annotate flacenc.c @ 6920:d02af7474bff libavcodec

Prevent 128*1<<trellis from becoming 0 and creating 0 sized arrays. fixes CID84 RUN2 CID85 RUN2 CID86 RUN2 CID87 RUN2 CID88 RUN2 CID89 RUN2 CID90 RUN2 CID91 RUN2 CID92 RUN2 CID93 RUN2 CID94 RUN2 CID95 RUN2 CID96 RUN2 CID97 RUN2 CID98 RUN2 CID99 RUN2 CID100 RUN2 CID101 RUN2 CID102 RUN2 CID103 RUN2 CID104 RUN2 CID105 RUN2 CID106 RUN2

/**
 * FLAC audio encoder
 * Copyright (c) 2006  Justin Ruggles <[e-mail]>
 *
 * This file is part of FFmpeg.
 *
 * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
 */

#include "libavutil/crc.h"
#include "libavutil/lls.h"
#include "avcodec.h"
#include "bitstream.h"
#include "dsputil.h"
#include "golomb.h"

#define FLAC_MAX_CH  8
#define FLAC_MIN_BLOCKSIZE  16
#define FLAC_MAX_BLOCKSIZE  65535

#define FLAC_SUBFRAME_CONSTANT  0
#define FLAC_SUBFRAME_VERBATIM  1
#define FLAC_SUBFRAME_FIXED     8
#define FLAC_SUBFRAME_LPC      32

#define FLAC_CHMODE_NOT_STEREO      0
#define FLAC_CHMODE_LEFT_RIGHT      1
#define FLAC_CHMODE_LEFT_SIDE       8
#define FLAC_CHMODE_RIGHT_SIDE      9
#define FLAC_CHMODE_MID_SIDE       10

#define ORDER_METHOD_EST     0
#define ORDER_METHOD_2LEVEL  1
#define ORDER_METHOD_4LEVEL  2
#define ORDER_METHOD_8LEVEL  3
#define ORDER_METHOD_SEARCH  4
#define ORDER_METHOD_LOG     5

#define FLAC_STREAMINFO_SIZE  34

#define MIN_LPC_ORDER       1
#define MAX_LPC_ORDER      32
#define MAX_FIXED_ORDER     4
#define MAX_PARTITION_ORDER 8
#define MAX_PARTITIONS     (1 << MAX_PARTITION_ORDER)
#define MAX_LPC_PRECISION  15
#define MAX_LPC_SHIFT      15
#define MAX_RICE_PARAM     14

typedef struct CompressionOptions {
    int compression_level;
    int block_time_ms;
    int use_lpc;
    int lpc_coeff_precision;
    int min_prediction_order;
    int max_prediction_order;
    int prediction_order_method;
    int min_partition_order;
    int max_partition_order;
} CompressionOptions;

typedef struct RiceContext {
    int porder;
    int params[MAX_PARTITIONS];
} RiceContext;

typedef struct FlacSubframe {
    int type;
    int type_code;
    int obits;
    int order;
    int32_t coefs[MAX_LPC_ORDER];
    int shift;
    RiceContext rc;
    int32_t samples[FLAC_MAX_BLOCKSIZE];
    int32_t residual[FLAC_MAX_BLOCKSIZE+1];
} FlacSubframe;

typedef struct FlacFrame {
    FlacSubframe subframes[FLAC_MAX_CH];
    int blocksize;
    int bs_code[2];
    uint8_t crc8;
    int ch_mode;
} FlacFrame;

typedef struct FlacEncodeContext {
    PutBitContext pb;
    int channels;
    int ch_code;
    int samplerate;
    int sr_code[2];
    int max_framesize;
    uint32_t frame_count;
    FlacFrame frame;
    CompressionOptions options;
    AVCodecContext *avctx;
    DSPContext dsp;
} FlacEncodeContext;

static const int flac_samplerates[16] = {
    0, 0, 0, 0,
    8000, 16000, 22050, 24000, 32000, 44100, 48000, 96000,
    0, 0, 0, 0
};

static const int flac_blocksizes[16] = {
    0,
    192,
    576, 1152, 2304, 4608,
    0, 0,
    256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16384, 32768
};

/**
 * Writes streaminfo metadata block to byte array
 */
static void write_streaminfo(FlacEncodeContext *s, uint8_t *header)
{
    PutBitContext pb;

    memset(header, 0, FLAC_STREAMINFO_SIZE);
    init_put_bits(&pb, header, FLAC_STREAMINFO_SIZE);

    /* streaminfo metadata block */
    put_bits(&pb, 16, s->avctx->frame_size);
    put_bits(&pb, 16, s->avctx->frame_size);
    put_bits(&pb, 24, 0);
    put_bits(&pb, 24, s->max_framesize);
    put_bits(&pb, 20, s->samplerate);
    put_bits(&pb, 3, s->channels-1);
    put_bits(&pb, 5, 15);       /* bits per sample - 1 */
    flush_put_bits(&pb);
    /* total samples = 0 */
    /* MD5 signature = 0 */
}

/**
 * Sets blocksize based on samplerate
 * Chooses the closest predefined blocksize >= BLOCK_TIME_MS milliseconds
 */
static int select_blocksize(int samplerate, int block_time_ms)
{
    int i;
    int target;
    int blocksize;

    assert(samplerate > 0);
    blocksize = flac_blocksizes[1];
    target = (samplerate * block_time_ms) / 1000;
    for(i=0; i<16; i++) {
        if(target >= flac_blocksizes[i] && flac_blocksizes[i] > blocksize) {
            blocksize = flac_blocksizes[i];
        }
    }
    return blocksize;
}

static av_cold int flac_encode_init(AVCodecContext *avctx)
{
    int freq = avctx->sample_rate;
    int channels = avctx->channels;
    FlacEncodeContext *s = avctx->priv_data;
    int i, level;
    uint8_t *streaminfo;

    s->avctx = avctx;

    dsputil_init(&s->dsp, avctx);

    if(avctx->sample_fmt != SAMPLE_FMT_S16) {
        return -1;
    }

    if(channels < 1 || channels > FLAC_MAX_CH) {
        return -1;
    }
    s->channels = channels;
    s->ch_code = s->channels-1;

    /* find samplerate in table */
    if(freq < 1)
        return -1;
    for(i=4; i<12; i++) {
        if(freq == flac_samplerates[i]) {
            s->samplerate = flac_samplerates[i];
            s->sr_code[0] = i;
            s->sr_code[1] = 0;
            break;
        }
    }
    /* if not in table, samplerate is non-standard */
    if(i == 12) {
        if(freq % 1000 == 0 && freq < 255000) {
            s->sr_code[0] = 12;
            s->sr_code[1] = freq / 1000;
        } else if(freq % 10 == 0 && freq < 655350) {
            s->sr_code[0] = 14;
            s->sr_code[1] = freq / 10;
        } else if(freq < 65535) {
            s->sr_code[0] = 13;
            s->sr_code[1] = freq;
        } else {
            return -1;
        }
        s->samplerate = freq;
    }

    /* set compression option defaults based on avctx->compression_level */
    if(avctx->compression_level < 0) {
        s->options.compression_level = 5;
    } else {
        s->options.compression_level = avctx->compression_level;
    }
    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " compression: %d\n", s->options.compression_level);

    level= s->options.compression_level;
    if(level > 12) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "invalid compression level: %d\n",
               s->options.compression_level);
        return -1;
    }

    s->options.block_time_ms       = ((int[]){ 27, 27, 27,105,105,105,105,105,105,105,105,105,105})[level];
    s->options.use_lpc             = ((int[]){  0,  0,  0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1})[level];
    s->options.min_prediction_order= ((int[]){  2,  0,  0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1})[level];
    s->options.max_prediction_order= ((int[]){  3,  4,  4,  6,  8,  8,  8,  8, 12, 12, 12, 32, 32})[level];
    s->options.prediction_order_method = ((int[]){ ORDER_METHOD_EST,    ORDER_METHOD_EST,    ORDER_METHOD_EST,
                                                   ORDER_METHOD_EST,    ORDER_METHOD_EST,    ORDER_METHOD_EST,
                                                   ORDER_METHOD_4LEVEL, ORDER_METHOD_LOG,    ORDER_METHOD_4LEVEL,
                                                   ORDER_METHOD_LOG,    ORDER_METHOD_SEARCH, ORDER_METHOD_LOG,
                                                   ORDER_METHOD_SEARCH})[level];
    s->options.min_partition_order = ((int[]){  2,  2,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0})[level];
    s->options.max_partition_order = ((int[]){  2,  2,  3,  3,  3,  8,  8,  8,  8,  8,  8,  8,  8})[level];

    /* set compression option overrides from AVCodecContext */
    if(avctx->use_lpc >= 0) {
        s->options.use_lpc = av_clip(avctx->use_lpc, 0, 11);
    }
    if(s->options.use_lpc == 1)
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " use lpc: Levinson-Durbin recursion with Welch window\n");
    else if(s->options.use_lpc > 1)
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " use lpc: Cholesky factorization\n");

    if(avctx->min_prediction_order >= 0) {
        if(s->options.use_lpc) {
            if(avctx->min_prediction_order < MIN_LPC_ORDER ||
                    avctx->min_prediction_order > MAX_LPC_ORDER) {
                av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "invalid min prediction order: %d\n",
                       avctx->min_prediction_order);
                return -1;
            }
        } else {
            if(avctx->min_prediction_order > MAX_FIXED_ORDER) {
                av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "invalid min prediction order: %d\n",
                       avctx->min_prediction_order);
                return -1;
            }
        }
        s->options.min_prediction_order = avctx->min_prediction_order;
    }
    if(avctx->max_prediction_order >= 0) {
        if(s->options.use_lpc) {
            if(avctx->max_prediction_order < MIN_LPC_ORDER ||
                    avctx->max_prediction_order > MAX_LPC_ORDER) {
                av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "invalid max prediction order: %d\n",
                       avctx->max_prediction_order);
                return -1;
            }
        } else {
            if(avctx->max_prediction_order > MAX_FIXED_ORDER) {
                av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "invalid max prediction order: %d\n",
                       avctx->max_prediction_order);
                return -1;
            }
        }
        s->options.max_prediction_order = avctx->max_prediction_order;
    }
    if(s->options.max_prediction_order < s->options.min_prediction_order) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "invalid prediction orders: min=%d max=%d\n",
               s->options.min_prediction_order, s->options.max_prediction_order);
        return -1;
    }
    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " prediction order: %d, %d\n",
           s->options.min_prediction_order, s->options.max_prediction_order);

    if(avctx->prediction_order_method >= 0) {
        if(avctx->prediction_order_method > ORDER_METHOD_LOG) {
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "invalid prediction order method: %d\n",
                   avctx->prediction_order_method);
            return -1;
        }
        s->options.prediction_order_method = avctx->prediction_order_method;
    }
    switch(s->options.prediction_order_method) {
        case ORDER_METHOD_EST:    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " order method: %s\n",
                                         "estimate"); break;
        case ORDER_METHOD_2LEVEL: av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " order method: %s\n",
                                         "2-level"); break;
        case ORDER_METHOD_4LEVEL: av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " order method: %s\n",
                                         "4-level"); break;
        case ORDER_METHOD_8LEVEL: av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " order method: %s\n",
                                         "8-level"); break;
        case ORDER_METHOD_SEARCH: av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " order method: %s\n",
                                         "full search"); break;
        case ORDER_METHOD_LOG:    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " order method: %s\n",
                                         "log search"); break;
    }

    if(avctx->min_partition_order >= 0) {
        if(avctx->min_partition_order > MAX_PARTITION_ORDER) {
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "invalid min partition order: %d\n",
                   avctx->min_partition_order);
            return -1;
        }
        s->options.min_partition_order = avctx->min_partition_order;
    }
    if(avctx->max_partition_order >= 0) {
        if(avctx->max_partition_order > MAX_PARTITION_ORDER) {
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "invalid max partition order: %d\n",
                   avctx->max_partition_order);
            return -1;
        }
        s->options.max_partition_order = avctx->max_partition_order;
    }
    if(s->options.max_partition_order < s->options.min_partition_order) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "invalid partition orders: min=%d max=%d\n",
               s->options.min_partition_order, s->options.max_partition_order);
        return -1;
    }
    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " partition order: %d, %d\n",
           s->options.min_partition_order, s->options.max_partition_order);

    if(avctx->frame_size > 0) {
        if(avctx->frame_size < FLAC_MIN_BLOCKSIZE ||
                avctx->frame_size > FLAC_MAX_BLOCKSIZE) {
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "invalid block size: %d\n",
                   avctx->frame_size);
            return -1;
        }
    } else {
        s->avctx->frame_size = select_blocksize(s->samplerate, s->options.block_time_ms);
    }
    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " block size: %d\n", s->avctx->frame_size);

    /* set LPC precision */
    if(avctx->lpc_coeff_precision > 0) {
        if(avctx->lpc_coeff_precision > MAX_LPC_PRECISION) {
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "invalid lpc coeff precision: %d\n",
                   avctx->lpc_coeff_precision);
            return -1;
        }
        s->options.lpc_coeff_precision = avctx->lpc_coeff_precision;
    } else {
        /* default LPC precision */
        s->options.lpc_coeff_precision = 15;
    }
    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " lpc precision: %d\n",
           s->options.lpc_coeff_precision);

    /* set maximum encoded frame size in verbatim mode */
    if(s->channels == 2) {
        s->max_framesize = 14 + ((s->avctx->frame_size * 33 + 7) >> 3);
    } else {
        s->max_framesize = 14 + (s->avctx->frame_size * s->channels * 2);
    }

    streaminfo = av_malloc(FLAC_STREAMINFO_SIZE);
    write_streaminfo(s, streaminfo);
    avctx->extradata = streaminfo;
    avctx->extradata_size = FLAC_STREAMINFO_SIZE;

    s->frame_count = 0;

    avctx->coded_frame = avcodec_alloc_frame();
    avctx->coded_frame->key_frame = 1;

    return 0;
}

static void init_frame(FlacEncodeContext *s)
{
    int i, ch;
    FlacFrame *frame;

    frame = &s->frame;

    for(i=0; i<16; i++) {
        if(s->avctx->frame_size == flac_blocksizes[i]) {
            frame->blocksize = flac_blocksizes[i];
            frame->bs_code[0] = i;
            frame->bs_code[1] = 0;
            break;
        }
    }
    if(i == 16) {
        frame->blocksize = s->avctx->frame_size;
        if(frame->blocksize <= 256) {
            frame->bs_code[0] = 6;
            frame->bs_code[1] = frame->blocksize-1;
        } else {
            frame->bs_code[0] = 7;
            frame->bs_code[1] = frame->blocksize-1;
        }
    }

    for(ch=0; ch<s->channels; ch++) {
        frame->subframes[ch].obits = 16;
    }
}

/**
 * Copy channel-interleaved input samples into separate subframes
 */
static void copy_samples(FlacEncodeContext *s, int16_t *samples)
{
    int i, j, ch;
    FlacFrame *frame;

    frame = &s->frame;
    for(i=0,j=0; i<frame->blocksize; i++) {
        for(ch=0; ch<s->channels; ch++,j++) {
            frame->subframes[ch].samples[i] = samples[j];
        }
    }
}


#define rice_encode_count(sum, n, k) (((n)*((k)+1))+((sum-(n>>1))>>(k)))

/**
 * Solve for d/dk(rice_encode_count) = n-((sum-(n>>1))>>(k+1)) = 0
 */
static int find_optimal_param(uint32_t sum, int n)
{
    int k;
    uint32_t sum2;

    if(sum <= n>>1)
        return 0;
    sum2 = sum-(n>>1);
    k = av_log2(n<256 ? FASTDIV(sum2,n) : sum2/n);
    return FFMIN(k, MAX_RICE_PARAM);
}

static uint32_t calc_optimal_rice_params(RiceContext *rc, int porder,
                                         uint32_t *sums, int n, int pred_order)
{
    int i;
    int k, cnt, part;
    uint32_t all_bits;

    part = (1 << porder);
    all_bits = 4 * part;

    cnt = (n >> porder) - pred_order;
    for(i=0; i<part; i++) {
        k = find_optimal_param(sums[i], cnt);
        rc->params[i] = k;
        all_bits += rice_encode_count(sums[i], cnt, k);
        cnt = n >> porder;
    }

    rc->porder = porder;

    return all_bits;
}

static void calc_sums(int pmin, int pmax, uint32_t *data, int n, int pred_order,
                      uint32_t sums[][MAX_PARTITIONS])
{
    int i, j;
    int parts;
    uint32_t *res, *res_end;

    /* sums for highest level */
    parts = (1 << pmax);
    res = &data[pred_order];
    res_end = &data[n >> pmax];
    for(i=0; i<parts; i++) {
        uint32_t sum = 0;
        while(res < res_end){
            sum += *(res++);
        }
        sums[pmax][i] = sum;
        res_end+= n >> pmax;
    }
    /* sums for lower levels */
    for(i=pmax-1; i>=pmin; i--) {
        parts = (1 << i);
        for(j=0; j<parts; j++) {
            sums[i][j] = sums[i+1][2*j] + sums[i+1][2*j+1];
        }
    }
}

static uint32_t calc_rice_params(RiceContext *rc, int pmin, int pmax,
                                 int32_t *data, int n, int pred_order)
{
    int i;
    uint32_t bits[MAX_PARTITION_ORDER+1];
    int opt_porder;
    RiceContext tmp_rc;
    uint32_t *udata;
    uint32_t sums[MAX_PARTITION_ORDER+1][MAX_PARTITIONS];

    assert(pmin >= 0 && pmin <= MAX_PARTITION_ORDER);
    assert(pmax >= 0 && pmax <= MAX_PARTITION_ORDER);
    assert(pmin <= pmax);

    udata = av_malloc(n * sizeof(uint32_t));
    for(i=0; i<n; i++) {
        udata[i] = (2*data[i]) ^ (data[i]>>31);
    }

    calc_sums(pmin, pmax, udata, n, pred_order, sums);

    opt_porder = pmin;
    bits[pmin] = UINT32_MAX;
    for(i=pmin; i<=pmax; i++) {
        bits[i] = calc_optimal_rice_params(&tmp_rc, i, sums[i], n, pred_order);
        if(bits[i] <= bits[opt_porder]) {
            opt_porder = i;
            *rc= tmp_rc;
        }
    }

    av_freep(&udata);
    return bits[opt_porder];
}

static int get_max_p_order(int max_porder, int n, int order)
{
    int porder = FFMIN(max_porder, av_log2(n^(n-1)));
    if(order > 0)
        porder = FFMIN(porder, av_log2(n/order));
    return porder;
}

static uint32_t calc_rice_params_fixed(RiceContext *rc, int pmin, int pmax,
                                       int32_t *data, int n, int pred_order,
                                       int bps)
{
    uint32_t bits;
    pmin = get_max_p_order(pmin, n, pred_order);
    pmax = get_max_p_order(pmax, n, pred_order);
    bits = pred_order*bps + 6;
    bits += calc_rice_params(rc, pmin, pmax, data, n, pred_order);
    return bits;
}

static uint32_t calc_rice_params_lpc(RiceContext *rc, int pmin, int pmax,
                                     int32_t *data, int n, int pred_order,
                                     int bps, int precision)
{
    uint32_t bits;
    pmin = get_max_p_order(pmin, n, pred_order);
    pmax = get_max_p_order(pmax, n, pred_order);
    bits = pred_order*bps + 4 + 5 + pred_order*precision + 6;
    bits += calc_rice_params(rc, pmin, pmax, data, n, pred_order);
    return bits;
}

/**
 * Apply Welch window function to audio block
 */
static void apply_welch_window(const int32_t *data, int len, double *w_data)
{
    int i, n2;
    double w;
    double c;

    assert(!(len&1)); //the optimization in r11881 does not support odd len
                      //if someone wants odd len extend the change in r11881

    n2 = (len >> 1);
    c = 2.0 / (len - 1.0);

    w_data+=n2;
      data+=n2;
    for(i=0; i<n2; i++) {
        w = c - n2 + i;
        w = 1.0 - (w * w);
        w_data[-i-1] = data[-i-1] * w;
        w_data[+i  ] = data[+i  ] * w;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates autocorrelation data from audio samples
 * A Welch window function is applied before calculation.
 */
void ff_flac_compute_autocorr(const int32_t *data, int len, int lag,
                              double *autoc)
{
    int i, j;
    double tmp[len + lag + 1];
    double *data1= tmp + lag;

    apply_welch_window(data, len, data1);

    for(j=0; j<lag; j++)
        data1[j-lag]= 0.0;
    data1[len] = 0.0;

    for(j=0; j<lag; j+=2){
        double sum0 = 1.0, sum1 = 1.0;
        for(i=0; i<len; i++){
            sum0 += data1[i] * data1[i-j];
            sum1 += data1[i] * data1[i-j-1];
        }
        autoc[j  ] = sum0;
        autoc[j+1] = sum1;
    }

    if(j==lag){
        double sum = 1.0;
        for(i=0; i<len; i+=2){
            sum += data1[i  ] * data1[i-j  ]
                 + data1[i+1] * data1[i-j+1];
        }
        autoc[j] = sum;
    }
}

/**
 * Levinson-Durbin recursion.
 * Produces LPC coefficients from autocorrelation data.
 */
static void compute_lpc_coefs(const double *autoc, int max_order,
                              double lpc[][MAX_LPC_ORDER], double *ref)
{
   int i, j, i2;
   double r, err, tmp;
   double lpc_tmp[MAX_LPC_ORDER];

   for(i=0; i<max_order; i++) lpc_tmp[i] = 0;
   err = autoc[0];

   for(i=0; i<max_order; i++) {
      r = -autoc[i+1];
      for(j=0; j<i; j++) {
          r -= lpc_tmp[j] * autoc[i-j];
      }
      r /= err;
      ref[i] = fabs(r);

      err *= 1.0 - (r * r);

      i2 = (i >> 1);
      lpc_tmp[i] = r;
      for(j=0; j<i2; j++) {
         tmp = lpc_tmp[j];
         lpc_tmp[j] += r * lpc_tmp[i-1-j];
         lpc_tmp[i-1-j] += r * tmp;
      }
      if(i & 1) {
          lpc_tmp[j] += lpc_tmp[j] * r;
      }

      for(j=0; j<=i; j++) {
          lpc[i][j] = -lpc_tmp[j];
      }
   }
}

/**
 * Quantize LPC coefficients
 */
static void quantize_lpc_coefs(double *lpc_in, int order, int precision,
                               int32_t *lpc_out, int *shift)
{
    int i;
    double cmax, error;
    int32_t qmax;
    int sh;

    /* define maximum levels */
    qmax = (1 << (precision - 1)) - 1;

    /* find maximum coefficient value */
    cmax = 0.0;
    for(i=0; i<order; i++) {
        cmax= FFMAX(cmax, fabs(lpc_in[i]));
    }

    /* if maximum value quantizes to zero, return all zeros */
    if(cmax * (1 << MAX_LPC_SHIFT) < 1.0) {
        *shift = 0;
        memset(lpc_out, 0, sizeof(int32_t) * order);
        return;
    }

    /* calculate level shift which scales max coeff to available bits */
    sh = MAX_LPC_SHIFT;
    while((cmax * (1 << sh) > qmax) && (sh > 0)) {
        sh--;
    }

    /* since negative shift values are unsupported in decoder, scale down
       coefficients instead */
    if(sh == 0 && cmax > qmax) {
        double scale = ((double)qmax) / cmax;
        for(i=0; i<order; i++) {
            lpc_in[i] *= scale;
        }
    }

    /* output quantized coefficients and level shift */
    error=0;
    for(i=0; i<order; i++) {
        error += lpc_in[i] * (1 << sh);
        lpc_out[i] = av_clip(lrintf(error), -qmax, qmax);
        error -= lpc_out[i];
    }
    *shift = sh;
}

static int estimate_best_order(double *ref, int max_order)
{
    int i, est;

    est = 1;
    for(i=max_order-1; i>=0; i--) {
        if(ref[i] > 0.10) {
            est = i+1;
            break;
        }
    }
    return est;
}

/**
 * Calculate LPC coefficients for multiple orders
 */
static int lpc_calc_coefs(FlacEncodeContext *s,
                          const int32_t *samples, int blocksize, int max_order,
                          int precision, int32_t coefs[][MAX_LPC_ORDER],
                          int *shift, int use_lpc, int omethod)
{
    double autoc[MAX_LPC_ORDER+1];
    double ref[MAX_LPC_ORDER];
    double lpc[MAX_LPC_ORDER][MAX_LPC_ORDER];
    int i, j, pass;
    int opt_order;

    assert(max_order >= MIN_LPC_ORDER && max_order <= MAX_LPC_ORDER);

    if(use_lpc == 1){
        s->dsp.flac_compute_autocorr(samples, blocksize, max_order, autoc);

        compute_lpc_coefs(autoc, max_order, lpc, ref);
    }else{
        LLSModel m[2];
        double var[MAX_LPC_ORDER+1], weight;

        for(pass=0; pass<use_lpc-1; pass++){
            av_init_lls(&m[pass&1], max_order);

            weight=0;
            for(i=max_order; i<blocksize; i++){
                for(j=0; j<=max_order; j++)
                    var[j]= samples[i-j];

                if(pass){
                    double eval, inv, rinv;
                    eval= av_evaluate_lls(&m[(pass-1)&1], var+1, max_order-1);
                    eval= (512>>pass) + fabs(eval - var[0]);
                    inv = 1/eval;
                    rinv = sqrt(inv);
                    for(j=0; j<=max_order; j++)
                        var[j] *= rinv;
                    weight += inv;
                }else
                    weight++;

                av_update_lls(&m[pass&1], var, 1.0);
            }
            av_solve_lls(&m[pass&1], 0.001, 0);
        }

        for(i=0; i<max_order; i++){
            for(j=0; j<max_order; j++)
                lpc[i][j]= m[(pass-1)&1].coeff[i][j];
            ref[i]= sqrt(m[(pass-1)&1].variance[i] / weight) * (blocksize - max_order) / 4000;
        }
        for(i=max_order-1; i>0; i--)
            ref[i] = ref[i-1] - ref[i];
    }
    opt_order = max_order;

    if(omethod == ORDER_METHOD_EST) {
        opt_order = estimate_best_order(ref, max_order);
        i = opt_order-1;
        quantize_lpc_coefs(lpc[i], i+1, precision, coefs[i], &shift[i]);
    } else {
        for(i=0; i<max_order; i++) {
            quantize_lpc_coefs(lpc[i], i+1, precision, coefs[i], &shift[i]);
        }
    }

    return opt_order;
}


static void encode_residual_verbatim(int32_t *res, int32_t *smp, int n)
{
    assert(n > 0);
    memcpy(res, smp, n * sizeof(int32_t));
}

static void encode_residual_fixed(int32_t *res, const int32_t *smp, int n,
                                  int order)
{
    int i;

    for(i=0; i<order; i++) {
        res[i] = smp[i];
    }

    if(order==0){
        for(i=order; i<n; i++)
            res[i]= smp[i];
    }else if(order==1){
        for(i=order; i<n; i++)
            res[i]= smp[i] - smp[i-1];
    }else if(order==2){
        int a = smp[order-1] - smp[order-2];
        for(i=order; i<n; i+=2) {
            int b = smp[i] - smp[i-1];
            res[i]= b - a;
            a = smp[i+1] - smp[i];
            res[i+1]= a - b;
        }
    }else if(order==3){
        int a = smp[order-1] - smp[order-2];
        int c = smp[order-1] - 2*smp[order-2] + smp[order-3];
        for(i=order; i<n; i+=2) {
            int b = smp[i] - smp[i-1];
            int d = b - a;
            res[i]= d - c;
            a = smp[i+1] - smp[i];
            c = a - b;
            res[i+1]= c - d;
        }
    }else{
        int a = smp[order-1] - smp[order-2];
        int c = smp[order-1] - 2*smp[order-2] + smp[order-3];
        int e = smp[order-1] - 3*smp[order-2] + 3*smp[order-3] - smp[order-4];
        for(i=order; i<n; i+=2) {
            int b = smp[i] - smp[i-1];
            int d = b - a;
            int f = d - c;
            res[i]= f - e;
            a = smp[i+1] - smp[i];
            c = a - b;
            e = c - d;
            res[i+1]= e - f;
        }
    }
}

#define LPC1(x) {\
    int c = coefs[(x)-1];\
    p0 += c*s;\
    s = smp[i-(x)+1];\
    p1 += c*s;\
}

static av_always_inline void encode_residual_lpc_unrolled(
    int32_t *res, const int32_t *smp, int n,
    int order, const int32_t *coefs, int shift, int big)
{
    int i;
    for(i=order; i<n; i+=2) {
        int s = smp[i-order];
        int p0 = 0, p1 = 0;
        if(big) {
            switch(order) {
                case 32: LPC1(32)
                case 31: LPC1(31)
                case 30: LPC1(30)
                case 29: LPC1(29)
                case 28: LPC1(28)
                case 27: LPC1(27)
                case 26: LPC1(26)
                case 25: LPC1(25)
                case 24: LPC1(24)
                case 23: LPC1(23)
                case 22: LPC1(22)
                case 21: LPC1(21)
                case 20: LPC1(20)
                case 19: LPC1(19)
                case 18: LPC1(18)
                case 17: LPC1(17)
                case 16: LPC1(16)
                case 15: LPC1(15)
                case 14: LPC1(14)
                case 13: LPC1(13)
                case 12: LPC1(12)
                case 11: LPC1(11)
                case 10: LPC1(10)
                case  9: LPC1( 9)
                         LPC1( 8)
                         LPC1( 7)
                         LPC1( 6)
                         LPC1( 5)
                         LPC1( 4)
                         LPC1( 3)
                         LPC1( 2)
                         LPC1( 1)
            }
        } else {
            switch(order) {
                case  8: LPC1( 8)
                case  7: LPC1( 7)
                case  6: LPC1( 6)
                case  5: LPC1( 5)
                case  4: LPC1( 4)
                case  3: LPC1( 3)
                case  2: LPC1( 2)
                case  1: LPC1( 1)
            }
        }
        res[i  ] = smp[i  ] - (p0 >> shift);
        res[i+1] = smp[i+1] - (p1 >> shift);
    }
}

static void encode_residual_lpc(int32_t *res, const int32_t *smp, int n,
                                int order, const int32_t *coefs, int shift)
{
    int i;
    for(i=0; i<order; i++) {
        res[i] = smp[i];
    }
#ifdef CONFIG_SMALL
    for(i=order; i<n; i+=2) {
        int j;
        int s = smp[i];
        int p0 = 0, p1 = 0;
        for(j=0; j<order; j++) {
            int c = coefs[j];
            p1 += c*s;
            s = smp[i-j-1];
            p0 += c*s;
        }
        res[i  ] = smp[i  ] - (p0 >> shift);
        res[i+1] = smp[i+1] - (p1 >> shift);
    }
#else
    switch(order) {
        case  1: encode_residual_lpc_unrolled(res, smp, n, 1, coefs, shift, 0); break;
        case  2: encode_residual_lpc_unrolled(res, smp, n, 2, coefs, shift, 0); break;
        case  3: encode_residual_lpc_unrolled(res, smp, n, 3, coefs, shift, 0); break;
        case  4: encode_residual_lpc_unrolled(res, smp, n, 4, coefs, shift, 0); break;
        case  5: encode_residual_lpc_unrolled(res, smp, n, 5, coefs, shift, 0); break;
        case  6: encode_residual_lpc_unrolled(res, smp, n, 6, coefs, shift, 0); break;
        case  7: encode_residual_lpc_unrolled(res, smp, n, 7, coefs, shift, 0); break;
        case  8: encode_residual_lpc_unrolled(res, smp, n, 8, coefs, shift, 0); break;
        default: encode_residual_lpc_unrolled(res, smp, n, order, coefs, shift, 1); break;
    }
#endif
}

static int encode_residual(FlacEncodeContext *ctx, int ch)
{
    int i, n;
    int min_order, max_order, opt_order, precision, omethod;
    int min_porder, max_porder;
    FlacFrame *frame;
    FlacSubframe *sub;
    int32_t coefs[MAX_LPC_ORDER][MAX_LPC_ORDER];
    int shift[MAX_LPC_ORDER];
    int32_t *res, *smp;

    frame = &ctx->frame;
    sub = &frame->subframes[ch];
    res = sub->residual;
    smp = sub->samples;
    n = frame->blocksize;

    /* CONSTANT */
    for(i=1; i<n; i++) {
        if(smp[i] != smp[0]) break;
    }
    if(i == n) {
        sub->type = sub->type_code = FLAC_SUBFRAME_CONSTANT;
        res[0] = smp[0];
        return sub->obits;
    }

    /* VERBATIM */
    if(n < 5) {
        sub->type = sub->type_code = FLAC_SUBFRAME_VERBATIM;
        encode_residual_verbatim(res, smp, n);
        return sub->obits * n;
    }

    min_order = ctx->options.min_prediction_order;
    max_order = ctx->options.max_prediction_order;
    min_porder = ctx->options.min_partition_order;
    max_porder = ctx->options.max_partition_order;
    precision = ctx->options.lpc_coeff_precision;
    omethod = ctx->options.prediction_order_method;

    /* FIXED */
    if(!ctx->options.use_lpc || max_order == 0 || (n <= max_order)) {
        uint32_t bits[MAX_FIXED_ORDER+1];
        if(max_order > MAX_FIXED_ORDER) max_order = MAX_FIXED_ORDER;
        opt_order = 0;
        bits[0] = UINT32_MAX;
        for(i=min_order; i<=max_order; i++) {
            encode_residual_fixed(res, smp, n, i);
            bits[i] = calc_rice_params_fixed(&sub->rc, min_porder, max_porder, res,
                                             n, i, sub->obits);
            if(bits[i] < bits[opt_order]) {
                opt_order = i;
            }
        }
        sub->order = opt_order;
        sub->type = FLAC_SUBFRAME_FIXED;
        sub->type_code = sub->type | sub->order;
        if(sub->order != max_order) {
            encode_residual_fixed(res, smp, n, sub->order);
            return calc_rice_params_fixed(&sub->rc, min_porder, max_porder, res, n,
                                          sub->order, sub->obits);
        }
        return bits[sub->order];
    }

    /* LPC */
    opt_order = lpc_calc_coefs(ctx, smp, n, max_order, precision, coefs, shift, ctx->options.use_lpc, omethod);

    if(omethod == ORDER_METHOD_2LEVEL ||
       omethod == ORDER_METHOD_4LEVEL ||
       omethod == ORDER_METHOD_8LEVEL) {
        int levels = 1 << omethod;
        uint32_t bits[levels];
        int order;
        int opt_index = levels-1;
        opt_order = max_order-1;
        bits[opt_index] = UINT32_MAX;
        for(i=levels-1; i>=0; i--) {
            order = min_order + (((max_order-min_order+1) * (i+1)) / levels)-1;
            if(order < 0) order = 0;
            encode_residual_lpc(res, smp, n, order+1, coefs[order], shift[order]);
            bits[i] = calc_rice_params_lpc(&sub->rc, min_porder, max_porder,
                                           res, n, order+1, sub->obits, precision);
            if(bits[i] < bits[opt_index]) {
                opt_index = i;
                opt_order = order;
            }
        }
        opt_order++;
    } else if(omethod == ORDER_METHOD_SEARCH) {
        // brute-force optimal order search
        uint32_t bits[MAX_LPC_ORDER];
        opt_order = 0;
        bits[0] = UINT32_MAX;
        for(i=min_order-1; i<max_order; i++) {
            encode_residual_lpc(res, smp, n, i+1, coefs[i], shift[i]);
            bits[i] = calc_rice_params_lpc(&sub->rc, min_porder, max_porder,
                                           res, n, i+1, sub->obits, precision);
            if(bits[i] < bits[opt_order]) {
                opt_order = i;
            }
        }
        opt_order++;
    } else if(omethod == ORDER_METHOD_LOG) {
        uint32_t bits[MAX_LPC_ORDER];
        int step;

        opt_order= min_order - 1 + (max_order-min_order)/3;
        memset(bits, -1, sizeof(bits));

        for(step=16 ;step; step>>=1){
            int last= opt_order;
            for(i=last-step; i<=last+step; i+= step){
                if(i<min_order-1 || i>=max_order || bits[i] < UINT32_MAX)
                    continue;
                encode_residual_lpc(res, smp, n, i+1, coefs[i], shift[i]);
                bits[i] = calc_rice_params_lpc(&sub->rc, min_porder, max_porder,
                                            res, n, i+1, sub->obits, precision);
                if(bits[i] < bits[opt_order])
                    opt_order= i;
            }
        }
        opt_order++;
    }

    sub->order = opt_order;
    sub->type = FLAC_SUBFRAME_LPC;
    sub->type_code = sub->type | (sub->order-1);
    sub->shift = shift[sub->order-1];
    for(i=0; i<sub->order; i++) {
        sub->coefs[i] = coefs[sub->order-1][i];
    }
    encode_residual_lpc(res, smp, n, sub->order, sub->coefs, sub->shift);
    return calc_rice_params_lpc(&sub->rc, min_porder, max_porder, res, n, sub->order,
                                sub->obits, precision);
}

static int encode_residual_v(FlacEncodeContext *ctx, int ch)
{
    int i, n;
    FlacFrame *frame;
    FlacSubframe *sub;
    int32_t *res, *smp;

    frame = &ctx->frame;
    sub = &frame->subframes[ch];
    res = sub->residual;
    smp = sub->samples;
    n = frame->blocksize;

    /* CONSTANT */
    for(i=1; i<n; i++) {
        if(smp[i] != smp[0]) break;
    }
    if(i == n) {
        sub->type = sub->type_code = FLAC_SUBFRAME_CONSTANT;
        res[0] = smp[0];
        return sub->obits;
    }

    /* VERBATIM */
    sub->type = sub->type_code = FLAC_SUBFRAME_VERBATIM;
    encode_residual_verbatim(res, smp, n);
    return sub->obits * n;
}

static int estimate_stereo_mode(int32_t *left_ch, int32_t *right_ch, int n)
{
    int i, best;
    int32_t lt, rt;
    uint64_t sum[4];
    uint64_t score[4];
    int k;

    /* calculate sum of 2nd order residual for each channel */
    sum[0] = sum[1] = sum[2] = sum[3] = 0;
    for(i=2; i<n; i++) {
        lt = left_ch[i] - 2*left_ch[i-1] + left_ch[i-2];
        rt = right_ch[i] - 2*right_ch[i-1] + right_ch[i-2];
        sum[2] += FFABS((lt + rt) >> 1);
        sum[3] += FFABS(lt - rt);
        sum[0] += FFABS(lt);
        sum[1] += FFABS(rt);
    }
    /* estimate bit counts */
    for(i=0; i<4; i++) {
        k = find_optimal_param(2*sum[i], n);
        sum[i] = rice_encode_count(2*sum[i], n, k);
    }

    /* calculate score for each mode */
    score[0] = sum[0] + sum[1];
    score[1] = sum[0] + sum[3];
    score[2] = sum[1] + sum[3];
    score[3] = sum[2] + sum[3];

    /* return mode with lowest score */
    best = 0;
    for(i=1; i<4; i++) {
        if(score[i] < score[best]) {
            best = i;
        }
    }
    if(best == 0) {
        return FLAC_CHMODE_LEFT_RIGHT;
    } else if(best == 1) {
        return FLAC_CHMODE_LEFT_SIDE;
    } else if(best == 2) {
        return FLAC_CHMODE_RIGHT_SIDE;
    } else {
        return FLAC_CHMODE_MID_SIDE;
    }
}

/**
 * Perform stereo channel decorrelation
 */
static void channel_decorrelation(FlacEncodeContext *ctx)
{
    FlacFrame *frame;
    int32_t *left, *right;
    int i, n;

    frame = &ctx->frame;
    n = frame->blocksize;
    left  = frame->subframes[0].samples;
    right = frame->subframes[1].samples;

    if(ctx->channels != 2) {
        frame->ch_mode = FLAC_CHMODE_NOT_STEREO;
        return;
    }

    frame->ch_mode = estimate_stereo_mode(left, right, n);

    /* perform decorrelation and adjust bits-per-sample */
    if(frame->ch_mode == FLAC_CHMODE_LEFT_RIGHT) {
        return;
    }
    if(frame->ch_mode == FLAC_CHMODE_MID_SIDE) {
        int32_t tmp;
        for(i=0; i<n; i++) {
            tmp = left[i];
            left[i] = (tmp + right[i]) >> 1;
            right[i] = tmp - right[i];
        }
        frame->subframes[1].obits++;
    } else if(frame->ch_mode == FLAC_CHMODE_LEFT_SIDE) {
        for(i=0; i<n; i++) {
            right[i] = left[i] - right[i];
        }
        frame->subframes[1].obits++;
    } else {
        for(i=0; i<n; i++) {
            left[i] -= right[i];
        }
        frame->subframes[0].obits++;
    }
}

static void put_sbits(PutBitContext *pb, int bits, int32_t val)
{
    assert(bits >= 0 && bits <= 31);

    put_bits(pb, bits, val & ((1<<bits)-1));
}

static void write_utf8(PutBitContext *pb, uint32_t val)
{
    uint8_t tmp;
    PUT_UTF8(val, tmp, put_bits(pb, 8, tmp);)
}

static void output_frame_header(FlacEncodeContext *s)
{
    FlacFrame *frame;
    int crc;

    frame = &s->frame;

    put_bits(&s->pb, 16, 0xFFF8);
    put_bits(&s->pb, 4, frame->bs_code[0]);
    put_bits(&s->pb, 4, s->sr_code[0]);
    if(frame->ch_mode == FLAC_CHMODE_NOT_STEREO) {
        put_bits(&s->pb, 4, s->ch_code);
    } else {
        put_bits(&s->pb, 4, frame->ch_mode);
    }
    put_bits(&s->pb, 3, 4); /* bits-per-sample code */
    put_bits(&s->pb, 1, 0);
    write_utf8(&s->pb, s->frame_count);
    if(frame->bs_code[0] == 6) {
        put_bits(&s->pb, 8, frame->bs_code[1]);
    } else if(frame->bs_code[0] == 7) {
        put_bits(&s->pb, 16, frame->bs_code[1]);
    }
    if(s->sr_code[0] == 12) {
        put_bits(&s->pb, 8, s->sr_code[1]);
    } else if(s->sr_code[0] > 12) {
        put_bits(&s->pb, 16, s->sr_code[1]);
    }
    flush_put_bits(&s->pb);
    crc = av_crc(av_crc_get_table(AV_CRC_8_ATM), 0,
                 s->pb.buf, put_bits_count(&s->pb)>>3);
    put_bits(&s->pb, 8, crc);
}

static void output_subframe_constant(FlacEncodeContext *s, int ch)
{
    FlacSubframe *sub;
    int32_t res;

    sub = &s->frame.subframes[ch];
    res = sub->residual[0];
    put_sbits(&s->pb, sub->obits, res);
}

static void output_subframe_verbatim(FlacEncodeContext *s, int ch)
{
    int i;
    FlacFrame *frame;
    FlacSubframe *sub;
    int32_t res;

    frame = &s->frame;
    sub = &frame->subframes[ch];

    for(i=0; i<frame->blocksize; i++) {
        res = sub->residual[i];
        put_sbits(&s->pb, sub->obits, res);
    }
}

static void output_residual(FlacEncodeContext *ctx, int ch)
{
    int i, j, p, n, parts;
    int k, porder, psize, res_cnt;
    FlacFrame *frame;
    FlacSubframe *sub;
    int32_t *res;

    frame = &ctx->frame;
    sub = &frame->subframes[ch];
    res = sub->residual;
    n = frame->blocksize;

    /* rice-encoded block */
    put_bits(&ctx->pb, 2, 0);

    /* partition order */
    porder = sub->rc.porder;
    psize = n >> porder;
    parts = (1 << porder);
    put_bits(&ctx->pb, 4, porder);
    res_cnt = psize - sub->order;

    /* residual */
    j = sub->order;
    for(p=0; p<parts; p++) {
        k = sub->rc.params[p];
        put_bits(&ctx->pb, 4, k);
        if(p == 1) res_cnt = psize;
        for(i=0; i<res_cnt && j<n; i++, j++) {
            set_sr_golomb_flac(&ctx->pb, res[j], k, INT32_MAX, 0);
        }
    }
}

static void output_subframe_fixed(FlacEncodeContext *ctx, int ch)
{
    int i;
    FlacFrame *frame;
    FlacSubframe *sub;

    frame = &ctx->frame;
    sub = &frame->subframes[ch];

    /* warm-up samples */
    for(i=0; i<sub->order; i++) {
        put_sbits(&ctx->pb, sub->obits, sub->residual[i]);
    }

    /* residual */
    output_residual(ctx, ch);
}

static void output_subframe_lpc(FlacEncodeContext *ctx, int ch)
{
    int i, cbits;
    FlacFrame *frame;
    FlacSubframe *sub;

    frame = &ctx->frame;
    sub = &frame->subframes[ch];

    /* warm-up samples */
    for(i=0; i<sub->order; i++) {
        put_sbits(&ctx->pb, sub->obits, sub->residual[i]);
    }

    /* LPC coefficients */
    cbits = ctx->options.lpc_coeff_precision;
    put_bits(&ctx->pb, 4, cbits-1);
    put_sbits(&ctx->pb, 5, sub->shift);
    for(i=0; i<sub->order; i++) {
        put_sbits(&ctx->pb, cbits, sub->coefs[i]);
    }

    /* residual */
    output_residual(ctx, ch);
}

static void output_subframes(FlacEncodeContext *s)
{
    FlacFrame *frame;
    FlacSubframe *sub;
    int ch;

    frame = &s->frame;

    for(ch=0; ch<s->channels; ch++) {
        sub = &frame->subframes[ch];

        /* subframe header */
        put_bits(&s->pb, 1, 0);
        put_bits(&s->pb, 6, sub->type_code);
        put_bits(&s->pb, 1, 0); /* no wasted bits */

        /* subframe */
        if(sub->type == FLAC_SUBFRAME_CONSTANT) {
            output_subframe_constant(s, ch);
        } else if(sub->type == FLAC_SUBFRAME_VERBATIM) {
            output_subframe_verbatim(s, ch);
        } else if(sub->type == FLAC_SUBFRAME_FIXED) {
            output_subframe_fixed(s, ch);
        } else if(sub->type == FLAC_SUBFRAME_LPC) {
            output_subframe_lpc(s, ch);
        }
    }
}

static void output_frame_footer(FlacEncodeContext *s)
{
    int crc;
    flush_put_bits(&s->pb);
    crc = bswap_16(av_crc(av_crc_get_table(AV_CRC_16_ANSI), 0,
                          s->pb.buf, put_bits_count(&s->pb)>>3));
    put_bits(&s->pb, 16, crc);
    flush_put_bits(&s->pb);
}

static int flac_encode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx, uint8_t *frame,
                             int buf_size, void *data)
{
    int ch;
    FlacEncodeContext *s;
    int16_t *samples = data;
    int out_bytes;

    s = avctx->priv_data;

    init_frame(s);

    copy_samples(s, samples);

    channel_decorrelation(s);

    for(ch=0; ch<s->channels; ch++) {
        encode_residual(s, ch);
    }
    init_put_bits(&s->pb, frame, buf_size);
    output_frame_header(s);
    output_subframes(s);
    output_frame_footer(s);
    out_bytes = put_bits_count(&s->pb) >> 3;

    if(out_bytes > s->max_framesize || out_bytes >= buf_size) {
        /* frame too large. use verbatim mode */
        for(ch=0; ch<s->channels; ch++) {
            encode_residual_v(s, ch);
        }
        init_put_bits(&s->pb, frame, buf_size);
        output_frame_header(s);
        output_subframes(s);
        output_frame_footer(s);
        out_bytes = put_bits_count(&s->pb) >> 3;

        if(out_bytes > s->max_framesize || out_bytes >= buf_size) {
            /* still too large. must be an error. */
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "error encoding frame\n");
            return -1;
        }
    }

    s->frame_count++;
    return out_bytes;
}

static av_cold int flac_encode_close(AVCodecContext *avctx)
{
    av_freep(&avctx->extradata);
    avctx->extradata_size = 0;
    av_freep(&avctx->coded_frame);
    return 0;
}

AVCodec flac_encoder = {
    "flac",
    CODEC_TYPE_AUDIO,
    CODEC_ID_FLAC,
    sizeof(FlacEncodeContext),
    flac_encode_init,
    flac_encode_frame,
    flac_encode_close,
    NULL,
    .capabilities = CODEC_CAP_SMALL_LAST_FRAME,
    .long_name = "FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec)",
};