comparison flacenc.c @ 3385:340e5d35b326 libavcodec

flac-lpc patch by (Justin Ruggles jruggle earthlink net) tabs removed and regression.sh fixed (it was missing in the patch) by me

3384:573fed4bf20f

#define FLAC_CHMODE_LEFT_RIGHT      1
#define FLAC_CHMODE_LEFT_SIDE       8
#define FLAC_CHMODE_RIGHT_SIDE      9
#define FLAC_CHMODE_MID_SIDE       10

#define FLAC_STREAMINFO_SIZE  34

typedef struct RiceContext {
    int porder;
    int params[256];
} RiceContext;

typedef struct FlacSubframe {
    int type;
    int type_code;
    int obits;
    int order;
    RiceContext rc;
    int32_t samples[FLAC_MAX_BLOCKSIZE];
    int32_t residual[FLAC_MAX_BLOCKSIZE];
} FlacSubframe;

    int sr_code[2];
    int blocksize;
    int max_framesize;
    uint32_t frame_count;
    FlacFrame frame;
    AVCodecContext *avctx;
} FlacEncodeContext;

static const int flac_samplerates[16] = {
    0, 0, 0, 0,

    flush_put_bits(&pb);
    /* total samples = 0 */
    /* MD5 signature = 0 */
}

#define BLOCK_TIME_MS 27

/**
 * Sets blocksize based on samplerate
 * Chooses the closest predefined blocksize >= BLOCK_TIME_MS milliseconds
 */
static int select_blocksize(int samplerate)
{
    int i;
    int target;
    int blocksize;

    assert(samplerate > 0);
    blocksize = flac_blocksizes[1];
    target = (samplerate * BLOCK_TIME_MS) / 1000;
    for(i=0; i<16; i++) {
        if(target >= flac_blocksizes[i] && flac_blocksizes[i] > blocksize) {
            blocksize = flac_blocksizes[i];
        }
    }

            return -1;
        }
        s->samplerate = freq;
    }

    s->blocksize = select_blocksize(s->samplerate);
    avctx->frame_size = s->blocksize;

    /* set maximum encoded frame size in verbatim mode */
    if(s->channels == 2) {
        s->max_framesize = 14 + ((s->blocksize * 33 + 7) >> 3);
    } else {

#define rice_encode_count(sum, n, k) (((n)*((k)+1))+((sum-(n>>1))>>(k)))

static int find_optimal_param(uint32_t sum, int n)
{
    int k, k_opt;
    uint32_t nbits, nbits_opt;

    k_opt = 0;
    nbits_opt = rice_encode_count(sum, n, 0);
    for(k=1; k<=14; k++) {
        nbits = rice_encode_count(sum, n, k);
        if(nbits < nbits_opt) {
            nbits_opt = nbits;
            k_opt = k;
        }
    }
    return k_opt;
}

    rc->porder = porder;

    return all_bits;
}

static void calc_sums(int pmax, uint32_t *data, int n, int pred_order,
                      uint32_t sums[][256])
{
    int i, j;
    int parts;
    uint32_t *res, *res_end;

            sums[pmax][i] += *(res++);
        }
        res_end+= n >> pmax;
    }
    /* sums for lower levels */
    for(i=pmax-1; i>=0; i--) {
        parts = (1 << i);
        for(j=0; j<parts; j++) {
            sums[i][j] = sums[i+1][2*j] + sums[i+1][2*j+1];
        }
    }
}

static uint32_t calc_rice_params(RiceContext *rc, int pmax, int32_t *data,
                                 int n, int pred_order)
{
    int i;
    uint32_t bits, opt_bits;
    int opt_porder;
    RiceContext opt_rc;
    uint32_t *udata;
    uint32_t sums[9][256];

    assert(pmax >= 0 && pmax <= 8);

    udata = av_malloc(n * sizeof(uint32_t));
    for(i=0; i<n; i++) {
        udata[i] = (2*data[i]) ^ (data[i]>>31);
    }

    calc_sums(pmax, udata, n, pred_order, sums);

    opt_porder = 0;
    opt_bits = UINT32_MAX;
    for(i=0; i<=pmax; i++) {
        bits = calc_optimal_rice_params(rc, i, sums[i], n, pred_order);
        if(bits < opt_bits) {
            opt_bits = bits;
            opt_porder = i;
            memcpy(&opt_rc, rc, sizeof(RiceContext));
        }
    }
    if(opt_porder != pmax) {
        memcpy(rc, &opt_rc, sizeof(RiceContext));
    }

    av_freep(&udata);
    return opt_bits;
}

static uint32_t calc_rice_params_fixed(RiceContext *rc, int pmax, int32_t *data,
                                       int n, int pred_order, int bps)
{
    uint32_t bits;
    bits = pred_order*bps + 6;
    bits += calc_rice_params(rc, pmax, data, n, pred_order);
    return bits;
}

static void encode_residual_verbatim(int32_t *res, int32_t *smp, int n)
{
    assert(n > 0);
    memcpy(res, smp, n * sizeof(int32_t));
}

static void encode_residual_fixed(int32_t *res, int32_t *smp, int n, int order)
{
    int i;

    for(i=0; i<order; i++) {
        res[i] = smp[i];

        for(i=order; i<n; i++)
            res[i]= smp[i] - 4*smp[i-1] + 6*smp[i-2] - 4*smp[i-3] + smp[i-4];
    }
}

static int get_max_p_order(int max_porder, int n, int order)
{
    int porder, max_parts;

    porder = max_porder;

    return porder;
}

static int encode_residual(FlacEncodeContext *ctx, int ch)
{
    int i, opt_order, porder, max_porder, n;
    FlacFrame *frame;
    FlacSubframe *sub;
    uint32_t bits[5];
    int32_t *res, *smp;

    frame = &ctx->frame;
    sub = &frame->subframes[ch];
    res = sub->residual;

        sub->type = sub->type_code = FLAC_SUBFRAME_VERBATIM;
        encode_residual_verbatim(res, smp, n);
        return sub->obits * n;
    }

    max_porder = 3;

    /* FIXED */
    opt_order = 0;
    bits[0] = UINT32_MAX;
    for(i=0; i<=4; i++) {
        encode_residual_fixed(res, smp, n, i);
        porder = get_max_p_order(max_porder, n, i);
        bits[i] = calc_rice_params_fixed(&sub->rc, porder, res, n, i, sub->obits);
        if(bits[i] < bits[opt_order]) {
            opt_order = i;
        }
    }
    sub->order = opt_order;
    sub->type = FLAC_SUBFRAME_FIXED;
    sub->type_code = sub->type | sub->order;
    if(sub->order != 4) {
        encode_residual_fixed(res, smp, n, sub->order);
        porder = get_max_p_order(max_porder, n, sub->order);
        calc_rice_params_fixed(&sub->rc, porder, res, n, sub->order, sub->obits);
    }
    return bits[sub->order];
}

static int encode_residual_v(FlacEncodeContext *ctx, int ch)
{
    int i, n;

    int32_t lt, rt;
    uint64_t sum[4];
    uint64_t score[4];
    int k;

    /* calculate sum of squares for each channel */
    sum[0] = sum[1] = sum[2] = sum[3] = 0;
    for(i=2; i<n; i++) {
        lt = left_ch[i] - 2*left_ch[i-1] + left_ch[i-2];
        rt = right_ch[i] - 2*right_ch[i-1] + right_ch[i-2];
        sum[2] += ABS((lt + rt) >> 1);
        sum[3] += ABS(lt - rt);
        sum[0] += ABS(lt);
        sum[1] += ABS(rt);
    }
    for(i=0; i<4; i++) {
        k = find_optimal_param(2*sum[i], n);
        sum[i] = rice_encode_count(2*sum[i], n, k);
    }

    /* residual */
    output_residual(ctx, ch);
}

static void output_subframes(FlacEncodeContext *s)
{
    FlacFrame *frame;
    FlacSubframe *sub;
    int ch;

            output_subframe_constant(s, ch);
        } else if(sub->type == FLAC_SUBFRAME_VERBATIM) {
            output_subframe_verbatim(s, ch);
        } else if(sub->type == FLAC_SUBFRAME_FIXED) {
            output_subframe_fixed(s, ch);
        }
    }
}

static void output_frame_footer(FlacEncodeContext *s)

3385:340e5d35b326

#define FLAC_CHMODE_LEFT_RIGHT      1
#define FLAC_CHMODE_LEFT_SIDE       8
#define FLAC_CHMODE_RIGHT_SIDE      9
#define FLAC_CHMODE_MID_SIDE       10

#define ORDER_METHOD_EST     0
#define ORDER_METHOD_2LEVEL  1
#define ORDER_METHOD_4LEVEL  2
#define ORDER_METHOD_8LEVEL  3
#define ORDER_METHOD_SEARCH  4

#define FLAC_STREAMINFO_SIZE  34

#define MIN_LPC_ORDER       1
#define MAX_LPC_ORDER      32
#define MAX_FIXED_ORDER     4
#define MAX_PARTITION_ORDER 8
#define MAX_PARTITIONS     (1 << MAX_PARTITION_ORDER)
#define MAX_LPC_PRECISION  15
#define MAX_LPC_SHIFT      15
#define MAX_RICE_PARAM     14

typedef struct CompressionOptions {
    int compression_level;
    int block_time_ms;
    int use_lpc;
    int lpc_coeff_precision;
    int min_prediction_order;
    int max_prediction_order;
    int prediction_order_method;
    int min_partition_order;
    int max_partition_order;
} CompressionOptions;

typedef struct RiceContext {
    int porder;
    int params[MAX_PARTITIONS];
} RiceContext;

typedef struct FlacSubframe {
    int type;
    int type_code;
    int obits;
    int order;
    int32_t coefs[MAX_LPC_ORDER];
    int shift;
    RiceContext rc;
    int32_t samples[FLAC_MAX_BLOCKSIZE];
    int32_t residual[FLAC_MAX_BLOCKSIZE];
} FlacSubframe;

    int sr_code[2];
    int blocksize;
    int max_framesize;
    uint32_t frame_count;
    FlacFrame frame;
    CompressionOptions options;
    AVCodecContext *avctx;
} FlacEncodeContext;

static const int flac_samplerates[16] = {
    0, 0, 0, 0,

    flush_put_bits(&pb);
    /* total samples = 0 */
    /* MD5 signature = 0 */
}

/**
 * Sets blocksize based on samplerate
 * Chooses the closest predefined blocksize >= BLOCK_TIME_MS milliseconds
 */
static int select_blocksize(int samplerate, int block_time_ms)
{
    int i;
    int target;
    int blocksize;

    assert(samplerate > 0);
    blocksize = flac_blocksizes[1];
    target = (samplerate * block_time_ms) / 1000;
    for(i=0; i<16; i++) {
        if(target >= flac_blocksizes[i] && flac_blocksizes[i] > blocksize) {
            blocksize = flac_blocksizes[i];
        }
    }

            return -1;
        }
        s->samplerate = freq;
    }

    /* set compression option defaults based on avctx->compression_level */
    if(avctx->compression_level < 0) {
        s->options.compression_level = 5;
    } else {
        s->options.compression_level = avctx->compression_level;
    }
    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " compression: %d\n", s->options.compression_level);

    if(s->options.compression_level == 0) {
        s->options.block_time_ms = 27;
        s->options.use_lpc = 0;
        s->options.min_prediction_order = 2;
        s->options.max_prediction_order = 3;
        s->options.prediction_order_method = ORDER_METHOD_EST;
        s->options.min_partition_order = 2;
        s->options.max_partition_order = 2;
    } else if(s->options.compression_level == 1) {
        s->options.block_time_ms = 27;
        s->options.use_lpc = 0;
        s->options.min_prediction_order = 0;
        s->options.max_prediction_order = 4;
        s->options.prediction_order_method = ORDER_METHOD_EST;
        s->options.min_partition_order = 2;
        s->options.max_partition_order = 2;
    } else if(s->options.compression_level == 2) {
        s->options.block_time_ms = 27;
        s->options.use_lpc = 0;
        s->options.min_prediction_order = 0;
        s->options.max_prediction_order = 4;
        s->options.prediction_order_method = ORDER_METHOD_EST;
        s->options.min_partition_order = 0;
        s->options.max_partition_order = 3;
    } else if(s->options.compression_level == 3) {
        s->options.block_time_ms = 105;
        s->options.use_lpc = 1;
        s->options.min_prediction_order = 1;
        s->options.max_prediction_order = 6;
        s->options.prediction_order_method = ORDER_METHOD_EST;
        s->options.min_partition_order = 0;
        s->options.max_partition_order = 3;
    } else if(s->options.compression_level == 4) {
        s->options.block_time_ms = 105;
        s->options.use_lpc = 1;
        s->options.min_prediction_order = 1;
        s->options.max_prediction_order = 8;
        s->options.prediction_order_method = ORDER_METHOD_EST;
        s->options.min_partition_order = 0;
        s->options.max_partition_order = 3;
    } else if(s->options.compression_level == 5) {
        s->options.block_time_ms = 105;
        s->options.use_lpc = 1;
        s->options.min_prediction_order = 1;
        s->options.max_prediction_order = 8;
        s->options.prediction_order_method = ORDER_METHOD_EST;
        s->options.min_partition_order = 0;
        s->options.max_partition_order = 8;
    } else {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "invalid compression level: %d\n",
               s->options.compression_level);
        return -1;
    }

    /* set compression option overrides from AVCodecContext */
    if(avctx->use_lpc >= 0) {
        s->options.use_lpc = !!avctx->use_lpc;
    }
    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " use lpc: %s\n",
           s->options.use_lpc? "yes" : "no");

    if(avctx->min_prediction_order >= 0) {
        if(s->options.use_lpc) {
            if(avctx->min_prediction_order < MIN_LPC_ORDER ||
                    avctx->min_prediction_order > MAX_LPC_ORDER) {
                av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "invalid min prediction order: %d\n",
                       avctx->min_prediction_order);
                return -1;
            }
        } else {
            if(avctx->min_prediction_order > MAX_FIXED_ORDER) {
                av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "invalid min prediction order: %d\n",
                       avctx->min_prediction_order);
                return -1;
            }
        }
        s->options.min_prediction_order = avctx->min_prediction_order;
    }
    if(avctx->max_prediction_order >= 0) {
        if(s->options.use_lpc) {
            if(avctx->max_prediction_order < MIN_LPC_ORDER ||
                    avctx->max_prediction_order > MAX_LPC_ORDER) {
                av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "invalid max prediction order: %d\n",
                       avctx->max_prediction_order);
                return -1;
            }
        } else {
            if(avctx->max_prediction_order > MAX_FIXED_ORDER) {
                av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "invalid max prediction order: %d\n",
                       avctx->max_prediction_order);
                return -1;
            }
        }
        s->options.max_prediction_order = avctx->max_prediction_order;
    }
    if(s->options.max_prediction_order < s->options.min_prediction_order) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "invalid prediction orders: min=%d max=%d\n",
               s->options.min_prediction_order, s->options.max_prediction_order);
        return -1;
    }
    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " prediction order: %d, %d\n",
           s->options.min_prediction_order, s->options.max_prediction_order);

    if(avctx->prediction_order_method >= 0) {
        if(avctx->prediction_order_method > ORDER_METHOD_SEARCH) {
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "invalid prediction order method: %d\n",
                   avctx->prediction_order_method);
            return -1;
        }
        s->options.prediction_order_method = avctx->prediction_order_method;
    }
    switch(avctx->prediction_order_method) {
        case ORDER_METHOD_EST:    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " order method: %s\n",
                                         "estimate"); break;
        case ORDER_METHOD_2LEVEL: av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " order method: %s\n",
                                         "2-level"); break;
        case ORDER_METHOD_4LEVEL: av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " order method: %s\n",
                                         "4-level"); break;
        case ORDER_METHOD_8LEVEL: av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " order method: %s\n",
                                         "8-level"); break;
        case ORDER_METHOD_SEARCH: av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " order method: %s\n",
                                         "full search"); break;
    }

    if(avctx->min_partition_order >= 0) {
        if(avctx->min_partition_order > MAX_PARTITION_ORDER) {
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "invalid min partition order: %d\n",
                   avctx->min_partition_order);
            return -1;
        }
        s->options.min_partition_order = avctx->min_partition_order;
    }
    if(avctx->max_partition_order >= 0) {
        if(avctx->max_partition_order > MAX_PARTITION_ORDER) {
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "invalid max partition order: %d\n",
                   avctx->max_partition_order);
            return -1;
        }
        s->options.max_partition_order = avctx->max_partition_order;
    }
    if(s->options.max_partition_order < s->options.min_partition_order) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "invalid partition orders: min=%d max=%d\n",
               s->options.min_partition_order, s->options.max_partition_order);
        return -1;
    }
    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " partition order: %d, %d\n",
           s->options.min_partition_order, s->options.max_partition_order);

    if(avctx->frame_size > 0) {
        if(avctx->frame_size < FLAC_MIN_BLOCKSIZE ||
                avctx->frame_size > FLAC_MIN_BLOCKSIZE) {
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "invalid block size: %d\n",
                   avctx->frame_size);
            return -1;
        }
        s->blocksize = avctx->frame_size;
    } else {
        s->blocksize = select_blocksize(s->samplerate, s->options.block_time_ms);
        avctx->frame_size = s->blocksize;
    }
    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " block size: %d\n", s->blocksize);

    /* set LPC precision */
    if(avctx->lpc_coeff_precision > 0) {
        if(avctx->lpc_coeff_precision > MAX_LPC_PRECISION) {
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "invalid lpc coeff precision: %d\n",
                   avctx->lpc_coeff_precision);
            return -1;
        }
        s->options.lpc_coeff_precision = avctx->lpc_coeff_precision;
    } else {
        /* select LPC precision based on block size */
        if(     s->blocksize <=   192) s->options.lpc_coeff_precision =  7;
        else if(s->blocksize <=   384) s->options.lpc_coeff_precision =  8;
        else if(s->blocksize <=   576) s->options.lpc_coeff_precision =  9;
        else if(s->blocksize <=  1152) s->options.lpc_coeff_precision = 10;
        else if(s->blocksize <=  2304) s->options.lpc_coeff_precision = 11;
        else if(s->blocksize <=  4608) s->options.lpc_coeff_precision = 12;
        else if(s->blocksize <=  8192) s->options.lpc_coeff_precision = 13;
        else if(s->blocksize <= 16384) s->options.lpc_coeff_precision = 14;
        else                           s->options.lpc_coeff_precision = 15;
    }
    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " lpc precision: %d\n",
           s->options.lpc_coeff_precision);

    /* set maximum encoded frame size in verbatim mode */
    if(s->channels == 2) {
        s->max_framesize = 14 + ((s->blocksize * 33 + 7) >> 3);
    } else {

#define rice_encode_count(sum, n, k) (((n)*((k)+1))+((sum-(n>>1))>>(k)))

static int find_optimal_param(uint32_t sum, int n)
{
    int k, k_opt;
    uint32_t nbits[MAX_RICE_PARAM+1];

    k_opt = 0;
    nbits[0] = UINT32_MAX;
    for(k=0; k<=MAX_RICE_PARAM; k++) {
        nbits[k] = rice_encode_count(sum, n, k);
        if(nbits[k] < nbits[k_opt]) {
            k_opt = k;
        }
    }
    return k_opt;
}

    rc->porder = porder;

    return all_bits;
}

static void calc_sums(int pmin, int pmax, uint32_t *data, int n, int pred_order,
                      uint32_t sums[][MAX_PARTITIONS])
{
    int i, j;
    int parts;
    uint32_t *res, *res_end;

            sums[pmax][i] += *(res++);
        }
        res_end+= n >> pmax;
    }
    /* sums for lower levels */
    for(i=pmax-1; i>=pmin; i--) {
        parts = (1 << i);
        for(j=0; j<parts; j++) {
            sums[i][j] = sums[i+1][2*j] + sums[i+1][2*j+1];
        }
    }
}

static uint32_t calc_rice_params(RiceContext *rc, int pmin, int pmax,
                                 int32_t *data, int n, int pred_order)
{
    int i;
    uint32_t bits[MAX_PARTITION_ORDER+1];
    int opt_porder;
    RiceContext tmp_rc;
    uint32_t *udata;
    uint32_t sums[MAX_PARTITION_ORDER+1][MAX_PARTITIONS];

    assert(pmin >= 0 && pmin <= MAX_PARTITION_ORDER);
    assert(pmax >= 0 && pmax <= MAX_PARTITION_ORDER);
    assert(pmin <= pmax);

    udata = av_malloc(n * sizeof(uint32_t));
    for(i=0; i<n; i++) {
        udata[i] = (2*data[i]) ^ (data[i]>>31);
    }

    calc_sums(pmin, pmax, udata, n, pred_order, sums);

    opt_porder = pmin;
    bits[pmin] = UINT32_MAX;
    for(i=pmin; i<=pmax; i++) {
        bits[i] = calc_optimal_rice_params(&tmp_rc, i, sums[i], n, pred_order);
        if(bits[i] <= bits[opt_porder]) {
            opt_porder = i;
            memcpy(rc, &tmp_rc, sizeof(RiceContext));
        }
    }

    av_freep(&udata);
    return bits[opt_porder];
}

static uint32_t calc_rice_params_fixed(RiceContext *rc, int pmin, int pmax,
                                       int32_t *data, int n, int pred_order,
                                       int bps)
{
    uint32_t bits;
    bits = pred_order*bps + 6;
    bits += calc_rice_params(rc, pmin, pmax, data, n, pred_order);
    return bits;
}

static uint32_t calc_rice_params_lpc(RiceContext *rc, int pmin, int pmax,
                                     int32_t *data, int n, int pred_order,
                                     int bps, int precision)
{
    uint32_t bits;
    bits = pred_order*bps + 4 + 5 + pred_order*precision + 6;
    bits += calc_rice_params(rc, pmin, pmax, data, n, pred_order);
    return bits;
}

/**
 * Apply Welch window function to audio block
 */
static void apply_welch_window(const int32_t *data, int len, double *w_data)
{
    int i, n2;
    double w;
    double c;

    n2 = (len >> 1);
    c = 2.0 / (len - 1.0);
    for(i=0; i<n2; i++) {
        w = c - i - 1.0;
        w = 1.0 - (w * w);
        w_data[i] = data[i] * w;
        w_data[len-1-i] = data[len-1-i] * w;
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates autocorrelation data from audio samples
 * A Welch window function is applied before calculation.
 */
static void compute_autocorr(const int32_t *data, int len, int lag,
                             double *autoc)
{
    int i;
    double *data1;
    int lag_ptr, ptr;

    data1 = av_malloc(len * sizeof(double));
    apply_welch_window(data, len, data1);

    for(i=0; i<lag; i++) autoc[i] = 1.0;

    ptr = 0;
    while(ptr <= lag) {
        lag_ptr = 0;
        while(lag_ptr <= ptr) {
            autoc[ptr-lag_ptr] += data1[ptr] * data1[lag_ptr];
            lag_ptr++;
        }
        ptr++;
    }
    while(ptr < len) {
        lag_ptr = ptr - lag;
        while(lag_ptr <= ptr) {
            autoc[ptr-lag_ptr] += data1[ptr] * data1[lag_ptr];
            lag_ptr++;
        }
        ptr++;
    }

    av_freep(&data1);
}

/**
 * Levinson-Durbin recursion.
 * Produces LPC coefficients from autocorrelation data.
 */
static void compute_lpc_coefs(const double *autoc, int max_order,
                              double lpc[][MAX_LPC_ORDER], double *ref)
{
   int i, j, i2;
   double r, err, tmp;
   double lpc_tmp[MAX_LPC_ORDER];

   for(i=0; i<max_order; i++) lpc_tmp[i] = 0;
   err = autoc[0];

   for(i=0; i<max_order; i++) {
      r = -autoc[i+1];
      for(j=0; j<i; j++) {
          r -= lpc_tmp[j] * autoc[i-j];
      }
      r /= err;
      ref[i] = fabs(r);

      err *= 1.0 - (r * r);

      i2 = (i >> 1);
      lpc_tmp[i] = r;
      for(j=0; j<i2; j++) {
         tmp = lpc_tmp[j];
         lpc_tmp[j] += r * lpc_tmp[i-1-j];
         lpc_tmp[i-1-j] += r * tmp;
      }
      if(i & 1) {
          lpc_tmp[j] += lpc_tmp[j] * r;
      }

      for(j=0; j<=i; j++) {
          lpc[i][j] = -lpc_tmp[j];
      }
   }
}

/**
 * Quantize LPC coefficients
 */
static void quantize_lpc_coefs(double *lpc_in, int order, int precision,
                               int32_t *lpc_out, int *shift)
{
    int i;
    double d, cmax;
    int32_t qmax;
    int sh;

    /* define maximum levels */
    qmax = (1 << (precision - 1)) - 1;

    /* find maximum coefficient value */
    cmax = 0.0;
    for(i=0; i<order; i++) {
        d = lpc_in[i];
        if(d < 0) d = -d;
        if(d > cmax)
            cmax = d;
    }

    /* if maximum value quantizes to zero, return all zeros */
    if(cmax * (1 << MAX_LPC_SHIFT) < 1.0) {
        *shift = 0;
        for(i=0; i<order; i++) {
            lpc_out[i] = 0;
        }
        return;
    }

    /* calculate level shift which scales max coeff to available bits */
    sh = MAX_LPC_SHIFT;
    while((cmax * (1 << sh) > qmax) && (sh > 0)) {
        sh--;
    }

    /* since negative shift values are unsupported in decoder, scale down
       coefficients instead */
    if(sh == 0 && cmax > qmax) {
        double scale = ((double)qmax) / cmax;
        for(i=0; i<order; i++) {
            lpc_in[i] *= scale;
        }
    }

    /* output quantized coefficients and level shift */
    for(i=0; i<order; i++) {
        lpc_out[i] = (int32_t)(lpc_in[i] * (1 << sh));
    }
    *shift = sh;
}

static int estimate_best_order(double *ref, int max_order)
{
    int i, est;

    est = 1;
    for(i=max_order-1; i>=0; i--) {
        if(ref[i] > 0.10) {
            est = i+1;
            break;
        }
    }
    return est;
}

/**
 * Calculate LPC coefficients for multiple orders
 */
static int lpc_calc_coefs(const int32_t *samples, int blocksize, int max_order,
                          int precision, int32_t coefs[][MAX_LPC_ORDER],
                          int *shift)
{
    double autoc[MAX_LPC_ORDER+1];
    double ref[MAX_LPC_ORDER];
    double lpc[MAX_LPC_ORDER][MAX_LPC_ORDER];
    int i;
    int opt_order;

    assert(max_order >= MIN_LPC_ORDER && max_order <= MAX_LPC_ORDER);

    compute_autocorr(samples, blocksize, max_order+1, autoc);

    compute_lpc_coefs(autoc, max_order, lpc, ref);

    opt_order = estimate_best_order(ref, max_order);

    i = opt_order-1;
    quantize_lpc_coefs(lpc[i], i+1, precision, coefs[i], &shift[i]);

    return opt_order;
}


static void encode_residual_verbatim(int32_t *res, int32_t *smp, int n)
{
    assert(n > 0);
    memcpy(res, smp, n * sizeof(int32_t));
}

static void encode_residual_fixed(int32_t *res, const int32_t *smp, int n,
                                  int order)
{
    int i;

    for(i=0; i<order; i++) {
        res[i] = smp[i];

        for(i=order; i<n; i++)
            res[i]= smp[i] - 4*smp[i-1] + 6*smp[i-2] - 4*smp[i-3] + smp[i-4];
    }
}

static void encode_residual_lpc(int32_t *res, const int32_t *smp, int n,
                                int order, const int32_t *coefs, int shift)
{
    int i, j;
    int32_t pred;

    for(i=0; i<order; i++) {
        res[i] = smp[i];
    }
    for(i=order; i<n; i++) {
        pred = 0;
        for(j=0; j<order; j++) {
            pred += coefs[j] * smp[i-j-1];
        }
        res[i] = smp[i] - (pred >> shift);
    }
}

static int get_max_p_order(int max_porder, int n, int order)
{
    int porder, max_parts;

    porder = max_porder;

    return porder;
}

static int encode_residual(FlacEncodeContext *ctx, int ch)
{
    int i, n;
    int min_order, max_order, opt_order, precision;
    int porder, min_porder, max_porder;
    FlacFrame *frame;
    FlacSubframe *sub;
    int32_t coefs[MAX_LPC_ORDER][MAX_LPC_ORDER];
    int shift[MAX_LPC_ORDER];
    int32_t *res, *smp;

    frame = &ctx->frame;
    sub = &frame->subframes[ch];
    res = sub->residual;

        sub->type = sub->type_code = FLAC_SUBFRAME_VERBATIM;
        encode_residual_verbatim(res, smp, n);
        return sub->obits * n;
    }

    min_order = ctx->options.min_prediction_order;
    max_order = ctx->options.max_prediction_order;
    min_porder = ctx->options.min_partition_order;
    max_porder = ctx->options.max_partition_order;
    precision = ctx->options.lpc_coeff_precision;

    /* FIXED */
    if(!ctx->options.use_lpc || max_order == 0 || (n <= max_order)) {
        uint32_t bits[MAX_FIXED_ORDER+1];
        if(max_order > MAX_FIXED_ORDER) max_order = MAX_FIXED_ORDER;
        opt_order = 0;
        bits[0] = UINT32_MAX;
        for(i=min_order; i<=max_order; i++) {
            encode_residual_fixed(res, smp, n, i);
            porder = get_max_p_order(max_porder, n, i);
            bits[i] = calc_rice_params_fixed(&sub->rc, min_porder, porder, res,
                                             n, i, sub->obits);
            if(bits[i] < bits[opt_order]) {
                opt_order = i;
            }
        }
        sub->order = opt_order;
        sub->type = FLAC_SUBFRAME_FIXED;
        sub->type_code = sub->type | sub->order;
        if(sub->order != max_order) {
            encode_residual_fixed(res, smp, n, sub->order);
            porder = get_max_p_order(max_porder, n, sub->order);
            return calc_rice_params_fixed(&sub->rc, min_porder, porder, res, n,
                                          sub->order, sub->obits);
        }
        return bits[sub->order];
    }

    /* LPC */
    sub->order = lpc_calc_coefs(smp, n, max_order, precision, coefs, shift);
    sub->type = FLAC_SUBFRAME_LPC;
    sub->type_code = sub->type | (sub->order-1);
    sub->shift = shift[sub->order-1];
    for(i=0; i<sub->order; i++) {
        sub->coefs[i] = coefs[sub->order-1][i];
    }
    porder = get_max_p_order(max_porder, n, sub->order);
    encode_residual_lpc(res, smp, n, sub->order, sub->coefs, sub->shift);
    return calc_rice_params_lpc(&sub->rc, 0, porder, res, n, sub->order,
                                sub->obits, precision);
}

static int encode_residual_v(FlacEncodeContext *ctx, int ch)
{
    int i, n;

    int32_t lt, rt;
    uint64_t sum[4];
    uint64_t score[4];
    int k;

    /* calculate sum of 2nd order residual for each channel */
    sum[0] = sum[1] = sum[2] = sum[3] = 0;
    for(i=2; i<n; i++) {
        lt = left_ch[i] - 2*left_ch[i-1] + left_ch[i-2];
        rt = right_ch[i] - 2*right_ch[i-1] + right_ch[i-2];
        sum[2] += ABS((lt + rt) >> 1);
        sum[3] += ABS(lt - rt);
        sum[0] += ABS(lt);
        sum[1] += ABS(rt);
    }
    /* estimate bit counts */
    for(i=0; i<4; i++) {
        k = find_optimal_param(2*sum[i], n);
        sum[i] = rice_encode_count(2*sum[i], n, k);
    }

    /* residual */
    output_residual(ctx, ch);
}

static void output_subframe_lpc(FlacEncodeContext *ctx, int ch)
{
    int i, cbits;
    FlacFrame *frame;
    FlacSubframe *sub;

    frame = &ctx->frame;
    sub = &frame->subframes[ch];

    /* warm-up samples */
    for(i=0; i<sub->order; i++) {
        put_sbits(&ctx->pb, sub->obits, sub->residual[i]);
    }

    /* LPC coefficients */
    cbits = ctx->options.lpc_coeff_precision;
    put_bits(&ctx->pb, 4, cbits-1);
    put_sbits(&ctx->pb, 5, sub->shift);
    for(i=0; i<sub->order; i++) {
        put_sbits(&ctx->pb, cbits, sub->coefs[i]);
    }

    /* residual */
    output_residual(ctx, ch);
}

static void output_subframes(FlacEncodeContext *s)
{
    FlacFrame *frame;
    FlacSubframe *sub;
    int ch;

            output_subframe_constant(s, ch);
        } else if(sub->type == FLAC_SUBFRAME_VERBATIM) {
            output_subframe_verbatim(s, ch);
        } else if(sub->type == FLAC_SUBFRAME_FIXED) {
            output_subframe_fixed(s, ch);
        } else if(sub->type == FLAC_SUBFRAME_LPC) {
            output_subframe_lpc(s, ch);
        }
    }
}

static void output_frame_footer(FlacEncodeContext *s)