annotate elbg.c @ 7657:c44919224bcd libavcodec

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author michael
date Thu, 21 Aug 2008 23:51:25 +0000
parents 456957d86106
children 5b7d5a33a3e2
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1 /*
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2 * Copyright (C) 2007 Vitor Sessak <vitor1001@gmail.com>
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3 *
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4 * This file is part of FFmpeg.
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5 *
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6 * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
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7 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
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8 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
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9 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
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10 *
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11 * FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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12 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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13 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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14 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
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15 *
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16 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
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17 * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
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18 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
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19 */
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20
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21 /**
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22 * @file cbook_gen.c
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23 * Codebook Generator using the ELBG algorithm
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24 */
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25
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26 #include <string.h>
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27
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28 #include "libavutil/random.h"
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29 #include "elbg.h"
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30 #include "avcodec.h"
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31
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32 #define DELTA_ERR_MAX 0.1 ///< Precision of the ELBG algorithm (as percentual error)
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33
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34 /**
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35 * In the ELBG jargon, a cell is the set of points that are closest to a
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36 * codebook entry. Not to be confused with a RoQ Video cell. */
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37 typedef struct cell_s {
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38 int index;
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39 struct cell_s *next;
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40 } cell;
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41
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42 /**
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43 * ELBG internal data
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44 */
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45 typedef struct{
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46 int error;
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47 int dim;
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48 int numCB;
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49 int *codebook;
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50 cell **cells;
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51 int *utility;
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52 int *utility_inc;
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53 int *nearest_cb;
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54 int *points;
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55 AVRandomState *rand_state;
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56 } elbg_data;
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57
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58 static inline int distance_limited(int *a, int *b, int dim, int limit)
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59 {
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60 int i, dist=0;
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61 for (i=0; i<dim; i++) {
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62 dist += (a[i] - b[i])*(a[i] - b[i]);
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63 if (dist > limit)
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64 return INT_MAX;
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65 }
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66
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67 return dist;
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68 }
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69
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70 static inline void vect_division(int *res, int *vect, int div, int dim)
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71 {
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72 int i;
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73 if (div > 1)
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74 for (i=0; i<dim; i++)
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75 res[i] = ROUNDED_DIV(vect[i],div);
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76 else if (res != vect)
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77 memcpy(res, vect, dim*sizeof(int));
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78
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79 }
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80
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81 static int eval_error_cell(elbg_data *elbg, int *centroid, cell *cells)
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82 {
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83 int error=0;
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84 for (; cells; cells=cells->next)
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85 error += distance_limited(centroid, elbg->points + cells->index*elbg->dim, elbg->dim, INT_MAX);
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86
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87 return error;
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88 }
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89
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90 static int get_closest_codebook(elbg_data *elbg, int index)
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91 {
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92 int i, pick=0, diff, diff_min = INT_MAX;
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93 for (i=0; i<elbg->numCB; i++)
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94 if (i != index) {
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95 diff = distance_limited(elbg->codebook + i*elbg->dim, elbg->codebook + index*elbg->dim, elbg->dim, diff_min);
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96 if (diff < diff_min) {
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97 pick = i;
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98 diff_min = diff;
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99 }
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100 }
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101 return pick;
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102 }
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103
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104 static int get_high_utility_cell(elbg_data *elbg)
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105 {
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106 int i=0;
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107 /* Using linear search, do binary if it ever turns to be speed critical */
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108 int r = av_random(elbg->rand_state)%(elbg->utility_inc[elbg->numCB-1]-1) + 1;
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109 while (elbg->utility_inc[i] < r)
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110 i++;
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111
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112 assert(!elbg->cells[i]);
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113
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114 return i;
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115 }
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116
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117 /**
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118 * Implementation of the simple LBG algorithm for just two codebooks
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119 */
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120 static int simple_lbg(int dim,
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121 int *centroid[3],
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122 int newutility[3],
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123 int *points,
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124 cell *cells)
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125 {
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126 int i, idx;
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127 int numpoints[2] = {0,0};
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128 int newcentroid[2][dim];
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129 cell *tempcell;
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130
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131 memset(newcentroid, 0, sizeof(newcentroid));
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132
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133 newutility[0] =
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134 newutility[1] = 0;
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135
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136 for (tempcell = cells; tempcell; tempcell=tempcell->next) {
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137 idx = distance_limited(centroid[0], points + tempcell->index*dim, dim, INT_MAX)>=
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138 distance_limited(centroid[1], points + tempcell->index*dim, dim, INT_MAX);
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139 numpoints[idx]++;
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140 for (i=0; i<dim; i++)
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141 newcentroid[idx][i] += points[tempcell->index*dim + i];
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142 }
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143
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144 vect_division(centroid[0], newcentroid[0], numpoints[0], dim);
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145 vect_division(centroid[1], newcentroid[1], numpoints[1], dim);
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146
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147 for (tempcell = cells; tempcell; tempcell=tempcell->next) {
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148 int dist[2] = {distance_limited(centroid[0], points + tempcell->index*dim, dim, INT_MAX),
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149 distance_limited(centroid[1], points + tempcell->index*dim, dim, INT_MAX)};
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150 int idx = dist[0] > dist[1];
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151 newutility[idx] += dist[idx];
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152 }
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153
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154 return newutility[0] + newutility[1];
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155 }
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156
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157 static void get_new_centroids(elbg_data *elbg, int huc, int *newcentroid_i,
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158 int *newcentroid_p)
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159 {
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160 cell *tempcell;
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161 int min[elbg->dim];
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162 int max[elbg->dim];
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163 int i;
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164
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165 for (i=0; i< elbg->dim; i++) {
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166 min[i]=INT_MAX;
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167 max[i]=0;
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168 }
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169
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170 for (tempcell = elbg->cells[huc]; tempcell; tempcell = tempcell->next)
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171 for(i=0; i<elbg->dim; i++) {
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172 min[i]=FFMIN(min[i], elbg->points[tempcell->index*elbg->dim + i]);
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173 max[i]=FFMAX(max[i], elbg->points[tempcell->index*elbg->dim + i]);
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174 }
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175
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176 for (i=0; i<elbg->dim; i++) {
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177 newcentroid_i[i] = min[i] + (max[i] - min[i])/3;
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178 newcentroid_p[i] = min[i] + (2*(max[i] - min[i]))/3;
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179 }
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180 }
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181
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182 /**
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183 * Add the points in the low utility cell to its closest cell. Split the high
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184 * utility cell, putting the separed points in the (now empty) low utility
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185 * cell.
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186 *
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187 * @param elbg Internal elbg data
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188 * @param indexes {luc, huc, cluc}
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189 * @param newcentroid A vector with the position of the new centroids
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190 */
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191 static void shift_codebook(elbg_data *elbg, int *indexes,
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192 int *newcentroid[3])
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193 {
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194 cell *tempdata;
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195 cell **pp = &elbg->cells[indexes[2]];
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196
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197 while(*pp)
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198 pp= &(*pp)->next;
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199
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200 *pp = elbg->cells[indexes[0]];
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201
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202 elbg->cells[indexes[0]] = NULL;
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203 tempdata = elbg->cells[indexes[1]];
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204 elbg->cells[indexes[1]] = NULL;
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205
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206 while(tempdata) {
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207 cell *tempcell2 = tempdata->next;
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208 int idx = distance_limited(elbg->points + tempdata->index*elbg->dim,
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209 newcentroid[0], elbg->dim, INT_MAX) >
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210 distance_limited(elbg->points + tempdata->index*elbg->dim,
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211 newcentroid[1], elbg->dim, INT_MAX);
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212
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213 tempdata->next = elbg->cells[indexes[idx]];
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214 elbg->cells[indexes[idx]] = tempdata;
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215 tempdata = tempcell2;
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216 }
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217 }
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218
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219 static void evaluate_utility_inc(elbg_data *elbg)
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220 {
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221 int i, inc=0;
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222
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223 for (i=0; i < elbg->numCB; i++) {
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224 if (elbg->numCB*elbg->utility[i] > elbg->error)
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225 inc += elbg->utility[i];
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226 elbg->utility_inc[i] = inc;
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227 }
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228 }
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229
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230
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231 static void update_utility_and_n_cb(elbg_data *elbg, int idx, int newutility)
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232 {
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233 cell *tempcell;
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234
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235 elbg->utility[idx] = newutility;
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236 for (tempcell=elbg->cells[idx]; tempcell; tempcell=tempcell->next)
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237 elbg->nearest_cb[tempcell->index] = idx;
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238 }
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239
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240 /**
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241 * Evaluate if a shift lower the error. If it does, call shift_codebooks
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242 * and update elbg->error, elbg->utility and elbg->nearest_cb.
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243 *
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244 * @param elbg Internal elbg data
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245 * @param indexes {luc (low utility cell, huc (high utility cell), cluc (closest cell to low utility cell)}
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246 */
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247 static void try_shift_candidate(elbg_data *elbg, int idx[3])
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248 {
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249 int j, k, olderror=0, newerror, cont=0;
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250 int newutility[3];
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251 int newcentroid[3][elbg->dim];
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252 int *newcentroid_ptrs[3];
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253 cell *tempcell;
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254
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255 newcentroid_ptrs[0] = newcentroid[0];
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256 newcentroid_ptrs[1] = newcentroid[1];
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257 newcentroid_ptrs[2] = newcentroid[2];
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258
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259 for (j=0; j<3; j++)
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260 olderror += elbg->utility[idx[j]];
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261
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262 memset(newcentroid[2], 0, elbg->dim*sizeof(int));
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263
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264 for (k=0; k<2; k++)
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265 for (tempcell=elbg->cells[idx[2*k]]; tempcell; tempcell=tempcell->next) {
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266 cont++;
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267 for (j=0; j<elbg->dim; j++)
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268 newcentroid[2][j] += elbg->points[tempcell->index*elbg->dim + j];
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269 }
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270
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271 vect_division(newcentroid[2], newcentroid[2], cont, elbg->dim);
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272
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273 get_new_centroids(elbg, idx[1], newcentroid[0], newcentroid[1]);
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274
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275 newutility[2] = eval_error_cell(elbg, newcentroid[2], elbg->cells[idx[0]]);
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276 newutility[2] += eval_error_cell(elbg, newcentroid[2], elbg->cells[idx[2]]);
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277
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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278 newerror = newutility[2];
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279
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280 newerror += simple_lbg(elbg->dim, newcentroid_ptrs, newutility, elbg->points,
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281 elbg->cells[idx[1]]);
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282
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283 if (olderror > newerror) {
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284 shift_codebook(elbg, idx, newcentroid_ptrs);
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285
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286 elbg->error += newerror - olderror;
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287
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288 for (j=0; j<3; j++)
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289 update_utility_and_n_cb(elbg, idx[j], newutility[j]);
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290
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291 evaluate_utility_inc(elbg);
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292 }
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293 }
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294
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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295 /**
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296 * Implementation of the ELBG block
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297 */
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298 static void do_shiftings(elbg_data *elbg)
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299 {
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300 int idx[3];
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301
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302 evaluate_utility_inc(elbg);
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303
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304 for (idx[0]=0; idx[0] < elbg->numCB; idx[0]++)
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305 if (elbg->numCB*elbg->utility[idx[0]] < elbg->error) {
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306 if (elbg->utility_inc[elbg->numCB-1] == 0)
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307 return;
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308
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309 idx[1] = get_high_utility_cell(elbg);
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310 idx[2] = get_closest_codebook(elbg, idx[0]);
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311
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312 if (idx[1] != idx[0] && idx[1] != idx[2])
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313 try_shift_candidate(elbg, idx);
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314 }
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315 }
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316
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317 #define BIG_PRIME 433494437LL
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318
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319 void ff_init_elbg(int *points, int dim, int numpoints, int *codebook,
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320 int numCB, int max_steps, int *closest_cb,
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321 AVRandomState *rand_state)
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322 {
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323 int i, k;
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324
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325 if (numpoints > 24*numCB) {
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326 /* ELBG is very costly for a big number of points. So if we have a lot
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327 of them, get a good initial codebook to save on iterations */
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328 int *temp_points = av_malloc(dim*(numpoints/8)*sizeof(int));
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329 for (i=0; i<numpoints/8; i++) {
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330 k = (i*BIG_PRIME) % numpoints;
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331 memcpy(temp_points + i*dim, points + k*dim, dim*sizeof(int));
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332 }
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333
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334 ff_init_elbg(temp_points, dim, numpoints/8, codebook, numCB, 2*max_steps, closest_cb, rand_state);
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335 ff_do_elbg(temp_points, dim, numpoints/8, codebook, numCB, 2*max_steps, closest_cb, rand_state);
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336
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337 av_free(temp_points);
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338
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339 } else // If not, initialize the codebook with random positions
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340 for (i=0; i < numCB; i++)
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341 memcpy(codebook + i*dim, points + ((i*BIG_PRIME)%numpoints)*dim,
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342 dim*sizeof(int));
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343
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344 }
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345
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346 void ff_do_elbg(int *points, int dim, int numpoints, int *codebook,
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347 int numCB, int max_steps, int *closest_cb,
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348 AVRandomState *rand_state)
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349 {
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350 int dist;
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351 elbg_data elbg_d;
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352 elbg_data *elbg = &elbg_d;
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353 int i, j, k, last_error, steps=0;
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354 int *dist_cb = av_malloc(numpoints*sizeof(int));
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355 int *size_part = av_malloc(numCB*sizeof(int));
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356 cell *list_buffer = av_malloc(numpoints*sizeof(cell));
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357 cell *free_cells;
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358
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359 elbg->error = INT_MAX;
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360 elbg->dim = dim;
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361 elbg->numCB = numCB;
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362 elbg->codebook = codebook;
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363 elbg->cells = av_malloc(numCB*sizeof(cell *));
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364 elbg->utility = av_malloc(numCB*sizeof(int));
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365 elbg->nearest_cb = closest_cb;
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366 elbg->points = points;
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367 elbg->utility_inc = av_malloc(numCB*sizeof(int));
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368
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369 elbg->rand_state = rand_state;
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370
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371 do {
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372 free_cells = list_buffer;
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373 last_error = elbg->error;
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374 steps++;
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375 memset(elbg->utility, 0, numCB*sizeof(int));
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376 memset(elbg->cells, 0, numCB*sizeof(cell *));
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377
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378 elbg->error = 0;
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379
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380 /* This loop evaluate the actual Voronoi partition. It is the most
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381 costly part of the algorithm. */
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382 for (i=0; i < numpoints; i++) {
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383 dist_cb[i] = INT_MAX;
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384 for (k=0; k < elbg->numCB; k++) {
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385 dist = distance_limited(elbg->points + i*elbg->dim, elbg->codebook + k*elbg->dim, dim, dist_cb[i]);
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386 if (dist < dist_cb[i]) {
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387 dist_cb[i] = dist;
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388 elbg->nearest_cb[i] = k;
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389 }
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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390 }
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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391 elbg->error += dist_cb[i];
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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392 elbg->utility[elbg->nearest_cb[i]] += dist_cb[i];
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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393 free_cells->index = i;
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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394 free_cells->next = elbg->cells[elbg->nearest_cb[i]];
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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395 elbg->cells[elbg->nearest_cb[i]] = free_cells;
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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396 free_cells++;
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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397 }
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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398
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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399 do_shiftings(elbg);
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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400
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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401 memset(size_part, 0, numCB*sizeof(int));
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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402
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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403 memset(elbg->codebook, 0, elbg->numCB*dim*sizeof(int));
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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404
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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405 for (i=0; i < numpoints; i++) {
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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406 size_part[elbg->nearest_cb[i]]++;
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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407 for (j=0; j < elbg->dim; j++)
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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408 elbg->codebook[elbg->nearest_cb[i]*elbg->dim + j] +=
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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409 elbg->points[i*elbg->dim + j];
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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410 }
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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411
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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412 for (i=0; i < elbg->numCB; i++)
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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413 vect_division(elbg->codebook + i*elbg->dim,
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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414 elbg->codebook + i*elbg->dim, size_part[i], elbg->dim);
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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415
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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416 } while(((last_error - elbg->error) > DELTA_ERR_MAX*elbg->error) &&
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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417 (steps < max_steps));
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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418
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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419 av_free(dist_cb);
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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420 av_free(size_part);
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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421 av_free(elbg->utility);
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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422 av_free(list_buffer);
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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423 av_free(elbg->cells);
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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424 av_free(elbg->utility_inc);
ed41cfae128d Codebook generator using the ELBG algorithm
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425 }