annotate alac.c @ 5542:b0a566346fb1 libavcodec

Add attribute that forces alignment of stack to functions that need it. Necessary for systems that don't align by default to 16 bytes, required by some SSE instructions. Requires GCC >= 4.2. Based on patch by Ga¸«³l Chardon.

/*
 * ALAC (Apple Lossless Audio Codec) decoder
 * Copyright (c) 2005 David Hammerton
 *
 * This file is part of FFmpeg.
 *
 * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
 */

/**
 * @file alac.c
 * ALAC (Apple Lossless Audio Codec) decoder
 * @author 2005 David Hammerton
 *
 * For more information on the ALAC format, visit:
 *  http://crazney.net/programs/itunes/alac.html
 *
 * Note: This decoder expects a 36- (0x24-)byte QuickTime atom to be
 * passed through the extradata[_size] fields. This atom is tacked onto
 * the end of an 'alac' stsd atom and has the following format:
 *  bytes 0-3   atom size (0x24), big-endian
 *  bytes 4-7   atom type ('alac', not the 'alac' tag from start of stsd)
 *  bytes 8-35  data bytes needed by decoder
 *
 * Extradata:
 * 32bit  size
 * 32bit  tag (=alac)
 * 32bit  zero?
 * 32bit  max sample per frame
 *  8bit  ?? (zero?)
 *  8bit  sample size
 *  8bit  history mult
 *  8bit  initial history
 *  8bit  kmodifier
 *  8bit  channels?
 * 16bit  ??
 * 32bit  max coded frame size
 * 32bit  bitrate?
 * 32bit  samplerate
 */


#include "avcodec.h"
#include "bitstream.h"
#include "bytestream.h"

#define ALAC_EXTRADATA_SIZE 36
#define MAX_CHANNELS 2

typedef struct {

    AVCodecContext *avctx;
    GetBitContext gb;
    /* init to 0; first frame decode should initialize from extradata and
     * set this to 1 */
    int context_initialized;

    int samplesize;
    int numchannels;
    int bytespersample;

    /* buffers */
    int32_t *predicterror_buffer[MAX_CHANNELS];

    int32_t *outputsamples_buffer[MAX_CHANNELS];

    /* stuff from setinfo */
    uint32_t setinfo_max_samples_per_frame; /* 0x1000 = 4096 */    /* max samples per frame? */
    uint8_t setinfo_7a; /* 0x00 */
    uint8_t setinfo_sample_size; /* 0x10 */
    uint8_t setinfo_rice_historymult; /* 0x28 */
    uint8_t setinfo_rice_initialhistory; /* 0x0a */
    uint8_t setinfo_rice_kmodifier; /* 0x0e */
    uint8_t setinfo_7f; /* 0x02 */
    uint16_t setinfo_80; /* 0x00ff */
    uint32_t setinfo_82; /* 0x000020e7 */ /* max sample size?? */
    uint32_t setinfo_86; /* 0x00069fe4 */ /* bit rate (average)?? */
    uint32_t setinfo_8a_rate; /* 0x0000ac44 */
    /* end setinfo stuff */

} ALACContext;

static void allocate_buffers(ALACContext *alac)
{
    int chan;
    for (chan = 0; chan < MAX_CHANNELS; chan++) {
        alac->predicterror_buffer[chan] =
            av_malloc(alac->setinfo_max_samples_per_frame * 4);

        alac->outputsamples_buffer[chan] =
            av_malloc(alac->setinfo_max_samples_per_frame * 4);
    }
}

static int alac_set_info(ALACContext *alac)
{
    unsigned char *ptr = alac->avctx->extradata;

    ptr += 4; /* size */
    ptr += 4; /* alac */
    ptr += 4; /* 0 ? */

    if(AV_RB32(ptr) >= UINT_MAX/4){
        av_log(alac->avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "setinfo_max_samples_per_frame too large\n");
        return -1;
    }

    /* buffer size / 2 ? */
    alac->setinfo_max_samples_per_frame = bytestream_get_be32(&ptr);
    alac->setinfo_7a                    = *ptr++;
    alac->setinfo_sample_size           = *ptr++;
    alac->setinfo_rice_historymult      = *ptr++;
    alac->setinfo_rice_initialhistory   = *ptr++;
    alac->setinfo_rice_kmodifier        = *ptr++;
    /* channels? */
    alac->setinfo_7f                    = *ptr++;
    alac->setinfo_80                    = bytestream_get_be16(&ptr);
    /* max coded frame size */
    alac->setinfo_82                    = bytestream_get_be32(&ptr);
    /* bitrate ? */
    alac->setinfo_86                    = bytestream_get_be32(&ptr);
    /* samplerate */
    alac->setinfo_8a_rate               = bytestream_get_be32(&ptr);

    allocate_buffers(alac);

    return 0;
}

static inline int count_leading_zeros(int32_t input)
{
    return 31-av_log2(input);
}

static void bastardized_rice_decompress(ALACContext *alac,
                                 int32_t *output_buffer,
                                 int output_size,
                                 int readsamplesize, /* arg_10 */
                                 int rice_initialhistory, /* arg424->b */
                                 int rice_kmodifier, /* arg424->d */
                                 int rice_historymult, /* arg424->c */
                                 int rice_kmodifier_mask /* arg424->e */
        )
{
    int output_count;
    unsigned int history = rice_initialhistory;
    int sign_modifier = 0;

    for (output_count = 0; output_count < output_size; output_count++) {
        int32_t x = 0;
        int32_t x_modified;
        int32_t final_val;

        /* read x - number of 1s before 0 represent the rice */
        while (x <= 8 && get_bits1(&alac->gb)) {
            x++;
        }


        if (x > 8) { /* RICE THRESHOLD */
            /* use alternative encoding */
            int32_t value;

            value = get_bits(&alac->gb, readsamplesize);

            /* mask value to readsamplesize size */
            if (readsamplesize != 32)
                value &= (0xffffffff >> (32 - readsamplesize));

            x = value;
        } else {
            /* standard rice encoding */
            int extrabits;
            int k; /* size of extra bits */

            /* read k, that is bits as is */
            k = 31 - rice_kmodifier - count_leading_zeros((history >> 9) + 3);

            if (k < 0)
                k += rice_kmodifier;
            else
                k = rice_kmodifier;

            if (k != 1) {
                extrabits = show_bits(&alac->gb, k);

                /* multiply x by 2^k - 1, as part of their strange algorithm */
                x = (x << k) - x;

                if (extrabits > 1) {
                    x += extrabits - 1;
                    skip_bits(&alac->gb, k);
                } else
                    skip_bits(&alac->gb, k - 1);
            }
        }

        x_modified = sign_modifier + x;
        final_val = (x_modified + 1) / 2;
        if (x_modified & 1) final_val *= -1;

        output_buffer[output_count] = final_val;

        sign_modifier = 0;

        /* now update the history */
        history += x_modified * rice_historymult
                   - ((history * rice_historymult) >> 9);

        if (x_modified > 0xffff)
            history = 0xffff;

        /* special case: there may be compressed blocks of 0 */
        if ((history < 128) && (output_count+1 < output_size)) {
            int block_size;

            sign_modifier = 1;

            x = 0;
            while (x <= 8 && get_bits1(&alac->gb)) {
                x++;
            }

            if (x > 8) {
                block_size = get_bits(&alac->gb, 16);
                block_size &= 0xffff;
            } else {
                int k;
                int extrabits;

                k = count_leading_zeros(history) + ((history + 16) >> 6 /* / 64 */) - 24;

                extrabits = show_bits(&alac->gb, k);

                block_size = (((1 << k) - 1) & rice_kmodifier_mask) * x
                           + extrabits - 1;

                if (extrabits < 2) {
                    x = 1 - extrabits;
                    block_size += x;
                    skip_bits(&alac->gb, k - 1);
                } else {
                    skip_bits(&alac->gb, k);
                }
            }

            if (block_size > 0) {
                memset(&output_buffer[output_count+1], 0, block_size * 4);
                output_count += block_size;
            }

            if (block_size > 0xffff)
                sign_modifier = 0;

            history = 0;
        }
    }
}

#define SIGN_EXTENDED32(val, bits) ((val << (32 - bits)) >> (32 - bits))

#define SIGN_ONLY(v) \
                     ((v < 0) ? (-1) : \
                                ((v > 0) ? (1) : \
                                           (0)))

static void predictor_decompress_fir_adapt(int32_t *error_buffer,
                                           int32_t *buffer_out,
                                           int output_size,
                                           int readsamplesize,
                                           int16_t *predictor_coef_table,
                                           int predictor_coef_num,
                                           int predictor_quantitization)
{
    int i;

    /* first sample always copies */
    *buffer_out = *error_buffer;

    if (!predictor_coef_num) {
        if (output_size <= 1)
            return;

        memcpy(buffer_out+1, error_buffer+1, (output_size-1) * 4);
        return;
    }

    if (predictor_coef_num == 0x1f) { /* 11111 - max value of predictor_coef_num */
      /* second-best case scenario for fir decompression,
       * error describes a small difference from the previous sample only
       */
        if (output_size <= 1)
            return;
        for (i = 0; i < output_size - 1; i++) {
            int32_t prev_value;
            int32_t error_value;

            prev_value = buffer_out[i];
            error_value = error_buffer[i+1];
            buffer_out[i+1] =
                SIGN_EXTENDED32((prev_value + error_value), readsamplesize);
        }
        return;
    }

    /* read warm-up samples */
    if (predictor_coef_num > 0)
        for (i = 0; i < predictor_coef_num; i++) {
            int32_t val;

            val = buffer_out[i] + error_buffer[i+1];
            val = SIGN_EXTENDED32(val, readsamplesize);
            buffer_out[i+1] = val;
        }

#if 0
    /* 4 and 8 are very common cases (the only ones i've seen). these
     * should be unrolled and optimised
     */
    if (predictor_coef_num == 4) {
        /* FIXME: optimised general case */
        return;
    }

    if (predictor_coef_table == 8) {
        /* FIXME: optimised general case */
        return;
    }
#endif

    /* general case */
    if (predictor_coef_num > 0) {
        for (i = predictor_coef_num + 1; i < output_size; i++) {
            int j;
            int sum = 0;
            int outval;
            int error_val = error_buffer[i];

            for (j = 0; j < predictor_coef_num; j++) {
                sum += (buffer_out[predictor_coef_num-j] - buffer_out[0]) *
                       predictor_coef_table[j];
            }

            outval = (1 << (predictor_quantitization-1)) + sum;
            outval = outval >> predictor_quantitization;
            outval = outval + buffer_out[0] + error_val;
            outval = SIGN_EXTENDED32(outval, readsamplesize);

            buffer_out[predictor_coef_num+1] = outval;

            if (error_val > 0) {
                int predictor_num = predictor_coef_num - 1;

                while (predictor_num >= 0 && error_val > 0) {
                    int val = buffer_out[0] - buffer_out[predictor_coef_num - predictor_num];
                    int sign = SIGN_ONLY(val);

                    predictor_coef_table[predictor_num] -= sign;

                    val *= sign; /* absolute value */

                    error_val -= ((val >> predictor_quantitization) *
                                  (predictor_coef_num - predictor_num));

                    predictor_num--;
                }
            } else if (error_val < 0) {
                int predictor_num = predictor_coef_num - 1;

                while (predictor_num >= 0 && error_val < 0) {
                    int val = buffer_out[0] - buffer_out[predictor_coef_num - predictor_num];
                    int sign = - SIGN_ONLY(val);

                    predictor_coef_table[predictor_num] -= sign;

                    val *= sign; /* neg value */

                    error_val -= ((val >> predictor_quantitization) *
                                  (predictor_coef_num - predictor_num));

                    predictor_num--;
                }
            }

            buffer_out++;
        }
    }
}

static void reconstruct_stereo_16(int32_t *buffer[MAX_CHANNELS],
                                  int16_t *buffer_out,
                                  int numchannels, int numsamples,
                                  uint8_t interlacing_shift,
                                  uint8_t interlacing_leftweight)
{
    int i;
    if (numsamples <= 0)
        return;

    /* weighted interlacing */
    if (interlacing_leftweight) {
        for (i = 0; i < numsamples; i++) {
            int32_t a, b;

            a = buffer[0][i];
            b = buffer[1][i];

            a -= (b * interlacing_leftweight) >> interlacing_shift;
            b += a;

            buffer_out[i*numchannels] = b;
            buffer_out[i*numchannels + 1] = a;
        }

        return;
    }

    /* otherwise basic interlacing took place */
    for (i = 0; i < numsamples; i++) {
        int16_t left, right;

        left = buffer[0][i];
        right = buffer[1][i];

        buffer_out[i*numchannels] = left;
        buffer_out[i*numchannels + 1] = right;
    }
}

static int alac_decode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx,
                             void *outbuffer, int *outputsize,
                             uint8_t *inbuffer, int input_buffer_size)
{
    ALACContext *alac = avctx->priv_data;

    int channels;
    int32_t outputsamples;
    int hassize;
    int readsamplesize;
    int wasted_bytes;
    int isnotcompressed;
    uint8_t interlacing_shift;
    uint8_t interlacing_leftweight;

    /* short-circuit null buffers */
    if (!inbuffer || !input_buffer_size)
        return input_buffer_size;

    /* initialize from the extradata */
    if (!alac->context_initialized) {
        if (alac->avctx->extradata_size != ALAC_EXTRADATA_SIZE) {
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "alac: expected %d extradata bytes\n",
                ALAC_EXTRADATA_SIZE);
            return input_buffer_size;
        }
        if (alac_set_info(alac)) {
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "alac: set_info failed\n");
            return input_buffer_size;
        }
        alac->context_initialized = 1;
    }

    init_get_bits(&alac->gb, inbuffer, input_buffer_size * 8);

    channels = get_bits(&alac->gb, 3) + 1;
    if (channels > MAX_CHANNELS) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "channels > %d not supported\n",
               MAX_CHANNELS);
        return input_buffer_size;
    }

    /* 2^result = something to do with output waiting.
     * perhaps matters if we read > 1 frame in a pass?
     */
    skip_bits(&alac->gb, 4);

    skip_bits(&alac->gb, 12); /* unknown, skip 12 bits */

    /* the output sample size is stored soon */
    hassize = get_bits1(&alac->gb);

    wasted_bytes = get_bits(&alac->gb, 2); /* unknown ? */

    /* whether the frame is compressed */
    isnotcompressed = get_bits1(&alac->gb);

    if (hassize) {
        /* now read the number of samples as a 32bit integer */
        outputsamples = get_bits(&alac->gb, 32);
    } else
        outputsamples = alac->setinfo_max_samples_per_frame;

    *outputsize = outputsamples * alac->bytespersample;
    readsamplesize = alac->setinfo_sample_size - (wasted_bytes * 8) + channels - 1;

    if (!isnotcompressed) {
        /* so it is compressed */
        int16_t predictor_coef_table[channels][32];
        int predictor_coef_num[channels];
        int prediction_type[channels];
        int prediction_quantitization[channels];
        int ricemodifier[channels];
        int i, chan;

        interlacing_shift = get_bits(&alac->gb, 8);
        interlacing_leftweight = get_bits(&alac->gb, 8);

        for (chan = 0; chan < channels; chan++) {
            prediction_type[chan] = get_bits(&alac->gb, 4);
            prediction_quantitization[chan] = get_bits(&alac->gb, 4);

            ricemodifier[chan] = get_bits(&alac->gb, 3);
            predictor_coef_num[chan] = get_bits(&alac->gb, 5);

            /* read the predictor table */
            for (i = 0; i < predictor_coef_num[chan]; i++)
                predictor_coef_table[chan][i] = (int16_t)get_bits(&alac->gb, 16);
        }

        if (wasted_bytes)
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "FIXME: unimplemented, unhandling of wasted_bytes\n");

        for (chan = 0; chan < channels; chan++) {
            bastardized_rice_decompress(alac,
                                        alac->predicterror_buffer[chan],
                                        outputsamples,
                                        readsamplesize,
                                        alac->setinfo_rice_initialhistory,
                                        alac->setinfo_rice_kmodifier,
                                        ricemodifier[chan] * alac->setinfo_rice_historymult / 4,
                                        (1 << alac->setinfo_rice_kmodifier) - 1);

            if (prediction_type[chan] == 0) {
                /* adaptive fir */
                predictor_decompress_fir_adapt(alac->predicterror_buffer[chan],
                                               alac->outputsamples_buffer[chan],
                                               outputsamples,
                                               readsamplesize,
                                               predictor_coef_table[chan],
                                               predictor_coef_num[chan],
                                               prediction_quantitization[chan]);
            } else {
                av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "FIXME: unhandled prediction type: %i\n", prediction_type[chan]);
                /* I think the only other prediction type (or perhaps this is
                 * just a boolean?) runs adaptive fir twice.. like:
                 * predictor_decompress_fir_adapt(predictor_error, tempout, ...)
                 * predictor_decompress_fir_adapt(predictor_error, outputsamples ...)
                 * little strange..
                 */
            }
        }
    } else {
        /* not compressed, easy case */
        if (alac->setinfo_sample_size <= 16) {
            int i, chan;
            for (chan = 0; chan < channels; chan++)
                for (i = 0; i < outputsamples; i++) {
                    int32_t audiobits;

                    audiobits = get_bits(&alac->gb, alac->setinfo_sample_size);
                    audiobits = SIGN_EXTENDED32(audiobits, readsamplesize);

                    alac->outputsamples_buffer[chan][i] = audiobits;
                }
        } else {
            int i, chan;
            for (chan = 0; chan < channels; chan++)
                for (i = 0; i < outputsamples; i++) {
                    int32_t audiobits;

                    audiobits = get_bits(&alac->gb, 16);
                    /* special case of sign extension..
                     * as we'll be ORing the low 16bits into this */
                    audiobits = audiobits << 16;
                    audiobits = audiobits >> (32 - alac->setinfo_sample_size);
                    audiobits |= get_bits(&alac->gb, alac->setinfo_sample_size - 16);

                    alac->outputsamples_buffer[chan][i] = audiobits;
                }
        }
        /* wasted_bytes = 0; */
        interlacing_shift = 0;
        interlacing_leftweight = 0;
    }

    switch(alac->setinfo_sample_size) {
    case 16:
        if (channels == 2) {
            reconstruct_stereo_16(alac->outputsamples_buffer,
                                  (int16_t*)outbuffer,
                                  alac->numchannels,
                                  outputsamples,
                                  interlacing_shift,
                                  interlacing_leftweight);
        } else {
            int i;
            for (i = 0; i < outputsamples; i++) {
                int16_t sample = alac->outputsamples_buffer[0][i];
                ((int16_t*)outbuffer)[i * alac->numchannels] = sample;
            }
        }
        break;
    case 20:
    case 24:
    case 32:
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "FIXME: unimplemented sample size %i\n", alac->setinfo_sample_size);
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }

    return input_buffer_size;
}

static int alac_decode_init(AVCodecContext * avctx)
{
    ALACContext *alac = avctx->priv_data;
    alac->avctx = avctx;
    alac->context_initialized = 0;

    alac->samplesize = alac->avctx->bits_per_sample;
    alac->numchannels = alac->avctx->channels;
    alac->bytespersample = (alac->samplesize / 8) * alac->numchannels;

    return 0;
}

static int alac_decode_close(AVCodecContext *avctx)
{
    ALACContext *alac = avctx->priv_data;

    int chan;
    for (chan = 0; chan < MAX_CHANNELS; chan++) {
        av_free(alac->predicterror_buffer[chan]);
        av_free(alac->outputsamples_buffer[chan]);
    }

    return 0;
}

AVCodec alac_decoder = {
    "alac",
    CODEC_TYPE_AUDIO,
    CODEC_ID_ALAC,
    sizeof(ALACContext),
    alac_decode_init,
    NULL,
    alac_decode_close,
    alac_decode_frame,
};