reading your server's error logs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:885
+msgid "Web server configuration checklist"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:887
+msgid ""
+"Before you continue, do take a few moments to check a few aspects of your "
+"system's setup."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:891
+msgid ""
+"Do you have a web server installed at all? Mac OS X ships with Apache, but "
+"many other systems may not have a web server installed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:895
+msgid ""
+"If you have a web server installed, is it actually running? On most systems, "
+"even if one is present, it will be disabled by default."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:899
+msgid ""
+"Is your server configured to allow you to run CGI programs in the directory "
+"where you plan to do so? Most servers default to explicitly disabling the "
+"ability to run CGI programs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:905
+msgid ""
+"If you don't have a web server installed, and don't have substantial "
+"experience configuring Apache, you should consider using the "
+"<literal>lighttpd</literal> web server instead of Apache.  Apache has a well-"
+"deserved reputation for baroque and confusing configuration. While "
+"<literal>lighttpd</literal> is less capable in some ways than Apache, most of "
+"these capabilities are not relevant to serving Mercurial repositories.  And "
+"<literal>lighttpd</literal> is undeniably <emphasis>much</emphasis> easier to "
+"get started with than Apache."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:918
+msgid "Basic CGI configuration"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:920
+msgid ""
+"On Unix-like systems, it's common for users to have a subdirectory named "
+"something like <filename class=\"directory\">public_html</filename> in their "
+"home directory, from which they can serve up web pages.  A file named "
+"<filename>foo</filename> in this directory will be accessible at a URL of the "
+"form <literal>http://www.example.com/\\ {</literal>username/foo}."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:929
+msgid ""
+"To get started, find the <filename role=\"special\">hgweb.cgi</filename> "
+"script that should be present in your Mercurial installation.  If you can't "
+"quickly find a local copy on your system, simply download one from the master "
+"Mercurial repository at <ulink url=\"http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/"
+"tip/hgweb.cgi\">http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/tip/hgweb.cgi</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:936 ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1109
+msgid ""
+"You'll need to copy this script into your <filename class=\"directory"
+"\">public_html</filename> directory, and ensure that it's executable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:941
+msgid ""
+"The <literal>755</literal> argument to <command>chmod</command> is a little "
+"more general than just making the script executable: it ensures that the "
+"script is executable by anyone, and that <quote>group</quote> and "
+"<quote>other</quote> write permissions are <emphasis>not</emphasis> set.  If "
+"you were to leave those write permissions enabled, Apache's <literal>suexec</"
+"literal> subsystem would likely refuse to execute the script.  In fact, "
+"<literal>suexec</literal> also insists that the <emphasis>directory</"
+"emphasis> in which the script resides must not be writable by others."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:955
+msgid "What could <emphasis>possibly</emphasis> go wrong?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:958
+msgid ""
+"Once you've copied the CGI script into place, go into a web browser, and try "
+"to open the URL <ulink url=\"http://myhostname/ myuser/hgweb.cgi\">http://"
+"myhostname/ myuser/hgweb.cgi</ulink>, <emphasis>but</emphasis> brace yourself "
+"for instant failure.  There's a high probability that trying to visit this "
+"URL will fail, and there are many possible reasons for this.  In fact, you're "
+"likely to stumble over almost every one of the possible errors below, so "
+"please read carefully.  The following are all of the problems I ran into on a "
+"system running Fedora 7, with a fresh installation of Apache, and a user "
+"account that I created specially to perform this exercise."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:972
+msgid ""
+"Your web server may have per-user directories disabled.  If you're using "
+"Apache, search your config file for a <literal>UserDir</literal> directive.  "
+"If there's none present, per-user directories will be disabled.  If one "
+"exists, but its value is <literal>disabled</literal>, then per-user "
+"directories will be disabled.  Otherwise, the string after <literal>UserDir</"
+"literal> gives the name of the subdirectory that Apache will look in under "
+"your home directory, for example <filename class=\"directory\">public_html</"
+"filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:983
+msgid ""
+"Your file access permissions may be too restrictive.  The web server must be "
+"able to traverse your home directory and directories under your <filename "
+"class=\"directory\">public_html</filename> directory, and read files under "
+"the latter too.  Here's a quick recipe to help you to make your permissions "
+"more appropriate."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:993
+msgid ""
+"The other possibility with permissions is that you might get a completely "
+"empty window when you try to load the script.  In this case, it's likely that "
+"your access permissions are <emphasis>too permissive</emphasis>.  Apache's "
+"<literal>suexec</literal> subsystem won't execute a script that's group- or "
+"world-writable, for example."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1000
+msgid ""
+"Your web server may be configured to disallow execution of CGI programs in "
+"your per-user web directory.  Here's Apache's default per-user configuration "
+"from my Fedora system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1011
+msgid ""
+"If you find a similar-looking <literal>Directory</literal> group in your "
+"Apache configuration, the directive to look at inside it is <literal>Options</"
+"literal>. Add <literal>ExecCGI</literal> to the end of this list if it's "
+"missing, and restart the web server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1018
+msgid ""
+"If you find that Apache serves you the text of the CGI script instead of "
+"executing it, you may need to either uncomment (if already present) or add a "
+"directive like this."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1024
+msgid ""
+"The next possibility is that you might be served with a colourful Python "
+"backtrace claiming that it can't import a <literal>mercurial</literal>-"
+"related module.  This is actually progress! The server is now capable of "
+"executing your CGI script.  This error is only likely to occur if you're "
+"running a private installation of Mercurial, instead of a system-wide "
+"version.  Remember that the web server runs the CGI program without any of "
+"the environment variables that you take for granted in an interactive "
+"session.  If this error happens to you, edit your copy of <filename role="
+"\"special\">hgweb.cgi</filename> and follow the directions inside it to "
+"correctly set your <envar>PYTHONPATH</envar> environment variable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1038
+msgid ""
+"Finally, you are <emphasis>certain</emphasis> to by served with another "
+"colourful Python backtrace: this one will complain that it can't find "
+"<filename class=\"directory\">/path/to/repository</filename>.  Edit your "
+"<filename role=\"special\">hgweb.cgi</filename> script and replace the "
+"<filename class=\"directory\">/path/to/repository</filename> string with the "
+"complete path to the repository you want to serve up."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1048
+msgid ""
+"At this point, when you try to reload the page, you should be presented with "
+"a nice HTML view of your repository's history.  Whew!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1054
+msgid "Configuring lighttpd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1056
+msgid ""
+"To be exhaustive in my experiments, I tried configuring the increasingly "
+"popular <literal>lighttpd</literal> web server to serve the same repository "
+"as I described with Apache above.  I had already overcome all of the problems "
+"I outlined with Apache, many of which are not server-specific.  As a result, "
+"I was fairly sure that my file and directory permissions were good, and that "
+"my <filename role=\"special\">hgweb.cgi</filename> script was properly edited."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1066
+msgid ""
+"Once I had Apache running, getting <literal>lighttpd</literal> to serve the "
+"repository was a snap (in other words, even if you're trying to use "
+"<literal>lighttpd</literal>, you should read the Apache section).  I first "
+"had to edit the <literal>mod_access</literal> section of its config file to "
+"enable <literal>mod_cgi</literal> and <literal>mod_userdir</literal>, both of "
+"which were disabled by default on my system.  I then added a few lines to the "
+"end of the config file, to configure these modules."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1078
+msgid ""
+"With this done, <literal>lighttpd</literal> ran immediately for me.  If I had "
+"configured <literal>lighttpd</literal> before Apache, I'd almost certainly "
+"have run into many of the same system-level configuration problems as I did "
+"with Apache.  However, I found <literal>lighttpd</literal> to be noticeably "
+"easier to configure than Apache, even though I've used Apache for over a "
+"decade, and this was my first exposure to <literal>lighttpd</literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1091
+msgid "Sharing multiple repositories with one CGI script"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1093
+msgid ""
+"The <filename role=\"special\">hgweb.cgi</filename> script only lets you "
+"publish a single repository, which is an annoying restriction.  If you want "
+"to publish more than one without wracking yourself with multiple copies of "
+"the same script, each with different names, a better choice is to use the "
+"<filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> script."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1101
+msgid ""
+"The procedure to configure <filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> "
+"is only a little more involved than for <filename role=\"special\">hgweb.cgi</"
+"filename>.  First, you must obtain a copy of the script.  If you don't have "
+"one handy, you can download a copy from the master Mercurial repository at "
+"<ulink url=\"http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/tip/hgwebdir.cgi"
+"\">http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/tip/hgwebdir.cgi</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1114
+msgid ""
+"With basic configuration out of the way, try to visit <ulink url=\"http://"
+"myhostname/ myuser/hgwebdir.cgi\">http://myhostname/ myuser/hgwebdir.cgi</"
+"ulink> in your browser.  It should display an empty list of repositories.  If "
+"you get a blank window or error message, try walking through the list of "
+"potential problems in section <xref linkend=\"sec.collab.wtf\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1123
+msgid ""
+"The <filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> script relies on an "
+"external configuration file.  By default, it searches for a file named "
+"<filename role=\"special\">hgweb.config</filename> in the same directory as "
+"itself.  You'll need to create this file, and make it world-readable.  The "
+"format of the file is similar to a Windows <quote>ini</quote> file, as "
+"understood by Python's <literal>ConfigParser</literal> <citation>web:"
+"configparser</citation> module."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1133
+msgid ""
+"The easiest way to configure <filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</"
+"filename> is with a section named <literal>collections</literal>.  This will "
+"automatically publish <emphasis>every</emphasis> repository under the "
+"directories you name.  The section should look like this:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1141
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial interprets this by looking at the directory name on the "
+"<emphasis>right</emphasis> hand side of the <quote><literal>=</literal></"
+"quote> sign; finding repositories in that directory hierarchy; and using the "
+"text on the <emphasis>left</emphasis> to strip off matching text from the "
+"names it will actually list in the web interface.  The remaining component of "
+"a path after this stripping has occurred is called a <quote>virtual path</"
+"quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1150
+msgid ""
+"Given the example above, if we have a repository whose local path is "
+"<filename class=\"directory\">/my/root/this/repo</filename>, the CGI script "
+"will strip the leading <filename class=\"directory\">/my/root</filename> from "
+"the name, and publish the repository with a virtual path of <filename class="
+"\"directory\">this/repo</filename>.  If the base URL for our CGI script is "
+"<ulink url=\"http://myhostname/ myuser/hgwebdir.cgi\">http://myhostname/ "
+"myuser/hgwebdir.cgi</ulink>, the complete URL for that repository will be "
+"<ulink url=\"http://myhostname/ myuser/hgwebdir.cgi/this/repo\">http://"
+"myhostname/ myuser/hgwebdir.cgi/this/repo</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1164
+msgid ""
+"If we replace <filename class=\"directory\">/my/root</filename> on the left "
+"hand side of this example with <filename class=\"directory\">/my</filename>, "
+"then <filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> will only strip off "
+"<filename class=\"directory\">/my</filename> from the repository name, and "
+"will give us a virtual path of <filename class=\"directory\">root/this/repo</"
+"filename> instead of <filename class=\"directory\">this/repo</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1174
+msgid ""
+"The <filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> script will "
+"recursively search each directory listed in the <literal>collections</"
+"literal> section of its configuration file, but it will <literal>not</"
+"literal> recurse into the repositories it finds."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1180
+msgid ""
+"The <literal>collections</literal> mechanism makes it easy to publish many "
+"repositories in a <quote>fire and forget</quote> manner.  You only need to "
+"set up the CGI script and configuration file one time.  Afterwards, you can "
+"publish or unpublish a repository at any time by simply moving it into, or "
+"out of, the directory hierarchy in which you've configured <filename role="
+"\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> to look."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1190
+msgid "Explicitly specifying which repositories to publish"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1193
+msgid ""
+"In addition to the <literal>collections</literal> mechanism, the <filename "
+"role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> script allows you to publish a "
+"specific list of repositories.  To do so, create a <literal>paths</literal> "
+"section, with contents of the following form."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1201
+msgid ""
+"In this case, the virtual path (the component that will appear in a URL) is "
+"on the left hand side of each definition, while the path to the repository is "
+"on the right.  Notice that there does not need to be any relationship between "
+"the virtual path you choose and the location of a repository in your "
+"filesystem."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1208
+msgid ""
+"If you wish, you can use both the <literal>collections</literal> and "
+"<literal>paths</literal> mechanisms simultaneously in a single configuration "
+"file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><note><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1214
+msgid ""
+"If multiple repositories have the same virtual path, <filename role=\"special"
+"\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> will not report an error.  Instead, it will behave "
+"unpredictably."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1223
+msgid "Downloading source archives"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1225
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial's web interface lets users download an archive of any revision.  "
+"This archive will contain a snapshot of the working directory as of that "
+"revision, but it will not contain a copy of the repository data."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1230
+msgid ""
+"By default, this feature is not enabled.  To enable it, you'll need to add an "
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">allow_archive</envar> item to the <literal role="
+"\"rc-web\">web</literal> section of your <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</"
+"filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1238
+msgid "Web configuration options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1240
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial's web interfaces (the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> "
+"command, and the <filename role=\"special\">hgweb.cgi</filename> and "
+"<filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> scripts) have a number of "
+"configuration options that you can set.  These belong in a section named "
+"<literal role=\"rc-web\">web</literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1248
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">allow_archive</envar>: Determines which (if any) "
+"archive download mechanisms Mercurial supports.  If you enable this feature, "
+"users of the web interface will be able to download an archive of whatever "
+"revision of a repository they are viewing. To enable the archive feature, "
+"this item must take the form of a sequence of words drawn from the list below."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1257
+msgid ""
+"<literal>bz2</literal>: A <command>tar</command> archive, compressed using "
+"<literal>bzip2</literal> compression.  This has the best compression ratio, "
+"but uses the most CPU time on the server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1263
+msgid ""
+"<literal>gz</literal>: A <command>tar</command> archive, compressed using "
+"<literal>gzip</literal> compression."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1267
+msgid ""
+"<literal>zip</literal>: A <command>zip</command> archive, compressed using "
+"LZW compression.  This format has the worst compression ratio, but is widely "
+"used in the Windows world."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1273
+msgid ""
+"If you provide an empty list, or don't have an <envar role=\"rc-item-web"
+"\">allow_archive</envar> entry at all, this feature will be disabled.  Here "
+"is an example of how to enable all three supported formats."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1280
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">allowpull</envar>: Boolean.  Determines whether "
+"the web interface allows remote users to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</"
+"command> and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg clone</command> this repository over "
+"HTTP.  If set to <literal>no</literal> or <literal>false</literal>, only the "
+"<quote>human-oriented</quote> portion of the web interface is available."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1289
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">contact</envar>: String.  A free-form (but "
+"preferably brief) string identifying the person or group in charge of the "
+"repository.  This often contains the name and email address of a person or "
+"mailing list.  It often makes sense to place this entry in a repository's own "
+"<filename role=\"special\">.hg/hgrc</filename> file, but it can make sense to "
+"use in a global <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>\\ if every "
+"repository has a single maintainer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1300
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">maxchanges</envar>: Integer.  The default maximum "
+"number of changesets to display in a single page of output."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1304
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">maxfiles</envar>: Integer.  The default maximum "
+"number of modified files to display in a single page of output."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1308
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">stripes</envar>: Integer.  If the web interface "
+"displays alternating <quote>stripes</quote> to make it easier to visually "
+"align rows when you are looking at a table, this number controls the number "
+"of rows in each stripe."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1314
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">style</envar>: Controls the template Mercurial "
+"uses to display the web interface.  Mercurial ships with two web templates, "
+"named <literal>default</literal> and <literal>gitweb</literal> (the latter is "
+"much more visually attractive).  You can also specify a custom template of "
+"your own; see chapter <xref linkend=\"chap.template\"/> for details.  Here, "
+"you can see how to enable the <literal>gitweb</literal> style."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1325
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">templates</envar>: Path.  The directory in which "
+"to search for template files.  By default, Mercurial searches in the "
+"directory in which it was installed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1330
+msgid ""
+"If you are using <filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename>, you can "
+"place a few configuration items in a <literal role=\"rc-web\">web</literal> "
+"section of the <filename role=\"special\">hgweb.config</filename> file "
+"instead of a <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>\\ file, for "
+"convenience.  These items are <envar role=\"rc-item-web\">motd</envar> and "
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">style</envar>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1341
+msgid "Options specific to an individual repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1343
+msgid ""
+"A few <literal role=\"rc-web\">web</literal> configuration items ought to be "
+"placed in a repository's local <filename role=\"special\">.hg/hgrc</"
+"filename>, rather than a user's or global <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</"
+"filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1349
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">description</envar>: String.  A free-form (but "
+"preferably brief) string that describes the contents or purpose of the "
+"repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1354
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">name</envar>: String.  The name to use for the "
+"repository in the web interface.  This overrides the default name, which is "
+"the last component of the repository's path."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1362
+msgid ""
+"Options specific to the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1365
+msgid ""
+"Some of the items in the <literal role=\"rc-web\">web</literal> section of a "
+"<filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>\\ file are only for use with "
+"the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1371
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">accesslog</envar>: Path.  The name of a file into "
+"which to write an access log.  By default, the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"serve</command> command writes this information to standard output, not to a "
+"file.  Log entries are written in the standard <quote>combined</quote> file "
+"format used by almost all web servers."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1379
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">address</envar>: String.  The local address on "
+"which the server should listen for incoming connections.  By default, the "
+"server listens on all addresses."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1384
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">errorlog</envar>: Path.  The name of a file into "
+"which to write an error log.  By default, the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"serve</command> command writes this information to standard error, not to a "
+"file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1390
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">ipv6</envar>: Boolean.  Whether to use the IPv6 "
+"protocol. By default, IPv6 is not used."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1394
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">port</envar>: Integer.  The TCP port number on "
+"which the server should listen.  The default port number used is 8000."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1401
+msgid ""
+"Choosing the right <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>\\ file to "
+"add <literal role=\"rc-web\">web</literal> items to"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1405
+msgid ""
+"It is important to remember that a web server like Apache or "
+"<literal>lighttpd</literal> will run under a user ID that is different to "
+"yours. CGI scripts run by your server, such as <filename role=\"special"
+"\">hgweb.cgi</filename>, will usually also run under that user ID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch06-collab.xml:1412
+msgid ""
+"If you add <literal role=\"rc-web\">web</literal> items to your own personal "
+"<filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>\\ file, CGI scripts won't read "
+"that <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>\\ file.  Those settings "
+"will thus only affect the behaviour of the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</"
+"command> command when you run it.  To cause CGI scripts to see your settings, "
+"either create a <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>\\ file in the "
+"home directory of the user ID that runs your web server, or add those "
+"settings to a system-wide <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>\\ "
+"file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:5
+msgid "File names and pattern matching"
+msgstr "文件名称与模式匹配"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:7
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial provides mechanisms that let you work with file names in a "
+"consistent and expressive way."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:11
+msgid "Simple file naming"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:13
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial uses a unified piece of machinery <quote>under the hood</quote> to "
+"handle file names.  Every command behaves uniformly with respect to file "
+"names.  The way in which commands work with file names is as follows."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:18
+msgid ""
+"If you explicitly name real files on the command line, Mercurial works with "
+"exactly those files, as you would expect.  &interaction.filenames.files;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:22
+msgid ""
+"When you provide a directory name, Mercurial will interpret this as "
+"<quote>operate on every file in this directory and its subdirectories</"
+"quote>. Mercurial traverses the files and subdirectories in a directory in "
+"alphabetical order.  When it encounters a subdirectory, it will traverse that "
+"subdirectory before continuing with the current directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:33
+msgid "Running commands without any file names"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:35
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial's commands that work with file names have useful default behaviours "
+"when you invoke them without providing any file names or patterns.  What kind "
+"of behaviour you should expect depends on what the command does.  Here are a "
+"few rules of thumb you can use to predict what a command is likely to do if "
+"you don't give it any names to work with."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:42
+msgid ""
+"Most commands will operate on the entire working directory. This is what the "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command> command does, for example."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:46
+msgid ""
+"If the command has effects that are difficult or impossible to reverse, it "
+"will force you to explicitly provide at least one name or pattern (see "
+"below).  This protects you from accidentally deleting files by running "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg remove</command> with no arguments, for example."
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:54
+msgid ""
+"It's easy to work around these default behaviours if they don't suit you.  If "
+"a command normally operates on the whole working directory, you can invoke it "
+"on just the current directory and its subdirectories by giving it the name "
+"<quote><filename class=\"directory\">.</filename></quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:62
+msgid ""
+"Along the same lines, some commands normally print file names relative to the "
+"root of the repository, even if you're invoking them from a subdirectory.  "
+"Such a command will print file names relative to your subdirectory if you "
+"give it explicit names.  Here, we're going to run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"status</command> from a subdirectory, and get it to operate on the entire "
+"working directory while printing file names relative to our subdirectory, by "
+"passing it the output of the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg root</command> "
+"command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:76
+msgid "Telling you what's going on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:78
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command> example in the preceding "
+"section illustrates something else that's helpful about Mercurial commands.  "
+"If a command operates on a file that you didn't name explicitly on the "
+"command line, it will usually print the name of the file, so that you will "
+"not be surprised what's going on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:85
+msgid ""
+"The principle here is of <emphasis>least surprise</emphasis>.  If you've "
+"exactly named a file on the command line, there's no point in repeating it "
+"back at you.  If Mercurial is acting on a file <emphasis>implicitly</"
+"emphasis>, because you provided no names, or a directory, or a pattern (see "
+"below), it's safest to tell you what it's doing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:92
+msgid ""
+"For commands that behave this way, you can silence them using the <option "
+"role=\"hg-opt-global\">-q</option> option.  You can also get them to print "
+"the name of every file, even those you've named explicitly, using the <option "
+"role=\"hg-opt-global\">-v</option> option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:100
+msgid "Using patterns to identify files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:102
+msgid ""
+"In addition to working with file and directory names, Mercurial lets you use "
+"<emphasis>patterns</emphasis> to identify files.  Mercurial's pattern "
+"handling is expressive."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:106
+msgid ""
+"On Unix-like systems (Linux, MacOS, etc.), the job of matching file names to "
+"patterns normally falls to the shell.  On these systems, you must explicitly "
+"tell Mercurial that a name is a pattern.  On Windows, the shell does not "
+"expand patterns, so Mercurial will automatically identify names that are "
+"patterns, and expand them for you."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:113
+msgid ""
+"To provide a pattern in place of a regular name on the command line, the "
+"mechanism is simple:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:116
+msgid ""
+"That is, a pattern is identified by a short text string that says what kind "
+"of pattern this is, followed by a colon, followed by the actual pattern."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:120
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial supports two kinds of pattern syntax.  The most frequently used is "
+"called <literal>glob</literal>; this is the same kind of pattern matching "
+"used by the Unix shell, and should be familiar to Windows command prompt "
+"users, too."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:125
+msgid ""
+"When Mercurial does automatic pattern matching on Windows, it uses "
+"<literal>glob</literal> syntax.  You can thus omit the <quote><literal>glob:</"
+"literal></quote> prefix on Windows, but it's safe to use it, too."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:130
+msgid ""
+"The <literal>re</literal> syntax is more powerful; it lets you specify "
+"patterns using regular expressions, also known as regexps."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:134
+msgid ""
+"By the way, in the examples that follow, notice that I'm careful to wrap all "
+"of my patterns in quote characters, so that they won't get expanded by the "
+"shell before Mercurial sees them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:140
+msgid "Shell-style <literal>glob</literal> patterns"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:142
+msgid ""
+"This is an overview of the kinds of patterns you can use when you're matching "
+"on glob patterns."
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:145
+msgid ""
+"The <quote><literal>*</literal></quote> character matches any string, within "
+"a single directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:150
+msgid ""
+"The <quote><literal>**</literal></quote> pattern matches any string, and "
+"crosses directory boundaries.  It's not a standard Unix glob token, but it's "
+"accepted by several popular Unix shells, and is very useful."
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:157
+msgid ""
+"The <quote><literal>?</literal></quote> pattern matches any single character."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:162
+msgid ""
+"The <quote><literal>[</literal></quote> character begins a "
+"<emphasis>character class</emphasis>.  This matches any single character "
+"within the class.  The class ends with a <quote><literal>]</literal></quote> "
+"character.  A class may contain multiple <emphasis>range</emphasis>s of the "
+"form <quote><literal>a-f</literal></quote>, which is shorthand for "
+"<quote><literal>abcdef</literal></quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:172
+msgid ""
+"If the first character after the <quote><literal>[</literal></quote> in a "
+"character class is a <quote><literal>!</literal></quote>, it "
+"<emphasis>negates</emphasis> the class, making it match any single character "
+"not in the class."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:178
+msgid ""
+"A <quote><literal>{</literal></quote> begins a group of subpatterns, where "
+"the whole group matches if any subpattern in the group matches.  The "
+"<quote><literal>,</literal></quote> character separates subpatterns, and "
+"<quote><literal>}</literal></quote> ends the group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:187
+msgid "Watch out!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:189
+msgid ""
+"Don't forget that if you want to match a pattern in any directory, you should "
+"not be using the <quote><literal>*</literal></quote> match-any token, as this "
+"will only match within one directory.  Instead, use the <quote><literal>**</"
+"literal></quote> token.  This small example illustrates the difference "
+"between the two."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:201
+msgid "Regular expression matching with <literal>re</literal> patterns"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:204
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial accepts the same regular expression syntax as the Python "
+"programming language (it uses Python's regexp engine internally). This is "
+"based on the Perl language's regexp syntax, which is the most popular dialect "
+"in use (it's also used in Java, for example)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:210
+msgid ""
+"I won't discuss Mercurial's regexp dialect in any detail here, as regexps are "
+"not often used.  Perl-style regexps are in any case already exhaustively "
+"documented on a multitude of web sites, and in many books.  Instead, I will "
+"focus here on a few things you should know if you find yourself needing to "
+"use regexps with Mercurial."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:217
+msgid ""
+"A regexp is matched against an entire file name, relative to the root of the "
+"repository.  In other words, even if you're already in subbdirectory "
+"<filename class=\"directory\">foo</filename>, if you want to match files "
+"under this directory, your pattern must start with <quote><literal>foo/</"
+"literal></quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:224
+msgid ""
+"One thing to note, if you're familiar with Perl-style regexps, is that "
+"Mercurial's are <emphasis>rooted</emphasis>.  That is, a regexp starts "
+"matching against the beginning of a string; it doesn't look for a match "
+"anywhere within the string.  To match anywhere in a string, start your "
+"pattern with <quote><literal>.*</literal></quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:234
+msgid "Filtering files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:236
+msgid ""
+"Not only does Mercurial give you a variety of ways to specify files; it lets "
+"you further winnow those files using <emphasis>filters</emphasis>.  Commands "
+"that work with file names accept two filtering options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:241
+msgid ""
+"<option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-I</option>, or <option role=\"hg-opt-global"
+"\">--include</option>, lets you specify a pattern that file names must match "
+"in order to be processed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:246
+msgid ""
+"<option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-X</option>, or <option role=\"hg-opt-global"
+"\">--exclude</option>, gives you a way to <emphasis>avoid</emphasis> "
+"processing files, if they match this pattern."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:251
+msgid ""
+"You can provide multiple <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-I</option> and "
+"<option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-X</option> options on the command line, and "
+"intermix them as you please.  Mercurial interprets the patterns you provide "
+"using glob syntax by default (but you can use regexps if you need to)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:258
+msgid ""
+"You can read a <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-I</option> filter as "
+"<quote>process only the files that match this filter</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:264
+msgid ""
+"The <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-X</option> filter is best read as "
+"<quote>process only the files that don't match this pattern</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:272
+msgid "Ignoring unwanted files and directories"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:274
+msgid "XXX."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:278
+msgid "Case sensitivity"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:280
+msgid ""
+"If you're working in a mixed development environment that contains both Linux "
+"(or other Unix) systems and Macs or Windows systems, you should keep in the "
+"back of your mind the knowledge that they treat the case (<quote>N</quote> "
+"versus <quote>n</quote>) of file names in incompatible ways.  This is not "
+"very likely to affect you, and it's easy to deal with if it does, but it "
+"could surprise you if you don't know about it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:289
+msgid ""
+"Operating systems and filesystems differ in the way they handle the "
+"<emphasis>case</emphasis> of characters in file and directory names.  There "
+"are three common ways to handle case in names."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:294
+msgid ""
+"Completely case insensitive.  Uppercase and lowercase versions of a letter "
+"are treated as identical, both when creating a file and during subsequent "
+"accesses.  This is common on older DOS-based systems."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:299
+msgid ""
+"Case preserving, but insensitive.  When a file or directory is created, the "
+"case of its name is stored, and can be retrieved and displayed by the "
+"operating system.  When an existing file is being looked up, its case is "
+"ignored.  This is the standard arrangement on Windows and MacOS.  The names "
+"<filename>foo</filename> and <filename>FoO</filename> identify the same "
+"file.  This treatment of uppercase and lowercase letters as interchangeable "
+"is also referred to as <emphasis>case folding</emphasis>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:310
+msgid ""
+"Case sensitive.  The case of a name is significant at all times. The names "
+"<filename>foo</filename> and {FoO} identify different files.  This is the way "
+"Linux and Unix systems normally work."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:316
+msgid ""
+"On Unix-like systems, it is possible to have any or all of the above ways of "
+"handling case in action at once.  For example, if you use a USB thumb drive "
+"formatted with a FAT32 filesystem on a Linux system, Linux will handle names "
+"on that filesystem in a case preserving, but insensitive, way."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:323
+msgid "Safe, portable repository storage"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:325
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial's repository storage mechanism is <emphasis>case safe</emphasis>.  "
+"It translates file names so that they can be safely stored on both case "
+"sensitive and case insensitive filesystems.  This means that you can use "
+"normal file copying tools to transfer a Mercurial repository onto, for "
+"example, a USB thumb drive, and safely move that drive and repository back "
+"and forth between a Mac, a PC running Windows, and a Linux box."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:336
+msgid "Detecting case conflicts"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:338
+msgid ""
+"When operating in the working directory, Mercurial honours the naming policy "
+"of the filesystem where the working directory is located.  If the filesystem "
+"is case preserving, but insensitive, Mercurial will treat names that differ "
+"only in case as the same."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:344
+msgid ""
+"An important aspect of this approach is that it is possible to commit a "
+"changeset on a case sensitive (typically Linux or Unix) filesystem that will "
+"cause trouble for users on case insensitive (usually Windows and MacOS) "
+"users.  If a Linux user commits changes to two files, one named "
+"<filename>myfile.c</filename> and the other named <filename>MyFile.C</"
+"filename>, they will be stored correctly in the repository.  And in the "
+"working directories of other Linux users, they will be correctly represented "
+"as separate files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:355
+msgid ""
+"If a Windows or Mac user pulls this change, they will not initially have a "
+"problem, because Mercurial's repository storage mechanism is case safe.  "
+"However, once they try to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> the "
+"working directory to that changeset, or <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</"
+"command> with that changeset, Mercurial will spot the conflict between the "
+"two file names that the filesystem would treat as the same, and forbid the "
+"update or merge from occurring."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:367
+msgid "Fixing a case conflict"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:369
+msgid ""
+"If you are using Windows or a Mac in a mixed environment where some of your "
+"collaborators are using Linux or Unix, and Mercurial reports a case folding "
+"conflict when you try to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> or "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</command>, the procedure to fix the problem "
+"is simple."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:376
+msgid ""
+"Just find a nearby Linux or Unix box, clone the problem repository onto it, "
+"and use Mercurial's <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rename</command> command to "
+"change the names of any offending files or directories so that they will no "
+"longer cause case folding conflicts.  Commit this change, <command role=\"hg-"
+"cmd\">hg pull</command> or <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg push</command> it "
+"across to your Windows or MacOS system, and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"update</command> to the revision with the non-conflicting names."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:386
+msgid ""
+"The changeset with case-conflicting names will remain in your project's "
+"history, and you still won't be able to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</"
+"command> your working directory to that changeset on a Windows or MacOS "
+"system, but you can continue development unimpeded."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
+#: ../en/ch07-filenames.xml:393
+msgid ""
+"Prior to version 0.9.3, Mercurial did not use a case safe repository storage "
+"mechanism, and did not detect case folding conflicts.  If you are using an "
+"older version of Mercurial on Windows or MacOS, I strongly recommend that you "
+"upgrade."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:5
+msgid "Managing releases and branchy development"
+msgstr "发布管理与分支开发"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:7
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial provides several mechanisms for you to manage a project that is "
+"making progress on multiple fronts at once.  To understand these mechanisms, "
+"let's first take a brief look at a fairly normal software project structure."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:12
+msgid ""
+"Many software projects issue periodic <quote>major</quote> releases that "
+"contain substantial new features.  In parallel, they may issue <quote>minor</"
+"quote> releases.  These are usually identical to the major releases off which "
+"they're based, but with a few bugs fixed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:18
+msgid ""
+"In this chapter, we'll start by talking about how to keep records of project "
+"milestones such as releases.  We'll then continue on to talk about the flow "
+"of work between different phases of a project, and how Mercurial can help you "
+"to isolate and manage this work."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:25
+msgid "Giving a persistent name to a revision"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:27
+msgid ""
+"Once you decide that you'd like to call a particular revision a "
+"<quote>release</quote>, it's a good idea to record the identity of that "
+"revision. This will let you reproduce that release at a later date, for "
+"whatever purpose you might need at the time (reproducing a bug, porting to a "
+"new platform, etc).  &interaction.tag.init;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:34
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial lets you give a permanent name to any revision using the <command "
+"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tag</command> command.  Not surprisingly, these names are "
+"called <quote>tags</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:40
+msgid ""
+"A tag is nothing more than a <quote>symbolic name</quote> for a revision.  "
+"Tags exist purely for your convenience, so that you have a handy permanent "
+"way to refer to a revision; Mercurial doesn't interpret the tag names you use "
+"in any way.  Neither does Mercurial place any restrictions on the name of a "
+"tag, beyond a few that are necessary to ensure that a tag can be parsed "
+"unambiguously.  A tag name cannot contain any of the following characters:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:49
+msgid "Colon (ASCII 58, <quote><literal>:</literal></quote>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:52
+msgid "Carriage return (ASCII 13, <quote><literal>\\r</literal></quote>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:55
+msgid "Newline (ASCII 10, <quote><literal>\\n</literal></quote>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:59
+msgid ""
+"You can use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tags</command> command to display "
+"the tags present in your repository.  In the output, each tagged revision is "
+"identified first by its name, then by revision number, and finally by the "
+"unique hash of the revision."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:67
+msgid ""
+"Notice that <literal>tip</literal> is listed in the output of <command role="
+"\"hg-cmd\">hg tags</command>.  The <literal>tip</literal> tag is a special "
+"<quote>floating</quote> tag, which always identifies the newest revision in "
+"the repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:73
+msgid ""
+"In the output of the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tags</command> command, tags "
+"are listed in reverse order, by revision number.  This usually means that "
+"recent tags are listed before older tags.  It also means that <literal>tip</"
+"literal> is always going to be the first tag listed in the output of <command "
+"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tags</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:80
+msgid ""
+"When you run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command>, if it displays a "
+"revision that has tags associated with it, it will print those tags."
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:86
+msgid ""
+"Any time you need to provide a revision ID to a Mercurial command, the "
+"command will accept a tag name in its place.  Internally, Mercurial will "
+"translate your tag name into the corresponding revision ID, then use that."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:93
+msgid ""
+"There's no limit on the number of tags you can have in a repository, or on "
+"the number of tags that a single revision can have.  As a practical matter, "
+"it's not a great idea to have <quote>too many</quote> (a number which will "
+"vary from project to project), simply because tags are supposed to help you "
+"to find revisions.  If you have lots of tags, the ease of using them to "
+"identify revisions diminishes rapidly."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:101
+msgid ""
+"For example, if your project has milestones as frequent as every few days, "
+"it's perfectly reasonable to tag each one of those.  But if you have a "
+"continuous build system that makes sure every revision can be built cleanly, "
+"you'd be introducing a lot of noise if you were to tag every clean build.  "
+"Instead, you could tag failed builds (on the assumption that they're rare!), "
+"or simply not use tags to track buildability."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:109
+msgid ""
+"If you want to remove a tag that you no longer want, use <command role=\"hg-"
+"cmd\">hg tag --remove</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:114
+msgid ""
+"You can also modify a tag at any time, so that it identifies a different "
+"revision, by simply issuing a new <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tag</command> "
+"command. You'll have to use the <option role=\"hg-opt-tag\">-f</option> "
+"option to tell Mercurial that you <emphasis>really</emphasis> want to update "
+"the tag."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:123
+msgid ""
+"There will still be a permanent record of the previous identity of the tag, "
+"but Mercurial will no longer use it.  There's thus no penalty to tagging the "
+"wrong revision; all you have to do is turn around and tag the correct "
+"revision once you discover your error."
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:129
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial stores tags in a normal revision-controlled file in your "
+"repository.  If you've created any tags, you'll find them in a file named "
+"<filename role=\"special\">.hgtags</filename>.  When you run the <command "
+"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tag</command> command, Mercurial modifies this file, then "
+"automatically commits the change to it.  This means that every time you run "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tag</command>, you'll see a corresponding "
+"changeset in the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:142
+msgid "Handling tag conflicts during a merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:144
+msgid ""
+"You won't often need to care about the <filename role=\"special\">.hgtags</"
+"filename> file, but it sometimes makes its presence known during a merge.  "
+"The format of the file is simple: it consists of a series of lines.  Each "
+"line starts with a changeset hash, followed by a space, followed by the name "
+"of a tag."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:151
+msgid ""
+"If you're resolving a conflict in the <filename role=\"special\">.hgtags</"
+"filename> file during a merge, there's one twist to modifying the <filename "
+"role=\"special\">.hgtags</filename> file: when Mercurial is parsing the tags "
+"in a repository, it <emphasis>never</emphasis> reads the working copy of the "
+"<filename role=\"special\">.hgtags</filename> file.  Instead, it reads the "
+"<emphasis>most recently committed</emphasis> revision of the file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:161
+msgid ""
+"An unfortunate consequence of this design is that you can't actually verify "
+"that your merged <filename role=\"special\">.hgtags</filename> file is "
+"correct until <emphasis>after</emphasis> you've committed a change.  So if "
+"you find yourself resolving a conflict on <filename role=\"special\">.hgtags</"
+"filename> during a merge, be sure to run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tags</"
+"command> after you commit.  If it finds an error in the <filename role="
+"\"special\">.hgtags</filename> file, it will report the location of the "
+"error, which you can then fix and commit.  You should then run <command role="
+"\"hg-cmd\">hg tags</command> again, just to be sure that your fix is correct."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:176
+msgid "Tags and cloning"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:178
+msgid ""
+"You may have noticed that the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg clone</command> "
+"command has a <option role=\"hg-opt-clone\">-r</option> option that lets you "
+"clone an exact copy of the repository as of a particular changeset.  The new "
+"clone will not contain any project history that comes after the revision you "
+"specified.  This has an interaction with tags that can surprise the unwary."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:186
+msgid ""
+"Recall that a tag is stored as a revision to the <filename role=\"special\">."
+"hgtags</filename> file, so that when you create a tag, the changeset in which "
+"it's recorded necessarily refers to an older changeset.  When you run "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg clone -r foo</command> to clone a repository as "
+"of tag <literal>foo</literal>, the new clone <emphasis>will not contain the "
+"history that created the tag</emphasis> that you used to clone the "
+"repository.  The result is that you'll get exactly the right subset of the "
+"project's history in the new repository, but <emphasis>not</emphasis> the tag "
+"you might have expected."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:201
+msgid "When permanent tags are too much"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:203
+msgid ""
+"Since Mercurial's tags are revision controlled and carried around with a "
+"project's history, everyone you work with will see the tags you create.  But "
+"giving names to revisions has uses beyond simply noting that revision "
+"<literal>4237e45506ee</literal> is really <literal>v2.0.2</literal>.  If "
+"you're trying to track down a subtle bug, you might want a tag to remind you "
+"of something like <quote>Anne saw the symptoms with this revision</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:213
+msgid ""
+"For cases like this, what you might want to use are <emphasis>local</"
+"emphasis> tags. You can create a local tag with the <option role=\"hg-opt-tag"
+"\">-l</option> option to the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tag</command> "
+"command.  This will store the tag in a file called <filename role=\"special"
+"\">.hg/localtags</filename>.  Unlike <filename role=\"special\">.hgtags</"
+"filename>, <filename role=\"special\">.hg/localtags</filename> is not "
+"revision controlled.  Any tags you create using <option role=\"hg-opt-tag\">-"
+"l</option> remain strictly local to the repository you're currently working "
+"in."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:228
+msgid "The flow of changes&emdash;big picture vs. little"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:230
+msgid ""
+"To return to the outline I sketched at the beginning of a chapter, let's "
+"think about a project that has multiple concurrent pieces of work under "
+"development at once."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:234
+msgid ""
+"There might be a push for a new <quote>main</quote> release; a new minor "
+"bugfix release to the last main release; and an unexpected <quote>hot fix</"
+"quote> to an old release that is now in maintenance mode."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:239
+msgid ""
+"The usual way people refer to these different concurrent directions of "
+"development is as <quote>branches</quote>.  However, we've already seen "
+"numerous times that Mercurial treats <emphasis>all of history</emphasis> as a "
+"series of branches and merges.  Really, what we have here is two ideas that "
+"are peripherally related, but which happen to share a name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:246
+msgid ""
+"<quote>Big picture</quote> branches represent the sweep of a project's "
+"evolution; people give them names, and talk about them in conversation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:250
+msgid ""
+"<quote>Little picture</quote> branches are artefacts of the day-to-day "
+"activity of developing and merging changes.  They expose the narrative of how "
+"the code was developed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:258
+msgid "Managing big-picture branches in repositories"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:260
+msgid ""
+"The easiest way to isolate a <quote>big picture</quote> branch in Mercurial "
+"is in a dedicated repository.  If you have an existing shared "
+"repository&emdash;let's call it <literal>myproject</literal>&emdash;that "
+"reaches a <quote>1.0</quote> milestone, you can start to prepare for future "
+"maintenance releases on top of version 1.0 by tagging the revision from which "
+"you prepared the 1.0 release."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:270
+msgid ""
+"You can then clone a new shared <literal>myproject-1.0.1</literal> repository "
+"as of that tag."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:276
+msgid ""
+"Afterwards, if someone needs to work on a bug fix that ought to go into an "
+"upcoming 1.0.1 minor release, they clone the <literal>myproject-1.0.1</"
+"literal> repository, make their changes, and push them back."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:283
+msgid ""
+"Meanwhile, development for the next major release can continue, isolated and "
+"unabated, in the <literal>myproject</literal> repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:291
+msgid "Don't repeat yourself: merging across branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:293
+msgid ""
+"In many cases, if you have a bug to fix on a maintenance branch, the chances "
+"are good that the bug exists on your project's main branch (and possibly "
+"other maintenance branches, too).  It's a rare developer who wants to fix the "
+"same bug multiple times, so let's look at a few ways that Mercurial can help "
+"you to manage these bugfixes without duplicating your work."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:301
+msgid ""
+"In the simplest instance, all you need to do is pull changes from your "
+"maintenance branch into your local clone of the target branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:307
+msgid ""
+"You'll then need to merge the heads of the two branches, and push back to the "
+"main branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:314
+msgid "Naming branches within one repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:316
+msgid ""
+"In most instances, isolating branches in repositories is the right approach.  "
+"Its simplicity makes it easy to understand; and so it's hard to make "
+"mistakes.  There's a one-to-one relationship between branches you're working "
+"in and directories on your system.  This lets you use normal (non-Mercurial-"
+"aware)  tools to work on files within a branch/repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:323
+msgid ""
+"If you're more in the <quote>power user</quote> category (<emphasis>and</"
+"emphasis> your collaborators are too), there is an alternative way of "
+"handling branches that you can consider.  I've already mentioned the human-"
+"level distinction between <quote>small picture</quote> and <quote>big "
+"picture</quote> branches.  While Mercurial works with multiple <quote>small "
+"picture</quote> branches in a repository all the time (for example after you "
+"pull changes in, but before you merge them), it can <emphasis>also</emphasis> "
+"work with multiple <quote>big picture</quote> branches."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:334
+msgid ""
+"The key to working this way is that Mercurial lets you assign a persistent "
+"<emphasis>name</emphasis> to a branch.  There always exists a branch named "
+"<literal>default</literal>.  Even before you start naming branches yourself, "
+"you can find traces of the <literal>default</literal> branch if you look for "
+"them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:341
+msgid ""
+"As an example, when you run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> "
+"command, and it pops up your editor so that you can enter a commit message, "
+"look for a line that contains the text <quote><literal>HG: branch default</"
+"literal></quote> at the bottom. This is telling you that your commit will "
+"occur on the branch named <literal>default</literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:348
+msgid ""
+"To start working with named branches, use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"branches</command> command.  This command lists the named branches already "
+"present in your repository, telling you which changeset is the tip of each."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:355
+msgid ""
+"Since you haven't created any named branches yet, the only one that exists is "
+"<literal>default</literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:358
+msgid ""
+"To find out what the <quote>current</quote> branch is, run the <command role="
+"\"hg-cmd\">hg branch</command> command, giving it no arguments.  This tells "
+"you what branch the parent of the current changeset is on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:365
+msgid ""
+"To create a new branch, run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg branch</command> "
+"command again.  This time, give it one argument: the name of the branch you "
+"want to create."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:371
+msgid ""
+"After you've created a branch, you might wonder what effect the <command role="
+"\"hg-cmd\">hg branch</command> command has had.  What do the <command role="
+"\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tip</command> "
+"commands report?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:378
+msgid ""
+"Nothing has changed in the working directory, and there's been no new history "
+"created.  As this suggests, running the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg branch</"
+"command> command has no permanent effect; it only tells Mercurial what branch "
+"name to use the <emphasis>next</emphasis> time you commit a changeset."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:385
+msgid ""
+"When you commit a change, Mercurial records the name of the branch on which "
+"you committed.  Once you've switched from the <literal>default</literal> "
+"branch to another and committed, you'll see the name of the new branch show "
+"up in the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command>, <command role="
+"\"hg-cmd\">hg tip</command>, and other commands that display the same kind of "
+"output."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:395
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command>-like commands will print the "
+"branch name of every changeset that's not on the <literal>default</literal> "
+"branch.  As a result, if you never use named branches, you'll never see this "
+"information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:400
+msgid ""
+"Once you've named a branch and committed a change with that name, every "
+"subsequent commit that descends from that change will inherit the same branch "
+"name.  You can change the name of a branch at any time, using the <command "
+"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg branch</command> command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:408
+msgid ""
+"In practice, this is something you won't do very often, as branch names tend "
+"to have fairly long lifetimes.  (This isn't a rule, just an observation.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:414
+msgid "Dealing with multiple named branches in a repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:417
+msgid ""
+"If you have more than one named branch in a repository, Mercurial will "
+"remember the branch that your working directory on when you start a command "
+"like <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> or <command role=\"hg-cmd"
+"\">hg pull -u</command>.  It will update the working directory to the tip of "
+"this branch, no matter what the <quote>repo-wide</quote> tip is.  To update "
+"to a revision that's on a different named branch, you may need to use the "
+"<option role=\"hg-opt-update\">-C</option> option to <command role=\"hg-cmd"
+"\">hg update</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:427
+msgid ""
+"This behaviour is a little subtle, so let's see it in action.  First, let's "
+"remind ourselves what branch we're currently on, and what branches are in our "
+"repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:433
+msgid ""
+"We're on the <literal>bar</literal> branch, but there also exists an older "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg foo</command> branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:437
+msgid ""
+"We can <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> back and forth between "
+"the tips of the <literal>foo</literal> and <literal>bar</literal> branches "
+"without needing to use the <option role=\"hg-opt-update\">-C</option> option, "
+"because this only involves going backwards and forwards linearly through our "
+"change history."
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:446
+msgid ""
+"If we go back to the <literal>foo</literal> branch and then run <command role="
+"\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command>, it will keep us on <literal>foo</literal>, "
+"not move us to the tip of <literal>bar</literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:453
+msgid ""
+"Committing a new change on the <literal>foo</literal> branch introduces a new "
+"head."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:460
+msgid "Branch names and merging"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:462
+msgid ""
+"As you've probably noticed, merges in Mercurial are not symmetrical. Let's "
+"say our repository has two heads, 17 and 23.  If I <command role=\"hg-cmd"
+"\">hg update</command> to 17 and then <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</"
+"command> with 23, Mercurial records 17 as the first parent of the merge, and "
+"23 as the second.  Whereas if I <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> "
+"to 23 and then <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</command> with 17, it "
+"records 23 as the first parent, and 17 as the second."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:472
+msgid ""
+"This affects Mercurial's choice of branch name when you merge.  After a "
+"merge, Mercurial will retain the branch name of the first parent when you "
+"commit the result of the merge.  If your first parent's branch name is "
+"<literal>foo</literal>, and you merge with <literal>bar</literal>, the branch "
+"name will still be <literal>foo</literal> after you merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:479
+msgid ""
+"It's not unusual for a repository to contain multiple heads, each with the "
+"same branch name.  Let's say I'm working on the <literal>foo</literal> "
+"branch, and so are you.  We commit different changes; I pull your changes; I "
+"now have two heads, each claiming to be on the <literal>foo</literal> "
+"branch.  The result of a merge will be a single head on the <literal>foo</"
+"literal> branch, as you might hope."
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:487
+msgid ""
+"But if I'm working on the <literal>bar</literal> branch, and I merge work "
+"from the <literal>foo</literal> branch, the result will remain on the "
+"<literal>bar</literal> branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:493
+msgid ""
+"To give a more concrete example, if I'm working on the <literal>bleeding-"
+"edge</literal> branch, and I want to bring in the latest fixes from the "
+"<literal>stable</literal> branch, Mercurial will choose the <quote>right</"
+"quote> (<literal>bleeding-edge</literal>) branch name when I pull and merge "
+"from <literal>stable</literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:502
+msgid "Branch naming is generally useful"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:504
+msgid ""
+"You shouldn't think of named branches as applicable only to situations where "
+"you have multiple long-lived branches cohabiting in a single repository.  "
+"They're very useful even in the one-branch-per-repository case."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:509
+msgid ""
+"In the simplest case, giving a name to each branch gives you a permanent "
+"record of which branch a changeset originated on.  This gives you more "
+"context when you're trying to follow the history of a long-lived branchy "
+"project."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch08-branch.xml:514
+msgid ""
+"If you're working with shared repositories, you can set up a <literal role="
+"\"hook\">pretxnchangegroup</literal> hook on each that will block incoming "
+"changes that have the <quote>wrong</quote> branch name.  This provides a "
+"simple, but effective, defence against people accidentally pushing changes "
+"from a <quote>bleeding edge</quote> branch to a <quote>stable</quote> "
+"branch.  Such a hook might look like this inside the shared repo's <filename "
+"role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:5
+msgid "Finding and fixing mistakes"
+msgstr "查找和修改错误"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:7
+msgid ""
+"To err might be human, but to really handle the consequences well takes a top-"
+"notch revision control system.  In this chapter, we'll discuss some of the "
+"techniques you can use when you find that a problem has crept into your "
+"project.  Mercurial has some highly capable features that will help you to "
+"isolate the sources of problems, and to handle them appropriately."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:15
+msgid "Erasing local history"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:18
+msgid "The accidental commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:20
+msgid ""
+"I have the occasional but persistent problem of typing rather more quickly "
+"than I can think, which sometimes results in me committing a changeset that "
+"is either incomplete or plain wrong.  In my case, the usual kind of "
+"incomplete changeset is one in which I've created a new source file, but "
+"forgotten to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command> it.  A <quote>plain "
+"wrong</quote> changeset is not as common, but no less annoying."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:31
+msgid "Rolling back a transaction"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:33
+msgid ""
+"In section <xref linkend=\"sec.concepts.txn\"/>, I mentioned that Mercurial "
+"treats each modification of a repository as a <emphasis>transaction</"
+"emphasis>.  Every time you commit a changeset or pull changes from another "
+"repository, Mercurial remembers what you did.  You can undo, or "
+"<emphasis>roll back</emphasis>, exactly one of these actions using the "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rollback</command> command.  (See section <xref "
+"linkend=\"sec.undo.rollback-after-push\"/> for an important caveat about the "
+"use of this command.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:43
+msgid ""
+"Here's a mistake that I often find myself making: committing a change in "
+"which I've created a new file, but forgotten to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"add</command> it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:50
+msgid ""
+"Looking at the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> after "
+"the commit immediately confirms the error."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:56
+msgid ""
+"The commit captured the changes to the file <filename>a</filename>, but not "
+"the new file <filename>b</filename>.  If I were to push this changeset to a "
+"repository that I shared with a colleague, the chances are high that "
+"something in <filename>a</filename> would refer to <filename>b</filename>, "
+"which would not be present in their repository when they pulled my changes.  "
+"I would thus become the object of some indignation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:65
+msgid ""
+"However, luck is with me&emdash;I've caught my error before I pushed the "
+"changeset.  I use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rollback</command> command, "
+"and Mercurial makes that last changeset vanish."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:72
+msgid ""
+"Notice that the changeset is no longer present in the repository's history, "
+"and the working directory once again thinks that the file <filename>a</"
+"filename> is modified.  The commit and rollback have left the working "
+"directory exactly as it was prior to the commit; the changeset has been "
+"completely erased.  I can now safely <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</"
+"command> the file <filename>b</filename>, and rerun my commit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:85
+msgid "The erroneous pull"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:87
+msgid ""
+"It's common practice with Mercurial to maintain separate development branches "
+"of a project in different repositories.  Your development team might have one "
+"shared repository for your project's <quote>0.9</quote> release, and another, "
+"containing different changes, for the <quote>1.0</quote> release."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:94
+msgid ""
+"Given this, you can imagine that the consequences could be messy if you had a "
+"local <quote>0.9</quote> repository, and accidentally pulled changes from the "
+"shared <quote>1.0</quote> repository into it.  At worst, you could be paying "
+"insufficient attention, and push those changes into the shared <quote>0.9</"
+"quote> tree, confusing your entire team (but don't worry, we'll return to "
+"this horror scenario later).  However, it's more likely that you'll notice "
+"immediately, because Mercurial will display the URL it's pulling from, or you "
+"will see it pull a suspiciously large number of changes into the repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:106
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rollback</command> command will work nicely "
+"to expunge all of the changesets that you just pulled.  Mercurial groups all "
+"changes from one <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> into a single "
+"transaction, so one <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rollback</command> is all you "
+"need to undo this mistake."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:115
+msgid "Rolling back is useless once you've pushed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:117
+msgid ""
+"The value of the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rollback</command> command drops "
+"to zero once you've pushed your changes to another repository.  Rolling back "
+"a change makes it disappear entirely, but <emphasis>only</emphasis> in the "
+"repository in which you perform the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rollback</"
+"command>.  Because a rollback eliminates history, there's no way for the "
+"disappearance of a change to propagate between repositories."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:126
+msgid ""
+"If you've pushed a change to another repository&emdash;particularly if it's a "
+"shared repository&emdash;it has essentially <quote>escaped into the wild,</"
+"quote> and you'll have to recover from your mistake in a different way.  What "
+"will happen if you push a changeset somewhere, then roll it back, then pull "
+"from the repository you pushed to, is that the changeset will reappear in "
+"your repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:135
+msgid ""
+"(If you absolutely know for sure that the change you want to roll back is the "
+"most recent change in the repository that you pushed to, <emphasis>and</"
+"emphasis> you know that nobody else could have pulled it from that "
+"repository, you can roll back the changeset there, too, but you really should "
+"really not rely on this working reliably.  If you do this, sooner or later a "
+"change really will make it into a repository that you don't directly control "
+"(or have forgotten about), and come back to bite you.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:147
+msgid "You can only roll back once"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:149
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial stores exactly one transaction in its transaction log; that "
+"transaction is the most recent one that occurred in the repository. This "
+"means that you can only roll back one transaction.  If you expect to be able "
+"to roll back one transaction, then its predecessor, this is not the behaviour "
+"you will get."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:158
+msgid ""
+"Once you've rolled back one transaction in a repository, you can't roll back "
+"again in that repository until you perform another commit or pull."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:165
+msgid "Reverting the mistaken change"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:167
+msgid ""
+"If you make a modification to a file, and decide that you really didn't want "
+"to change the file at all, and you haven't yet committed your changes, the "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg revert</command> command is the one you'll need.  "
+"It looks at the changeset that's the parent of the working directory, and "
+"restores the contents of the file to their state as of that changeset. "
+"(That's a long-winded way of saying that, in the normal case, it undoes your "
+"modifications.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:176
+msgid ""
+"Let's illustrate how the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg revert</command> command "
+"works with yet another small example.  We'll begin by modifying a file that "
+"Mercurial is already tracking."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:183
+msgid ""
+"If we don't want that change, we can simply <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"revert</command> the file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:189
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg revert</command> command provides us with an "
+"extra degree of safety by saving our modified file with a <filename>.orig</"
+"filename> extension."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:196
+msgid ""
+"Here is a summary of the cases that the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg revert</"
+"command> command can deal with.  We will describe each of these in more "
+"detail in the section that follows."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:201
+msgid "If you modify a file, it will restore the file to its unmodified state."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:204
+msgid ""
+"If you <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command> a file, it will undo the "
+"<quote>added</quote> state of the file, but leave the file itself untouched."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:208
+msgid ""
+"If you delete a file without telling Mercurial, it will restore the file to "
+"its unmodified contents."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:211
+msgid ""
+"If you use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg remove</command> command to remove "
+"a file, it will undo the <quote>removed</quote> state of the file, and "
+"restore the file to its unmodified contents."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:218
+msgid "File management errors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:220
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg revert</command> command is useful for more "
+"than just modified files.  It lets you reverse the results of all of "
+"Mercurial's file management commands&emdash;<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</"
+"command>, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg remove</command>, and so on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:226
+msgid ""
+"If you <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command> a file, then decide that in "
+"fact you don't want Mercurial to track it, use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"revert</command> to undo the add.  Don't worry; Mercurial will not modify the "
+"file in any way.  It will just <quote>unmark</quote> the file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:234
+msgid ""
+"Similarly, if you ask Mercurial to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg remove</"
+"command> a file, you can use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg revert</command> to "
+"restore it to the contents it had as of the parent of the working directory.  "
+"&interaction.daily.revert.remove; This works just as well for a file that you "
+"deleted by hand, without telling Mercurial (recall that in Mercurial "
+"terminology, this kind of file is called <quote>missing</quote>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:245
+msgid ""
+"If you revert a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command>, the copied-to "
+"file remains in your working directory afterwards, untracked.  Since a copy "
+"doesn't affect the copied-from file in any way, Mercurial doesn't do anything "
+"with the copied-from file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:254
+msgid "A slightly special case: reverting a rename"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:256
+msgid ""
+"If you <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rename</command> a file, there is one "
+"small detail that you should remember.  When you <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"revert</command> a rename, it's not enough to provide the name of the renamed-"
+"to file, as you can see here."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:264
+msgid ""
+"As you can see from the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</"
+"command>, the renamed-to file is no longer identified as added, but the "
+"renamed-<emphasis>from</emphasis> file is still removed! This is counter-"
+"intuitive (at least to me), but at least it's easy to deal with."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:273
+msgid ""
+"So remember, to revert a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rename</command>, you "
+"must provide <emphasis>both</emphasis> the source and destination names."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:278
+msgid "% TODO: the output doesn't look like it will be removed!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:281
+msgid ""
+"(By the way, if you rename a file, then modify the renamed-to file, then "
+"revert both components of the rename, when Mercurial restores the file that "
+"was removed as part of the rename, it will be unmodified. If you need the "
+"modifications in the renamed-to file to show up in the renamed-from file, "
+"don't forget to copy them over.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:288
+msgid ""
+"These fiddly aspects of reverting a rename arguably constitute a small bug in "
+"Mercurial."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:295
+msgid "Dealing with committed changes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:297
+msgid ""
+"Consider a case where you have committed a change $a$, and another change $b$ "
+"on top of it; you then realise that change $a$ was incorrect.  Mercurial lets "
+"you <quote>back out</quote> an entire changeset automatically, and building "
+"blocks that let you reverse part of a changeset by hand."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:303
+msgid ""
+"Before you read this section, here's something to keep in mind: the <command "
+"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command undoes changes by "
+"<emphasis>adding</emphasis> history, not by modifying or erasing it.  It's "
+"the right tool to use if you're fixing bugs, but not if you're trying to undo "
+"some change that has catastrophic consequences.  To deal with those, see "
+"section <xref linkend=\"sec.undo.aaaiiieee\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:312
+msgid "Backing out a changeset"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:314
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command lets you "
+"<quote>undo</quote> the effects of an entire changeset in an automated "
+"fashion.  Because Mercurial's history is immutable, this command "
+"<emphasis>does not</emphasis> get rid of the changeset you want to undo.  "
+"Instead, it creates a new changeset that <emphasis>reverses</emphasis> the "
+"effect of the to-be-undone changeset."
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:323
+msgid ""
+"The operation of the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command is "
+"a little intricate, so let's illustrate it with some examples.  First, we'll "
+"create a repository with some simple changes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:330
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command takes a single "
+"changeset ID as its argument; this is the changeset to back out.  Normally, "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> will drop you into a text "
+"editor to write a commit message, so you can record why you're backing the "
+"change out.  In this example, we provide a commit message on the command line "
+"using the <option role=\"hg-opt-backout\">-m</option> option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:341
+msgid "Backing out the tip changeset"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:343
+msgid "We're going to start by backing out the last changeset we committed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:348
+msgid ""
+"You can see that the second line from <filename>myfile</filename> is no "
+"longer present.  Taking a look at the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"log</command> gives us an idea of what the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"backout</command> command has done.  &interaction.backout.simple.log; Notice "
+"that the new changeset that <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> has "
+"created is a child of the changeset we backed out.  It's easier to see this "
+"in figure <xref linkend=\"fig.undo.backout\"/>, which presents a graphical "
+"view of the change history.  As you can see, the history is nice and linear."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:362
+msgid ""
+"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/undo-simple.png\"/></imageobject>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:364 ../en/ch09-undo.xml:477
+msgid ""
+"Backing out a change using the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> "
+"command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:373
+msgid "Backing out a non-tip change"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:375
+msgid ""
+"If you want to back out a change other than the last one you committed, pass "
+"the <option role=\"hg-opt-backout\">--merge</option> option to the <command "
+"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:382
+msgid ""
+"This makes backing out any changeset a <quote>one-shot</quote> operation "
+"that's usually simple and fast."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:388
+msgid ""
+"If you take a look at the contents of <filename>myfile</filename> after the "
+"backout finishes, you'll see that the first and third changes are present, "
+"but not the second."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:395
+msgid ""
+"As the graphical history in figure <xref linkend=\"fig.undo.backout-non-tip\"/"
+"> illustrates, Mercurial actually commits <emphasis>two</emphasis> changes in "
+"this kind of situation (the box-shaped nodes are the ones that Mercurial "
+"commits automatically).  Before Mercurial begins the backout process, it "
+"first remembers what the current parent of the working directory is.  It then "
+"backs out the target changeset, and commits that as a changeset.  Finally, it "
+"merges back to the previous parent of the working directory, and commits the "
+"result of the merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:406
+msgid ""
+"% TODO: to me it looks like mercurial doesn't commit the second merge "
+"automatically!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:410
+msgid ""
+"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/undo-non-tip.png\"/></imageobject>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:412
+msgid ""
+"Automated backout of a non-tip change using the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"backout</command> command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:418
+msgid ""
+"The result is that you end up <quote>back where you were</quote>, only with "
+"some extra history that undoes the effect of the changeset you wanted to back "
+"out."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:423
+msgid "Always use the <option role=\"hg-opt-backout\">--merge</option> option"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:426
+msgid ""
+"In fact, since the <option role=\"hg-opt-backout\">--merge</option> option "
+"will do the <quote>right thing</quote> whether or not the changeset you're "
+"backing out is the tip (i.e. it won't try to merge if it's backing out the "
+"tip, since there's no need), you should <emphasis>always</emphasis> use this "
+"option when you run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:437
+msgid "Gaining more control of the backout process"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:439
+msgid ""
+"While I've recommended that you always use the <option role=\"hg-opt-backout"
+"\">--merge</option> option when backing out a change, the <command role=\"hg-"
+"cmd\">hg backout</command> command lets you decide how to merge a backout "
+"changeset.  Taking control of the backout process by hand is something you "
+"will rarely need to do, but it can be useful to understand what the <command "
+"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command is doing for you automatically.  "
+"To illustrate this, let's clone our first repository, but omit the backout "
+"change that it contains."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:452
+msgid ""
+"As with our earlier example, We'll commit a third changeset, then back out "
+"its parent, and see what happens."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:458
+msgid ""
+"Our new changeset is again a descendant of the changeset we backout out; it's "
+"thus a new head, <emphasis>not</emphasis> a descendant of the changeset that "
+"was the tip.  The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command was "
+"quite explicit in telling us this."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:466
+msgid ""
+"Again, it's easier to see what has happened by looking at a graph of the "
+"revision history, in figure <xref linkend=\"fig.undo.backout-manual\"/>.  "
+"This makes it clear that when we use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</"
+"command> to back out a change other than the tip, Mercurial adds a new head "
+"to the repository (the change it committed is box-shaped)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:475
+msgid ""
+"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/undo-manual.png\"/></imageobject>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:484
+msgid ""
+"After the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command has "
+"completed, it leaves the new <quote>backout</quote> changeset as the parent "
+"of the working directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:491
+msgid "Now we have two isolated sets of changes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:495
+msgid ""
+"Let's think about what we expect to see as the contents of <filename>myfile</"
+"filename> now.  The first change should be present, because we've never "
+"backed it out.  The second change should be missing, as that's the change we "
+"backed out.  Since the history graph shows the third change as a separate "
+"head, we <emphasis>don't</emphasis> expect to see the third change present in "
+"<filename>myfile</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:505
+msgid ""
+"To get the third change back into the file, we just do a normal merge of our "
+"two heads."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:510
+msgid ""
+"Afterwards, the graphical history of our repository looks like figure <xref "
+"linkend=\"fig.undo.backout-manual-merge\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:515
+msgid ""
+"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/undo-manual-merge.png\"/></"
+"imageobject>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:517
+msgid "Manually merging a backout change"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:524
+msgid "Why <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> works as it does"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:527
+msgid ""
+"Here's a brief description of how the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</"
+"command> command works."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:530
+msgid ""
+"It ensures that the working directory is <quote>clean</quote>, i.e. that the "
+"output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> would be empty."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:534
+msgid ""
+"It remembers the current parent of the working directory.  Let's call this "
+"changeset <literal>orig</literal>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:538
+msgid ""
+"It does the equivalent of a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> to "
+"sync the working directory to the changeset you want to back out.  Let's call "
+"this changeset <literal>backout</literal>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:543
+msgid ""
+"It finds the parent of that changeset.  Let's call that changeset "
+"<literal>parent</literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:546
+msgid ""
+"For each file that the <literal>backout</literal> changeset affected, it does "
+"the equivalent of a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg revert -r parent</command> on "
+"that file, to restore it to the contents it had before that changeset was "
+"committed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:553
+msgid ""
+"It commits the result as a new changeset.  This changeset has "
+"<literal>backout</literal> as its parent."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:557
+msgid ""
+"If you specify <option role=\"hg-opt-backout\">--merge</option> on the "
+"command line, it merges with <literal>orig</literal>, and commits the result "
+"of the merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:563
+msgid ""
+"An alternative way to implement the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</"
+"command> command would be to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg export</command> the "
+"to-be-backed-out changeset as a diff, then use the <option role=\"cmd-opt-"
+"patch\">--reverse</option> option to the <command>patch</command> command to "
+"reverse the effect of the change without fiddling with the working "
+"directory.  This sounds much simpler, but it would not work nearly as well."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:573
+msgid ""
+"The reason that <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> does an update, "
+"a commit, a merge, and another commit is to give the merge machinery the best "
+"chance to do a good job when dealing with all the changes <emphasis>between</"
+"emphasis> the change you're backing out and the current tip."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:580
+msgid ""
+"If you're backing out a changeset that's 100 revisions back in your project's "
+"history, the chances that the <command>patch</command> command will be able "
+"to apply a reverse diff cleanly are not good, because intervening changes are "
+"likely to have <quote>broken the context</quote> that <command>patch</"
+"command> uses to determine whether it can apply a patch (if this sounds like "
+"gibberish, see <xref linkend=\"sec.mq.patch\"/> for a discussion of the "
+"<command>patch</command> command).  Also, Mercurial's merge machinery will "
+"handle files and directories being renamed, permission changes, and "
+"modifications to binary files, none of which <command>patch</command> can "
+"deal with."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:597
+msgid "Changes that should never have been"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:599
+msgid ""
+"Most of the time, the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command "
+"is exactly what you need if you want to undo the effects of a change.  It "
+"leaves a permanent record of exactly what you did, both when committing the "
+"original changeset and when you cleaned up after it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:605
+msgid ""
+"On rare occasions, though, you may find that you've committed a change that "
+"really should not be present in the repository at all.  For example, it would "
+"be very unusual, and usually considered a mistake, to commit a software "
+"project's object files as well as its source files.  Object files have almost "
+"no intrinsic value, and they're <emphasis>big</emphasis>, so they increase "
+"the size of the repository and the amount of time it takes to clone or pull "
+"changes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:614
+msgid ""
+"Before I discuss the options that you have if you commit a <quote>brown paper "
+"bag</quote> change (the kind that's so bad that you want to pull a brown "
+"paper bag over your head), let me first discuss some approaches that probably "
+"won't work."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:619
+msgid ""
+"Since Mercurial treats history as accumulative&emdash;every change builds on "
+"top of all changes that preceded it&emdash;you generally can't just make "
+"disastrous changes disappear.  The one exception is when you've just "
+"committed a change, and it hasn't been pushed or pulled into another "
+"repository.  That's when you can safely use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"rollback</command> command, as I detailed in section <xref linkend=\"sec.undo."
+"rollback\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:628
+msgid ""
+"After you've pushed a bad change to another repository, you <emphasis>could</"
+"emphasis> still use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rollback</command> to make "
+"your local copy of the change disappear, but it won't have the consequences "
+"you want.  The change will still be present in the remote repository, so it "
+"will reappear in your local repository the next time you pull."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:636
+msgid ""
+"If a situation like this arises, and you know which repositories your bad "
+"change has propagated into, you can <emphasis>try</emphasis> to get rid of "
+"the changeefrom <emphasis>every</emphasis> one of those repositories.  This "
+"is, of course, not a satisfactory solution: if you miss even a single "
+"repository while you're expunging, the change is still <quote>in the wild</"
+"quote>, and could propagate further."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:644
+msgid ""
+"If you've committed one or more changes <emphasis>after</emphasis> the change "
+"that you'd like to see disappear, your options are further reduced. Mercurial "
+"doesn't provide a way to <quote>punch a hole</quote> in history, leaving "
+"changesets intact."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:650
+msgid ""
+"XXX This needs filling out.  The <literal>hg-replay</literal> script in the "
+"<literal>examples</literal> directory works, but doesn't handle merge "
+"changesets.  Kind of an important omission."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:656
+msgid "Protect yourself from <quote>escaped</quote> changes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:659
+msgid ""
+"If you've committed some changes to your local repository and they've been "
+"pushed or pulled somewhere else, this isn't necessarily a disaster.  You can "
+"protect yourself ahead of time against some classes of bad changeset.  This "
+"is particularly easy if your team usually pulls changes from a central "
+"repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:666
+msgid ""
+"By configuring some hooks on that repository to validate incoming changesets "
+"(see chapter <xref linkend=\"chap.hook\"/>), you can automatically prevent "
+"some kinds of bad changeset from being pushed to the central repository at "
+"all.  With such a configuration in place, some kinds of bad changeset will "
+"naturally tend to <quote>die out</quote> because they can't propagate into "
+"the central repository.  Better yet, this happens without any need for "
+"explicit intervention."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:676
+msgid ""
+"For instance, an incoming change hook that verifies that a changeset will "
+"actually compile can prevent people from inadvertantly <quote>breaking the "
+"build</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:683
+msgid "Finding the source of a bug"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:685
+msgid ""
+"While it's all very well to be able to back out a changeset that introduced a "
+"bug, this requires that you know which changeset to back out.  Mercurial "
+"provides an invaluable command, called <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</"
+"command>, that helps you to automate this process and accomplish it very "
+"efficiently."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:692
+msgid ""
+"The idea behind the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command is "
+"that a changeset has introduced some change of behaviour that you can "
+"identify with a simple binary test.  You don't know which piece of code "
+"introduced the change, but you know how to test for the presence of the bug.  "
+"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command uses your test to "
+"direct its search for the changeset that introduced the code that caused the "
+"bug."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:701
+msgid ""
+"Here are a few scenarios to help you understand how you might apply this "
+"command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:704
+msgid ""
+"The most recent version of your software has a bug that you remember wasn't "
+"present a few weeks ago, but you don't know when it was introduced.  Here, "
+"your binary test checks for the presence of that bug."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:709
+msgid ""
+"You fixed a bug in a rush, and now it's time to close the entry in your "
+"team's bug database.  The bug database requires a changeset ID when you close "
+"an entry, but you don't remember which changeset you fixed the bug in.  Once "
+"again, your binary test checks for the presence of the bug."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:716
+msgid ""
+"Your software works correctly, but runs 15% slower than the last time you "
+"measured it.  You want to know which changeset introduced the performance "
+"regression.  In this case, your binary test measures the performance of your "
+"software, to see whether it's <quote>fast</quote> or <quote>slow</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:723
+msgid ""
+"The sizes of the components of your project that you ship exploded recently, "
+"and you suspect that something changed in the way you build your project."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:728
+msgid ""
+"From these examples, it should be clear that the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"bisect</command> command is not useful only for finding the sources of bugs.  "
+"You can use it to find any <quote>emergent property</quote> of a repository "
+"(anything that you can't find from a simple text search of the files in the "
+"tree) for which you can write a binary test."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:735
+msgid ""
+"We'll introduce a little bit of terminology here, just to make it clear which "
+"parts of the search process are your responsibility, and which are "
+"Mercurial's.  A <emphasis>test</emphasis> is something that <emphasis>you</"
+"emphasis> run when <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> chooses a "
+"changeset.  A <emphasis>probe</emphasis> is what <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"bisect</command> runs to tell whether a revision is good.  Finally, we'll use "
+"the word <quote>bisect</quote>, as both a noun and a verb, to stand in for "
+"the phrase <quote>search using the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</"
+"command> command</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:748
+msgid ""
+"One simple way to automate the searching process would be simply to probe "
+"every changeset.  However, this scales poorly.  If it took ten minutes to "
+"test a single changeset, and you had 10,000 changesets in your repository, "
+"the exhaustive approach would take on average 35 <emphasis>days</emphasis> to "
+"find the changeset that introduced a bug.  Even if you knew that the bug was "
+"introduced by one of the last 500 changesets, and limited your search to "
+"those, you'd still be looking at over 40 hours to find the changeset that "
+"introduced your bug."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:758
+msgid ""
+"What the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command does is use its "
+"knowledge of the <quote>shape</quote> of your project's revision history to "
+"perform a search in time proportional to the <emphasis>logarithm</emphasis> "
+"of the number of changesets to check (the kind of search it performs is "
+"called a dichotomic search).  With this approach, searching through 10,000 "
+"changesets will take less than three hours, even at ten minutes per test (the "
+"search will require about 14 tests).  Limit your search to the last hundred "
+"changesets, and it will take only about an hour (roughly seven tests)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:769
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command is aware of the "
+"<quote>branchy</quote> nature of a Mercurial project's revision history, so "
+"it has no problems dealing with branches, merges, or multiple heads in a "
+"repository.  It can prune entire branches of history with a single probe, "
+"which is how it operates so efficiently."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:777
+msgid "Using the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:780
+msgid ""
+"Here's an example of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> in action."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:784
+msgid ""
+"In versions 0.9.5 and earlier of Mercurial, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"bisect</command> was not a core command: it was distributed with Mercurial as "
+"an extension. This section describes the built-in command, not the old "
+"extension."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:791
+msgid ""
+"Now let's create a repository, so that we can try out the <command role=\"hg-"
+"cmd\">hg bisect</command> command in isolation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:797
+msgid ""
+"We'll simulate a project that has a bug in it in a simple-minded way: create "
+"trivial changes in a loop, and nominate one specific change that will have "
+"the <quote>bug</quote>.  This loop creates 35 changesets, each adding a "
+"single file to the repository. We'll represent our <quote>bug</quote> with a "
+"file that contains the text <quote>i have a gub</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:807
+msgid ""
+"The next thing that we'd like to do is figure out how to use the <command "
+"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command.  We can use Mercurial's normal "
+"built-in help mechanism for this."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:814
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command works in steps.  "
+"Each step proceeds as follows."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:817
+msgid "You run your binary test."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:819
+msgid ""
+"If the test succeeded, you tell <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> "
+"by running the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect good</command> command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:824
+msgid ""
+"If it failed, run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect bad</command> "
+"command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:828
+msgid ""
+"The command uses your information to decide which changeset to test next."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:831
+msgid ""
+"It updates the working directory to that changeset, and the process begins "
+"again."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:834
+msgid ""
+"The process ends when <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> identifies "
+"a unique changeset that marks the point where your test transitioned from "
+"<quote>succeeding</quote> to <quote>failing</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:839
+msgid ""
+"To start the search, we must run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect --"
+"reset</command> command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:844
+msgid ""
+"In our case, the binary test we use is simple: we check to see if any file in "
+"the repository contains the string <quote>i have a gub</quote>.  If it does, "
+"this changeset contains the change that <quote>caused the bug</quote>.  By "
+"convention, a changeset that has the property we're searching for is "
+"<quote>bad</quote>, while one that doesn't is <quote>good</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:852
+msgid ""
+"Most of the time, the revision to which the working directory is synced "
+"(usually the tip) already exhibits the problem introduced by the buggy "
+"change, so we'll mark it as <quote>bad</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:859
+msgid ""
+"Our next task is to nominate a changeset that we know <emphasis>doesn't</"
+"emphasis> have the bug; the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> "
+"command will <quote>bracket</quote> its search between the first pair of good "
+"and bad changesets.  In our case, we know that revision 10 didn't have the "
+"bug.  (I'll have more words about choosing the first <quote>good</quote> "
+"changeset later.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:869
+msgid "Notice that this command printed some output."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:871
+msgid ""
+"It told us how many changesets it must consider before it can identify the "
+"one that introduced the bug, and how many tests that will require."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:875
+msgid ""
+"It updated the working directory to the next changeset to test, and told us "
+"which changeset it's testing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:880
+msgid ""
+"We now run our test in the working directory.  We use the <command>grep</"
+"command> command to see if our <quote>bad</quote> file is present in the "
+"working directory.  If it is, this revision is bad; if not, this revision is "
+"good.  &interaction.bisect.search.step1;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:886
+msgid ""
+"This test looks like a perfect candidate for automation, so let's turn it "
+"into a shell function."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:890
+msgid ""
+"We can now run an entire test step with a single command, <literal>mytest</"
+"literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:895
+msgid "A few more invocations of our canned test step command, and we're done."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:900
+msgid ""
+"Even though we had 40 changesets to search through, the <command role=\"hg-cmd"
+"\">hg bisect</command> command let us find the changeset that introduced our "
+"<quote>bug</quote> with only five tests.  Because the number of tests that "
+"the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command performs grows "
+"logarithmically with the number of changesets to search, the advantage that "
+"it has over the <quote>brute force</quote> search approach increases with "
+"every changeset you add."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:911
+msgid "Cleaning up after your search"
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:913
+msgid ""
+"When you're finished using the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> "
+"command in a repository, you can use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect "
+"reset</command> command to drop the information it was using to drive your "
+"search.  The command doesn't use much space, so it doesn't matter if you "
+"forget to run this command.  However, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</"
+"command> won't let you start a new search in that repository until you do a "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect reset</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:928
+msgid "Tips for finding bugs effectively"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:931
+msgid "Give consistent input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:933
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command requires that you "
+"correctly report the result of every test you perform.  If you tell it that a "
+"test failed when it really succeeded, it <emphasis>might</emphasis> be able "
+"to detect the inconsistency.  If it can identify an inconsistency in your "
+"reports, it will tell you that a particular changeset is both good and bad. "
+"However, it can't do this perfectly; it's about as likely to report the wrong "
+"changeset as the source of the bug."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:945
+msgid "Automate as much as possible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:947
+msgid ""
+"When I started using the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> "
+"command, I tried a few times to run my tests by hand, on the command line.  "
+"This is an approach that I, at least, am not suited to.  After a few tries, I "
+"found that I was making enough mistakes that I was having to restart my "
+"searches several times before finally getting correct results."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:955
+msgid ""
+"My initial problems with driving the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</"
+"command> command by hand occurred even with simple searches on small "
+"repositories; if the problem you're looking for is more subtle, or the number "
+"of tests that <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> must perform "
+"increases, the likelihood of operator error ruining the search is much "
+"higher.  Once I started automating my tests, I had much better results."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:964
+msgid "The key to automated testing is twofold:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:966
+msgid "always test for the same symptom, and"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:968
+msgid ""
+"always feed consistent input to the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</"
+"command> command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:971
+msgid ""
+"In my tutorial example above, the <command>grep</command> command tests for "
+"the symptom, and the <literal>if</literal> statement takes the result of this "
+"check and ensures that we always feed the same input to the <command role="
+"\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command.  The <literal>mytest</literal> "
+"function marries these together in a reproducible way, so that every test is "
+"uniform and consistent."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:981
+msgid "Check your results"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:983
+msgid ""
+"Because the output of a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> search "
+"is only as good as the input you give it, don't take the changeset it reports "
+"as the absolute truth.  A simple way to cross-check its report is to manually "
+"run your test at each of the following changesets:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:989
+msgid ""
+"The changeset that it reports as the first bad revision.  Your test should "
+"still report this as bad."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:993
+msgid ""
+"The parent of that changeset (either parent, if it's a merge). Your test "
+"should report this changeset as good."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:997
+msgid ""
+"A child of that changeset.  Your test should report this changeset as bad."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1003
+msgid "Beware interference between bugs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1005
+msgid ""
+"It's possible that your search for one bug could be disrupted by the presence "
+"of another.  For example, let's say your software crashes at revision 100, "
+"and worked correctly at revision 50.  Unknown to you, someone else introduced "
+"a different crashing bug at revision 60, and fixed it at revision 80.  This "
+"could distort your results in one of several ways."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1013
+msgid ""
+"It is possible that this other bug completely <quote>masks</quote> yours, "
+"which is to say that it occurs before your bug has a chance to manifest "
+"itself.  If you can't avoid that other bug (for example, it prevents your "
+"project from building), and so can't tell whether your bug is present in a "
+"particular changeset, the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> "
+"command cannot help you directly.  Instead, you can mark a changeset as "
+"untested by running <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect --skip</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1023
+msgid ""
+"A different problem could arise if your test for a bug's presence is not "
+"specific enough.  If you check for <quote>my program crashes</quote>, then "
+"both your crashing bug and an unrelated crashing bug that masks it will look "
+"like the same thing, and mislead <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1030
+msgid ""
+"Another useful situation in which to use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect --"
+"skip</command> is if you can't test a revision because your project was in a "
+"broken and hence untestable state at that revision, perhaps because someone "
+"checked in a change that prevented the project from building."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1039
+msgid "Bracket your search lazily"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1041
+msgid ""
+"Choosing the first <quote>good</quote> and <quote>bad</quote> changesets that "
+"will mark the end points of your search is often easy, but it bears a little "
+"discussion nevertheless.  From the perspective of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"bisect</command>, the <quote>newest</quote> changeset is conventionally "
+"<quote>bad</quote>, and the older changeset is <quote>good</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1049
+msgid ""
+"If you're having trouble remembering when a suitable <quote>good</quote> "
+"change was, so that you can tell <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</"
+"command>, you could do worse than testing changesets at random.  Just "
+"remember to eliminate contenders that can't possibly exhibit the bug (perhaps "
+"because the feature with the bug isn't present yet) and those where another "
+"problem masks the bug (as I discussed above)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch09-undo.xml:1058
+msgid ""
+"Even if you end up <quote>early</quote> by thousands of changesets or months "
+"of history, you will only add a handful of tests to the total number that "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> must perform, thanks to its "
+"logarithmic behaviour."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:5
+msgid "Handling repository events with hooks"
+msgstr "使用钩子处理版本库事件"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:7
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial offers a powerful mechanism to let you perform automated actions in "
+"response to events that occur in a repository.  In some cases, you can even "
+"control Mercurial's response to those events."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:12
+msgid ""
+"The name Mercurial uses for one of these actions is a <emphasis>hook</"
+"emphasis>. Hooks are called <quote>triggers</quote> in some revision control "
+"systems, but the two names refer to the same idea."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:18
+msgid "An overview of hooks in Mercurial"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:20
+msgid ""
+"Here is a brief list of the hooks that Mercurial supports.  We will revisit "
+"each of these hooks in more detail later, in section <xref linkend=\"sec.hook."
+"ref\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:25
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"hook\">changegroup</literal>: This is run after a group of "
+"changesets has been brought into the repository from elsewhere."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:29
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"hook\">commit</literal>: This is run after a new changeset "
+"has been created in the local repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:33
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"hook\">incoming</literal>: This is run once for each new "
+"changeset that is brought into the repository from elsewhere.  Notice the "
+"difference from <literal role=\"hook\">changegroup</literal>, which is run "
+"once per <emphasis>group</emphasis> of changesets brought in."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:40
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"hook\">outgoing</literal>: This is run after a group of "
+"changesets has been transmitted from this repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:44
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"hook\">prechangegroup</literal>: This is run before starting "
+"to bring a group of changesets into the repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:49
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"hook\">precommit</literal>: Controlling. This is run before "
+"starting a commit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:53
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"hook\">preoutgoing</literal>: Controlling. This is run before "
+"starting to transmit a group of changesets from this repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:58
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"hook\">pretag</literal>: Controlling. This is run before "
+"creating a tag."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:62
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"hook\">pretxnchangegroup</literal>: Controlling. This is run "
+"after a group of changesets has been brought into the local repository from "
+"another, but before the transaction completes that will make the changes "
+"permanent in the repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:70
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal>: Controlling. This is run after "
+"a new changeset has been created in the local repository, but before the "
+"transaction completes that will make it permanent."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:76
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"hook\">preupdate</literal>: Controlling. This is run before "
+"starting an update or merge of the working directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:81
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"hook\">tag</literal>: This is run after a tag is created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:85
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"hook\">update</literal>: This is run after an update or merge "
+"of the working directory has finished."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:90
+msgid ""
+"Each of the hooks whose description begins with the word <quote>Controlling</"
+"quote> has the ability to determine whether an activity can proceed.  If the "
+"hook succeeds, the activity may proceed; if it fails, the activity is either "
+"not permitted or undone, depending on the hook."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:99
+msgid "Hooks and security"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:102
+msgid "Hooks are run with your privileges"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:104
+msgid ""
+"When you run a Mercurial command in a repository, and the command causes a "
+"hook to run, that hook runs on <emphasis>your</emphasis> system, under "
+"<emphasis>your</emphasis> user account, with <emphasis>your</emphasis> "
+"privilege level.  Since hooks are arbitrary pieces of executable code, you "
+"should treat them with an appropriate level of suspicion.  Do not install a "
+"hook unless you are confident that you know who created it and what it does."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:115
+msgid ""
+"In some cases, you may be exposed to hooks that you did not install "
+"yourself.  If you work with Mercurial on an unfamiliar system, Mercurial will "
+"run hooks defined in that system's global <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</"
+"filename>\\ file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:122
+msgid ""
+"If you are working with a repository owned by another user, Mercurial can run "
+"hooks defined in that user's repository, but it will still run them as "
+"<quote>you</quote>.  For example, if you <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</"
+"command> from that repository, and its <filename role=\"special\">.hg/hgrc</"
+"filename> defines a local <literal role=\"hook\">outgoing</literal> hook, "
+"that hook will run under your user account, even though you don't own that "
+"repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:134
+msgid ""
+"This only applies if you are pulling from a repository on a local or network "
+"filesystem.  If you're pulling over http or ssh, any <literal role=\"hook"
+"\">outgoing</literal> hook will run under whatever account is executing the "
+"server process, on the server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:142
+msgid ""
+"XXX To see what hooks are defined in a repository, use the <command role=\"hg-"
+"cmd\">hg config hooks</command> command.  If you are working in one "
+"repository, but talking to another that you do not own (e.g. using <command "
+"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> or <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg incoming</"
+"command>), remember that it is the other repository's hooks you should be "
+"checking, not your own."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:153
+msgid "Hooks do not propagate"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:155
+msgid ""
+"In Mercurial, hooks are not revision controlled, and do not propagate when "
+"you clone, or pull from, a repository.  The reason for this is simple: a hook "
+"is a completely arbitrary piece of executable code.  It runs under your user "
+"identity, with your privilege level, on your machine."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:162
+msgid ""
+"It would be extremely reckless for any distributed revision control system to "
+"implement revision-controlled hooks, as this would offer an easily "
+"exploitable way to subvert the accounts of users of the revision control "
+"system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:168
+msgid ""
+"Since Mercurial does not propagate hooks, if you are collaborating with other "
+"people on a common project, you should not assume that they are using the "
+"same Mercurial hooks as you are, or that theirs are correctly configured.  "
+"You should document the hooks you expect people to use."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:175
+msgid ""
+"In a corporate intranet, this is somewhat easier to control, as you can for "
+"example provide a <quote>standard</quote> installation of Mercurial on an NFS "
+"filesystem, and use a site-wide <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>"
+"\\ file to define hooks that all users will see.  However, this too has its "
+"limits; see below."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:185
+msgid "Hooks can be overridden"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:187
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial allows you to override a hook definition by redefining the hook.  "
+"You can disable it by setting its value to the empty string, or change its "
+"behaviour as you wish."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:192
+msgid ""
+"If you deploy a system- or site-wide <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</"
+"filename>\\ file that defines some hooks, you should thus understand that "
+"your users can disable or override those hooks."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:200
+msgid "Ensuring that critical hooks are run"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:202
+msgid ""
+"Sometimes you may want to enforce a policy that you do not want others to be "
+"able to work around.  For example, you may have a requirement that every "
+"changeset must pass a rigorous set of tests.  Defining this requirement via a "
+"hook in a site-wide <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>\\ won't "
+"work for remote users on laptops, and of course local users can subvert it at "
+"will by overriding the hook."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:211
+msgid ""
+"Instead, you can set up your policies for use of Mercurial so that people are "
+"expected to propagate changes through a well-known <quote>canonical</quote> "
+"server that you have locked down and configured appropriately."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:217
+msgid ""
+"One way to do this is via a combination of social engineering and "
+"technology.  Set up a restricted-access account; users can push changes over "
+"the network to repositories managed by this account, but they cannot log into "
+"the account and run normal shell commands.  In this scenario, a user can "
+"commit a changeset that contains any old garbage they want."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:226
+msgid ""
+"When someone pushes a changeset to the server that everyone pulls from, the "
+"server will test the changeset before it accepts it as permanent, and reject "
+"it if it fails to pass the test suite.  If people only pull changes from this "
+"filtering server, it will serve to ensure that all changes that people pull "
+"have been automatically vetted."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:237
+msgid "Care with <literal>pretxn</literal> hooks in a shared-access repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:240
+msgid ""
+"If you want to use hooks to do some automated work in a repository that a "
+"number of people have shared access to, you need to be careful in how you do "
+"this."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:245
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial only locks a repository when it is writing to the repository, and "
+"only the parts of Mercurial that write to the repository pay attention to "
+"locks.  Write locks are necessary to prevent multiple simultaneous writers "
+"from scribbling on each other's work, corrupting the repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:252
+msgid ""
+"Because Mercurial is careful with the order in which it reads and writes "
+"data, it does not need to acquire a lock when it wants to read data from the "
+"repository.  The parts of Mercurial that read from the repository never pay "
+"attention to locks.  This lockless reading scheme greatly increases "
+"performance and concurrency."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:260
+msgid ""
+"With great performance comes a trade-off, though, one which has the potential "
+"to cause you trouble unless you're aware of it.  To describe this requires a "
+"little detail about how Mercurial adds changesets to a repository and reads "
+"those changes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:267
+msgid ""
+"When Mercurial <emphasis>writes</emphasis> metadata, it writes it straight "
+"into the destination file.  It writes file data first, then manifest data "
+"(which contains pointers to the new file data), then changelog data (which "
+"contains pointers to the new manifest data).  Before the first write to each "
+"file, it stores a record of where the end of the file was in its transaction "
+"log.  If the transaction must be rolled back, Mercurial simply truncates each "
+"file back to the size it was before the transaction began."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:278
+msgid ""
+"When Mercurial <emphasis>reads</emphasis> metadata, it reads the changelog "
+"first, then everything else.  Since a reader will only access parts of the "
+"manifest or file metadata that it can see in the changelog, it can never see "
+"partially written data."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:284
+msgid ""
+"Some controlling hooks (<literal role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal> and "
+"<literal role=\"hook\">pretxnchangegroup</literal>) run when a transaction is "
+"almost complete. All of the metadata has been written, but Mercurial can "
+"still roll the transaction back and cause the newly-written data to disappear."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:292
+msgid ""
+"If one of these hooks runs for long, it opens a window of time during which a "
+"reader can see the metadata for changesets that are not yet permanent, and "
+"should not be thought of as <quote>really there</quote>.  The longer the hook "
+"runs, the longer that window is open."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:300
+msgid "The problem illustrated"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:302
+msgid ""
+"In principle, a good use for the <literal role=\"hook\">pretxnchangegroup</"
+"literal> hook would be to automatically build and test incoming changes "
+"before they are accepted into a central repository.  This could let you "
+"guarantee that nobody can push changes to this repository that <quote>break "
+"the build</quote>. But if a client can pull changes while they're being "
+"tested, the usefulness of the test is zero; an unsuspecting someone can pull "
+"untested changes, potentially breaking their build."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:313
+msgid ""
+"The safest technological answer to this challenge is to set up such a "
+"<quote>gatekeeper</quote> repository as <emphasis>unidirectional</emphasis>.  "
+"Let it take changes pushed in from the outside, but do not allow anyone to "
+"pull changes from it (use the <literal role=\"hook\">preoutgoing</literal> "
+"hook to lock it down).  Configure a <literal role=\"hook\">changegroup</"
+"literal> hook so that if a build or test succeeds, the hook will push the new "
+"changes out to another repository that people <emphasis>can</emphasis> pull "
+"from."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:325
+msgid ""
+"In practice, putting a centralised bottleneck like this in place is not often "
+"a good idea, and transaction visibility has nothing to do with the problem.  "
+"As the size of a project&emdash;and the time it takes to build and "
+"test&emdash;grows, you rapidly run into a wall with this <quote>try before "
+"you buy</quote> approach, where you have more changesets to test than time in "
+"which to deal with them.  The inevitable result is frustration on the part of "
+"all involved."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:336
+msgid ""
+"An approach that scales better is to get people to build and test before they "
+"push, then run automated builds and tests centrally <emphasis>after</"
+"emphasis> a push, to be sure all is well.  The advantage of this approach is "
+"that it does not impose a limit on the rate at which the repository can "
+"accept changes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:347
+msgid "A short tutorial on using hooks"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:349
+msgid ""
+"It is easy to write a Mercurial hook.  Let's start with a hook that runs when "
+"you finish a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command>, and simply prints "
+"the hash of the changeset you just created.  The hook is called <literal role="
+"\"hook\">commit</literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:356
+msgid "All hooks follow the pattern in this example."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:360
+msgid ""
+"You add an entry to the <literal role=\"rc-hooks\">hooks</literal> section of "
+"your <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>.  On the left is the name "
+"of the event to trigger on; on the right is the action to take.  As you can "
+"see, you can run an arbitrary shell command in a hook.  Mercurial passes "
+"extra information to the hook using environment variables (look for "
+"<envar>HG_NODE</envar> in the example)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:370
+msgid "Performing multiple actions per event"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:372
+msgid ""
+"Quite often, you will want to define more than one hook for a particular kind "
+"of event, as shown below."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:377
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial lets you do this by adding an <emphasis>extension</emphasis> to the "
+"end of a hook's name.  You extend a hook's name by giving the name of the "
+"hook, followed by a full stop (the <quote><literal>.</literal></quote> "
+"character), followed by some more text of your choosing.  For example, "
+"Mercurial will run both <literal>commit.foo</literal> and <literal>commit."
+"bar</literal> when the <literal>commit</literal> event occurs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:388
+msgid ""
+"To give a well-defined order of execution when there are multiple hooks "
+"defined for an event, Mercurial sorts hooks by extension, and executes the "
+"hook commands in this sorted order.  In the above example, it will execute "
+"<literal>commit.bar</literal> before <literal>commit.foo</literal>, and "
+"<literal>commit</literal> before both."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:397
+msgid ""
+"It is a good idea to use a somewhat descriptive extension when you define a "
+"new hook.  This will help you to remember what the hook was for.  If the hook "
+"fails, you'll get an error message that contains the hook name and extension, "
+"so using a descriptive extension could give you an immediate hint as to why "
+"the hook failed (see section <xref linkend=\"sec.hook.perm\"/> for an "
+"example)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:408
+msgid "Controlling whether an activity can proceed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:410
+msgid ""
+"In our earlier examples, we used the <literal role=\"hook\">commit</literal> "
+"hook, which is run after a commit has completed.  This is one of several "
+"Mercurial hooks that run after an activity finishes.  Such hooks have no way "
+"of influencing the activity itself."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:417
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial defines a number of events that occur before an activity starts; or "
+"after it starts, but before it finishes.  Hooks that trigger on these events "
+"have the added ability to choose whether the activity can continue, or will "
+"abort."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:423
+msgid ""
+"The <literal role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal> hook runs after a commit "
+"has all but completed.  In other words, the metadata representing the "
+"changeset has been written out to disk, but the transaction has not yet been "
+"allowed to complete.  The <literal role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal> hook "
+"has the ability to decide whether the transaction can complete, or must be "
+"rolled back."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:432
+msgid ""
+"If the <literal role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal> hook exits with a status "
+"code of zero, the transaction is allowed to complete; the commit finishes; "
+"and the <literal role=\"hook\">commit</literal> hook is run.  If the <literal "
+"role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal> hook exits with a non-zero status code, "
+"the transaction is rolled back; the metadata representing the changeset is "
+"erased; and the <literal role=\"hook\">commit</literal> hook is not run."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:444
+msgid ""
+"The hook in the example above checks that a commit comment contains a bug "
+"ID.  If it does, the commit can complete.  If not, the commit is rolled back."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:452
+msgid "Writing your own hooks"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:454
+msgid ""
+"When you are writing a hook, you might find it useful to run Mercurial either "
+"with the <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-v</option> option, or the <envar "
+"role=\"rc-item-ui\">verbose</envar> config item set to <quote>true</quote>.  "
+"When you do so, Mercurial will print a message before it calls each hook."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:463
+msgid "Choosing how your hook should run"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:465
+msgid ""
+"You can write a hook either as a normal program&emdash;typically a shell "
+"script&emdash;or as a Python function that is executed within the Mercurial "
+"process."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:470
+msgid ""
+"Writing a hook as an external program has the advantage that it requires no "
+"knowledge of Mercurial's internals.  You can call normal Mercurial commands "
+"to get any added information you need.  The trade-off is that external hooks "
+"are slower than in-process hooks."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:477
+msgid ""
+"An in-process Python hook has complete access to the Mercurial API, and does "
+"not <quote>shell out</quote> to another process, so it is inherently faster "
+"than an external hook.  It is also easier to obtain much of the information "
+"that a hook requires by using the Mercurial API than by running Mercurial "
+"commands."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:485
+msgid ""
+"If you are comfortable with Python, or require high performance, writing your "
+"hooks in Python may be a good choice.  However, when you have a "
+"straightforward hook to write and you don't need to care about performance "
+"(probably the majority of hooks), a shell script is perfectly fine."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:494
+msgid "Hook parameters"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:496
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial calls each hook with a set of well-defined parameters.  In Python, "
+"a parameter is passed as a keyword argument to your hook function.  For an "
+"external program, a parameter is passed as an environment variable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:502
+msgid ""
+"Whether your hook is written in Python or as a shell script, the hook-"
+"specific parameter names and values will be the same.  A boolean parameter "
+"will be represented as a boolean value in Python, but as the number 1 (for "
+"<quote>true</quote>) or 0 (for <quote>false</quote>) as an environment "
+"variable for an external hook.  If a hook parameter is named <literal>foo</"
+"literal>, the keyword argument for a Python hook will also be named "
+"<literal>foo</literal>, while the environment variable for an external hook "
+"will be named <literal>HG_FOO</literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:516
+msgid "Hook return values and activity control"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:518
+msgid ""
+"A hook that executes successfully must exit with a status of zero if "
+"external, or return boolean <quote>false</quote> if in-process.  Failure is "
+"indicated with a non-zero exit status from an external hook, or an in-process "
+"hook returning boolean <quote>true</quote>.  If an in-process hook raises an "
+"exception, the hook is considered to have failed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:526
+msgid ""
+"For a hook that controls whether an activity can proceed, zero/false means "
+"<quote>allow</quote>, while non-zero/true/exception means <quote>deny</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:533
+msgid "Writing an external hook"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:535
+msgid ""
+"When you define an external hook in your <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</"
+"filename>\\ and the hook is run, its value is passed to your shell, which "
+"interprets it.  This means that you can use normal shell constructs in the "
+"body of the hook."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:542
+msgid ""
+"An executable hook is always run with its current directory set to a "
+"repository's root directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:546
+msgid ""
+"Each hook parameter is passed in as an environment variable; the name is "
+"upper-cased, and prefixed with the string <quote><literal>HG_</literal></"
+"quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:551
+msgid ""
+"With the exception of hook parameters, Mercurial does not set or modify any "
+"environment variables when running a hook.  This is useful to remember if you "
+"are writing a site-wide hook that may be run by a number of different users "
+"with differing environment variables set. In multi-user situations, you "
+"should not rely on environment variables being set to the values you have in "
+"your environment when testing the hook."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:562
+msgid "Telling Mercurial to use an in-process hook"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:564
+msgid ""
+"The <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>\\ syntax for defining an in-"
+"process hook is slightly different than for an executable hook.  The value of "
+"the hook must start with the text <quote><literal>python:</literal></quote>, "
+"and continue with the fully-qualified name of a callable object to use as the "
+"hook's value."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:572
+msgid ""
+"The module in which a hook lives is automatically imported when a hook is "
+"run.  So long as you have the module name and <envar>PYTHONPATH</envar> "
+"right, it should <quote>just work</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:578
+msgid ""
+"The following <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>\\ example snippet "
+"illustrates the syntax and meaning of the notions we just described."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:584
+msgid ""
+"When Mercurial runs the <literal>commit.example</literal> hook, it imports "
+"<literal>mymodule.submodule</literal>, looks for the callable object named "
+"<literal>myhook</literal>, and calls it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:592
+msgid "Writing an in-process hook"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:594
+msgid ""
+"The simplest in-process hook does nothing, but illustrates the basic shape of "
+"the hook API:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:599
+msgid ""
+"The first argument to a Python hook is always a <literal role=\"py-mod-"
+"mercurial.ui\">ui</literal> object.  The second is a repository object; at "
+"the moment, it is always an instance of <literal role=\"py-mod-mercurial."
+"localrepo\">localrepository</literal>.  Following these two arguments are "
+"other keyword arguments.  Which ones are passed in depends on the hook being "
+"called, but a hook can ignore arguments it doesn't care about by dropping "
+"them into a keyword argument dict, as with <literal>**kwargs</literal> above."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:614
+msgid "Some hook examples"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:617
+msgid "Writing meaningful commit messages"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:619
+msgid ""
+"It's hard to imagine a useful commit message being very short. The simple "
+"<literal role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal> hook of the example below will "
+"prevent you from committing a changeset with a message that is less than ten "
+"bytes long."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:629
+msgid "Checking for trailing whitespace"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:631
+msgid ""
+"An interesting use of a commit-related hook is to help you to write cleaner "
+"code.  A simple example of <quote>cleaner code</quote> is the dictum that a "
+"change should not add any new lines of text that contain <quote>trailing "
+"whitespace</quote>.  Trailing whitespace is a series of space and tab "
+"characters at the end of a line of text.  In most cases, trailing whitespace "
+"is unnecessary, invisible noise, but it is occasionally problematic, and "
+"people often prefer to get rid of it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:642
+msgid ""
+"You can use either the <literal role=\"hook\">precommit</literal> or <literal "
+"role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal> hook to tell whether you have a trailing "
+"whitespace problem.  If you use the <literal role=\"hook\">precommit</"
+"literal> hook, the hook will not know which files you are committing, so it "
+"will have to check every modified file in the repository for trailing white "
+"space.  If you want to commit a change to just the file <filename>foo</"
+"filename>, but the file <filename>bar</filename> contains trailing "
+"whitespace, doing a check in the <literal role=\"hook\">precommit</literal> "
+"hook will prevent you from committing <filename>foo</filename> due to the "
+"problem with <filename>bar</filename>.  This doesn't seem right."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:658
+msgid ""
+"Should you choose the <literal role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal> hook, the "
+"check won't occur until just before the transaction for the commit "
+"completes.  This will allow you to check for problems only the exact files "
+"that are being committed.  However, if you entered the commit message "
+"interactively and the hook fails, the transaction will roll back; you'll have "
+"to re-enter the commit message after you fix the trailing whitespace and run "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> again."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:671
+msgid ""
+"In this example, we introduce a simple <literal role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</"
+"literal> hook that checks for trailing whitespace.  This hook is short, but "
+"not very helpful.  It exits with an error status if a change adds a line with "
+"trailing whitespace to any file, but does not print any information that "
+"might help us to identify the offending file or line.  It also has the nice "
+"property of not paying attention to unmodified lines; only lines that "
+"introduce new trailing whitespace cause problems."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:682
+msgid ""
+"The above version is much more complex, but also more useful.  It parses a "
+"unified diff to see if any lines add trailing whitespace, and prints the name "
+"of the file and the line number of each such occurrence.  Even better, if the "
+"change adds trailing whitespace, this hook saves the commit comment and "
+"prints the name of the save file before exiting and telling Mercurial to roll "
+"the transaction back, so you can use the <option role=\"hg-opt-commit\">-l "
+"filename</option> option to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> to "
+"reuse the saved commit message once you've corrected the problem."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:696
+msgid ""
+"As a final aside, note in the example above the use of <command>perl</"
+"command>'s in-place editing feature to get rid of trailing whitespace from a "
+"file.  This is concise and useful enough that I will reproduce it here."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:706
+msgid "Bundled hooks"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:708
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial ships with several bundled hooks.  You can find them in the "
+"<filename class=\"directory\">hgext</filename> directory of a Mercurial "
+"source tree.  If you are using a Mercurial binary package, the hooks will be "
+"located in the <filename class=\"directory\">hgext</filename> directory of "
+"wherever your package installer put Mercurial."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:717
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"hg-ext\">acl</literal>&emdash;access control for parts of a "
+"repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:720
+msgid ""
+"The <literal role=\"hg-ext\">acl</literal> extension lets you control which "
+"remote users are allowed to push changesets to a networked server.  You can "
+"protect any portion of a repository (including the entire repo), so that a "
+"specific remote user can push changes that do not affect the protected "
+"portion."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:728
+msgid ""
+"This extension implements access control based on the identity of the user "
+"performing a push, <emphasis>not</emphasis> on who committed the changesets "
+"they're pushing.  It makes sense to use this hook only if you have a locked-"
+"down server environment that authenticates remote users, and you want to be "
+"sure that only specific users are allowed to push changes to that server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:738
+msgid "Configuring the <literal role=\"hook\">acl</literal> hook"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:741
+msgid ""
+"In order to manage incoming changesets, the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">acl</"
+"literal> hook must be used as a <literal role=\"hook\">pretxnchangegroup</"
+"literal> hook.  This lets it see which files are modified by each incoming "
+"changeset, and roll back a group of changesets if they modify "
+"<quote>forbidden</quote> files.  Example:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:751
+msgid ""
+"The <literal role=\"hg-ext\">acl</literal> extension is configured using "
+"three sections."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:755
+msgid ""
+"The <literal role=\"rc-acl\">acl</literal> section has only one entry, <envar "
+"role=\"rc-item-acl\">sources</envar>, which lists the sources of incoming "
+"changesets that the hook should pay attention to.  You don't normally need to "
+"configure this section."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:762
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-acl\">serve</envar>: Control incoming changesets that "
+"are arriving from a remote repository over http or ssh.  This is the default "
+"value of <envar role=\"rc-item-acl\">sources</envar>, and usually the only "
+"setting you'll need for this configuration item."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:770
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-acl\">pull</envar>: Control incoming changesets that "
+"are arriving via a pull from a local repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:775
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-acl\">push</envar>: Control incoming changesets that "
+"are arriving via a push from a local repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:780
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-acl\">bundle</envar>: Control incoming changesets that "
+"are arriving from another repository via a bundle."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:786
+msgid ""
+"The <literal role=\"rc-acl.allow\">acl.allow</literal> section controls the "
+"users that are allowed to add changesets to the repository.  If this section "
+"is not present, all users that are not explicitly denied are allowed.  If "
+"this section is present, all users that are not explicitly allowed are denied "
+"(so an empty section means that all users are denied)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:795
+msgid ""
+"The <literal role=\"rc-acl.deny\">acl.deny</literal> section determines which "
+"users are denied from adding changesets to the repository.  If this section "
+"is not present or is empty, no users are denied."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:801
+msgid ""
+"The syntaxes for the <literal role=\"rc-acl.allow\">acl.allow</literal> and "
+"<literal role=\"rc-acl.deny\">acl.deny</literal> sections are identical.  On "
+"the left of each entry is a glob pattern that matches files or directories, "
+"relative to the root of the repository; on the right, a user name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:809
+msgid ""
+"In the following example, the user <literal>docwriter</literal> can only push "
+"changes to the <filename class=\"directory\">docs</filename> subtree of the "
+"repository, while <literal>intern</literal> can push changes to any file or "
+"directory except <filename class=\"directory\">source/sensitive</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:821 ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1095 ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1308
+msgid "Testing and troubleshooting"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:823
+msgid ""
+"If you want to test the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">acl</literal> hook, run it "
+"with Mercurial's debugging output enabled.  Since you'll probably be running "
+"it on a server where it's not convenient (or sometimes possible) to pass in "
+"the <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">--debug</option> option, don't forget that "
+"you can enable debugging output in your <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</"
+"filename>:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:833
+msgid ""
+"With this enabled, the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">acl</literal> hook will print "
+"enough information to let you figure out why it is allowing or forbidding "
+"pushes from specific users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:842
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"hg-ext\">bugzilla</literal>&emdash;integration with Bugzilla"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:846
+msgid ""
+"The <literal role=\"hg-ext\">bugzilla</literal> extension adds a comment to a "
+"Bugzilla bug whenever it finds a reference to that bug ID in a commit "
+"comment.  You can install this hook on a shared server, so that any time a "
+"remote user pushes changes to this server, the hook gets run."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:853
+msgid ""
+"It adds a comment to the bug that looks like this (you can configure the "
+"contents of the comment&emdash;see below):"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:862
+msgid ""
+"The value of this hook is that it automates the process of updating a bug any "
+"time a changeset refers to it.  If you configure the hook properly, it makes "
+"it easy for people to browse straight from a Bugzilla bug to a changeset that "
+"refers to that bug."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:869
+msgid ""
+"You can use the code in this hook as a starting point for some more exotic "
+"Bugzilla integration recipes.  Here are a few possibilities:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:874
+msgid ""
+"Require that every changeset pushed to the server have a valid bug ID in its "
+"commit comment.  In this case, you'd want to configure the hook as a <literal "
+"role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal> hook.  This would allow the hook to "
+"reject changes that didn't contain bug IDs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:882
+msgid ""
+"Allow incoming changesets to automatically modify the <emphasis>state</"
+"emphasis> of a bug, as well as simply adding a comment.  For example, the "
+"hook could recognise the string <quote>fixed bug 31337</quote> as indicating "
+"that it should update the state of bug 31337 to <quote>requires testing</"
+"quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:892
+msgid "Configuring the <literal role=\"hook\">bugzilla</literal> hook"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:895
+msgid ""
+"You should configure this hook in your server's <filename role=\"special\"> /."
+"hgrc</filename>\\ as an <literal role=\"hook\">incoming</literal> hook, for "
+"example as follows:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:903
+msgid ""
+"Because of the specialised nature of this hook, and because Bugzilla was not "
+"written with this kind of integration in mind, configuring this hook is a "
+"somewhat involved process."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:909
+msgid ""
+"Before you begin, you must install the MySQL bindings for Python on the host"
+"(s) where you'll be running the hook.  If this is not available as a binary "
+"package for your system, you can download it from <citation>web:mysql-python</"
+"citation>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:916
+msgid ""
+"Configuration information for this hook lives in the <literal role=\"rc-"
+"bugzilla\">bugzilla</literal> section of your <filename role=\"special\"> /."
+"hgrc</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:921
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-bugzilla\">version</envar>: The version of Bugzilla "
+"installed on the server.  The database schema that Bugzilla uses changes "
+"occasionally, so this hook has to know exactly which schema to use. At the "
+"moment, the only version supported is <literal>2.16</literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:930
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-bugzilla\">host</envar>: The hostname of the MySQL "
+"server that stores your Bugzilla data.  The database must be configured to "
+"allow connections from whatever host you are running the <literal role=\"hook"
+"\">bugzilla</literal> hook on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:937
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-bugzilla\">user</envar>: The username with which to "
+"connect to the MySQL server.  The database must be configured to allow this "
+"user to connect from whatever host you are running the <literal role=\"hook"
+"\">bugzilla</literal> hook on.  This user must be able to access and modify "
+"Bugzilla tables.  The default value of this item is <literal>bugs</literal>, "
+"which is the standard name of the Bugzilla user in a MySQL database."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:948
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-bugzilla\">password</envar>: The MySQL password for the "
+"user you configured above.  This is stored as plain text, so you should make "
+"sure that unauthorised users cannot read the <filename role=\"special\"> /."
+"hgrc</filename>\\ file where you store this information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:957
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-bugzilla\">db</envar>: The name of the Bugzilla "
+"database on the MySQL server.  The default value of this item is "
+"<literal>bugs</literal>, which is the standard name of the MySQL database "
+"where Bugzilla stores its data."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:964
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-bugzilla\">notify</envar>: If you want Bugzilla to send "
+"out a notification email to subscribers after this hook has added a comment "
+"to a bug, you will need this hook to run a command whenever it updates the "
+"database.  The command to run depends on where you have installed Bugzilla, "
+"but it will typically look something like this, if you have Bugzilla "
+"installed in <filename class=\"directory\">/var/www/html/bugzilla</filename>:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:977
+msgid ""
+"The Bugzilla <literal>processmail</literal> program expects to be given a bug "
+"ID (the hook replaces <quote><literal>%s</literal></quote> with the bug ID)  "
+"and an email address.  It also expects to be able to write to some files in "
+"the directory that it runs in.  If Bugzilla and this hook are not installed "
+"on the same machine, you will need to find a way to run <literal>processmail</"
+"literal> on the server where Bugzilla is installed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:992
+msgid "Mapping committer names to Bugzilla user names"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:994
+msgid ""
+"By default, the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">bugzilla</literal> hook tries to use "
+"the email address of a changeset's committer as the Bugzilla user name with "
+"which to update a bug.  If this does not suit your needs, you can map "
+"committer email addresses to Bugzilla user names using a <literal role=\"rc-"
+"usermap\">usermap</literal> section."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1003
+msgid ""
+"Each item in the <literal role=\"rc-usermap\">usermap</literal> section "
+"contains an email address on the left, and a Bugzilla user name on the right."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1010
+msgid ""
+"You can either keep the <literal role=\"rc-usermap\">usermap</literal> data "
+"in a normal <filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</filename>, or tell the "
+"<literal role=\"hg-ext\">bugzilla</literal> hook to read the information from "
+"an external <filename>usermap</filename> file.  In the latter case, you can "
+"store <filename>usermap</filename> data by itself in (for example)  a user-"
+"modifiable repository.  This makes it possible to let your users maintain "
+"their own <envar role=\"rc-item-bugzilla\">usermap</envar> entries.  The main "
+"<filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>\\ file might look like this:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1026
+msgid ""
+"While the <filename>usermap</filename> file that it refers to might look like "
+"this:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1035
+msgid "Configuring the text that gets added to a bug"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1037
+msgid ""
+"You can configure the text that this hook adds as a comment; you specify it "
+"in the form of a Mercurial template.  Several <filename role=\"special\"> /."
+"hgrc</filename>\\ entries (still in the <literal role=\"rc-bugzilla"
+"\">bugzilla</literal> section) control this behaviour."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1044
+msgid ""
+"<literal>strip</literal>: The number of leading path elements to strip from a "
+"repository's path name to construct a partial path for a URL. For example, if "
+"the repositories on your server live under <filename class=\"directory\">/"
+"home/hg/repos</filename>, and you have a repository whose path is <filename "
+"class=\"directory\">/home/hg/repos/app/tests</filename>, then setting "
+"<literal>strip</literal> to <literal>4</literal> will give a partial path of "
+"<filename class=\"directory\">app/tests</filename>.  The hook will make this "
+"partial path available when expanding a template, as <literal>webroot</"
+"literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1058
+msgid ""
+"<literal>template</literal>: The text of the template to use.  In addition to "
+"the usual changeset-related variables, this template can use <literal>hgweb</"
+"literal> (the value of the <literal>hgweb</literal> configuration item above) "
+"and <literal>webroot</literal> (the path constructed using <literal>strip</"
+"literal> above)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1068
+msgid ""
+"In addition, you can add a <envar role=\"rc-item-web\">baseurl</envar> item "
+"to the <literal role=\"rc-web\">web</literal> section of your <filename role="
+"\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>.  The <literal role=\"hg-ext\">bugzilla</"
+"literal> hook will make this available when expanding a template, as the base "
+"string to use when constructing a URL that will let users browse from a "
+"Bugzilla comment to view a changeset.  Example:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1080
+msgid ""
+"Here is an example set of <literal role=\"hg-ext\">bugzilla</literal> hook "
+"config information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1097
+msgid ""
+"The most common problems with configuring the <literal role=\"hg-ext"
+"\">bugzilla</literal> hook relate to running Bugzilla's "
+"<filename>processmail</filename> script and mapping committer names to user "
+"names."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1103
+msgid ""
+"Recall from section <xref linkend=\"sec.hook.bugzilla.config\"/> above that "
+"the user that runs the Mercurial process on the server is also the one that "
+"will run the <filename>processmail</filename> script.  The "
+"<filename>processmail</filename> script sometimes causes Bugzilla to write to "
+"files in its configuration directory, and Bugzilla's configuration files are "
+"usually owned by the user that your web server runs under."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1114
+msgid ""
+"You can cause <filename>processmail</filename> to be run with the suitable "
+"user's identity using the <command>sudo</command> command.  Here is an "
+"example entry for a <filename>sudoers</filename> file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1122
+msgid ""
+"This allows the <literal>hg_user</literal> user to run a "
+"<filename>processmail-wrapper</filename> program under the identity of "
+"<literal>httpd_user</literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1127
+msgid ""
+"This indirection through a wrapper script is necessary, because "
+"<filename>processmail</filename> expects to be run with its current directory "
+"set to wherever you installed Bugzilla; you can't specify that kind of "
+"constraint in a <filename>sudoers</filename> file.  The contents of the "
+"wrapper script are simple:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1136
+msgid ""
+"It doesn't seem to matter what email address you pass to "
+"<filename>processmail</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1140
+msgid ""
+"If your <literal role=\"rc-usermap\">usermap</literal> is not set up "
+"correctly, users will see an error message from the <literal role=\"hg-ext"
+"\">bugzilla</literal> hook when they push changes to the server.  The error "
+"message will look like this:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1148
+msgid ""
+"What this means is that the committer's address, <literal>john.q."
+"[e-mail]</literal>, is not a valid Bugzilla user name, nor does it "
+"have an entry in your <literal role=\"rc-usermap\">usermap</literal> that "
+"maps it to a valid Bugzilla user name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1158
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"hg-ext\">notify</literal>&emdash;send email notifications"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1161
+msgid ""
+"Although Mercurial's built-in web server provides RSS feeds of changes in "
+"every repository, many people prefer to receive change notifications via "
+"email.  The <literal role=\"hg-ext\">notify</literal> hook lets you send out "
+"notifications to a set of email addresses whenever changesets arrive that "
+"those subscribers are interested in."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1169
+msgid ""
+"As with the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">bugzilla</literal> hook, the <literal "
+"role=\"hg-ext\">notify</literal> hook is template-driven, so you can "
+"customise the contents of the notification messages that it sends."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1175
+msgid ""
+"By default, the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">notify</literal> hook includes a "
+"diff of every changeset that it sends out; you can limit the size of the "
+"diff, or turn this feature off entirely.  It is useful for letting "
+"subscribers review changes immediately, rather than clicking to follow a URL."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1183
+msgid "Configuring the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">notify</literal> hook"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1186
+msgid ""
+"You can set up the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">notify</literal> hook to send one "
+"email message per incoming changeset, or one per incoming group of changesets "
+"(all those that arrived in a single pull or push)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1197
+msgid ""
+"Configuration information for this hook lives in the <literal role=\"rc-notify"
+"\">notify</literal> section of a <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>"
+"\\ file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1202
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-notify\">test</envar>: By default, this hook does not "
+"send out email at all; instead, it prints the message that it "
+"<emphasis>would</emphasis> send.  Set this item to <literal>false</literal> "
+"to allow email to be sent. The reason that sending of email is turned off by "
+"default is that it takes several tries to configure this extension exactly as "
+"you would like, and it would be bad form to spam subscribers with a number of "
+"<quote>broken</quote> notifications while you debug your configuration."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1214
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-notify\">config</envar>: The path to a configuration "
+"file that contains subscription information.  This is kept separate from the "
+"main <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>\\ so that you can maintain "
+"it in a repository of its own.  People can then clone that repository, update "
+"their subscriptions, and push the changes back to your server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1223
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-notify\">strip</envar>: The number of leading path "
+"separator characters to strip from a repository's path, when deciding whether "
+"a repository has subscribers.  For example, if the repositories on your "
+"server live in <filename class=\"directory\">/home/hg/repos</filename>, and "
+"<literal role=\"hg-ext\">notify</literal> is considering a repository named "
+"<filename class=\"directory\">/home/hg/repos/shared/test</filename>, setting "
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-notify\">strip</envar> to <literal>4</literal> will "
+"cause <literal role=\"hg-ext\">notify</literal> to trim the path it considers "
+"down to <filename class=\"directory\">shared/test</filename>, and it will "
+"match subscribers against that."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1240
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-notify\">template</envar>: The template text to use "
+"when sending messages.  This specifies both the contents of the message "
+"header and its body."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1246
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-notify\">maxdiff</envar>: The maximum number of lines "
+"of diff data to append to the end of a message.  If a diff is longer than "
+"this, it is truncated.  By default, this is set to 300.  Set this to "
+"<literal>0</literal> to omit diffs from notification emails."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1255
+msgid ""
+"<envar role=\"rc-item-notify\">sources</envar>: A list of sources of "
+"changesets to consider.  This lets you limit <literal role=\"hg-ext\">notify</"
+"literal> to only sending out email about changes that remote users pushed "
+"into this repository via a server, for example.  See section <xref linkend="
+"\"sec.hook.sources\"/> for the sources you can specify here."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1267
+msgid ""
+"If you set the <envar role=\"rc-item-web\">baseurl</envar> item in the "
+"<literal role=\"rc-web\">web</literal> section, you can use it in a template; "
+"it will be available as <literal>webroot</literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1273
+msgid ""
+"Here is an example set of <literal role=\"hg-ext\">notify</literal> "
+"configuration information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1289
+msgid "This will produce a message that looks like the following:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1310
+msgid ""
+"Do not forget that by default, the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">notify</literal> "
+"extension <emphasis>will not send any mail</emphasis> until you explicitly "
+"configure it to do so, by setting <envar role=\"rc-item-notify\">test</envar> "
+"to <literal>false</literal>.  Until you do that, it simply prints the message "
+"it <emphasis>would</emphasis> send."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1322
+msgid "Information for writers of hooks"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1325
+msgid "In-process hook execution"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1327
+msgid "An in-process hook is called with arguments of the following form:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1333
+msgid ""
+"The <literal>ui</literal> parameter is a <literal role=\"py-mod-mercurial.ui"
+"\">ui</literal> object. The <literal>repo</literal> parameter is a <literal "
+"role=\"py-mod-mercurial.localrepo\">localrepository</literal> object.  The "
+"names and values of the <literal>**kwargs</literal> parameters depend on the "
+"hook being invoked, with the following common features:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1342
+msgid ""
+"If a parameter is named <literal>node</literal> or <literal>parentN</"
+"literal>, it will contain a hexadecimal changeset ID. The empty string is "
+"used to represent <quote>null changeset ID</quote> instead of a string of "
+"zeroes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1349
+msgid ""
+"If a parameter is named <literal>url</literal>, it will contain the URL of a "
+"remote repository, if that can be determined."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1354
+msgid ""
+"Boolean-valued parameters are represented as Python <literal>bool</literal> "
+"objects."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1359
+msgid ""
+"An in-process hook is called without a change to the process's working "
+"directory (unlike external hooks, which are run in the root of the "
+"repository).  It must not change the process's working directory, or it will "
+"cause any calls it makes into the Mercurial API to fail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1366
+msgid ""
+"If a hook returns a boolean <quote>false</quote> value, it is considered to "
+"have succeeded.  If it returns a boolean <quote>true</quote> value or raises "
+"an exception, it is considered to have failed.  A useful way to think of the "
+"calling convention is <quote>tell me if you fail</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1373
+msgid ""
+"Note that changeset IDs are passed into Python hooks as hexadecimal strings, "
+"not the binary hashes that Mercurial's APIs normally use.  To convert a hash "
+"from hex to binary, use the \\pymodfunc{mercurial.node}{bin} function."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1381
+msgid "External hook execution"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1383
+msgid ""
+"An external hook is passed to the shell of the user running Mercurial. "
+"Features of that shell, such as variable substitution and command "
+"redirection, are available.  The hook is run in the root directory of the "
+"repository (unlike in-process hooks, which are run in the same directory that "
+"Mercurial was run in)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1391
+msgid ""
+"Hook parameters are passed to the hook as environment variables.  Each "
+"environment variable's name is converted in upper case and prefixed with the "
+"string <quote><literal>HG_</literal></quote>.  For example, if the name of a "
+"parameter is <quote><literal>node</literal></quote>, the name of the "
+"environment variable representing that parameter will be "
+"<quote><literal>HG_NODE</literal></quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1400
+msgid ""
+"A boolean parameter is represented as the string <quote><literal>1</literal></"
+"quote> for <quote>true</quote>, <quote><literal>0</literal></quote> for "
+"<quote>false</quote>.  If an environment variable is named <envar>HG_NODE</"
+"envar>, <envar>HG_PARENT1</envar> or <envar>HG_PARENT2</envar>, it contains a "
+"changeset ID represented as a hexadecimal string.  The empty string is used "
+"to represent <quote>null changeset ID</quote> instead of a string of zeroes.  "
+"If an environment variable is named <envar>HG_URL</envar>, it will contain "
+"the URL of a remote repository, if that can be determined."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1412
+msgid ""
+"If a hook exits with a status of zero, it is considered to have succeeded.  "
+"If it exits with a non-zero status, it is considered to have failed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1419
+msgid "Finding out where changesets come from"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1421
+msgid ""
+"A hook that involves the transfer of changesets between a local repository "
+"and another may be able to find out information about the <quote>far side</"
+"quote>.  Mercurial knows <emphasis>how</emphasis> changes are being "
+"transferred, and in many cases <emphasis>where</emphasis> they are being "
+"transferred to or from."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1430
+msgid "Sources of changesets"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1432
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial will tell a hook what means are, or were, used to transfer "
+"changesets between repositories.  This is provided by Mercurial in a Python "
+"parameter named <literal>source</literal>, or an environment variable named "
+"<envar>HG_SOURCE</envar>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1440
+msgid ""
+"<literal>serve</literal>: Changesets are transferred to or from a remote "
+"repository over http or ssh."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1445
+msgid ""
+"<literal>pull</literal>: Changesets are being transferred via a pull from one "
+"repository into another."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1450
+msgid ""
+"<literal>push</literal>: Changesets are being transferred via a push from one "
+"repository into another."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1455
+msgid ""
+"<literal>bundle</literal>: Changesets are being transferred to or from a "
+"bundle."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1462
+msgid "Where changes are going&emdash;remote repository URLs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1465
+msgid ""
+"When possible, Mercurial will tell a hook the location of the <quote>far "
+"side</quote> of an activity that transfers changeset data between "
+"repositories.  This is provided by Mercurial in a Python parameter named "
+"<literal>url</literal>, or an environment variable named <envar>HG_URL</"
+"envar>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1473
+msgid ""
+"This information is not always known.  If a hook is invoked in a repository "
+"that is being served via http or ssh, Mercurial cannot tell where the remote "
+"repository is, but it may know where the client is connecting from.  In such "
+"cases, the URL will take one of the following forms:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1480
+msgid ""
+"<literal>remote:ssh:1.2.3.4</literal>&emdash;remote ssh client, at the IP "
+"address <literal>1.2.3.4</literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1485
+msgid ""
+"<literal>remote:http:1.2.3.4</literal>&emdash;remote http client, at the IP "
+"address <literal>1.2.3.4</literal>.  If the client is using SSL, this will be "
+"of the form <literal>remote:https:1.2.3.4</literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1492
+msgid "Empty&emdash;no information could be discovered about the remote client."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1501
+msgid "Hook reference"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1504
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"hook\">changegroup</literal>&emdash;after remote changesets "
+"added"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1507
+msgid ""
+"This hook is run after a group of pre-existing changesets has been added to "
+"the repository, for example via a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> "
+"or <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg unbundle</command>.  This hook is run once per "
+"operation that added one or more changesets.  This is in contrast to the "
+"<literal role=\"hook\">incoming</literal> hook, which is run once per "
+"changeset, regardless of whether the changesets arrive in a group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1517
+msgid ""
+"Some possible uses for this hook include kicking off an automated build or "
+"test of the added changesets, updating a bug database, or notifying "
+"subscribers that a repository contains new changes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1523 ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1564 ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1607
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1649 ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1704 ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1744
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1780 ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1815 ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1877
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1935 ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1969 ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1997
+msgid "Parameters to this hook:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1526 ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1880
+msgid ""
+"<literal>node</literal>: A changeset ID.  The changeset ID of the first "
+"changeset in the group that was added.  All changesets between this and "
+"\\index{tags!<literal>tip</literal>}<literal>tip</literal>, inclusive, were "
+"added by a single <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command>, <command role="
+"\"hg-cmd\">hg push</command> or <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg unbundle</"
+"command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1536 ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1614 ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1707
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1890
+msgid ""
+"<literal>source</literal>: A string.  The source of these changes.  See "
+"section <xref linkend=\"sec.hook.sources\"/> for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1541 ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1619 ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1670
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1712 ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1794 ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1895
+msgid ""
+"<literal>url</literal>: A URL.  The location of the remote repository, if "
+"known.  See section <xref linkend=\"sec.hook.url\"/> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1548
+msgid ""
+"See also: <literal role=\"hook\">incoming</literal> (section <xref linkend="
+"\"sec.hook.incoming\"/>), <literal role=\"hook\">prechangegroup</literal> "
+"(section <xref linkend=\"sec.hook.prechangegroup\"/>), <literal role=\"hook"
+"\">pretxnchangegroup</literal> (section <xref linkend=\"sec.hook."
+"pretxnchangegroup\"/>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1558
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"hook\">commit</literal>&emdash;after a new changeset is "
+"created"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1561
+msgid "This hook is run after a new changeset has been created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1567 ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1938
+msgid ""
+"<literal>node</literal>: A changeset ID.  The changeset ID of the newly "
+"committed changeset."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1571 ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1942
+msgid ""
+"<literal>parent1</literal>: A changeset ID.  The changeset ID of the first "
+"parent of the newly committed changeset."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1576 ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1947
+msgid ""
+"<literal>parent2</literal>: A changeset ID.  The changeset ID of the second "
+"parent of the newly committed changeset."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1582
+msgid ""
+"See also: <literal role=\"hook\">precommit</literal> (section <xref linkend="
+"\"sec.hook.precommit\"/>), <literal role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal> "
+"(section <xref linkend=\"sec.hook.pretxncommit\"/>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1590
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"hook\">incoming</literal>&emdash;after one remote changeset "
+"is added"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1593
+msgid ""
+"This hook is run after a pre-existing changeset has been added to the "
+"repository, for example via a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg push</command>.  If "
+"a group of changesets was added in a single operation, this hook is called "
+"once for each added changeset."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1600
+msgid ""
+"You can use this hook for the same purposes as the <literal role=\"hook"
+"\">changegroup</literal> hook (section <xref linkend=\"sec.hook.changegroup\"/"
+">); it's simply more convenient sometimes to run a hook once per group of "
+"changesets, while other times it's handier once per changeset."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1610
+msgid ""
+"<literal>node</literal>: A changeset ID.  The ID of the newly added changeset."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1626
+msgid ""
+"See also: <literal role=\"hook\">changegroup</literal> (section <xref linkend="
+"\"sec.hook.changegroup\"/>) <literal role=\"hook\">prechangegroup</literal> "
+"(section <xref linkend=\"sec.hook.prechangegroup\"/>), <literal role=\"hook"
+"\">pretxnchangegroup</literal> (section <xref linkend=\"sec.hook."
+"pretxnchangegroup\"/>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1636
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"hook\">outgoing</literal>&emdash;after changesets are "
+"propagated"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1639
+msgid ""
+"This hook is run after a group of changesets has been propagated out of this "
+"repository, for example by a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg push</command> or "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bundle</command> command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1645
+msgid ""
+"One possible use for this hook is to notify administrators that changes have "
+"been pulled."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1652
+msgid ""
+"<literal>node</literal>: A changeset ID.  The changeset ID of the first "
+"changeset of the group that was sent."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1657
+msgid ""
+"<literal>source</literal>: A string.  The source of the of the operation (see "
+"section <xref linkend=\"sec.hook.sources\"/>).  If a remote client pulled "
+"changes from this repository, <literal>source</literal> will be "
+"<literal>serve</literal>.  If the client that obtained changes from this "
+"repository was local, <literal>source</literal> will be <literal>bundle</"
+"literal>, <literal>pull</literal>, or <literal>push</literal>, depending on "
+"the operation the client performed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1677
+msgid ""
+"See also: <literal role=\"hook\">preoutgoing</literal> (section <xref linkend="
+"\"sec.hook.preoutgoing\"/>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1683
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"hook\">prechangegroup</literal>&emdash;before starting to add "
+"remote changesets"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1687
+msgid ""
+"This controlling hook is run before Mercurial begins to add a group of "
+"changesets from another repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1691
+msgid ""
+"This hook does not have any information about the changesets to be added, "
+"because it is run before transmission of those changesets is allowed to "
+"begin.  If this hook fails, the changesets will not be transmitted."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1697
+msgid ""
+"One use for this hook is to prevent external changes from being added to a "
+"repository.  For example, you could use this to <quote>freeze</quote> a "
+"server-hosted branch temporarily or permanently so that users cannot push to "
+"it, while still allowing a local administrator to modify the repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1719
+msgid ""
+"See also: <literal role=\"hook\">changegroup</literal> (section <xref linkend="
+"\"sec.hook.changegroup\"/>), <literal role=\"hook\">incoming</literal> "
+"(section <xref linkend=\"sec.hook.incoming\"/>), , <literal role=\"hook"
+"\">pretxnchangegroup</literal> (section <xref linkend=\"sec.hook."
+"pretxnchangegroup\"/>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1729
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"hook\">precommit</literal>&emdash;before starting to commit a "
+"changeset"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1732
+msgid ""
+"This hook is run before Mercurial begins to commit a new changeset. It is run "
+"before Mercurial has any of the metadata for the commit, such as the files to "
+"be committed, the commit message, or the commit date."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1738
+msgid ""
+"One use for this hook is to disable the ability to commit new changesets, "
+"while still allowing incoming changesets.  Another is to run a build or test, "
+"and only allow the commit to begin if the build or test succeeds."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1747
+msgid ""
+"<literal>parent1</literal>: A changeset ID.  The changeset ID of the first "
+"parent of the working directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1752
+msgid ""
+"<literal>parent2</literal>: A changeset ID.  The changeset ID of the second "
+"parent of the working directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1757
+msgid ""
+"If the commit proceeds, the parents of the working directory will become the "
+"parents of the new changeset."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1761
+msgid ""
+"See also: <literal role=\"hook\">commit</literal> (section <xref linkend="
+"\"sec.hook.commit\"/>), <literal role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal> "
+"(section <xref linkend=\"sec.hook.pretxncommit\"/>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1769
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"hook\">preoutgoing</literal>&emdash;before starting to "
+"propagate changesets"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1772
+msgid ""
+"This hook is invoked before Mercurial knows the identities of the changesets "
+"to be transmitted."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1776
+msgid ""
+"One use for this hook is to prevent changes from being transmitted to another "
+"repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1783
+msgid ""
+"<literal>source</literal>: A string.  The source of the operation that is "
+"attempting to obtain changes from this repository (see section <xref linkend="
+"\"sec.hook.sources\"/>).  See the documentation for the <literal>source</"
+"literal> parameter to the <literal role=\"hook\">outgoing</literal> hook, in "
+"section <xref linkend=\"sec.hook.outgoing\"/>, for possible values of this "
+"parameter."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1801
+msgid ""
+"See also: <literal role=\"hook\">outgoing</literal> (section <xref linkend="
+"\"sec.hook.outgoing\"/>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1807
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"hook\">pretag</literal>&emdash;before tagging a changeset"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1810
+msgid ""
+"This controlling hook is run before a tag is created.  If the hook succeeds, "
+"creation of the tag proceeds.  If the hook fails, the tag is not created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1818
+msgid ""
+"<literal>local</literal>: A boolean.  Whether the tag is local to this "
+"repository instance (i.e. stored in <filename role=\"special\">.hg/localtags</"
+"filename>) or managed by Mercurial (stored in <filename role=\"special\">."
+"hgtags</filename>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1825
+msgid ""
+"<literal>node</literal>: A changeset ID.  The ID of the changeset to be "
+"tagged."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1829
+msgid "<literal>tag</literal>: A string.  The name of the tag to be created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1834
+msgid ""
+"If the tag to be created is revision-controlled, the <literal role=\"hook"
+"\">precommit</literal> and <literal role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal> "
+"hooks (sections <xref linkend=\"sec.hook.commit\"/> and <xref linkend=\"sec."
+"hook.pretxncommit\"/>) will also be run."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1841
+msgid ""
+"See also: <literal role=\"hook\">tag</literal> (section <xref linkend=\"sec."
+"hook.tag\"/>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1846
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"hook\">pretxnchangegroup</literal>&emdash;before completing "
+"addition of remote changesets"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1850
+msgid ""
+"This controlling hook is run before a transaction&emdash;that manages the "
+"addition of a group of new changesets from outside the repository&emdash;"
+"completes.  If the hook succeeds, the transaction completes, and all of the "
+"changesets become permanent within this repository.  If the hook fails, the "
+"transaction is rolled back, and the data for the changesets is erased."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1859
+msgid ""
+"This hook can access the metadata associated with the almost-added "
+"changesets, but it should not do anything permanent with this data. It must "
+"also not modify the working directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1865
+msgid ""
+"While this hook is running, if other Mercurial processes access this "
+"repository, they will be able to see the almost-added changesets as if they "
+"are permanent.  This may lead to race conditions if you do not take steps to "
+"avoid them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1872
+msgid ""
+"This hook can be used to automatically vet a group of changesets.  If the "
+"hook fails, all of the changesets are <quote>rejected</quote> when the "
+"transaction rolls back."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1902
+msgid ""
+"See also: <literal role=\"hook\">changegroup</literal> (section <xref linkend="
+"\"sec.hook.changegroup\"/>), <literal role=\"hook\">incoming</literal> "
+"(section <xref linkend=\"sec.hook.incoming\"/>), <literal role=\"hook"
+"\">prechangegroup</literal> (section <xref linkend=\"sec.hook.prechangegroup"
+"\"/>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1912
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal>&emdash;before completing commit "
+"of new changeset"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1915
+msgid ""
+"This controlling hook is run before a transaction&emdash;that manages a new "
+"commit&emdash;completes.  If the hook succeeds, the transaction completes and "
+"the changeset becomes permanent within this repository.  If the hook fails, "
+"the transaction is rolled back, and the commit data is erased."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1923
+msgid ""
+"This hook can access the metadata associated with the almost-new changeset, "
+"but it should not do anything permanent with this data.  It must also not "
+"modify the working directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1929
+msgid ""
+"While this hook is running, if other Mercurial processes access this "
+"repository, they will be able to see the almost-new changeset as if it is "
+"permanent.  This may lead to race conditions if you do not take steps to "
+"avoid them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1953
+msgid ""
+"See also: <literal role=\"hook\">precommit</literal> (section <xref linkend="
+"\"sec.hook.precommit\"/>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1959
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"hook\">preupdate</literal>&emdash;before updating or merging "
+"working directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1962
+msgid ""
+"This controlling hook is run before an update or merge of the working "
+"directory begins.  It is run only if Mercurial's normal pre-update checks "
+"determine that the update or merge can proceed.  If the hook succeeds, the "
+"update or merge may proceed; if it fails, the update or merge does not start."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1972
+msgid ""
+"<literal>parent1</literal>: A changeset ID.  The ID of the parent that the "
+"working directory is to be updated to.  If the working directory is being "
+"merged, it will not change this parent."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1978
+msgid ""
+"<literal>parent2</literal>: A changeset ID.  Only set if the working "
+"directory is being merged.  The ID of the revision that the working directory "
+"is being merged with."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1985
+msgid ""
+"See also: <literal role=\"hook\">update</literal> (section <xref linkend="
+"\"sec.hook.update\"/>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1991
+msgid "<literal role=\"hook\">tag</literal>&emdash;after tagging a changeset"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:1994
+msgid "This hook is run after a tag has been created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:2000
+msgid ""
+"<literal>local</literal>: A boolean.  Whether the new tag is local to this "
+"repository instance (i.e.  stored in <filename role=\"special\">.hg/"
+"localtags</filename>) or managed by Mercurial (stored in <filename role="
+"\"special\">.hgtags</filename>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:2008
+msgid ""
+"<literal>node</literal>: A changeset ID.  The ID of the changeset that was "
+"tagged."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:2012
+msgid "<literal>tag</literal>: A string.  The name of the tag that was created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:2017
+msgid ""
+"If the created tag is revision-controlled, the <literal role=\"hook\">commit</"
+"literal> hook (section <xref linkend=\"sec.hook.commit\"/>) is run before "
+"this hook."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:2022
+msgid ""
+"See also: <literal role=\"hook\">pretag</literal> (section <xref linkend="
+"\"sec.hook.pretag\"/>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:2028
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"hook\">update</literal>&emdash;after updating or merging "
+"working directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:2031
+msgid ""
+"This hook is run after an update or merge of the working directory "
+"completes.  Since a merge can fail (if the external <command>hgmerge</"
+"command> command fails to resolve conflicts in a file), this hook "
+"communicates whether the update or merge completed cleanly."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:2039
+msgid ""
+"<literal>error</literal>: A boolean.  Indicates whether the update or merge "
+"completed successfully."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:2044
+msgid ""
+"<literal>parent1</literal>: A changeset ID.  The ID of the parent that the "
+"working directory was updated to.  If the working directory was merged, it "
+"will not have changed this parent."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:2050
+msgid ""
+"<literal>parent2</literal>: A changeset ID.  Only set if the working "
+"directory was merged.  The ID of the revision that the working directory was "
+"merged with."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch10-hook.xml:2056
+msgid ""
+"See also: <literal role=\"hook\">preupdate</literal> (section <xref linkend="
+"\"sec.hook.preupdate\"/>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:5
+msgid "Customising the output of Mercurial"
+msgstr "定制 Mercurial 的输出"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:7
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial provides a powerful mechanism to let you control how it displays "
+"information.  The mechanism is based on templates.  You can use templates to "
+"generate specific output for a single command, or to customise the entire "
+"appearance of the built-in web interface."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:14
+msgid "Using precanned output styles"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:16
+msgid ""
+"Packaged with Mercurial are some output styles that you can use immediately.  "
+"A style is simply a precanned template that someone wrote and installed "
+"somewhere that Mercurial can find."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:21
+msgid ""
+"Before we take a look at Mercurial's bundled styles, let's review its normal "
+"output."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:26
+msgid ""
+"This is somewhat informative, but it takes up a lot of space&emdash;five "
+"lines of output per changeset.  The <literal>compact</literal> style reduces "
+"this to three lines, presented in a sparse manner."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:33
+msgid ""
+"The <literal>changelog</literal> style hints at the expressive power of "
+"Mercurial's templating engine.  This style attempts to follow the GNU "
+"Project's changelog guidelines<citation>web:changelog</citation>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:40
+msgid ""
+"You will not be shocked to learn that Mercurial's default output style is "
+"named <literal>default</literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:44
+msgid "Setting a default style"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:46
+msgid ""
+"You can modify the output style that Mercurial will use for every command by "
+"editing your <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>\\ file, naming the "
+"style you would prefer to use."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:53
+msgid ""
+"If you write a style of your own, you can use it by either providing the path "
+"to your style file, or copying your style file into a location where "
+"Mercurial can find it (typically the <literal>templates</literal> "
+"subdirectory of your Mercurial install directory)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:62
+msgid "Commands that support styles and templates"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:64
+msgid ""
+"All of Mercurial's <quote><literal>log</literal>-like</quote> commands let "
+"you use styles and templates: <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg incoming</command>, "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command>, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"outgoing</command>, and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tip</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:71
+msgid ""
+"As I write this manual, these are so far the only commands that support "
+"styles and templates.  Since these are the most important commands that need "
+"customisable output, there has been little pressure from the Mercurial user "
+"community to add style and template support to other commands."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:79
+msgid "The basics of templating"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:81
+msgid ""
+"At its simplest, a Mercurial template is a piece of text.  Some of the text "
+"never changes, while other parts are <emphasis>expanded</emphasis>, or "
+"replaced with new text, when necessary."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:86
+msgid ""
+"Before we continue, let's look again at a simple example of Mercurial's "
+"normal output."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:91
+msgid ""
+"Now, let's run the same command, but using a template to change its output."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:96
+msgid ""
+"The example above illustrates the simplest possible template; it's just a "
+"piece of static text, printed once for each changeset.  The <option role=\"hg-"
+"opt-log\">--template</option> option to the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</"
+"command> command tells Mercurial to use the given text as the template when "
+"printing each changeset."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:104
+msgid ""
+"Notice that the template string above ends with the text <quote><literal>\\n</"
+"literal></quote>.  This is an <emphasis>escape sequence</emphasis>, telling "
+"Mercurial to print a newline at the end of each template item.  If you omit "
+"this newline, Mercurial will run each piece of output together.  See section "
+"<xref linkend=\"sec.template.escape\"/> for more details of escape sequences."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:112
+msgid ""
+"A template that prints a fixed string of text all the time isn't very useful; "
+"let's try something a bit more complex."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:118
+msgid ""
+"As you can see, the string <quote><literal>{desc}</literal></quote> in the "
+"template has been replaced in the output with the description of each "
+"changeset.  Every time Mercurial finds text enclosed in curly braces "
+"(<quote><literal>{</literal></quote> and <quote><literal>}</literal></"
+"quote>), it will try to replace the braces and text with the expansion of "
+"whatever is inside.  To print a literal curly brace, you must escape it, as "
+"described in section <xref linkend=\"sec.template.escape\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:131
+msgid "Common template keywords"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:133
+msgid ""
+"You can start writing simple templates immediately using the keywords below."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:137
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-keyword\">author</literal>: String.  The unmodified "
+"author of the changeset."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:141
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-keyword\">branches</literal>: String.  The name of "
+"the branch on which the changeset was committed.  Will be empty if the branch "
+"name was <literal>default</literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:147
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-keyword\">date</literal>: Date information.  The "
+"date when the changeset was committed.  This is <emphasis>not</emphasis> "
+"human-readable; you must pass it through a filter that will render it "
+"appropriately.  See section <xref linkend=\"sec.template.filter\"/> for more "
+"information on filters. The date is expressed as a pair of numbers.  The "
+"first number is a Unix UTC timestamp (seconds since January 1, 1970); the "
+"second is the offset of the committer's timezone from UTC, in seconds."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:158
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-keyword\">desc</literal>: String.  The text of the "
+"changeset description."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:161
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-keyword\">files</literal>: List of strings.  All "
+"files modified, added, or removed by this changeset."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:166
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-keyword\">file_adds</literal>: List of strings.  "
+"Files added by this changeset."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:170
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-keyword\">file_dels</literal>: List of strings.  "
+"Files removed by this changeset."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:174
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-keyword\">node</literal>: String.  The changeset "
+"identification hash, as a 40-character hexadecimal string."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:178
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-keyword\">parents</literal>: List of strings.  The "
+"parents of the changeset."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:182
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-keyword\">rev</literal>: Integer.  The repository-"
+"local changeset revision number."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:186
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-keyword\">tags</literal>: List of strings.  Any tags "
+"associated with the changeset."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:191
+msgid ""
+"A few simple experiments will show us what to expect when we use these "
+"keywords; you can see the results below."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:196
+msgid ""
+"As we noted above, the date keyword does not produce human-readable output, "
+"so we must treat it specially.  This involves using a <emphasis>filter</"
+"emphasis>, about which more in section <xref linkend=\"sec.template.filter\"/"
+">."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:206
+msgid "Escape sequences"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:208
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial's templating engine recognises the most commonly used escape "
+"sequences in strings.  When it sees a backslash (<quote><literal>\\</"
+"literal></quote>) character, it looks at the following character and "
+"substitutes the two characters with a single replacement, as described below."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:215
+msgid ""
+"<literal>\\textbackslash\\textbackslash</literal>: Backslash, <quote><literal>"
+"\\</literal></quote>, ASCII 134."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:219
+msgid "<literal>\\textbackslash n</literal>: Newline, ASCII 12."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:222
+msgid "<literal>\\textbackslash r</literal>: Carriage return, ASCII 15."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:225
+msgid "<literal>\\textbackslash t</literal>: Tab, ASCII 11."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:228
+msgid "<literal>\\textbackslash v</literal>: Vertical tab, ASCII 13."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:231
+msgid ""
+"<literal>\\textbackslash {</literal>: Open curly brace, <quote><literal>{</"
+"literal></quote>, ASCII 173."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:235
+msgid ""
+"<literal>\\textbackslash }</literal>: Close curly brace, <quote><literal>}</"
+"literal></quote>, ASCII 175."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:240
+msgid ""
+"As indicated above, if you want the expansion of a template to contain a "
+"literal <quote><literal>\\</literal></quote>, <quote><literal>{</literal></"
+"quote>, or <quote><literal>{</literal></quote> character, you must escape it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:248
+msgid "Filtering keywords to change their results"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:250
+msgid ""
+"Some of the results of template expansion are not immediately easy to use.  "
+"Mercurial lets you specify an optional chain of <emphasis>filters</emphasis> "
+"to modify the result of expanding a keyword.  You have already seen a common "
+"filter, <literal role=\"template-kw-filt-date\">isodate</literal>, in action "
+"above, to make a date readable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:257
+msgid ""
+"Below is a list of the most commonly used filters that Mercurial supports.  "
+"While some filters can be applied to any text, others can only be used in "
+"specific circumstances.  The name of each filter is followed first by an "
+"indication of where it can be used, then a description of its effect."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:264
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-filter\">addbreaks</literal>: Any text. Add an XHTML "
+"<quote><literal>&lt;br/&gt;</literal></quote> tag before the end of every "
+"line except the last.  For example, <quote><literal>foo\\nbar</literal></"
+"quote> becomes <quote><literal>foo&lt;br/&gt;\\nbar</literal></quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:271
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-kw-filt-date\">age</literal>: <literal role="
+"\"template-keyword\">date</literal> keyword.  Render the age of the date, "
+"relative to the current time.  Yields a string like <quote><literal>10 "
+"minutes</literal></quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:278
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-filter\">basename</literal>: Any text, but most "
+"useful for the <literal role=\"template-keyword\">files</literal> keyword and "
+"its relatives.  Treat the text as a path, and return the basename. For "
+"example, <quote><literal>foo/bar/baz</literal></quote> becomes "
+"<quote><literal>baz</literal></quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:287
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-kw-filt-date\">date</literal>: <literal role="
+"\"template-keyword\">date</literal> keyword.  Render a date in a similar "
+"format to the Unix <literal role=\"template-keyword\">date</literal> command, "
+"but with timezone included.  Yields a string like <quote><literal>Mon Sep 04 "
+"15:13:13 2006 -0700</literal></quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:295
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-kw-filt-author\">domain</literal>: Any text, but "
+"most useful for the <literal role=\"template-keyword\">author</literal> "
+"keyword.  Finds the first string that looks like an email address, and "
+"extract just the domain component.  For example, <quote><literal>Bryan "
+"O'Sullivan &lt;[e-mail]&gt;</literal></quote> becomes "
+"<quote><literal>serpentine.com</literal></quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:305
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-kw-filt-author\">email</literal>: Any text, but most "
+"useful for the <literal role=\"template-keyword\">author</literal> keyword.  "
+"Extract the first string that looks like an email address.  For example, "
+"<quote><literal>Bryan O'Sullivan &lt;[e-mail]&gt;</literal></quote> "
+"becomes <quote><literal>[e-mail]</literal></quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:314
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-filter\">escape</literal>: Any text.  Replace the "
+"special XML/XHTML characters <quote><literal>&amp;</literal></quote>, "
+"<quote><literal>&lt;</literal></quote> and <quote><literal>&gt;</literal></"
+"quote> with XML entities."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:322
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-filter\">fill68</literal>: Any text.  Wrap the text "
+"to fit in 68 columns.  This is useful before you pass text through the "
+"<literal role=\"template-filter\">tabindent</literal> filter, and still want "
+"it to fit in an 80-column fixed-font window."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:330
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-filter\">fill76</literal>: Any text.  Wrap the text "
+"to fit in 76 columns."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:334
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-filter\">firstline</literal>: Any text.  Yield the "
+"first line of text, without any trailing newlines."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:339
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-kw-filt-date\">hgdate</literal>: <literal role="
+"\"template-keyword\">date</literal> keyword.  Render the date as a pair of "
+"readable numbers.  Yields a string like <quote><literal>1157407993 25200</"
+"literal></quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:346
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-kw-filt-date\">isodate</literal>: <literal role="
+"\"template-keyword\">date</literal> keyword.  Render the date as a text "
+"string in ISO 8601 format.  Yields a string like <quote><literal>2006-09-04 "
+"15:13:13 -0700</literal></quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:353
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-filter\">obfuscate</literal>: Any text, but most "
+"useful for the <literal role=\"template-keyword\">author</literal> keyword.  "
+"Yield the input text rendered as a sequence of XML entities.  This helps to "
+"defeat some particularly stupid screen-scraping email harvesting spambots."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:361
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-kw-filt-author\">person</literal>: Any text, but "
+"most useful for the <literal role=\"template-keyword\">author</literal> "
+"keyword.  Yield the text before an email address. For example, "
+"<quote><literal>Bryan O'Sullivan &lt;[e-mail]&gt;</literal></quote> "
+"becomes <quote><literal>Bryan O'Sullivan</literal></quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:370
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-kw-filt-date\">rfc822date</literal>: <literal role="
+"\"template-keyword\">date</literal> keyword.  Render a date using the same "
+"format used in email headers.  Yields a string like <quote><literal>Mon, 04 "
+"Sep 2006 15:13:13 -0700</literal></quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:377
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-kw-filt-node\">short</literal>: Changeset hash.  "
+"Yield the short form of a changeset hash, i.e. a 12-character hexadecimal "
+"string."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:382
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-kw-filt-date\">shortdate</literal>: <literal role="
+"\"template-keyword\">date</literal> keyword.  Render the year, month, and day "
+"of the date.  Yields a string like <quote><literal>2006-09-04</literal></"
+"quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:388
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-filter\">strip</literal>: Any text.  Strip all "
+"leading and trailing whitespace from the string."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:392
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-filter\">tabindent</literal>: Any text.  Yield the "
+"text, with every line except the first starting with a tab character."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:397
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-filter\">urlescape</literal>: Any text.  Escape all "
+"characters that are considered <quote>special</quote> by URL parsers.  For "
+"example, <literal>foo bar</literal> becomes <literal>foo%20bar</literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:404
+msgid ""
+"<literal role=\"template-kw-filt-author\">user</literal>: Any text, but most "
+"useful for the <literal role=\"template-keyword\">author</literal> keyword.  "
+"Return the <quote>user</quote> portion of an email address.  For example, "
+"<quote><literal>Bryan O'Sullivan &lt;[e-mail]&gt;</literal></quote> "
+"becomes <quote><literal>bos</literal></quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><note><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:417
+msgid ""
+"If you try to apply a filter to a piece of data that it cannot process, "
+"Mercurial will fail and print a Python exception.  For example, trying to run "
+"the output of the <literal role=\"template-keyword\">desc</literal> keyword "
+"into the <literal role=\"template-kw-filt-date\">isodate</literal> filter is "
+"not a good idea."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:426
+msgid "Combining filters"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:428
+msgid ""
+"It is easy to combine filters to yield output in the form you would like.  "
+"The following chain of filters tidies up a description, then makes sure that "
+"it fits cleanly into 68 columns, then indents it by a further 8 characters "
+"(at least on Unix-like systems, where a tab is conventionally 8 characters "
+"wide)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:437
+msgid ""
+"Note the use of <quote><literal>\\t</literal></quote> (a tab character) in "
+"the template to force the first line to be indented; this is necessary since "
+"<literal role=\"template-keyword\">tabindent</literal> indents all lines "
+"<emphasis>except</emphasis> the first."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:443
+msgid ""
+"Keep in mind that the order of filters in a chain is significant.  The first "
+"filter is applied to the result of the keyword; the second to the result of "
+"the first filter; and so on.  For example, using <literal>fill68|tabindent</"
+"literal> gives very different results from <literal>tabindent|fill68</"
+"literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:454
+msgid "From templates to styles"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:456
+msgid ""
+"A command line template provides a quick and simple way to format some "
+"output.  Templates can become verbose, though, and it's useful to be able to "
+"give a template a name.  A style file is a template with a name, stored in a "
+"file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:461
+msgid ""
+"More than that, using a style file unlocks the power of Mercurial's "
+"templating engine in ways that are not possible using the command line "
+"<option role=\"hg-opt-log\">--template</option> option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:467
+msgid "The simplest of style files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:469
+msgid "Our simple style file contains just one line:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:473
+msgid ""
+"This tells Mercurial, <quote>if you're printing a changeset, use the text on "
+"the right as the template</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:479
+msgid "Style file syntax"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:481
+msgid "The syntax rules for a style file are simple."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:484
+msgid "The file is processed one line at a time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:487
+msgid "Leading and trailing white space are ignored."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:490
+msgid "Empty lines are skipped."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:492
+msgid ""
+"If a line starts with either of the characters <quote><literal>#</literal></"
+"quote> or <quote><literal>;</literal></quote>, the entire line is treated as "
+"a comment, and skipped as if empty."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:497
+msgid ""
+"A line starts with a keyword.  This must start with an alphabetic character "
+"or underscore, and can subsequently contain any alphanumeric character or "
+"underscore.  (In regexp notation, a keyword must match <literal>[A-Za-z_][A-"
+"Za-z0-9_]*</literal>.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:503
+msgid ""
+"The next element must be an <quote><literal>=</literal></quote> character, "
+"which can be preceded or followed by an arbitrary amount of white space."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:508
+msgid ""
+"If the rest of the line starts and ends with matching quote characters "
+"(either single or double quote), it is treated as a template body."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:512
+msgid ""
+"If the rest of the line <emphasis>does not</emphasis> start with a quote "
+"character, it is treated as the name of a file; the contents of this file "
+"will be read and used as a template body."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:521
+msgid "Style files by example"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:523
+msgid ""
+"To illustrate how to write a style file, we will construct a few by example.  "
+"Rather than provide a complete style file and walk through it, we'll mirror "
+"the usual process of developing a style file by starting with something very "
+"simple, and walking through a series of successively more complete examples."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:530
+msgid "Identifying mistakes in style files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:532
+msgid ""
+"If Mercurial encounters a problem in a style file you are working on, it "
+"prints a terse error message that, once you figure out what it means, is "
+"actually quite useful."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:538
+msgid ""
+"Notice that <filename>broken.style</filename> attempts to define a "
+"<literal>changeset</literal> keyword, but forgets to give any content for it. "
+"When instructed to use this style file, Mercurial promptly complains."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:545
+msgid "This error message looks intimidating, but it is not too hard to follow."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:549
+msgid ""
+"The first component is simply Mercurial's way of saying <quote>I am giving "
+"up</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:554
+msgid "Next comes the name of the style file that contains the error."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:560
+msgid ""
+"Following the file name is the line number where the error was encountered."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:565
+msgid "Finally, a description of what went wrong."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:570
+msgid ""
+"The description of the problem is not always clear (as in this case), but "
+"even when it is cryptic, it is almost always trivial to visually inspect the "
+"offending line in the style file and see what is wrong."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:578
+msgid "Uniquely identifying a repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:580
+msgid ""
+"If you would like to be able to identify a Mercurial repository <quote>fairly "
+"uniquely</quote> using a short string as an identifier, you can use the first "
+"revision in the repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:587
+msgid ""
+"This is not guaranteed to be unique, but it is nevertheless useful in many "
+"cases."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:590
+msgid ""
+"It will not work in a completely empty repository, because such a repository "
+"does not have a revision zero."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:594
+msgid ""
+"Neither will it work in the (extremely rare)  case where a repository is a "
+"merge of two or more formerly independent repositories, and you still have "
+"those repositories around."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:599
+msgid "Here are some uses to which you could put this identifier:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:602
+msgid ""
+"As a key into a table for a database that manages repositories on a server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:605
+msgid ""
+"As half of a {<emphasis>repository ID</emphasis>, <emphasis>revision ID</"
+"emphasis>} tuple.  Save this information away when you run an automated build "
+"or other activity, so that you can <quote>replay</quote> the build later if "
+"necessary."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:614
+msgid "Mimicking Subversion's output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:616
+msgid ""
+"Let's try to emulate the default output format used by another revision "
+"control tool, Subversion."
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:621
+msgid ""
+"Since Subversion's output style is fairly simple, it is easy to copy-and-"
+"paste a hunk of its output into a file, and replace the text produced above "
+"by Subversion with the template values we'd like to see expanded."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:628
+msgid ""
+"There are a few small ways in which this template deviates from the output "
+"produced by Subversion."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:631
+msgid ""
+"Subversion prints a <quote>readable</quote> date (the <quote><literal>Wed, 27 "
+"Sep 2006</literal></quote> in the example output above) in parentheses.  "
+"Mercurial's templating engine does not provide a way to display a date in "
+"this format without also printing the time and time zone."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:638
+msgid ""
+"We emulate Subversion's printing of <quote>separator</quote> lines full of "
+"<quote><literal>-</literal></quote> characters by ending the template with "
+"such a line. We use the templating engine's <literal role=\"template-keyword"
+"\">header</literal> keyword to print a separator line as the first line of "
+"output (see below), thus achieving similar output to Subversion."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:647
+msgid ""
+"Subversion's output includes a count in the header of the number of lines in "
+"the commit message.  We cannot replicate this in Mercurial; the templating "
+"engine does not currently provide a filter that counts the number of lines "
+"the template generates."
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:653
+msgid ""
+"It took me no more than a minute or two of work to replace literal text from "
+"an example of Subversion's output with some keywords and filters to give the "
+"template above.  The style file simply refers to the template."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch11-template.xml:660
+msgid ""
+"We could have included the text of the template file directly in the style "
+"file by enclosing it in quotes and replacing the newlines with "
+"<quote><literal>\\n</literal></quote> sequences, but it would have made the "
+"style file too difficult to read.  Readability is a good guide when you're "
+"trying to decide whether some text belongs in a style file, or in a template "
+"file that the style file points to.  If the style file will look too big or "
+"cluttered if you insert a literal piece of text, drop it into a template "
+"instead."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:5
+msgid "Managing change with Mercurial Queues"
+msgstr "使用 MQ 管理修改"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:8
+msgid "The patch management problem"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:10
+msgid ""
+"Here is a common scenario: you need to install a software package from "
+"source, but you find a bug that you must fix in the source before you can "
+"start using the package.  You make your changes, forget about the package for "
+"a while, and a few months later you need to upgrade to a newer version of the "
+"package.  If the newer version of the package still has the bug, you must "
+"extract your fix from the older source tree and apply it against the newer "
+"version.  This is a tedious task, and it's easy to make mistakes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:20
+msgid ""
+"This is a simple case of the <quote>patch management</quote> problem.  You "
+"have an <quote>upstream</quote> source tree that you can't change; you need "
+"to make some local changes on top of the upstream tree; and you'd like to be "
+"able to keep those changes separate, so that you can apply them to newer "
+"versions of the upstream source."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:27
+msgid ""
+"The patch management problem arises in many situations.  Probably the most "
+"visible is that a user of an open source software project will contribute a "
+"bug fix or new feature to the project's maintainers in the form of a patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:32
+msgid ""
+"Distributors of operating systems that include open source software often "
+"need to make changes to the packages they distribute so that they will build "
+"properly in their environments."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:37
+msgid ""
+"When you have few changes to maintain, it is easy to manage a single patch "
+"using the standard <command>diff</command> and <command>patch</command> "
+"programs (see section <xref linkend=\"sec.mq.patch\"/> for a discussion of "
+"these tools). Once the number of changes grows, it starts to make sense to "
+"maintain patches as discrete <quote>chunks of work,</quote> so that for "
+"example a single patch will contain only one bug fix (the patch might modify "
+"several files, but it's doing <quote>only one thing</quote>), and you may "
+"have a number of such patches for different bugs you need fixed and local "
+"changes you require.  In this situation, if you submit a bug fix patch to the "
+"upstream maintainers of a package and they include your fix in a subsequent "
+"release, you can simply drop that single patch when you're updating to the "
+"newer release."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:52
+msgid ""
+"Maintaining a single patch against an upstream tree is a little tedious and "
+"error-prone, but not difficult.  However, the complexity of the problem grows "
+"rapidly as the number of patches you have to maintain increases.  With more "
+"than a tiny number of patches in hand, understanding which ones you have "
+"applied and maintaining them moves from messy to overwhelming."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:59
+msgid ""
+"Fortunately, Mercurial includes a powerful extension, Mercurial Queues (or "
+"simply <quote>MQ</quote>), that massively simplifies the patch management "
+"problem."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:65
+msgid "The prehistory of Mercurial Queues"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:67
+msgid ""
+"During the late 1990s, several Linux kernel developers started to maintain "
+"<quote>patch series</quote> that modified the behaviour of the Linux kernel.  "
+"Some of these series were focused on stability, some on feature coverage, and "
+"others were more speculative."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:73
+msgid ""
+"The sizes of these patch series grew rapidly.  In 2002, Andrew Morton "
+"published some shell scripts he had been using to automate the task of "
+"managing his patch queues.  Andrew was successfully using these scripts to "
+"manage hundreds (sometimes thousands) of patches on top of the Linux kernel."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:80
+msgid "A patchwork quilt"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:82
+msgid ""
+"In early 2003, Andreas Gruenbacher and Martin Quinson borrowed the approach "
+"of Andrew's scripts and published a tool called <quote>patchwork quilt</"
+"quote> <citation>web:quilt</citation>, or simply <quote>quilt</quote> (see "
+"<citation>gruenbacher:2005</citation> for a paper describing it).  Because "
+"quilt substantially automated patch management, it rapidly gained a large "
+"following among open source software developers."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:91
+msgid ""
+"Quilt manages a <emphasis>stack of patches</emphasis> on top of a directory "
+"tree. To begin, you tell quilt to manage a directory tree, and tell it which "
+"files you want to manage; it stores away the names and contents of those "
+"files.  To fix a bug, you create a new patch (using a single command), edit "
+"the files you need to fix, then <quote>refresh</quote> the patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:99
+msgid ""
+"The refresh step causes quilt to scan the directory tree; it updates the "
+"patch with all of the changes you have made.  You can create another patch on "
+"top of the first, which will track the changes required to modify the tree "
+"from <quote>tree with one patch applied</quote> to <quote>tree with two "
+"patches applied</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:106
+msgid ""
+"You can <emphasis>change</emphasis> which patches are applied to the tree.  "
+"If you <quote>pop</quote> a patch, the changes made by that patch will vanish "
+"from the directory tree.  Quilt remembers which patches you have popped, "
+"though, so you can <quote>push</quote> a popped patch again, and the "
+"directory tree will be restored to contain the modifications in the patch.  "
+"Most importantly, you can run the <quote>refresh</quote> command at any time, "
+"and the topmost applied patch will be updated.  This means that you can, at "
+"any time, change both which patches are applied and what modifications those "
+"patches make."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:118
+msgid ""
+"Quilt knows nothing about revision control tools, so it works equally well on "
+"top of an unpacked tarball or a Subversion working copy."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:124
+msgid "From patchwork quilt to Mercurial Queues"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:126
+msgid ""
+"In mid-2005, Chris Mason took the features of quilt and wrote an extension "
+"that he called Mercurial Queues, which added quilt-like behaviour to "
+"Mercurial."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:130
+msgid ""
+"The key difference between quilt and MQ is that quilt knows nothing about "
+"revision control systems, while MQ is <emphasis>integrated</emphasis> into "
+"Mercurial.  Each patch that you push is represented as a Mercurial "
+"changeset.  Pop a patch, and the changeset goes away."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:136
+msgid ""
+"Because quilt does not care about revision control tools, it is still a "
+"tremendously useful piece of software to know about for situations where you "
+"cannot use Mercurial and MQ."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:144
+msgid "The huge advantage of MQ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:146
+msgid ""
+"I cannot overstate the value that MQ offers through the unification of "
+"patches and revision control."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:149
+msgid ""
+"A major reason that patches have persisted in the free software and open "
+"source world&emdash;in spite of the availability of increasingly capable "
+"revision control tools over the years&emdash;is the <emphasis>agility</"
+"emphasis> they offer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:155
+msgid ""
+"Traditional revision control tools make a permanent, irreversible record of "
+"everything that you do.  While this has great value, it's also somewhat "
+"stifling.  If you want to perform a wild-eyed experiment, you have to be "
+"careful in how you go about it, or you risk leaving unneeded&emdash;or worse, "
+"misleading or destabilising&emdash;traces of your missteps and errors in the "
+"permanent revision record."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:163
+msgid ""
+"By contrast, MQ's marriage of distributed revision control with patches makes "
+"it much easier to isolate your work.  Your patches live on top of normal "
+"revision history, and you can make them disappear or reappear at will.  If "
+"you don't like a patch, you can drop it.  If a patch isn't quite as you want "
+"it to be, simply fix it&emdash;as many times as you need to, until you have "
+"refined it into the form you desire."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:171
+msgid ""
+"As an example, the integration of patches with revision control makes "
+"understanding patches and debugging their effects&emdash;and their interplay "
+"with the code they're based on&emdash;<emphasis>enormously</emphasis> easier. "
+"Since every applied patch has an associated changeset, you can give <command "
+"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> a file name to see which changesets and "
+"patches affected the file.  You can use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"bisect</command> command to binary-search through all changesets and applied "
+"patches to see where a bug got introduced or fixed.  You can use the <command "
+"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg annotate</command> command to see which changeset or patch "
+"modified a particular line of a source file.  And so on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:187
+msgid "Understanding patches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:189
+msgid ""
+"Because MQ doesn't hide its patch-oriented nature, it is helpful to "
+"understand what patches are, and a little about the tools that work with them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:193
+msgid ""
+"The traditional Unix <command>diff</command> command compares two files, and "
+"prints a list of differences between them. The <command>patch</command> "
+"command understands these differences as <emphasis>modifications</emphasis> "
+"to make to a file.  Take a look below for a simple example of these commands "
+"in action."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:202
+msgid ""
+"The type of file that <command>diff</command> generates (and <command>patch</"
+"command> takes as input) is called a <quote>patch</quote> or a <quote>diff</"
+"quote>; there is no difference between a patch and a diff.  (We'll use the "
+"term <quote>patch</quote>, since it's more commonly used.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:208
+msgid ""
+"A patch file can start with arbitrary text; the <command>patch</command> "
+"command ignores this text, but MQ uses it as the commit message when creating "
+"changesets.  To find the beginning of the patch content, <command>patch</"
+"command> searches for the first line that starts with the string "
+"<quote><literal>diff -</literal></quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:215
+msgid ""
+"MQ works with <emphasis>unified</emphasis> diffs (<command>patch</command> "
+"can accept several other diff formats, but MQ doesn't).  A unified diff "
+"contains two kinds of header.  The <emphasis>file header</emphasis> describes "
+"the file being modified; it contains the name of the file to modify.  When "
+"<command>patch</command> sees a new file header, it looks for a file with "
+"that name to start modifying."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:223
+msgid ""
+"After the file header comes a series of <emphasis>hunks</emphasis>.  Each "
+"hunk starts with a header; this identifies the range of line numbers within "
+"the file that the hunk should modify.  Following the header, a hunk starts "
+"and ends with a few (usually three) lines of text from the unmodified file; "
+"these are called the <emphasis>context</emphasis> for the hunk.  If there's "
+"only a small amount of context between successive hunks, <command>diff</"
+"command> doesn't print a new hunk header; it just runs the hunks together, "
+"with a few lines of context between modifications."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:235
+msgid ""
+"Each line of context begins with a space character.  Within the hunk, a line "
+"that begins with <quote><literal>-</literal></quote> means <quote>remove this "
+"line,</quote> while a line that begins with <quote><literal>+</literal></"
+"quote> means <quote>insert this line.</quote> For example, a line that is "
+"modified is represented by one deletion and one insertion."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:243
+msgid ""
+"We will return to some of the more subtle aspects of patches later (in "
+"section <xref linkend=\"sec.mq.adv-patch\"/>), but you should have enough "
+"information now to use MQ."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:250
+msgid "Getting started with Mercurial Queues"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:252
+msgid ""
+"Because MQ is implemented as an extension, you must explicitly enable before "
+"you can use it.  (You don't need to download anything; MQ ships with the "
+"standard Mercurial distribution.)  To enable MQ, edit your <filename role="
+"\"home\">~/.hgrc</filename> file, and add the lines below."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:261
+msgid ""
+"Once the extension is enabled, it will make a number of new commands "
+"available.  To verify that the extension is working, you can use <command "
+"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg help</command> to see if the <command role=\"hg-ext-mq"
+"\">qinit</command> command is now available."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:269
+msgid ""
+"You can use MQ with <emphasis>any</emphasis> Mercurial repository, and its "
+"commands only operate within that repository.  To get started, simply prepare "
+"the repository using the <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qinit</command> command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:276
+msgid ""
+"This command creates an empty directory called <filename role=\"special\" "
+"class=\"directory\">.hg/patches</filename>, where MQ will keep its metadata.  "
+"As with many Mercurial commands, the <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qinit</"
+"command> command prints nothing if it succeeds."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:283
+msgid "Creating a new patch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:285
+msgid ""
+"To begin work on a new patch, use the <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnew</"
+"command> command.  This command takes one argument, the name of the patch to "
+"create."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:289
+msgid ""
+"MQ will use this as the name of an actual file in the <filename role=\"special"
+"\" class=\"directory\">.hg/patches</filename> directory, as you can see below."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:296
+msgid ""
+"Also newly present in the <filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/"
+"patches</filename> directory are two other files, <filename role=\"special"
+"\">series</filename> and <filename role=\"special\">status</filename>.  The "
+"<filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file lists all of the patches "
+"that MQ knows about for this repository, with one patch per line.  Mercurial "
+"uses the <filename role=\"special\">status</filename> file for internal book-"
+"keeping; it tracks all of the patches that MQ has <emphasis>applied</"
+"emphasis> in this repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:308
+msgid ""
+"You may sometimes want to edit the <filename role=\"special\">series</"
+"filename> file by hand; for example, to change the sequence in which some "
+"patches are applied.  However, manually editing the <filename role=\"special"
+"\">status</filename> file is almost always a bad idea, as it's easy to "
+"corrupt MQ's idea of what is happening."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:317
+msgid ""
+"Once you have created your new patch, you can edit files in the working "
+"directory as you usually would.  All of the normal Mercurial commands, such "
+"as <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"annotate</command>, work exactly as they did before."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:325
+msgid "Refreshing a patch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:327
+msgid ""
+"When you reach a point where you want to save your work, use the <command "
+"role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command> command to update the patch you are "
+"working on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:333
+msgid ""
+"This command folds the changes you have made in the working directory into "
+"your patch, and updates its corresponding changeset to contain those changes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:337
+msgid ""
+"You can run <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command> as often as you "
+"like, so it's a good way to <quote>checkpoint</quote> your work.  Refresh "
+"your patch at an opportune time; try an experiment; and if the experiment "
+"doesn't work out, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg revert</command> your "
+"modifications back to the last time you refreshed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:348
+msgid "Stacking and tracking patches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:350
+msgid ""
+"Once you have finished working on a patch, or need to work on another, you "
+"can use the <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnew</command> command again to "
+"create a new patch. Mercurial will apply this patch on top of your existing "
+"patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:357
+msgid ""
+"Notice that the patch contains the changes in our prior patch as part of its "
+"context (you can see this more clearly in the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd"
+"\">hg annotate</command>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:362
+msgid ""
+"So far, with the exception of <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnew</command> and "
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command>, we've been careful to only "
+"use regular Mercurial commands.  However, MQ provides many commands that are "
+"easier to use when you are thinking about patches, as illustrated below."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:372
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qseries</command> command lists every patch "
+"that MQ knows about in this repository, from oldest to newest (most recently "
+"<emphasis>created</emphasis>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:378
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qapplied</command> command lists every patch "
+"that MQ has <emphasis>applied</emphasis> in this repository, again from "
+"oldest to newest (most recently applied)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:387
+msgid "Manipulating the patch stack"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:389
+msgid ""
+"The previous discussion implied that there must be a difference between "
+"<quote>known</quote> and <quote>applied</quote> patches, and there is.  MQ "
+"can manage a patch without it being applied in the repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:394
+msgid ""
+"An <emphasis>applied</emphasis> patch has a corresponding changeset in the "
+"repository, and the effects of the patch and changeset are visible in the "
+"working directory.  You can undo the application of a patch using the "
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command> command.  MQ still <emphasis>knows "
+"about</emphasis>, or manages, a popped patch, but the patch no longer has a "
+"corresponding changeset in the repository, and the working directory does not "
+"contain the changes made by the patch.  Figure <xref linkend=\"fig.mq.stack\"/"
+"> illustrates the difference between applied and tracked patches."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:407
+msgid "<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"images/mq-stack.png\"/></imageobject>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><informalfigure><mediaobject><caption><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:409
+msgid "Applied and unapplied patches in the MQ patch stack"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:414
+msgid ""
+"You can reapply an unapplied, or popped, patch using the <command role=\"hg-"
+"ext-mq\">qpush</command> command.  This creates a new changeset to correspond "
+"to the patch, and the patch's changes once again become present in the "
+"working directory.  See below for examples of <command role=\"hg-ext-mq"
+"\">qpop</command> and <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> in action."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:423
+msgid ""
+"Notice that once we have popped a patch or two patches, the output of "
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qseries</command> remains the same, while that of "
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qapplied</command> has changed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:431
+msgid "Pushing and popping many patches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:433
+msgid ""
+"While <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> and <command role=\"hg-ext-"
+"mq\">qpop</command> each operate on a single patch at a time by default, you "
+"can push and pop many patches in one go.  The <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-"
+"qpush-opt\">hg -a</option> option to <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</"
+"command> causes it to push all unapplied patches, while the <option role=\"hg-"
+"ext-mq-cmd-qpop-opt\">-a</option> option to <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</"
+"command> causes it to pop all applied patches.  (For some more ways to push "
+"and pop many patches, see section <xref linkend=\"sec.mq.perf\"/> below.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:450
+msgid "Safety checks, and overriding them"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:452
+msgid ""
+"Several MQ commands check the working directory before they do anything, and "
+"fail if they find any modifications.  They do this to ensure that you won't "
+"lose any changes that you have made, but not yet incorporated into a patch.  "
+"The example below illustrates this; the <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnew</"
+"command> command will not create a new patch if there are outstanding "
+"changes, caused in this case by the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command> "
+"of <filename>file3</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:464
+msgid ""
+"Commands that check the working directory all take an <quote>I know what I'm "
+"doing</quote> option, which is always named <option>-f</option>.  The exact "
+"meaning of <option>-f</option> depends on the command.  For example, <command "
+"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qnew <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qnew-opt\">hg -f</"
+"option></command> will incorporate any outstanding changes into the new patch "
+"it creates, but <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpop <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-"
+"qpop-opt\">hg -f</option></command> will revert modifications to any files "
+"affected by the patch that it is popping.  Be sure to read the documentation "
+"for a command's <option>-f</option> option before you use it!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:479
+msgid "Working on several patches at once"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:481
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command> command always refreshes "
+"the <emphasis>topmost</emphasis> applied patch.  This means that you can "
+"suspend work on one patch (by refreshing it), pop or push to make a different "
+"patch the top, and work on <emphasis>that</emphasis> patch for a while."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:488
+msgid ""
+"Here's an example that illustrates how you can use this ability. Let's say "
+"you're developing a new feature as two patches.  The first is a change to the "
+"core of your software, and the second&emdash;layered on top of the "
+"first&emdash;changes the user interface to use the code you just added to the "
+"core.  If you notice a bug in the core while you're working on the UI patch, "
+"it's easy to fix the core.  Simply <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</"
+"command> the UI patch to save your in-progress changes, and <command role="
+"\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command> down to the core patch.  Fix the core bug, "
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command> the core patch, and <command "
+"role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> back to the UI patch to continue where you "
+"left off."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:505
+msgid "More about patches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:507
+msgid ""
+"MQ uses the GNU <command>patch</command> command to apply patches, so it's "
+"helpful to know a few more detailed aspects of how <command>patch</command> "
+"works, and about patches themselves."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:513
+msgid "The strip count"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:515
+msgid ""
+"If you look at the file headers in a patch, you will notice that the "
+"pathnames usually have an extra component on the front that isn't present in "
+"the actual path name.  This is a holdover from the way that people used to "
+"generate patches (people still do this, but it's somewhat rare with modern "
+"revision control tools)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:522
+msgid ""
+"Alice would unpack a tarball, edit her files, then decide that she wanted to "
+"create a patch.  So she'd rename her working directory, unpack the tarball "
+"again (hence the need for the rename), and use the <option role=\"cmd-opt-diff"
+"\">-r</option> and <option role=\"cmd-opt-diff\">-N</option> options to "
+"<command>diff</command> to recursively generate a patch between the "
+"unmodified directory and the modified one.  The result would be that the name "
+"of the unmodified directory would be at the front of the left-hand path in "
+"every file header, and the name of the modified directory would be at the "
+"front of the right-hand path."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:535
+msgid ""
+"Since someone receiving a patch from the Alices of the net would be unlikely "
+"to have unmodified and modified directories with exactly the same names, the "
+"<command>patch</command> command has a <option role=\"cmd-opt-patch\">-p</"
+"option> option that indicates the number of leading path name components to "
+"strip when trying to apply a patch.  This number is called the "
+"<emphasis>strip count</emphasis>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:543
+msgid ""
+"An option of <quote><literal>-p1</literal></quote> means <quote>use a strip "
+"count of one</quote>.  If <command>patch</command> sees a file name "
+"<filename>foo/bar/baz</filename> in a file header, it will strip "
+"<filename>foo</filename> and try to patch a file named <filename>bar/baz</"
+"filename>.  (Strictly speaking, the strip count refers to the number of "
+"<emphasis>path separators</emphasis> (and the components that go with them ) "
+"to strip.  A strip count of one will turn <filename>foo/bar</filename> into "
+"<filename>bar</filename>, but <filename>/foo/bar</filename> (notice the extra "
+"leading slash) into <filename>foo/bar</filename>.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:556
+msgid ""
+"The <quote>standard</quote> strip count for patches is one; almost all "
+"patches contain one leading path name component that needs to be stripped. "
+"Mercurial's <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> command generates path "
+"names in this form, and the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg import</command> "
+"command and MQ expect patches to have a strip count of one."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:564
+msgid ""
+"If you receive a patch from someone that you want to add to your patch queue, "
+"and the patch needs a strip count other than one, you cannot just <command "
+"role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qimport</command> the patch, because <command role=\"hg-"
+"ext-mq\">qimport</command> does not yet have a <literal>-p</literal> option "
+"(see <ulink role=\"hg-bug\" url=\"http://www.selenic.com/mercurial/bts/"
+"issue311\">issue 311</ulink>).  Your best bet is to <command role=\"hg-ext-mq"
+"\">qnew</command> a patch of your own, then use <command>patch -pN</command> "
+"to apply their patch, followed by <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg addremove</"
+"command> to pick up any files added or removed by the patch, followed by "
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">hg qrefresh</command>. This complexity may become "
+"unnecessary; see <ulink role=\"hg-bug\" url=\"http://www.selenic.com/"
+"mercurial/bts/issue311\">issue 311</ulink> for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:583
+msgid "Strategies for applying a patch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:585
+msgid ""
+"When <command>patch</command> applies a hunk, it tries a handful of "
+"successively less accurate strategies to try to make the hunk apply. This "
+"falling-back technique often makes it possible to take a patch that was "
+"generated against an old version of a file, and apply it against a newer "
+"version of that file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:592
+msgid ""
+"First, <command>patch</command> tries an exact match, where the line numbers, "
+"the context, and the text to be modified must apply exactly.  If it cannot "
+"make an exact match, it tries to find an exact match for the context, without "
+"honouring the line numbering information.  If this succeeds, it prints a line "
+"of output saying that the hunk was applied, but at some <emphasis>offset</"
+"emphasis> from the original line number."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:601
+msgid ""
+"If a context-only match fails, <command>patch</command> removes the first and "
+"last lines of the context, and tries a <emphasis>reduced</emphasis> context-"
+"only match.  If the hunk with reduced context succeeds, it prints a message "
+"saying that it applied the hunk with a <emphasis>fuzz factor</emphasis> (the "
+"number after the fuzz factor indicates how many lines of context "
+"<command>patch</command> had to trim before the patch applied)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:610
+msgid ""
+"When neither of these techniques works, <command>patch</command> prints a "
+"message saying that the hunk in question was rejected.  It saves rejected "
+"hunks (also simply called <quote>rejects</quote>) to a file with the same "
+"name, and an added <filename role=\"special\">.rej</filename> extension.  It "
+"also saves an unmodified copy of the file with a <filename role=\"special\">."
+"orig</filename> extension; the copy of the file without any extensions will "
+"contain any changes made by hunks that <emphasis>did</emphasis> apply "
+"cleanly.  If you have a patch that modifies <filename>foo</filename> with six "
+"hunks, and one of them fails to apply, you will have: an unmodified "
+"<filename>foo.orig</filename>, a <filename>foo.rej</filename> containing one "
+"hunk, and <filename>foo</filename>, containing the changes made by the five "
+"successful hunks."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:628
+msgid "Some quirks of patch representation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:630
+msgid ""
+"There are a few useful things to know about how <command>patch</command> "
+"works with files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:633
+msgid ""
+"This should already be obvious, but <command>patch</command> cannot handle "
+"binary files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:637
+msgid ""
+"Neither does it care about the executable bit; it creates new files as "
+"readable, but not executable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:641
+msgid ""
+"<command>patch</command> treats the removal of a file as a diff between the "
+"file to be removed and the empty file.  So your idea of <quote>I deleted this "
+"file</quote> looks like <quote>every line of this file was deleted</quote> in "
+"a patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:647
+msgid ""
+"It treats the addition of a file as a diff between the empty file and the "
+"file to be added.  So in a patch, your idea of <quote>I added this file</"
+"quote> looks like <quote>every line of this file was added</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:653
+msgid ""
+"It treats a renamed file as the removal of the old name, and the addition of "
+"the new name.  This means that renamed files have a big footprint in "
+"patches.  (Note also that Mercurial does not currently try to infer when "
+"files have been renamed or copied in a patch.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:659
+msgid ""
+"<command>patch</command> cannot represent empty files, so you cannot use a "
+"patch to represent the notion <quote>I added this empty file to the tree</"
+"quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:666
+msgid "Beware the fuzz"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:668
+msgid ""
+"While applying a hunk at an offset, or with a fuzz factor, will often be "
+"completely successful, these inexact techniques naturally leave open the "
+"possibility of corrupting the patched file.  The most common cases typically "
+"involve applying a patch twice, or at an incorrect location in the file.  If "
+"<command>patch</command> or <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> ever "
+"mentions an offset or fuzz factor, you should make sure that the modified "
+"files are correct afterwards."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:678
+msgid ""
+"It's often a good idea to refresh a patch that has applied with an offset or "
+"fuzz factor; refreshing the patch generates new context information that will "
+"make it apply cleanly.  I say <quote>often,</quote> not <quote>always,</"
+"quote> because sometimes refreshing a patch will make it fail to apply "
+"against a different revision of the underlying files.  In some cases, such as "
+"when you're maintaining a patch that must sit on top of multiple versions of "
+"a source tree, it's acceptable to have a patch apply with some fuzz, provided "
+"you've verified the results of the patching process in such cases."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:691
+msgid "Handling rejection"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:693
+msgid ""
+"If <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> fails to apply a patch, it "
+"will print an error message and exit.  If it has left <filename role=\"special"
+"\">.rej</filename> files behind, it is usually best to fix up the rejected "
+"hunks before you push more patches or do any further work."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:699
+msgid ""
+"If your patch <emphasis>used to</emphasis> apply cleanly, and no longer does "
+"because you've changed the underlying code that your patches are based on, "
+"Mercurial Queues can help; see section <xref linkend=\"sec.mq.merge\"/> for "
+"details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:705
+msgid ""
+"Unfortunately, there aren't any great techniques for dealing with rejected "
+"hunks.  Most often, you'll need to view the <filename role=\"special\">.rej</"
+"filename> file and edit the target file, applying the rejected hunks by hand."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:710
+msgid ""
+"If you're feeling adventurous, Neil Brown, a Linux kernel hacker, wrote a "
+"tool called <command>wiggle</command> <citation>web:wiggle</citation>, which "
+"is more vigorous than <command>patch</command> in its attempts to make a "
+"patch apply."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:716
+msgid ""
+"Another Linux kernel hacker, Chris Mason (the author of Mercurial Queues), "
+"wrote a similar tool called <command>mpatch</command> <citation>web:mpatch</"
+"citation>, which takes a simple approach to automating the application of "
+"hunks rejected by <command>patch</command>.  The <command>mpatch</command> "
+"command can help with four common reasons that a hunk may be rejected:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:725
+msgid "The context in the middle of a hunk has changed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:728
+msgid "A hunk is missing some context at the beginning or end."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:731
+msgid ""
+"A large hunk might apply better&emdash;either entirely or in part&emdash;if "
+"it was broken up into smaller hunks."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:735
+msgid ""
+"A hunk removes lines with slightly different content than those currently "
+"present in the file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:739
+msgid ""
+"If you use <command>wiggle</command> or <command>mpatch</command>, you should "
+"be doubly careful to check your results when you're done.  In fact, "
+"<command>mpatch</command> enforces this method of double-checking the tool's "
+"output, by automatically dropping you into a merge program when it has done "
+"its job, so that you can verify its work and finish off any remaining merges."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:751
+msgid "Getting the best performance out of MQ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:753
+msgid ""
+"MQ is very efficient at handling a large number of patches.  I ran some "
+"performance experiments in mid-2006 for a talk that I gave at the 2006 "
+"EuroPython conference <citation>web:europython</citation>.  I used as my data "
+"set the Linux 2.6.17-mm1 patch series, which consists of 1,738 patches.  I "
+"applied these on top of a Linux kernel repository containing all 27,472 "
+"revisions between Linux 2.6.12-rc2 and Linux 2.6.17."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:762
+msgid ""
+"On my old, slow laptop, I was able to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpush "
+"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpush-opt\">hg -a</option></command> all 1,738 "
+"patches in 3.5 minutes, and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpop <option role="
+"\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpop-opt\">hg -a</option></command> them all in 30 seconds.  "
+"(On a newer laptop, the time to push all patches dropped to two minutes.)  I "
+"could <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command> one of the biggest "
+"patches (which made 22,779 lines of changes to 287 files) in 6.6 seconds."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:773
+msgid ""
+"Clearly, MQ is well suited to working in large trees, but there are a few "
+"tricks you can use to get the best performance of it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:777
+msgid ""
+"First of all, try to <quote>batch</quote> operations together.  Every time "
+"you run <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> or <command role=\"hg-ext-"
+"mq\">qpop</command>, these commands scan the working directory once to make "
+"sure you haven't made some changes and then forgotten to run <command role="
+"\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command>.  On a small tree, the time that this scan "
+"takes is unnoticeable.  However, on a medium-sized tree (containing tens of "
+"thousands of files), it can take a second or more."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:788
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> and <command role=\"hg-ext-mq"
+"\">qpop</command> commands allow you to push and pop multiple patches at a "
+"time.  You can identify the <quote>destination patch</quote> that you want to "
+"end up at.  When you <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> with a "
+"destination specified, it will push patches until that patch is at the top of "
+"the applied stack.  When you <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command> to a "
+"destination, MQ will pop patches until the destination patch is at the top."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:798
+msgid ""
+"You can identify a destination patch using either the name of the patch, or "
+"by number.  If you use numeric addressing, patches are counted from zero; "
+"this means that the first patch is zero, the second is one, and so on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:805
+msgid "Updating your patches when the underlying code changes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:808
+msgid ""
+"It's common to have a stack of patches on top of an underlying repository "
+"that you don't modify directly.  If you're working on changes to third-party "
+"code, or on a feature that is taking longer to develop than the rate of "
+"change of the code beneath, you will often need to sync up with the "
+"underlying code, and fix up any hunks in your patches that no longer apply.  "
+"This is called <emphasis>rebasing</emphasis> your patch series."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:817
+msgid ""
+"The simplest way to do this is to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpop <option "
+"role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpop-opt\">hg -a</option></command> your patches, then "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> changes into the underlying "
+"repository, and finally <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpush <option role=\"hg-"
+"ext-mq-cmd-qpop-opt\">hg -a</option></command> your patches again.  MQ will "
+"stop pushing any time it runs across a patch that fails to apply during "
+"conflicts, allowing you to fix your conflicts, <command role=\"hg-ext-mq"
+"\">qrefresh</command> the affected patch, and continue pushing until you have "
+"fixed your entire stack."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:829
+msgid ""
+"This approach is easy to use and works well if you don't expect changes to "
+"the underlying code to affect how well your patches apply. If your patch "
+"stack touches code that is modified frequently or invasively in the "
+"underlying repository, however, fixing up rejected hunks by hand quickly "
+"becomes tiresome."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:836
+msgid ""
+"It's possible to partially automate the rebasing process.  If your patches "
+"apply cleanly against some revision of the underlying repo, MQ can use this "
+"information to help you to resolve conflicts between your patches and a "
+"different revision."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:842
+msgid "The process is a little involved."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:844
+msgid ""
+"To begin, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpush -a</command> all of your patches "
+"on top of the revision where you know that they apply cleanly."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:848
+msgid ""
+"Save a backup copy of your patch directory using <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"qsave <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qsave-opt\">hg -e</option> <option role="
+"\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qsave-opt\">hg -c</option></command>.  This prints the name "
+"of the directory that it has saved the patches in.  It will save the patches "
+"to a directory called <filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/"
+"patches.N</filename>, where <literal>N</literal> is a small integer.  It also "
+"commits a <quote>save changeset</quote> on top of your applied patches; this "
+"is for internal book-keeping, and records the states of the <filename role="
+"\"special\">series</filename> and <filename role=\"special\">status</"
+"filename> files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:862
+msgid ""
+"Use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> to bring new changes into the "
+"underlying repository.  (Don't run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull -u</"
+"command>; see below for why.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:867
+msgid ""
+"Update to the new tip revision, using <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update "
+"<option role=\"hg-opt-update\">-C</option></command> to override the patches "
+"you have pushed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:872
+msgid ""
+"Merge all patches using \\hgcmdargs{qpush}{<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpush-"
+"opt\">hg -m</option> <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpush-opt\">hg -a</"
+"option>}.  The <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpush-opt\">hg -m</option> option "
+"to <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> tells MQ to perform a three-"
+"way merge if the patch fails to apply."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:882
+msgid ""
+"During the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpush <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-"
+"qpush-opt\">hg -m</option></command>, each patch in the <filename role="
+"\"special\">series</filename> file is applied normally.  If a patch applies "
+"with fuzz or rejects, MQ looks at the queue you <command role=\"hg-ext-mq"
+"\">qsave</command>d, and performs a three-way merge with the corresponding "
+"changeset.  This merge uses Mercurial's normal merge machinery, so it may pop "
+"up a GUI merge tool to help you to resolve problems."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:892
+msgid ""
+"When you finish resolving the effects of a patch, MQ refreshes your patch "
+"based on the result of the merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:895
+msgid ""
+"At the end of this process, your repository will have one extra head from the "
+"old patch queue, and a copy of the old patch queue will be in <filename role="
+"\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/patches.N</filename>. You can remove the "
+"extra head using <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpop -a -n patches.N</command> "
+"or <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg strip</command>.  You can delete <filename "
+"role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/patches.N</filename> once you are "
+"sure that you no longer need it as a backup."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:907
+msgid "Identifying patches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:909
+msgid ""
+"MQ commands that work with patches let you refer to a patch either by using "
+"its name or by a number.  By name is obvious enough; pass the name "
+"<filename>foo.patch</filename> to <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</"
+"command>, for example, and it will push patches until <filename>foo.patch</"
+"filename> is applied."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:916
+msgid ""
+"As a shortcut, you can refer to a patch using both a name and a numeric "
+"offset; <literal>foo.patch-2</literal> means <quote>two patches before "
+"<literal>foo.patch</literal></quote>, while <literal>bar.patch+4</literal> "
+"means <quote>four patches after <literal>bar.patch</literal></quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:922
+msgid ""
+"Referring to a patch by index isn't much different.  The first patch printed "
+"in the output of <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qseries</command> is patch zero "
+"(yes, it's one of those start-at-zero counting systems); the second is patch "
+"one; and so on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:928
+msgid ""
+"MQ also makes it easy to work with patches when you are using normal "
+"Mercurial commands.  Every command that accepts a changeset ID will also "
+"accept the name of an applied patch.  MQ augments the tags normally in the "
+"repository with an eponymous one for each applied patch.  In addition, the "
+"special tags \\index{tags!special tag names!<literal>qbase</literal>}"
+"<literal>qbase</literal> and \\index{tags!special tag names!<literal>qtip</"
+"literal>}<literal>qtip</literal> identify the <quote>bottom-most</quote> and "
+"topmost applied patches, respectively."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:940
+msgid ""
+"These additions to Mercurial's normal tagging capabilities make dealing with "
+"patches even more of a breeze."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:943
+msgid "Want to patchbomb a mailing list with your latest series of changes?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:947
+msgid ""
+"(Don't know what <quote>patchbombing</quote> is? See section <xref linkend="
+"\"sec.hgext.patchbomb\"/>.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:950
+msgid ""
+"Need to see all of the patches since <literal>foo.patch</literal> that have "
+"touched files in a subdirectory of your tree?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting><emphasis>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:954
+msgid "subdir"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:959
+msgid ""
+"Because MQ makes the names of patches available to the rest of Mercurial "
+"through its normal internal tag machinery, you don't need to type in the "
+"entire name of a patch when you want to identify it by name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:964
+msgid ""
+"Another nice consequence of representing patch names as tags is that when you "
+"run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> command, it will display a "
+"patch's name as a tag, simply as part of its normal output.  This makes it "
+"easy to visually distinguish applied patches from underlying <quote>normal</"
+"quote> revisions.  The following example shows a few normal Mercurial "
+"commands in use with applied patches."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:977
+msgid "Useful things to know about"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:979
+msgid ""
+"There are a number of aspects of MQ usage that don't fit tidily into sections "
+"of their own, but that are good to know.  Here they are, in one place."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:984
+msgid ""
+"Normally, when you <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command> a patch and "
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> it again, the changeset that "
+"represents the patch after the pop/push will have a <emphasis>different "
+"identity</emphasis> than the changeset that represented the hash beforehand.  "
+"See section <xref linkend=\"sec.mqref.cmd.qpush\"/> for information as to why "
+"this is."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:993
+msgid ""
+"It's not a good idea to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</command> changes "
+"from another branch with a patch changeset, at least if you want to maintain "
+"the <quote>patchiness</quote> of that changeset and changesets below it on "
+"the patch stack.  If you try to do this, it will appear to succeed, but MQ "
+"will become confused."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1004
+msgid "Managing patches in a repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1006
+msgid ""
+"Because MQ's <filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/patches</"
+"filename> directory resides outside a Mercurial repository's working "
+"directory, the <quote>underlying</quote> Mercurial repository knows nothing "
+"about the management or presence of patches."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1012
+msgid ""
+"This presents the interesting possibility of managing the contents of the "
+"patch directory as a Mercurial repository in its own right.  This can be a "
+"useful way to work.  For example, you can work on a patch for a while, "
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command> it, then <command role=\"hg-cmd"
+"\">hg commit</command> the current state of the patch.  This lets you "
+"<quote>roll back</quote> to that version of the patch later on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1021
+msgid ""
+"You can then share different versions of the same patch stack among multiple "
+"underlying repositories.  I use this when I am developing a Linux kernel "
+"feature.  I have a pristine copy of my kernel sources for each of several CPU "
+"architectures, and a cloned repository under each that contains the patches I "
+"am working on.  When I want to test a change on a different architecture, I "
+"push my current patches to the patch repository associated with that kernel "
+"tree, pop and push all of my patches, and build and test that kernel."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1031
+msgid ""
+"Managing patches in a repository makes it possible for multiple developers to "
+"work on the same patch series without colliding with each other, all on top "
+"of an underlying source base that they may or may not control."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1037
+msgid "MQ support for patch repositories"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1039
+msgid ""
+"MQ helps you to work with the <filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">."
+"hg/patches</filename> directory as a repository; when you prepare a "
+"repository for working with patches using <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qinit</"
+"command>, you can pass the <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qinit-opt\">hg -c</"
+"option> option to create the <filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">."
+"hg/patches</filename> directory as a Mercurial repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1049
+msgid ""
+"If you forget to use the <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qinit-opt\">hg -c</"
+"option> option, you can simply go into the <filename role=\"special\" class="
+"\"directory\">.hg/patches</filename> directory at any time and run <command "
+"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg init</command>.  Don't forget to add an entry for the "
+"<filename role=\"special\">status</filename> file to the <filename role="
+"\"special\">.hgignore</filename> file, though"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1058
+msgid ""
+"(<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qinit <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qinit-opt"
+"\">hg -c</option></command> does this for you automatically); you "
+"<emphasis>really</emphasis> don't want to manage the <filename role=\"special"
+"\">status</filename> file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1065
+msgid ""
+"As a convenience, if MQ notices that the <filename class=\"directory\">.hg/"
+"patches</filename> directory is a repository, it will automatically <command "
+"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command> every patch that you create and import."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1070
+msgid ""
+"MQ provides a shortcut command, <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qcommit</"
+"command>, that runs <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> in the "
+"<filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/patches</filename> "
+"directory.  This saves some bothersome typing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1076
+msgid ""
+"Finally, as a convenience to manage the patch directory, you can define the "
+"alias <command>mq</command> on Unix systems. For example, on Linux systems "
+"using the <command>bash</command> shell, you can include the following "
+"snippet in your <filename role=\"home\">~/.bashrc</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1086
+msgid ""
+"You can then issue commands of the form <command>mq pull</command> from the "
+"main repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1091
+msgid "A few things to watch out for"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1093
+msgid ""
+"MQ's support for working with a repository full of patches is limited in a "
+"few small respects."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1096
+msgid ""
+"MQ cannot automatically detect changes that you make to the patch directory.  "
+"If you <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command>, manually edit, or <command "
+"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> changes to patches or the <filename role="
+"\"special\">series</filename> file, you will have to <command role=\"hg-cmd"
+"\">hg qpop <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpop-opt\">hg -a</option></command> "
+"and then <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpush <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpush-"
+"opt\">hg -a</option></command> in the underlying repository to see those "
+"changes show up there.  If you forget to do this, you can confuse MQ's idea "
+"of which patches are applied."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1112
+msgid "Third party tools for working with patches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1114
+msgid ""
+"Once you've been working with patches for a while, you'll find yourself "
+"hungry for tools that will help you to understand and manipulate the patches "
+"you're dealing with."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1118
+msgid ""
+"The <command>diffstat</command> command <citation>web:diffstat</citation> "
+"generates a histogram of the modifications made to each file in a patch.  It "
+"provides a good way to <quote>get a sense of</quote> a patch&emdash;which "
+"files it affects, and how much change it introduces to each file and as a "
+"whole.  (I find that it's a good idea to use <command>diffstat</command>'s "
+"<option role=\"cmd-opt-diffstat\">-p</option> option as a matter of course, "
+"as otherwise it will try to do clever things with prefixes of file names that "
+"inevitably confuse at least me.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1132
+msgid ""
+"The <literal role=\"package\">patchutils</literal> package <citation>web:"
+"patchutils</citation> is invaluable. It provides a set of small utilities "
+"that follow the <quote>Unix philosophy;</quote> each does one useful thing "
+"with a patch.  The <literal role=\"package\">patchutils</literal> command I "
+"use most is <command>filterdiff</command>, which extracts subsets from a "
+"patch file.  For example, given a patch that modifies hundreds of files "
+"across dozens of directories, a single invocation of <command>filterdiff</"
+"command> can generate a smaller patch that only touches files whose names "
+"match a particular glob pattern.  See section <xref linkend=\"mq-collab.tips."
+"interdiff\"/> for another example."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1148
+msgid "Good ways to work with patches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1150
+msgid ""
+"Whether you are working on a patch series to submit to a free software or "
+"open source project, or a series that you intend to treat as a sequence of "
+"regular changesets when you're done, you can use some simple techniques to "
+"keep your work well organised."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1156
+msgid ""
+"Give your patches descriptive names.  A good name for a patch might be "
+"<filename>rework-device-alloc.patch</filename>, because it will immediately "
+"give you a hint what the purpose of the patch is.  Long names shouldn't be a "
+"problem; you won't be typing the names often, but you <emphasis>will</"
+"emphasis> be running commands like <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qapplied</"
+"command> and <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qtop</command> over and over. Good "
+"naming becomes especially important when you have a number of patches to work "
+"with, or if you are juggling a number of different tasks and your patches "
+"only get a fraction of your attention."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1168
+msgid ""
+"Be aware of what patch you're working on.  Use the <command role=\"hg-ext-mq"
+"\">qtop</command> command and skim over the text of your patches "
+"frequently&emdash;for example, using <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tip <option "
+"role=\"hg-opt-tip\">-p</option></command>)&emdash;to be sure of where you "
+"stand.  I have several times worked on and <command role=\"hg-ext-mq"
+"\">qrefresh</command>ed a patch other than the one I intended, and it's often "
+"tricky to migrate changes into the right patch after making them in the wrong "
+"one."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1178
+msgid ""
+"For this reason, it is very much worth investing a little time to learn how "
+"to use some of the third-party tools I described in section <xref linkend="
+"\"sec.mq.tools\"/>, particularly <command>diffstat</command> and "
+"<command>filterdiff</command>.  The former will give you a quick idea of what "
+"changes your patch is making, while the latter makes it easy to splice hunks "
+"selectively out of one patch and into another."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1189
+msgid "MQ cookbook"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1192
+msgid "Manage <quote>trivial</quote> patches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1194
+msgid ""
+"Because the overhead of dropping files into a new Mercurial repository is so "
+"low, it makes a lot of sense to manage patches this way even if you simply "
+"want to make a few changes to a source tarball that you downloaded."
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1199
+msgid ""
+"Begin by downloading and unpacking the source tarball, and turning it into a "
+"Mercurial repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1204
+msgid "Continue by creating a patch stack and making your changes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1209
+msgid ""
+"Let's say a few weeks or months pass, and your package author releases a new "
+"version.  First, bring their changes into the repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1215
+msgid ""
+"The pipeline starting with <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg locate</command> above "
+"deletes all files in the working directory, so that <command role=\"hg-cmd"
+"\">hg commit</command>'s <option role=\"hg-opt-commit\">--addremove</option> "
+"option can actually tell which files have really been removed in the newer "
+"version of the source."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1223
+msgid "Finally, you can apply your patches on top of the new tree."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1230
+msgid "Combining entire patches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1232
+msgid ""
+"MQ provides a command, <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qfold</command> that lets "
+"you combine entire patches.  This <quote>folds</quote> the patches you name, "
+"in the order you name them, into the topmost applied patch, and concatenates "
+"their descriptions onto the end of its description.  The patches that you "
+"fold must be unapplied before you fold them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1240
+msgid ""
+"The order in which you fold patches matters.  If your topmost applied patch "
+"is <literal>foo</literal>, and you <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qfold</"
+"command> <literal>bar</literal> and <literal>quux</literal> into it, you will "
+"end up with a patch that has the same effect as if you applied first "
+"<literal>foo</literal>, then <literal>bar</literal>, followed by "
+"<literal>quux</literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1251
+msgid "Merging part of one patch into another"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1253
+msgid ""
+"Merging <emphasis>part</emphasis> of one patch into another is more difficult "
+"than combining entire patches."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1257
+msgid ""
+"If you want to move changes to entire files, you can use <command>filterdiff</"
+"command>'s <option role=\"cmd-opt-filterdiff\">-i</option> and <option role="
+"\"cmd-opt-filterdiff\">-x</option> options to choose the modifications to "
+"snip out of one patch, concatenating its output onto the end of the patch you "
+"want to merge into.  You usually won't need to modify the patch you've merged "
+"the changes from.  Instead, MQ will report some rejected hunks when you "
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> it (from the hunks you moved into "
+"the other patch), and you can simply <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</"
+"command> the patch to drop the duplicate hunks."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1270
+msgid ""
+"If you have a patch that has multiple hunks modifying a file, and you only "
+"want to move a few of those hunks, the job becomes more messy, but you can "
+"still partly automate it.  Use <command>lsdiff -nvv</command> to print some "
+"metadata about the patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1278
+msgid "This command prints three different kinds of number:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1281
+msgid ""
+"(in the first column) a <emphasis>file number</emphasis> to identify each "
+"file modified in the patch;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1285
+msgid ""
+"(on the next line, indented) the line number within a modified file where a "
+"hunk starts; and"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1288
+msgid ""
+"(on the same line) a <emphasis>hunk number</emphasis> to identify that hunk."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1292
+msgid ""
+"You'll have to use some visual inspection, and reading of the patch, to "
+"identify the file and hunk numbers you'll want, but you can then pass them to "
+"to <command>filterdiff</command>'s <option role=\"cmd-opt-filterdiff\">--"
+"files</option> and <option role=\"cmd-opt-filterdiff\">--hunks</option> "
+"options, to select exactly the file and hunk you want to extract."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1300
+msgid ""
+"Once you have this hunk, you can concatenate it onto the end of your "
+"destination patch and continue with the remainder of section <xref linkend="
+"\"sec.mq.combine\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1307
+msgid "Differences between quilt and MQ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1309
+msgid ""
+"If you are already familiar with quilt, MQ provides a similar command set.  "
+"There are a few differences in the way that it works."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch12-mq.xml:1313
+msgid ""
+"You will already have noticed that most quilt commands have MQ counterparts "
+"that simply begin with a <quote><literal>q</literal></quote>.  The exceptions "
+"are quilt's <literal>add</literal> and <literal>remove</literal> commands, "
+"the counterparts for which are the normal Mercurial <command role=\"hg-cmd"
+"\">hg add</command> and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg remove</command> "
+"commands.  There is no MQ equivalent of the quilt <literal>edit</literal> "
+"command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:5
+msgid "Advanced uses of Mercurial Queues"
+msgstr "MQ 的高级用法"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:7
+msgid ""
+"While it's easy to pick up straightforward uses of Mercurial Queues, use of a "
+"little discipline and some of MQ's less frequently used capabilities makes it "
+"possible to work in complicated development environments."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:12
+msgid ""
+"In this chapter, I will use as an example a technique I have used to manage "
+"the development of an Infiniband device driver for the Linux kernel.  The "
+"driver in question is large (at least as drivers go), with 25,000 lines of "
+"code spread across 35 source files.  It is maintained by a small team of "
+"developers."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:18
+msgid ""
+"While much of the material in this chapter is specific to Linux, the same "
+"principles apply to any code base for which you're not the primary owner, and "
+"upon which you need to do a lot of development."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:24
+msgid "The problem of many targets"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:26
+msgid ""
+"The Linux kernel changes rapidly, and has never been internally stable; "
+"developers frequently make drastic changes between releases. This means that "
+"a version of the driver that works well with a particular released version of "
+"the kernel will not even <emphasis>compile</emphasis> correctly against, "
+"typically, any other version."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:33
+msgid ""
+"To maintain a driver, we have to keep a number of distinct versions of Linux "
+"in mind."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:36
+msgid ""
+"One target is the main Linux kernel development tree. Maintenance of the code "
+"is in this case partly shared by other developers in the kernel community, "
+"who make <quote>drive-by</quote> modifications to the driver as they develop "
+"and refine kernel subsystems."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:42
+msgid ""
+"We also maintain a number of <quote>backports</quote> to older versions of "
+"the Linux kernel, to support the needs of customers who are running older "
+"Linux distributions that do not incorporate our drivers.  (To "
+"<emphasis>backport</emphasis> a piece of code is to modify it to work in an "
+"older version of its target environment than the version it was developed "
+"for.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:50
+msgid ""
+"Finally, we make software releases on a schedule that is necessarily not "
+"aligned with those used by Linux distributors and kernel developers, so that "
+"we can deliver new features to customers without forcing them to upgrade "
+"their entire kernels or distributions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:58
+msgid "Tempting approaches that don't work well"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:60
+msgid ""
+"There are two <quote>standard</quote> ways to maintain a piece of software "
+"that has to target many different environments."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:64
+msgid ""
+"The first is to maintain a number of branches, each intended for a single "
+"target.  The trouble with this approach is that you must maintain iron "
+"discipline in the flow of changes between repositories. A new feature or bug "
+"fix must start life in a <quote>pristine</quote> repository, then percolate "
+"out to every backport repository.  Backport changes are more limited in the "
+"branches they should propagate to; a backport change that is applied to a "
+"branch where it doesn't belong will probably stop the driver from compiling."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:74
+msgid ""
+"The second is to maintain a single source tree filled with conditional "
+"statements that turn chunks of code on or off depending on the intended "
+"target.  Because these <quote>ifdefs</quote> are not allowed in the Linux "
+"kernel tree, a manual or automatic process must be followed to strip them out "
+"and yield a clean tree.  A code base maintained in this fashion rapidly "
+"becomes a rat's nest of conditional blocks that are difficult to understand "
+"and maintain."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:83
+msgid ""
+"Neither of these approaches is well suited to a situation where you don't "
+"<quote>own</quote> the canonical copy of a source tree.  In the case of a "
+"Linux driver that is distributed with the standard kernel, Linus's tree "
+"contains the copy of the code that will be treated by the world as "
+"canonical.  The upstream version of <quote>my</quote> driver can be modified "
+"by people I don't know, without me even finding out about it until after the "
+"changes show up in Linus's tree."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:93
+msgid ""
+"These approaches have the added weakness of making it difficult to generate "
+"well-formed patches to submit upstream."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:97
+msgid ""
+"In principle, Mercurial Queues seems like a good candidate to manage a "
+"development scenario such as the above.  While this is indeed the case, MQ "
+"contains a few added features that make the job more pleasant."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:105
+msgid "Conditionally applying patches with guards"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:107
+msgid ""
+"Perhaps the best way to maintain sanity with so many targets is to be able to "
+"choose specific patches to apply for a given situation.  MQ provides a "
+"feature called <quote>guards</quote> (which originates with quilt's "
+"<literal>guards</literal> command) that does just this.  To start off, let's "
+"create a simple repository for experimenting in."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:116
+msgid ""
+"This gives us a tiny repository that contains two patches that don't have any "
+"dependencies on each other, because they touch different files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:120
+msgid ""
+"The idea behind conditional application is that you can <quote>tag</quote> a "
+"patch with a <emphasis>guard</emphasis>, which is simply a text string of "
+"your choosing, then tell MQ to select specific guards to use when applying "
+"patches.  MQ will then either apply, or skip over, a guarded patch, depending "
+"on the guards that you have selected."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:127
+msgid ""
+"A patch can have an arbitrary number of guards; each one is "
+"<emphasis>positive</emphasis> (<quote>apply this patch if this guard is "
+"selected</quote>) or <emphasis>negative</emphasis> (<quote>skip this patch if "
+"this guard is selected</quote>).  A patch with no guards is always applied."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:135
+msgid "Controlling the guards on a patch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:137
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qguard</command> command lets you determine "
+"which guards should apply to a patch, or display the guards that are already "
+"in effect. Without any arguments, it displays the guards on the current "
+"topmost patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:144
+msgid ""
+"To set a positive guard on a patch, prefix the name of the guard with a "
+"<quote><literal>+</literal></quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:149
+msgid ""
+"To set a negative guard on a patch, prefix the name of the guard with a "
+"<quote><literal>-</literal></quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><note><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:156
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qguard</command> command <emphasis>sets</"
+"emphasis> the guards on a patch; it doesn't <emphasis>modify</emphasis> "
+"them.  What this means is that if you run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qguard "
+"+a +b</command> on a patch, then <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qguard +c</"
+"command> on the same patch, the <emphasis>only</emphasis> guard that will be "
+"set on it afterwards is <literal>+c</literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:165
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial stores guards in the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> "
+"file; the form in which they are stored is easy both to understand and to "
+"edit by hand. (In other words, you don't have to use the <command role=\"hg-"
+"ext-mq\">qguard</command> command if you don't want to; it's okay to simply "
+"edit the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:177
+msgid "Selecting the guards to use"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:179
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qselect</command> command determines which "
+"guards are active at a given time.  The effect of this is to determine which "
+"patches MQ will apply the next time you run <command role=\"hg-ext-mq"
+"\">qpush</command>.  It has no other effect; in particular, it doesn't do "
+"anything to patches that are already applied."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:186
+msgid ""
+"With no arguments, the <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qselect</command> command "
+"lists the guards currently in effect, one per line of output.  Each argument "
+"is treated as the name of a guard to apply."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:193
+msgid ""
+"In case you're interested, the currently selected guards are stored in the "
+"<filename role=\"special\">guards</filename> file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:198
+msgid ""
+"We can see the effect the selected guards have when we run <command role=\"hg-"
+"ext-mq\">qpush</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:203
+msgid ""
+"A guard cannot start with a <quote><literal>+</literal></quote> or "
+"<quote><literal>-</literal></quote> character.  The name of a guard must not "
+"contain white space, but most other characters are acceptable.  If you try to "
+"use a guard with an invalid name, MQ will complain:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:212
+msgid "Changing the selected guards changes the patches that are applied."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:217
+msgid ""
+"You can see in the example below that negative guards take precedence over "
+"positive guards."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:224
+msgid "MQ's rules for applying patches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:226
+msgid ""
+"The rules that MQ uses when deciding whether to apply a patch are as follows."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:229
+msgid "A patch that has no guards is always applied."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:232
+msgid ""
+"If the patch has any negative guard that matches any currently selected "
+"guard, the patch is skipped."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:235
+msgid ""
+"If the patch has any positive guard that matches any currently selected "
+"guard, the patch is applied."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:238
+msgid ""
+"If the patch has positive or negative guards, but none matches any currently "
+"selected guard, the patch is skipped."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:245
+msgid "Trimming the work environment"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:247
+msgid ""
+"In working on the device driver I mentioned earlier, I don't apply the "
+"patches to a normal Linux kernel tree.  Instead, I use a repository that "
+"contains only a snapshot of the source files and headers that are relevant to "
+"Infiniband development.  This repository is 1% the size of a kernel "
+"repository, so it's easier to work with."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:254
+msgid ""
+"I then choose a <quote>base</quote> version on top of which the patches are "
+"applied.  This is a snapshot of the Linux kernel tree as of a revision of my "
+"choosing.  When I take the snapshot, I record the changeset ID from the "
+"kernel repository in the commit message.  Since the snapshot preserves the "
+"<quote>shape</quote> and content of the relevant parts of the kernel tree, I "
+"can apply my patches on top of either my tiny repository or a normal kernel "
+"tree."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:263
+msgid ""
+"Normally, the base tree atop which the patches apply should be a snapshot of "
+"a very recent upstream tree.  This best facilitates the development of "
+"patches that can easily be submitted upstream with few or no modifications."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:270
+msgid "Dividing up the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:273
+msgid ""
+"I categorise the patches in the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> "
+"file into a number of logical groups.  Each section of like patches begins "
+"with a block of comments that describes the purpose of the patches that "
+"follow."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:279
+msgid ""
+"The sequence of patch groups that I maintain follows.  The ordering of these "
+"groups is important; I'll describe why after I introduce the groups."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:283
+msgid ""
+"The <quote>accepted</quote> group.  Patches that the development team has "
+"submitted to the maintainer of the Infiniband subsystem, and which he has "
+"accepted, but which are not present in the snapshot that the tiny repository "
+"is based on.  These are <quote>read only</quote> patches, present only to "
+"transform the tree into a similar state as it is in the upstream maintainer's "
+"repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:291
+msgid ""
+"The <quote>rework</quote> group.  Patches that I have submitted, but that the "
+"upstream maintainer has requested modifications to before he will accept them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:296
+msgid ""
+"The <quote>pending</quote> group.  Patches that I have not yet submitted to "
+"the upstream maintainer, but which we have finished working on. These will be "
+"<quote>read only</quote> for a while.  If the upstream maintainer accepts "
+"them upon submission, I'll move them to the end of the <quote>accepted</"
+"quote> group.  If he requests that I modify any, I'll move them to the "
+"beginning of the <quote>rework</quote> group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:305
+msgid ""
+"The <quote>in progress</quote> group.  Patches that are actively being "
+"developed, and should not be submitted anywhere yet."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:309
+msgid ""
+"The <quote>backport</quote> group.  Patches that adapt the source tree to "
+"older versions of the kernel tree."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:313
+msgid ""
+"The <quote>do not ship</quote> group.  Patches that for some reason should "
+"never be submitted upstream.  For example, one such patch might change "
+"embedded driver identification strings to make it easier to distinguish, in "
+"the field, between an out-of-tree version of the driver and a version shipped "
+"by a distribution vendor."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:321
+msgid ""
+"Now to return to the reasons for ordering groups of patches in this way.  We "
+"would like the lowest patches in the stack to be as stable as possible, so "
+"that we will not need to rework higher patches due to changes in context.  "
+"Putting patches that will never be changed first in the <filename role="
+"\"special\">series</filename> file serves this purpose."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:329
+msgid ""
+"We would also like the patches that we know we'll need to modify to be "
+"applied on top of a source tree that resembles the upstream tree as closely "
+"as possible.  This is why we keep accepted patches around for a while."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:334
+msgid ""
+"The <quote>backport</quote> and <quote>do not ship</quote> patches float at "
+"the end of the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file.  The "
+"backport patches must be applied on top of all other patches, and the "
+"<quote>do not ship</quote> patches might as well stay out of harm's way."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:343
+msgid "Maintaining the patch series"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:345
+msgid ""
+"In my work, I use a number of guards to control which patches are to be "
+"applied."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:349
+msgid ""
+"<quote>Accepted</quote> patches are guarded with <literal>accepted</"
+"literal>.  I enable this guard most of the time.  When I'm applying the "
+"patches on top of a tree where the patches are already present, I can turn "
+"this patch off, and the patches that follow it will apply cleanly."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:356
+msgid ""
+"Patches that are <quote>finished</quote>, but not yet submitted, have no "
+"guards.  If I'm applying the patch stack to a copy of the upstream tree, I "
+"don't need to enable any guards in order to get a reasonably safe source tree."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:362
+msgid ""
+"Those patches that need reworking before being resubmitted are guarded with "
+"<literal>rework</literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:366
+msgid ""
+"For those patches that are still under development, I use <literal>devel</"
+"literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:369
+msgid ""
+"A backport patch may have several guards, one for each version of the kernel "
+"to which it applies.  For example, a patch that backports a piece of code to "
+"2.6.9 will have a <literal>2.6.9</literal> guard."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:374
+msgid ""
+"This variety of guards gives me considerable flexibility in determining what "
+"kind of source tree I want to end up with.  For most situations, the "
+"selection of appropriate guards is automated during the build process, but I "
+"can manually tune the guards to use for less common circumstances."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:381
+msgid "The art of writing backport patches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:383
+msgid ""
+"Using MQ, writing a backport patch is a simple process.  All such a patch has "
+"to do is modify a piece of code that uses a kernel feature not present in the "
+"older version of the kernel, so that the driver continues to work correctly "
+"under that older version."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:389
+msgid ""
+"A useful goal when writing a good backport patch is to make your code look as "
+"if it was written for the older version of the kernel you're targeting.  The "
+"less obtrusive the patch, the easier it will be to understand and maintain.  "
+"If you're writing a collection of backport patches to avoid the <quote>rat's "
+"nest</quote> effect of lots of <literal>#ifdef</literal>s (hunks of source "
+"code that are only used conditionally) in your code, don't introduce version-"
+"dependent <literal>#ifdef</literal>s into the patches.  Instead, write "
+"several patches, each of which makes unconditional changes, and control their "
+"application using guards."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:402
+msgid ""
+"There are two reasons to divide backport patches into a distinct group, away "
+"from the <quote>regular</quote> patches whose effects they modify. The first "
+"is that intermingling the two makes it more difficult to use a tool like the "
+"<literal role=\"hg-ext\">patchbomb</literal> extension to automate the "
+"process of submitting the patches to an upstream maintainer.  The second is "
+"that a backport patch could perturb the context in which a subsequent regular "
+"patch is applied, making it impossible to apply the regular patch cleanly "
+"<emphasis>without</emphasis> the earlier backport patch already being applied."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:417
+msgid "Useful tips for developing with MQ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:420
+msgid "Organising patches in directories"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:422
+msgid ""
+"If you're working on a substantial project with MQ, it's not difficult to "
+"accumulate a large number of patches.  For example, I have one patch "
+"repository that contains over 250 patches."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:427
+msgid ""
+"If you can group these patches into separate logical categories, you can if "
+"you like store them in different directories; MQ has no problems with patch "
+"names that contain path separators."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:434
+msgid "Viewing the history of a patch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:436
+msgid ""
+"If you're developing a set of patches over a long time, it's a good idea to "
+"maintain them in a repository, as discussed in section <xref linkend=\"sec.mq."
+"repo\"/>.  If you do so, you'll quickly discover that using the <command role="
+"\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> command to look at the history of changes to a "
+"patch is unworkable.  This is in part because you're looking at the second "
+"derivative of the real code (a diff of a diff), but also because MQ adds "
+"noise to the process by modifying time stamps and directory names when it "
+"updates a patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:448
+msgid ""
+"However, you can use the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">extdiff</literal> "
+"extension, which is bundled with Mercurial, to turn a diff of two versions of "
+"a patch into something readable.  To do this, you will need a third-party "
+"package called <literal role=\"package\">patchutils</literal> <citation>web:"
+"patchutils</citation>.  This provides a command named <command>interdiff</"
+"command>, which shows the differences between two diffs as a diff.  Used on "
+"two versions of the same diff, it generates a diff that represents the diff "
+"from the first to the second version."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:459
+msgid ""
+"You can enable the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">extdiff</literal> extension in "
+"the usual way, by adding a line to the <literal role=\"rc-extensions"
+"\">extensions</literal> section of your <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</"
+"filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. 	&example.hg-interdiff; 
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:465
+msgid ""
+"The <command>interdiff</command> command expects to be passed the names of "
+"two files, but the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">extdiff</literal> extension "
+"passes the program it runs a pair of directories, each of which can contain "
+"an arbitrary number of files.  We thus need a small program that will run "
+"<command>interdiff</command> on each pair of files in these two directories.  "
+"This program is available as <filename role=\"special\">hg-interdiff</"
+"filename> in the <filename class=\"directory\">examples</filename> directory "
+"of the source code repository that accompanies this book."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:477
+msgid ""
+"With the <filename role=\"special\">hg-interdiff</filename> program in your "
+"shell's search path, you can run it as follows, from inside an MQ patch "
+"directory:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:482
+msgid ""
+"Since you'll probably want to use this long-winded command a lot, you can get "
+"<literal role=\"hg-ext\">hgext</literal> to make it available as a normal "
+"Mercurial command, again by editing your <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</"
+"filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:489
+msgid ""
+"This directs <literal role=\"hg-ext\">hgext</literal> to make an "
+"<literal>interdiff</literal> command available, so you can now shorten the "
+"previous invocation of <command role=\"hg-ext-extdiff\">extdiff</command> to "
+"something a little more wieldy."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:498
+msgid ""
+"The <command>interdiff</command> command works well only if the underlying "
+"files against which versions of a patch are generated remain the same.  If "
+"you create a patch, modify the underlying files, and then regenerate the "
+"patch, <command>interdiff</command> may not produce useful output."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch13-mq-collab.xml:506
+msgid ""
+"The <literal role=\"hg-ext\">extdiff</literal> extension is useful for more "
+"than merely improving the presentation of MQ patches.  To read more about it, "
+"go to section <xref linkend=\"sec.hgext.extdiff\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:5
+msgid "Adding functionality with extensions"
+msgstr "使用扩展增加功能"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:7
+msgid ""
+"While the core of Mercurial is quite complete from a functionality "
+"standpoint, it's deliberately shorn of fancy features.  This approach of "
+"preserving simplicity keeps the software easy to deal with for both "
+"maintainers and users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:12
+msgid ""
+"However, Mercurial doesn't box you in with an inflexible command set: you can "
+"add features to it as <emphasis>extensions</emphasis> (sometimes known as "
+"<emphasis>plugins</emphasis>).  We've already discussed a few of these "
+"extensions in earlier chapters."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:18
+msgid ""
+"Section <xref linkend=\"sec.tour-merge.fetch\"/> covers the <literal role="
+"\"hg-ext\">fetch</literal> extension; this combines pulling new changes and "
+"merging them with local changes into a single command, <command role=\"hg-ext-"
+"fetch\">fetch</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:24
+msgid ""
+"In chapter <xref linkend=\"chap.hook\"/>, we covered several extensions that "
+"are useful for hook-related functionality: <literal role=\"hg-ext\">acl</"
+"literal> adds access control lists; <literal role=\"hg-ext\">bugzilla</"
+"literal> adds integration with the Bugzilla bug tracking system; and <literal "
+"role=\"hg-ext\">notify</literal> sends notification emails on new changes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:33
+msgid ""
+"The Mercurial Queues patch management extension is so invaluable that it "
+"merits two chapters and an appendix all to itself. Chapter <xref linkend="
+"\"chap.mq\"/> covers the basics; chapter <xref linkend=\"chap.mq-collab\"/> "
+"discusses advanced topics; and appendix <xref linkend=\"chap.mqref\"/> goes "
+"into detail on each command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:43
+msgid ""
+"In this chapter, we'll cover some of the other extensions that are available "
+"for Mercurial, and briefly touch on some of the machinery you'll need to know "
+"about if you want to write an extension of your own."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:48
+msgid ""
+"In section <xref linkend=\"sec.hgext.inotify\"/>, we'll discuss the "
+"possibility of <emphasis>huge</emphasis> performance improvements using the "
+"<literal role=\"hg-ext\">inotify</literal> extension."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:55
+msgid ""
+"Improve performance with the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">inotify</literal> "
+"extension"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:58
+msgid ""
+"Are you interested in having some of the most common Mercurial operations run "
+"as much as a hundred times faster? Read on!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:62
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial has great performance under normal circumstances.  For example, "
+"when you run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> command, "
+"Mercurial has to scan almost every directory and file in your repository so "
+"that it can display file status.  Many other Mercurial commands need to do "
+"the same work behind the scenes; for example, the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"diff</command> command uses the status machinery to avoid doing an expensive "
+"comparison operation on files that obviously haven't changed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:72
+msgid ""
+"Because obtaining file status is crucial to good performance, the authors of "
+"Mercurial have optimised this code to within an inch of its life.  However, "
+"there's no avoiding the fact that when you run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"status</command>, Mercurial is going to have to perform at least one "
+"expensive system call for each managed file to determine whether it's changed "
+"since the last time Mercurial checked.  For a sufficiently large repository, "
+"this can take a long time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:82
+msgid ""
+"To put a number on the magnitude of this effect, I created a repository "
+"containing 150,000 managed files.  I timed <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
+"status</command> as taking ten seconds to run, even when <emphasis>none</"
+"emphasis> of those files had been modified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:88
+msgid ""
+"Many modern operating systems contain a file notification facility. If a "
+"program signs up to an appropriate service, the operating system will notify "
+"it every time a file of interest is created, modified, or deleted.  On Linux "
+"systems, the kernel component that does this is called <literal>inotify</"
+"literal>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:95
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial's <literal role=\"hg-ext\">inotify</literal> extension talks to the "
+"kernel's <literal>inotify</literal> component to optimise <command role=\"hg-"
+"cmd\">hg status</command> commands.  The extension has two components.  A "
+"daemon sits in the background and receives notifications from the "
+"<literal>inotify</literal> subsystem.  It also listens for connections from a "
+"regular Mercurial command.  The extension modifies Mercurial's behaviour so "
+"that instead of scanning the filesystem, it queries the daemon.  Since the "
+"daemon has perfect information about the state of the repository, it can "
+"respond with a result instantaneously, avoiding the need to scan every "
+"directory and file in the repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:108
+msgid ""
+"Recall the ten seconds that I measured plain Mercurial as taking to run "
+"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> on a 150,000 file repository.  "
+"With the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">inotify</literal> extension enabled, the "
+"time dropped to 0.1 seconds, a factor of <emphasis>one hundred</emphasis> "
+"faster."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:115
+msgid "Before we continue, please pay attention to some caveats."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:118
+msgid ""
+"The <literal role=\"hg-ext\">inotify</literal> extension is Linux-specific.  "
+"Because it interfaces directly to the Linux kernel's <literal>inotify</"
+"literal> subsystem, it does not work on other operating systems."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:123
+msgid ""
+"It should work on any Linux distribution that was released after early 2005.  "
+"Older distributions are likely to have a kernel that lacks <literal>inotify</"
+"literal>, or a version of <literal>glibc</literal> that does not have the "
+"necessary interfacing support."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:130
+msgid ""
+"Not all filesystems are suitable for use with the <literal role=\"hg-ext"
+"\">inotify</literal> extension.  Network filesystems such as NFS are a non-"
+"starter, for example, particularly if you're running Mercurial on several "
+"systems, all mounting the same network filesystem.  The kernel's "
+"<literal>inotify</literal> system has no way of knowing about changes made on "
+"another system.  Most local filesystems (e.g. ext3, XFS, ReiserFS) should "
+"work fine."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:141
+msgid ""
+"The <literal role=\"hg-ext\">inotify</literal> extension is not yet shipped "
+"with Mercurial as of May 2007, so it's a little more involved to set up than "
+"other extensions.  But the performance improvement is worth it!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:146
+msgid ""
+"The extension currently comes in two parts: a set of patches to the Mercurial "
+"source code, and a library of Python bindings to the <literal>inotify</"
+"literal> subsystem."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><note><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:150
+msgid ""
+"There are <emphasis>two</emphasis> Python <literal>inotify</literal> binding "
+"libraries.  One of them is called <literal>pyinotify</literal>, and is "
+"packaged by some Linux distributions as <literal>python-inotify</literal>.  "
+"This is <emphasis>not</emphasis> the one you'll need, as it is too buggy and "
+"inefficient to be practical."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:157
+msgid ""
+"To get going, it's best to already have a functioning copy of Mercurial "
+"installed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><note><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:160
+msgid ""
+"If you follow the instructions below, you'll be <emphasis>replacing</"
+"emphasis> and overwriting any existing installation of Mercurial that you "
+"might already have, using the latest <quote>bleeding edge</quote> Mercurial "
+"code. Don't say you weren't warned!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:167
+msgid ""
+"Clone the Python <literal>inotify</literal> binding repository.  Build and "
+"install it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:175
+msgid ""
+"Clone the <filename class=\"directory\">crew</filename> Mercurial "
+"repository.  Clone the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">inotify</literal> patch "
+"repository so that Mercurial Queues will be able to apply patches to your "
+"cope of the <filename class=\"directory\">crew</filename> repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:188
+msgid ""
+"Make sure that you have the Mercurial Queues extension, <literal role=\"hg-ext"
+"\">mq</literal>, enabled.  If you've never used MQ, read section <xref "
+"linkend=\"sec.mq.start\"/> to get started quickly."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:194
+msgid ""
+"Go into the <filename class=\"directory\">inotify</filename> repo, and apply "
+"all of the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">inotify</literal> patches using the "
+"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpush-opt\">hg -a</option> option to the "
+"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:204
+msgid ""
+"If you get an error message from <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command>, "
+"you should not continue.  Instead, ask for help."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:208
+msgid "Build and install the patched version of Mercurial."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:216
+msgid ""
+"Once you've build a suitably patched version of Mercurial, all you need to do "
+"to enable the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">inotify</literal> extension is add an "
+"entry to your <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:221
+msgid ""
+"When the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">inotify</literal> extension is enabled, "
+"Mercurial will automatically and transparently start the status daemon the "
+"first time you run a command that needs status in a repository.  It runs one "
+"status daemon per repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:227
+msgid ""
+"The status daemon is started silently, and runs in the background.  If you "
+"look at a list of running processes after you've enabled the <literal role="
+"\"hg-ext\">inotify</literal> extension and run a few commands in different "
+"repositories, you'll thus see a few <literal>hg</literal> processes sitting "
+"around, waiting for updates from the kernel and queries from Mercurial."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:235
+msgid ""
+"The first time you run a Mercurial command in a repository when you have the "
+"<literal role=\"hg-ext\">inotify</literal> extension enabled, it will run "
+"with about the same performance as a normal Mercurial command.  This is "
+"because the status daemon needs to perform a normal status scan so that it "
+"has a baseline against which to apply later updates from the kernel.  "
+"However, <emphasis>every</emphasis> subsequent command that does any kind of "
+"status check should be noticeably faster on repositories of even fairly "
+"modest size.  Better yet, the bigger your repository is, the greater a "
+"performance advantage you'll see.  The <literal role=\"hg-ext\">inotify</"
+"literal> daemon makes status operations almost instantaneous on repositories "
+"of all sizes!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:249
+msgid ""
+"If you like, you can manually start a status daemon using the <command role="
+"\"hg-ext-inotify\">inserve</command> command.  This gives you slightly finer "
+"control over how the daemon ought to run.  This command will of course only "
+"be available when the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">inotify</literal> extension is "
+"enabled."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:256
+msgid ""
+"When you're using the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">inotify</literal> extension, "
+"you should notice <emphasis>no difference at all</emphasis> in Mercurial's "
+"behaviour, with the sole exception of status-related commands running a whole "
+"lot faster than they used to.  You should specifically expect that commands "
+"will not print different output; neither should they give different results. "
+"If either of these situations occurs, please report a bug."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:267
+msgid ""
+"Flexible diff support with the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">extdiff</literal> "
+"extension"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:270
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial's built-in <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> command "
+"outputs plaintext unified diffs."
+msgstr ""
+"Mercurial 内置命令 <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> 的输出与统一差异"
+"不同。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:275
+msgid ""
+"If you would like to use an external tool to display modifications, you'll "
+"want to use the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">extdiff</literal> extension.  This "
+"will let you use, for example, a graphical diff tool."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:280
+msgid ""
+"The <literal role=\"hg-ext\">extdiff</literal> extension is bundled with "
+"Mercurial, so it's easy to set up.  In the <literal role=\"rc-extensions"
+"\">extensions</literal> section of your <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</"
+"filename>, simply add a one-line entry to enable the extension."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:286
+msgid ""
+"This introduces a command named <command role=\"hg-ext-extdiff\">extdiff</"
+"command>, which by default uses your system's <command>diff</command> command "
+"to generate a unified diff in the same form as the built-in <command role="
+"\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:294
+msgid ""
+"The result won't be exactly the same as with the built-in <command role=\"hg-"
+"cmd\">hg diff</command> variations, because the output of <command>diff</"
+"command> varies from one system to another, even when passed the same options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:299
+msgid ""
+"As the <quote><literal>making snapshot</literal></quote> lines of output "
+"above imply, the <command role=\"hg-ext-extdiff\">extdiff</command> command "
+"works by creating two snapshots of your source tree.  The first snapshot is "
+"of the source revision; the second, of the target revision or working "
+"directory.  The <command role=\"hg-ext-extdiff\">extdiff</command> command "
+"generates these snapshots in a temporary directory, passes the name of each "
+"directory to an external diff viewer, then deletes the temporary directory.  "
+"For efficiency, it only snapshots the directories and files that have changed "
+"between the two revisions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:312
+msgid ""
+"Snapshot directory names have the same base name as your repository. If your "
+"repository path is <filename class=\"directory\">/quux/bar/foo</filename>, "
+"then <filename class=\"directory\">foo</filename> will be the name of each "
+"snapshot directory.  Each snapshot directory name has its changeset ID "
+"appended, if appropriate.  If a snapshot is of revision "
+"<literal>a631aca1083f</literal>, the directory will be named <filename class="
+"\"directory\">foo.a631aca1083f</filename>.  A snapshot of the working "
+"directory won't have a changeset ID appended, so it would just be <filename "
+"class=\"directory\">foo</filename> in this example.  To see what this looks "
+"like in practice, look again at the <command role=\"hg-ext-extdiff\">extdiff</"
+"command> example above.  Notice that the diff has the snapshot directory "
+"names embedded in its header."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:328
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-extdiff\">extdiff</command> command accepts two "
+"important options. The <option role=\"hg-ext-extdiff-cmd-extdiff-opt\">hg -p</"
+"option> option lets you choose a program to view differences with, instead of "
+"<command>diff</command>.  With the <option role=\"hg-ext-extdiff-cmd-extdiff-"
+"opt\">hg -o</option> option, you can change the options that <command role="
+"\"hg-ext-extdiff\">extdiff</command> passes to the program (by default, these "
+"options are <quote><literal>-Npru</literal></quote>, which only make sense if "
+"you're running <command>diff</command>).  In other respects, the <command "
+"role=\"hg-ext-extdiff\">extdiff</command> command acts similarly to the built-"
+"in <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> command: you use the same "
+"option names, syntax, and arguments to specify the revisions you want, the "
+"files you want, and so on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:345
+msgid ""
+"As an example, here's how to run the normal system <command>diff</command> "
+"command, getting it to generate context diffs (using the <option role=\"cmd-"
+"opt-diff\">-c</option> option)  instead of unified diffs, and five lines of "
+"context instead of the default three (passing <literal>5</literal> as the "
+"argument to the <option role=\"cmd-opt-diff\">-C</option> option)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:354
+msgid ""
+"Launching a visual diff tool is just as easy.  Here's how to launch the "
+"<command>kdiff3</command> viewer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:358
+msgid ""
+"If your diff viewing command can't deal with directories, you can easily work "
+"around this with a little scripting.  For an example of such scripting in "
+"action with the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">mq</literal> extension and the "
+"<command>interdiff</command> command, see section <xref linkend=\"mq-collab."
+"tips.interdiff\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:366
+msgid "Defining command aliases"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:368
+msgid ""
+"It can be cumbersome to remember the options to both the <command role=\"hg-"
+"ext-extdiff\">extdiff</command> command and the diff viewer you want to use, "
+"so the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">extdiff</literal> extension lets you define "
+"<emphasis>new</emphasis> commands that will invoke your diff viewer with "
+"exactly the right options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:375
+msgid ""
+"All you need to do is edit your <filename role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</"
+"filename>, and add a section named <literal role=\"rc-extdiff\">extdiff</"
+"literal>.  Inside this section, you can define multiple commands.  Here's how "
+"to add a <literal>kdiff3</literal> command.  Once you've defined this, you "
+"can type <quote><literal>hg kdiff3</literal></quote> and the <literal role="
+"\"hg-ext\">extdiff</literal> extension will run <command>kdiff3</command> for "
+"you."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:384
+msgid ""
+"If you leave the right hand side of the definition empty, as above, the "
+"<literal role=\"hg-ext\">extdiff</literal> extension uses the name of the "
+"command you defined as the name of the external program to run.  But these "
+"names don't have to be the same.  Here, we define a command named "
+"<quote><literal>hg wibble</literal></quote>, which runs <command>kdiff3</"
+"command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:393
+msgid ""
+"You can also specify the default options that you want to invoke your diff "
+"viewing program with.  The prefix to use is <quote><literal>opts.</literal></"
+"quote>, followed by the name of the command to which the options apply.  This "
+"example defines a <quote><literal>hg vimdiff</literal></quote> command that "
+"runs the <command>vim</command> editor's <literal>DirDiff</literal> extension."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:406
+msgid ""
+"Cherrypicking changes with the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">transplant</literal> "
+"extension"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:409
+msgid "Need to have a long chat with Brendan about this."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:413
+msgid ""
+"Send changes via email with the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">patchbomb</literal> "
+"extension"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:416
+msgid ""
+"Many projects have a culture of <quote>change review</quote>, in which people "
+"send their modifications to a mailing list for others to read and comment on "
+"before they commit the final version to a shared repository.  Some projects "
+"have people who act as gatekeepers; they apply changes from other people to a "
+"repository to which those others don't have access."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:424
+msgid ""
+"Mercurial makes it easy to send changes over email for review or application, "
+"via its <literal role=\"hg-ext\">patchbomb</literal> extension.  The "
+"extension is so named because changes are formatted as patches, and it's "
+"usual to send one changeset per email message.  Sending a long series of "
+"changes by email is thus much like <quote>bombing</quote> the recipient's "
+"inbox, hence <quote>patchbomb</quote>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:432
+msgid ""
+"As usual, the basic configuration of the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">patchbomb</"
+"literal> extension takes just one or two lines in your <filename role="
+"\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:437
+msgid ""
+"Once you've enabled the extension, you will have a new command available, "
+"named <command role=\"hg-ext-patchbomb\">email</command>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:441
+msgid ""
+"The safest and best way to invoke the <command role=\"hg-ext-patchbomb"
+"\">email</command> command is to <emphasis>always</emphasis> run it first "
+"with the <option role=\"hg-ext-patchbomb-cmd-email-opt\">hg -n</option> "
+"option.  This will show you what the command <emphasis>would</emphasis> send, "
+"without actually sending anything.  Once you've had a quick glance over the "
+"changes and verified that you are sending the right ones, you can rerun the "
+"same command, with the <option role=\"hg-ext-patchbomb-cmd-email-opt\">hg -n</"
+"option> option removed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:452
+msgid ""
+"The <command role=\"hg-ext-patchbomb\">email</command> command accepts the "
+"same kind of revision syntax as every other Mercurial command.  For example, "
+"this command will send every revision between 7 and <literal>tip</literal>, "
+"inclusive."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:457
+msgid ""
+"You can also specify a <emphasis>repository</emphasis> to compare with.  If "
+"you provide a repository but no revisions, the <command role=\"hg-ext-"
+"patchbomb\">email</command> command will send all revisions in the local "
+"repository that are not present in the remote repository.  If you "
+"additionally specify revisions or a branch name (the latter using the <option "
+"role=\"hg-ext-patchbomb-cmd-email-opt\">hg -b</option> option), this will "
+"constrain the revisions sent."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:466
+msgid ""
+"It's perfectly safe to run the <command role=\"hg-ext-patchbomb\">email</"
+"command> command without the names of the people you want to send to: if you "
+"do this, it will just prompt you for those values interactively.  (If you're "
+"using a Linux or Unix-like system, you should have enhanced "
+"<literal>readline</literal>-style editing capabilities when entering those "
+"headers, too, which is useful.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:474
+msgid ""
+"When you are sending just one revision, the <command role=\"hg-ext-patchbomb"
+"\">email</command> command will by default use the first line of the "
+"changeset description as the subject of the single email message it sends."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:479
+msgid ""
+"If you send multiple revisions, the <command role=\"hg-ext-patchbomb\">email</"
+"command> command will usually send one message per changeset.  It will "
+"preface the series with an introductory message, in which you should describe "
+"the purpose of the series of changes you're sending."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:486
+msgid "Changing the behaviour of patchbombs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:488
+msgid ""
+"Not every project has exactly the same conventions for sending changes in "
+"email; the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">patchbomb</literal> extension tries to "
+"accommodate a number of variations through command line options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:494
+msgid ""
+"You can write a subject for the introductory message on the command line "
+"using the <option role=\"hg-ext-patchbomb-cmd-email-opt\">hg -s</option> "
+"option.  This takes one argument, the text of the subject to use."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:500
+msgid ""
+"To change the email address from which the messages originate, use the "
+"<option role=\"hg-ext-patchbomb-cmd-email-opt\">hg -f</option> option.  This "
+"takes one argument, the email address to use."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:506
+msgid ""
+"The default behaviour is to send unified diffs (see section <xref linkend="
+"\"sec.mq.patch\"/> for a description of the format), one per message.  You "
+"can send a binary bundle instead with the <option role=\"hg-ext-patchbomb-cmd-"
+"email-opt\">hg -b</option> option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:514
+msgid ""
+"Unified diffs are normally prefaced with a metadata header.  You can omit "
+"this, and send unadorned diffs, with the <option role=\"hg-ext-patchbomb-cmd-"
+"email-opt\">hg --plain</option> option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:520
+msgid ""
+"Diffs are normally sent <quote>inline</quote>, in the same body part as the "
+"description of a patch.  This makes it easiest for the largest number of "
+"readers to quote and respond to parts of a diff, as some mail clients will "
+"only quote the first MIME body part in a message. If you'd prefer to send the "
+"description and the diff in separate body parts, use the <option role=\"hg-"
+"ext-patchbomb-cmd-email-opt\">hg -a</option> option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:530
+msgid ""
+"Instead of sending mail messages, you can write them to an <literal>mbox</"
+"literal>-format mail folder using the <option role=\"hg-ext-patchbomb-cmd-"
+"email-opt\">hg -m</option> option.  That option takes one argument, the name "
+"of the file to write to."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: ../en/ch14-hgext.xml:537
+msgid ""
+"If you would like to add a <command>diffstat</command>-format summary to each "
+"patch, and one to the introductory message, use the <option role=\"hg-ext-"
+"patchbomb-cmd-email-opt\">hg -d</option> option.  The <command>diffstat</"
+"command> command displays a table containing the name of each file patched, "
+"the number of lines affected, and a histogram showing how much each file is "
+"modified.  This gives readers a qualitative glance at how complex a patch is."
+msgstr ""