annotate eval.c @ 7351:1502ba3beb72 libavcodec

The codebook generator algorithm involves picking three different codebook centroids ("high utility", "low utility" and "closest to the low utility one"). This change avoid the corner case of choosing two times the same centroid.

/*
 * simple arithmetic expression evaluator
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2002-2006 Michael Niedermayer <[e-mail]>
 * Copyright (c) 2006 Oded Shimon <[e-mail]>
 *
 * This file is part of FFmpeg.
 *
 * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
 */

/**
 * @file eval.c
 * simple arithmetic expression evaluator.
 *
 * see http://joe.hotchkiss.com/programming/eval/eval.html
 */

#include "avcodec.h"
#include "eval.h"

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>

#ifndef NAN
  #define NAN 0.0/0.0
#endif

#ifndef M_PI
#define M_PI 3.14159265358979323846
#endif

typedef struct Parser{
    int stack_index;
    char *s;
    double *const_value;
    const char **const_name;          // NULL terminated
    double (**func1)(void *, double a); // NULL terminated
    const char **func1_name;          // NULL terminated
    double (**func2)(void *, double a, double b); // NULL terminated
    char **func2_name;          // NULL terminated
    void *opaque;
    const char **error;
#define VARS 10
    double var[VARS];
} Parser;

static const int8_t si_prefixes['z' - 'E' + 1]={
    ['y'-'E']= -24,
    ['z'-'E']= -21,
    ['a'-'E']= -18,
    ['f'-'E']= -15,
    ['p'-'E']= -12,
    ['n'-'E']= - 9,
    ['u'-'E']= - 6,
    ['m'-'E']= - 3,
    ['c'-'E']= - 2,
    ['d'-'E']= - 1,
    ['h'-'E']=   2,
    ['k'-'E']=   3,
    ['K'-'E']=   3,
    ['M'-'E']=   6,
    ['G'-'E']=   9,
    ['T'-'E']=  12,
    ['P'-'E']=  15,
    ['E'-'E']=  18,
    ['Z'-'E']=  21,
    ['Y'-'E']=  24,
};

/** strtod() function extended with 'k', 'M', 'G', 'ki', 'Mi', 'Gi' and 'B'
 * postfixes.  This allows using f.e. kB, MiB, G and B as a postfix. This
 * function assumes that the unit of numbers is bits not bytes.
 */
static double av_strtod(const char *name, char **tail) {
    double d;
    char *next;
    d = strtod(name, &next);
    /* if parsing succeeded, check for and interpret postfixes */
    if (next!=name) {

        if(*next >= 'E' && *next <= 'z'){
            int e= si_prefixes[*next - 'E'];
            if(e){
                if(next[1] == 'i'){
                    d*= pow( 2, e/0.3);
                    next+=2;
                }else{
                    d*= pow(10, e);
                    next++;
                }
            }
        }

        if(*next=='B') {
            d*=8;
            next++;
        }
    }
    /* if requested, fill in tail with the position after the last parsed
       character */
    if (tail)
        *tail = next;
    return d;
}

static int strmatch(const char *s, const char *prefix){
    int i;
    for(i=0; prefix[i]; i++){
        if(prefix[i] != s[i]) return 0;
    }
    return 1;
}

struct ff_expr_s {
    enum {
        e_value, e_const, e_func0, e_func1, e_func2,
        e_squish, e_gauss, e_ld,
        e_mod, e_max, e_min, e_eq, e_gt, e_gte,
        e_pow, e_mul, e_div, e_add,
        e_last, e_st, e_while,
    } type;
    double value; // is sign in other types
    union {
        int const_index;
        double (*func0)(double);
        double (*func1)(void *, double);
        double (*func2)(void *, double, double);
    } a;
    AVEvalExpr * param[2];
};

static double eval_expr(Parser * p, AVEvalExpr * e) {
    switch (e->type) {
        case e_value:  return e->value;
        case e_const:  return e->value * p->const_value[e->a.const_index];
        case e_func0:  return e->value * e->a.func0(eval_expr(p, e->param[0]));
        case e_func1:  return e->value * e->a.func1(p->opaque, eval_expr(p, e->param[0]));
        case e_func2:  return e->value * e->a.func2(p->opaque, eval_expr(p, e->param[0]), eval_expr(p, e->param[1]));
        case e_squish: return 1/(1+exp(4*eval_expr(p, e->param[0])));
        case e_gauss: { double d = eval_expr(p, e->param[0]); return exp(-d*d/2)/sqrt(2*M_PI); }
        case e_ld:     return e->value * p->var[av_clip(eval_expr(p, e->param[0]), 0, VARS-1)];
        case e_while: {
            double d = NAN;
            while(eval_expr(p, e->param[0]))
                d=eval_expr(p, e->param[1]);
            return d;
        }
        default: {
            double d = eval_expr(p, e->param[0]);
            double d2 = eval_expr(p, e->param[1]);
            switch (e->type) {
                case e_mod: return e->value * (d - floor(d/d2)*d2);
                case e_max: return e->value * (d >  d2 ?   d : d2);
                case e_min: return e->value * (d <  d2 ?   d : d2);
                case e_eq:  return e->value * (d == d2 ? 1.0 : 0.0);
                case e_gt:  return e->value * (d >  d2 ? 1.0 : 0.0);
                case e_gte: return e->value * (d >= d2 ? 1.0 : 0.0);
                case e_pow: return e->value * pow(d, d2);
                case e_mul: return e->value * (d * d2);
                case e_div: return e->value * (d / d2);
                case e_add: return e->value * (d + d2);
                case e_last:return e->value * d2;
                case e_st : return e->value * (p->var[av_clip(d, 0, VARS-1)]= d2);
            }
        }
    }
    return NAN;
}

static AVEvalExpr * parse_expr(Parser *p);

void ff_eval_free(AVEvalExpr * e) {
    if (!e) return;
    ff_eval_free(e->param[0]);
    ff_eval_free(e->param[1]);
    av_freep(&e);
}

static AVEvalExpr * parse_primary(Parser *p) {
    AVEvalExpr * d = av_mallocz(sizeof(AVEvalExpr));
    char *next= p->s;
    int i;

    /* number */
    d->value = av_strtod(p->s, &next);
    if(next != p->s){
        d->type = e_value;
        p->s= next;
        return d;
    }
    d->value = 1;

    /* named constants */
    for(i=0; p->const_name && p->const_name[i]; i++){
        if(strmatch(p->s, p->const_name[i])){
            p->s+= strlen(p->const_name[i]);
            d->type = e_const;
            d->a.const_index = i;
            return d;
        }
    }

    p->s= strchr(p->s, '(');
    if(p->s==NULL){
        *p->error = "undefined constant or missing (";
        p->s= next;
        ff_eval_free(d);
        return NULL;
    }
    p->s++; // "("
    if (*next == '(') { // special case do-nothing
        av_freep(&d);
        d = parse_expr(p);
        if(p->s[0] != ')'){
            *p->error = "missing )";
            ff_eval_free(d);
            return NULL;
        }
        p->s++; // ")"
        return d;
    }
    d->param[0] = parse_expr(p);
    if(p->s[0]== ','){
        p->s++; // ","
        d->param[1] = parse_expr(p);
    }
    if(p->s[0] != ')'){
        *p->error = "missing )";
        ff_eval_free(d);
        return NULL;
    }
    p->s++; // ")"

    d->type = e_func0;
         if( strmatch(next, "sinh"  ) ) d->a.func0 = sinh;
    else if( strmatch(next, "cosh"  ) ) d->a.func0 = cosh;
    else if( strmatch(next, "tanh"  ) ) d->a.func0 = tanh;
    else if( strmatch(next, "sin"   ) ) d->a.func0 = sin;
    else if( strmatch(next, "cos"   ) ) d->a.func0 = cos;
    else if( strmatch(next, "tan"   ) ) d->a.func0 = tan;
    else if( strmatch(next, "atan"  ) ) d->a.func0 = atan;
    else if( strmatch(next, "asin"  ) ) d->a.func0 = asin;
    else if( strmatch(next, "acos"  ) ) d->a.func0 = acos;
    else if( strmatch(next, "exp"   ) ) d->a.func0 = exp;
    else if( strmatch(next, "log"   ) ) d->a.func0 = log;
    else if( strmatch(next, "abs"   ) ) d->a.func0 = fabs;
    else if( strmatch(next, "squish") ) d->type = e_squish;
    else if( strmatch(next, "gauss" ) ) d->type = e_gauss;
    else if( strmatch(next, "mod"   ) ) d->type = e_mod;
    else if( strmatch(next, "max"   ) ) d->type = e_max;
    else if( strmatch(next, "min"   ) ) d->type = e_min;
    else if( strmatch(next, "eq"    ) ) d->type = e_eq;
    else if( strmatch(next, "gte"   ) ) d->type = e_gte;
    else if( strmatch(next, "gt"    ) ) d->type = e_gt;
    else if( strmatch(next, "lte"   ) ) { AVEvalExpr * tmp = d->param[1]; d->param[1] = d->param[0]; d->param[0] = tmp; d->type = e_gt; }
    else if( strmatch(next, "lt"    ) ) { AVEvalExpr * tmp = d->param[1]; d->param[1] = d->param[0]; d->param[0] = tmp; d->type = e_gte; }
    else if( strmatch(next, "ld"    ) ) d->type = e_ld;
    else if( strmatch(next, "st"    ) ) d->type = e_st;
    else if( strmatch(next, "while" ) ) d->type = e_while;
    else {
        for(i=0; p->func1_name && p->func1_name[i]; i++){
            if(strmatch(next, p->func1_name[i])){
                d->a.func1 = p->func1[i];
                d->type = e_func1;
                return d;
            }
        }

        for(i=0; p->func2_name && p->func2_name[i]; i++){
            if(strmatch(next, p->func2_name[i])){
                d->a.func2 = p->func2[i];
                d->type = e_func2;
                return d;
            }
        }

        *p->error = "unknown function";
        ff_eval_free(d);
        return NULL;
    }

    return d;
}

static AVEvalExpr * new_eval_expr(int type, int value, AVEvalExpr *p0, AVEvalExpr *p1){
    AVEvalExpr * e = av_mallocz(sizeof(AVEvalExpr));
    e->type     =type   ;
    e->value    =value  ;
    e->param[0] =p0     ;
    e->param[1] =p1     ;
    return e;
}

static AVEvalExpr * parse_pow(Parser *p, int *sign){
    *sign= (*p->s == '+') - (*p->s == '-');
    p->s += *sign&1;
    return parse_primary(p);
}

static AVEvalExpr * parse_factor(Parser *p){
    int sign, sign2;
    AVEvalExpr * e = parse_pow(p, &sign);
    while(p->s[0]=='^'){
        p->s++;
        e= new_eval_expr(e_pow, 1, e, parse_pow(p, &sign2));
        if (e->param[1]) e->param[1]->value *= (sign2|1);
    }
    if (e) e->value *= (sign|1);
    return e;
}

static AVEvalExpr * parse_term(Parser *p){
    AVEvalExpr * e = parse_factor(p);
    while(p->s[0]=='*' || p->s[0]=='/'){
        int c= *p->s++;
        e= new_eval_expr(c == '*' ? e_mul : e_div, 1, e, parse_factor(p));
    }
    return e;
}

static AVEvalExpr * parse_subexpr(Parser *p) {
    AVEvalExpr * e = parse_term(p);
    while(*p->s == '+' || *p->s == '-') {
        e= new_eval_expr(e_add, 1, e, parse_term(p));
    };

    return e;
}

static AVEvalExpr * parse_expr(Parser *p) {
    AVEvalExpr * e;

    if(p->stack_index <= 0) //protect against stack overflows
        return NULL;
    p->stack_index--;

    e = parse_subexpr(p);

    while(*p->s == ';') {
        p->s++;
        e= new_eval_expr(e_last, 1, e, parse_subexpr(p));
    };

    p->stack_index++;

    return e;
}

static int verify_expr(AVEvalExpr * e) {
    if (!e) return 0;
    switch (e->type) {
        case e_value:
        case e_const: return 1;
        case e_func0:
        case e_func1:
        case e_squish:
        case e_ld:
        case e_gauss: return verify_expr(e->param[0]);
        default: return verify_expr(e->param[0]) && verify_expr(e->param[1]);
    }
}

AVEvalExpr * ff_parse(const char *s, const char **const_name,
               double (**func1)(void *, double), const char **func1_name,
               double (**func2)(void *, double, double), char **func2_name,
               const char **error){
    Parser p;
    AVEvalExpr * e;
    char w[strlen(s) + 1], * wp = w;

    while (*s)
        if (!isspace(*s++)) *wp++ = s[-1];
    *wp++ = 0;

    p.stack_index=100;
    p.s= w;
    p.const_name = const_name;
    p.func1      = func1;
    p.func1_name = func1_name;
    p.func2      = func2;
    p.func2_name = func2_name;
    p.error= error;

    e = parse_expr(&p);
    if (!verify_expr(e)) {
        ff_eval_free(e);
        return NULL;
    }
    return e;
}

double ff_parse_eval(AVEvalExpr * e, double *const_value, void *opaque) {
    Parser p;

    p.const_value= const_value;
    p.opaque     = opaque;
    return eval_expr(&p, e);
}

double ff_eval2(const char *s, double *const_value, const char **const_name,
               double (**func1)(void *, double), const char **func1_name,
               double (**func2)(void *, double, double), char **func2_name,
               void *opaque, const char **error){
    AVEvalExpr * e = ff_parse(s, const_name, func1, func1_name, func2, func2_name, error);
    double d;
    if (!e) return NAN;
    d = ff_parse_eval(e, const_value, opaque);
    ff_eval_free(e);
    return d;
}

#if LIBAVCODEC_VERSION_INT < ((52<<16)+(0<<8)+0)
attribute_deprecated double ff_eval(char *s, double *const_value, const char **const_name,
               double (**func1)(void *, double), const char **func1_name,
               double (**func2)(void *, double, double), char **func2_name,
               void *opaque){
    const char *error=NULL;
    double ret;
    ret = ff_eval2(s, const_value, const_name, func1, func1_name, func2, func2_name, opaque, &error);
    if (error)
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Error evaluating \"%s\": %s\n", s, error);
    return ret;
}
#endif

#ifdef TEST
#undef printf
static double const_values[]={
    M_PI,
    M_E,
    0
};
static const char *const_names[]={
    "PI",
    "E",
    0
};
int main(void){
    int i;
    printf("%f == 12.7\n", ff_eval("1+(5-2)^(3-1)+1/2+sin(PI)-max(-2.2,-3.1)", const_values, const_names, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL));
    printf("%f == 0.931322575\n", ff_eval("80G/80Gi", const_values, const_names, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL));

    for(i=0; i<1050; i++){
        START_TIMER
            ff_eval("1+(5-2)^(3-1)+1/2+sin(PI)-max(-2.2,-3.1)", const_values, const_names, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
        STOP_TIMER("ff_eval")
    }
    return 0;
}
#endif