diff vqavideo.c @ 1496:b78a9ba6a568 libavcodec

first pass at a VQA video decoder

--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/vqavideo.c	Thu Oct 02 05:20:07 2003 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,610 @@
+/*
+ * Westwood Studios VQA Video Decoder
+ * Copyright (C) 2003 the ffmpeg project
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ *
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @file vqavideo.c
+ * VQA Video Decoder by Mike Melanson ([e-mail])
+ * For more information about the RPZA format, visit:
+ *   http://www.pcisys.net/~melanson/codecs/
+ *
+ * The VQA video decoder outputs PAL8 colorspace data.
+ *
+ * This decoder needs the 42-byte VQHD header from the beginning
+ * of the VQA file passed through the extradata field. The VQHD header
+ * is laid out as:
+ *
+ *   bytes 0-3   chunk fourcc: 'VQHD'
+ *   bytes 4-7   chunk size in big-endian format, should be 0x0000002A
+ *   bytes 8-50  VQHD chunk data
+ *
+ * Bytes 8-50 are what this decoder expects to see.
+ *
+ * Briefly, VQA is a vector quantized animation format that operates in a
+ * 6-bit VGA palettized colorspace. It operates on pixel vectors (blocks)
+ * of either 4x2 or 4x4 in size. Compressed VQA chunks can contain vector
+ * codebooks, palette information, and code maps for rendering vectors onto
+ * frames. Any of these components can also be compressed with a run-length
+ * encoding (RLE) algorithm commonly referred to as "format80".
+ *
+ * VQA takes a novel approach to rate control. Each group of n frames
+ * (usually, n = 8) relies on a different vector codebook. Rather than
+ * transporting an entire codebook every 8th frame, the new codebook is
+ * broken up into 8 pieces and sent along with the compressed video chunks
+ * for each of the 8 frames preceding the 8 frames which require the
+ * codebook. A full codebook is also sent on the very first frame of a
+ * file. This is an interesting technique, although it makes random file
+ * seeking difficult despite the fact that the frames are all intracoded.
+ *
+ * V1,2 VQA uses 12-bit codebook indices. If the 12-bit indices were
+ * packed into bytes and then RLE compressed, bytewise, the results would
+ * be poor. That is why the coding method divides each index into 2 parts,
+ * the top 4 bits and the bottom 8 bits, the RL encodes the 4-bit pieces
+ * together and the 8-bit pieces together. If most of the vectors are
+ * clustered into one group of 256 vectors, most of the 4-bit index pieces
+ * should be the same.
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "avcodec.h"
+#include "dsputil.h"
+
+#define PALETTE_COUNT 256
+#define VQA_HEADER_SIZE 0x2A
+#define CHUNK_PREAMBLE_SIZE 8
+
+/* v1, v2 files: each vector codebook entry is 4x2=8 pixels = 8 bytes */
+#define V1_2_VECTOR_SIZE 8
+#define V1_2_MAX_VECTORS 0xF00
+/* v3 files: each vector codebook entry is 4x4=16 pixels = 16 bytes */
+#define V3_VECTOR_SIZE 16
+#define V3_MAX_VECTORS 0xFF00
+
+#define LE_16(x)  ((((uint8_t*)(x))[1] << 8) | ((uint8_t*)(x))[0])
+#define BE_16(x)  ((((uint8_t*)(x))[0] << 8) | ((uint8_t*)(x))[1])
+#define BE_32(x)  ((((uint8_t*)(x))[0] << 24) | \
+                   (((uint8_t*)(x))[1] << 16) | \
+                   (((uint8_t*)(x))[2] << 8) | \
+                    ((uint8_t*)(x))[3])
+
+#define FOURCC_TAG( ch0, ch1, ch2, ch3 ) \
+        ( (long)(unsigned char)(ch3) | \
+        ( (long)(unsigned char)(ch2) << 8 ) | \
+        ( (long)(unsigned char)(ch1) << 16 ) | \
+        ( (long)(unsigned char)(ch0) << 24 ) )
+
+#define CBF0_TAG FOURCC_TAG('C', 'B', 'F', '0')
+#define CBFZ_TAG FOURCC_TAG('C', 'B', 'F', 'Z')
+#define CBP0_TAG FOURCC_TAG('C', 'B', 'P', '0')
+#define CBPZ_TAG FOURCC_TAG('C', 'B', 'P', 'Z')
+#define CPL0_TAG FOURCC_TAG('C', 'P', 'L', '0')
+#define CPLZ_TAG FOURCC_TAG('C', 'P', 'L', 'Z')
+#define VPTZ_TAG FOURCC_TAG('V', 'P', 'T', 'Z')
+
+#define VQA_DEBUG 0
+
+#if VQA_DEBUG
+#define vqa_debug printf
+#else
+static inline void vqa_debug(const char *format, ...) { }
+#endif
+
+typedef struct VqaContext {
+
+    AVCodecContext *avctx;
+    DSPContext dsp;
+    AVFrame frame;
+
+    unsigned char *buf;
+    int size;
+
+    unsigned char palette[PALETTE_COUNT * 4];
+
+    int width;   /* width of a frame */
+    int height;   /* height of a frame */
+    int vector_width;  /* width of individual vector */
+    int vector_height;  /* height of individual vector */
+    int vqa_version;  /* this should be either 1, 2 or 3 */
+
+    unsigned char *codebook;         /* the current codebook */
+    unsigned char *next_codebook_buffer;  /* accumulator for next codebook */
+    int next_codebook_buffer_index;
+
+    unsigned char *decode_buffer;
+    int decode_buffer_size;
+
+    /* number of frames to go before replacing codebook */
+    int partial_countdown;
+    int partial_count;
+
+} VqaContext;
+
+static int vqa_decode_init(AVCodecContext *avctx)
+{
+    VqaContext *s = (VqaContext *)avctx->priv_data;
+    unsigned char *vqa_header;
+
+    s->avctx = avctx;
+    avctx->pix_fmt = PIX_FMT_PAL8;
+    avctx->has_b_frames = 0;
+    dsputil_init(&s->dsp, avctx);
+
+    /* make sure the extradata made it */
+    if (s->avctx->extradata_size != VQA_HEADER_SIZE) {
+        printf("  VQA video: expected extradata size of %d\n", VQA_HEADER_SIZE);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* load up the VQA parameters from the header */
+    vqa_header = (unsigned char *)s->avctx->extradata;
+    s->vqa_version = vqa_header[0];
+    s->width = LE_16(&vqa_header[6]);
+    s->height = LE_16(&vqa_header[8]);
+    s->vector_width = vqa_header[10];
+    s->vector_height = vqa_header[11];
+    s->partial_count = s->partial_countdown = vqa_header[13];
+
+    /* the vector dimensions have to meet very stringent requirements */
+    if ((s->vector_width != 4) ||
+        ((s->vector_height != 2) && (s->vector_height != 4))) {
+        /* return without further initialization */
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* allocate codebooks */
+    if (s->vqa_version == 3) {
+        s->codebook = av_malloc(V3_VECTOR_SIZE * V3_MAX_VECTORS);
+        s->next_codebook_buffer = av_malloc(V3_VECTOR_SIZE * V3_MAX_VECTORS);
+    } else {
+        s->codebook = av_malloc(V1_2_VECTOR_SIZE * V1_2_MAX_VECTORS);
+        s->next_codebook_buffer = av_malloc(V1_2_VECTOR_SIZE * V1_2_MAX_VECTORS);
+    }
+    s->next_codebook_buffer_index = 0;
+
+    /* allocate decode buffer */
+    s->decode_buffer_size = (s->width / s->vector_width) *
+        (s->height / s->vector_height) * 2;
+    s->decode_buffer = av_malloc(s->decode_buffer_size);
+
+    s->frame.data[0] = NULL;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+#define CHECK_COUNT() \
+    if (dest_index + count > dest_size) { \
+        printf ("vqavideo: decode_format80 problem: next op would overflow dest_index\n"); \
+        printf ("vqavideo: current dest_index = %d, count = %d, dest_size = %d\n", \
+            dest_index, count, dest_size); \
+        return; \
+    }
+
+static void decode_format80(unsigned char *src, int src_size,
+    unsigned char *dest, int dest_size) {
+
+    int src_index = 0;
+    int dest_index = 0;
+    int count;
+    int src_pos;
+    unsigned char color;
+    int i;
+
+    while (src_index < src_size) {
+
+        vqa_debug("      opcode %02X: ", src[src_index]);
+
+        /* 0x80 means that frame is finished */
+        if (src[src_index] == 0x80)
+            return;
+
+        if (dest_index >= dest_size) {
+            printf ("vqavideo: decode_format80 problem: dest_index (%d) exceeded dest_size (%d)\n",
+                dest_index, dest_size);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (src[src_index] == 0xFF) {
+
+            src_index++;
+            count = LE_16(&src[src_index]);
+            src_index += 2;
+            src_pos = LE_16(&src[src_index]);
+            src_index += 2;
+            vqa_debug("(1) copy %X bytes from absolute pos %X\n", count, src_pos);
+            CHECK_COUNT();
+            for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                dest[dest_index + i] = dest[src_pos + i];
+            dest_index += count;
+
+        } else if (src[src_index] == 0xFE) {
+
+            src_index++;
+            count = LE_16(&src[src_index]);
+            src_index += 2;
+            color = src[src_index++];
+            vqa_debug("(2) set %X bytes to %02X\n", count, color);
+            CHECK_COUNT();
+            memset(&dest[dest_index], color, count);
+            dest_index += count;
+
+        } else if ((src[src_index] & 0xC0) == 0xC0) {
+
+            count = (src[src_index++] & 0x3F) + 3;
+            src_pos = LE_16(&src[src_index]);
+            src_index += 2;
+            vqa_debug("(3) copy %X bytes from absolute pos %X\n", count, src_pos);
+            CHECK_COUNT();
+            for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                dest[dest_index + i] = dest[src_pos + i];
+            dest_index += count;
+
+        } else if (src[src_index] > 0x80) {
+
+            count = src[src_index++] & 0x3F;
+            vqa_debug("(4) copy %X bytes from source to dest\n", count);
+            CHECK_COUNT();
+            memcpy(&dest[dest_index], &src[src_index], count);
+            src_index += count;
+            dest_index += count;
+
+        } else {
+
+            count = ((src[src_index] & 0x70) >> 4) + 3;
+            src_pos = BE_16(&src[src_index]) & 0x0FFF;
+            src_index += 2;
+            vqa_debug("(5) copy %X bytes from relpos %X\n", count, src_pos);
+            CHECK_COUNT();
+            for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                dest[dest_index + i] = dest[dest_index - src_pos + i];
+            dest_index += count;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (dest_index < dest_size)
+        printf ("vqavideo: decode_format80 problem: decode finished with dest_index (%d) < dest_size (%d)\n",
+            dest_index, dest_size);
+}
+
+static void vqa_decode_chunk(VqaContext *s)
+{
+
+//static int frame = 0;
+    unsigned int chunk_type;
+    unsigned int chunk_size;
+    int byte_skip;
+    unsigned int index = 0;
+    int i;
+    unsigned char r, g, b;
+    unsigned int *palette32;
+
+    int cbf0_chunk = -1;
+    int cbfz_chunk = -1;
+    int cbp0_chunk = -1;
+    int cbpz_chunk = -1;
+    int cpl0_chunk = -1;
+    int cplz_chunk = -1;
+    int vptz_chunk = -1;
+
+    int x, y;
+    int lines = 0;
+    int pixel_ptr;
+    int vector_index = 0;
+    int lobyte = 0;
+    int hibyte = 0;
+    int lobytes = 0;
+    int hibytes = s->decode_buffer_size / 2;
+
+//printf (" **** decoding frame #%d, stride = %d\n", frame++, s->frame.linesize[0]);
+    /* first, traverse through the frame and find the subchunks */
+    while (index < s->size) {
+
+        chunk_type = BE_32(&s->buf[index]);
+        chunk_size = BE_32(&s->buf[index + 4]);
+
+        switch (chunk_type) {
+
+        case CBF0_TAG:
+            cbf0_chunk = index;
+            break;
+
+        case CBFZ_TAG:
+            cbfz_chunk = index;
+            break;
+
+        case CBP0_TAG:
+            cbp0_chunk = index;
+            break;
+
+        case CBPZ_TAG:
+            cbpz_chunk = index;
+            break;
+
+        case CPL0_TAG:
+            cpl0_chunk = index;
+            break;
+
+        case CPLZ_TAG:
+            cplz_chunk = index;
+            break;
+
+        case VPTZ_TAG:
+            vptz_chunk = index;
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            printf ("  VQA video: Found unknown chunk type: %c%c%c%c (%08X)\n",
+            (chunk_type >> 24) & 0xFF,
+            (chunk_type >> 16) & 0xFF,
+            (chunk_type >>  8) & 0xFF,
+            (chunk_type >>  0) & 0xFF,
+            chunk_type);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        byte_skip = chunk_size & 0x01;
+        index += (CHUNK_PREAMBLE_SIZE + chunk_size + byte_skip);
+    }
+
+    /* next, deal with the palette */
+    if ((cpl0_chunk != -1) && (cplz_chunk != -1)) {
+
+        /* a chunk should not have both chunk types */
+        printf ("  VQA video: problem: found both CPL0 and CPLZ chunks\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* decompress the palette chunk */
+    if (cplz_chunk != -1) {
+
+/* yet to be handled */
+
+    }
+
+    /* convert the RGB palette into the machine's endian format */
+    if (cpl0_chunk != -1) {
+
+        chunk_size = BE_32(&s->buf[cpl0_chunk + 4]);
+        /* sanity check the palette size */
+        if (chunk_size / 3 > 256) {
+            printf ("vqavideo: problem: found a palette chunk with %d colors\n",
+                chunk_size / 3);
+            return;
+        }
+        cpl0_chunk += CHUNK_PREAMBLE_SIZE;
+        palette32 = (unsigned int *)s->palette;
+        for (i = 0; i < chunk_size / 3; i++) {
+            /* scale by 4 to transform 6-bit palette -> 8-bit */
+            r = s->buf[cpl0_chunk++] * 4;
+            g = s->buf[cpl0_chunk++] * 4;
+            b = s->buf[cpl0_chunk++] * 4;
+            palette32[i] = (r << 16) | (g << 8) | (b);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* next, look for a full codebook */
+    if ((cbf0_chunk != -1) && (cbfz_chunk != -1)) {
+
+        /* a chunk should not have both chunk types */
+        printf ("  VQA video: problem: found both CBF0 and CBFZ chunks\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* decompress the full codebook chunk into the codebook accumulation
+     * buffer; this is safe since only the first frame is supposed to have 
+     * a full codebook */
+    if (cbfz_chunk != -1) {
+
+/* yet to be handled */
+
+    }
+
+    /* copy a full codebook */
+    if (cbf0_chunk != -1) {
+
+        index = cbf0_chunk;
+
+        chunk_size = BE_32(&s->buf[cbf0_chunk + 4]);
+        /* sanity check the full codebook size */
+        if (s->vqa_version == 3) {
+            if (chunk_size / (V3_VECTOR_SIZE) > V3_MAX_VECTORS) {
+                printf ("  VQA video: problem: CBF0 chunk too large (0x%X bytes)\n",
+                    chunk_size);
+                return;
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (chunk_size / (V1_2_VECTOR_SIZE) > V1_2_MAX_VECTORS) {
+                printf ("  VQA video: problem: CBF0 chunk too large (0x%X bytes)\n",
+                    chunk_size);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        cbf0_chunk += CHUNK_PREAMBLE_SIZE;
+
+        memcpy(s->codebook, &s->buf[cbf0_chunk], chunk_size);
+    }
+
+    /* decode the frame */
+    if (vptz_chunk == -1) {
+
+        /* something is wrong if there is no VPTZ chunk */
+        printf ("  VQA video: problem: no VPTZ chunk found\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* decode frame */
+    chunk_size = BE_32(&s->buf[vptz_chunk + 4]);
+    vptz_chunk += CHUNK_PREAMBLE_SIZE;
+    decode_format80(&s->buf[vptz_chunk], chunk_size,
+        s->decode_buffer, s->decode_buffer_size);
+
+
+if (0)
+{
+int count = 0;
+printf (" finished decoding frame...");
+for (index = 8000; index < 16000; index++)
+  if (s->decode_buffer[index] > 0x0F)
+    count++;
+printf ("  %d/8000 hibytes exceeded 0x0F\n", count);
+}
+
+
+    /* render the final PAL8 frame */
+    for (y = 0; y < s->frame.linesize[0] * s->height; 
+        y += s->frame.linesize[0] * s->vector_height) {
+
+        for (x = y; x < y + s->width; x += 4, lobytes++, hibytes++) {
+            pixel_ptr = x;
+
+            /* get the vector index, the method for which varies according to
+             * VQA file version */
+            switch (s->vqa_version) {
+
+            case 1:
+/* still need sample media for this case (only one game, "Legend of 
+ * Kyrandia III : Malcolm's Revenge", is known to use this version) */
+                lines = 0;
+                break;
+
+            case 2:
+                lobyte = s->decode_buffer[lobytes];
+                hibyte = s->decode_buffer[hibytes];
+                if (hibyte > 0x0F) {
+                    printf ("  VQA video: problem: vector #%d/%d high byte out of range (0x%X >= 0x0F)\n",
+                        lobytes, s->decode_buffer_size / 2, hibyte);
+                    hibyte = lobyte = 0;
+                } else if (hibyte == 0x0F)
+                    hibyte = 0;
+                vector_index = (hibyte << 8) | lobyte;
+                vector_index *= V1_2_VECTOR_SIZE;
+                lines = 2;
+                break;
+
+            case 3:
+/* not implemented yet */
+                lines = 0;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            while (lines--) {
+                s->frame.data[0][pixel_ptr + 0] = s->codebook[vector_index++];
+                s->frame.data[0][pixel_ptr + 1] = s->codebook[vector_index++];
+                s->frame.data[0][pixel_ptr + 2] = s->codebook[vector_index++];
+                s->frame.data[0][pixel_ptr + 3] = s->codebook[vector_index++];
+                pixel_ptr += s->frame.linesize[0];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* handle partial codebook */
+    if ((cbp0_chunk != -1) && (cbpz_chunk != -1)) {
+        /* a chunk should not have both chunk types */
+        printf ("  VQA video: problem: found both CBP0 and CBPZ chunks\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (cbp0_chunk != -1) {
+
+        chunk_size = BE_32(&s->buf[cbp0_chunk + 4]);
+        cbp0_chunk += CHUNK_PREAMBLE_SIZE;
+
+        /* accumulate partial codebook */
+        memcpy(&s->next_codebook_buffer[s->next_codebook_buffer_index],
+            &s->buf[cbp0_chunk], chunk_size);
+        s->next_codebook_buffer_index += chunk_size;
+
+        s->partial_countdown--;
+        if (s->partial_countdown == 0) {
+
+            /* time to replace codebook */
+            memcpy(s->codebook, s->next_codebook_buffer, 
+                s->next_codebook_buffer_index);
+
+            /* reset accounting */
+            s->next_codebook_buffer_index = 0;
+            s->partial_countdown = s->partial_count;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (cbpz_chunk != -1) {
+
+/* more partial codebook handling ... */
+
+    }
+}
+
+static int vqa_decode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx,
+                            void *data, int *data_size,
+                            uint8_t *buf, int buf_size)
+{
+    VqaContext *s = (VqaContext *)avctx->priv_data;
+
+    s->buf = buf;
+    s->size = buf_size;
+
+    if (s->frame.data[0])
+        avctx->release_buffer(avctx, &s->frame);
+
+    if (avctx->get_buffer(avctx, &s->frame)) {
+        printf ("  VQA Video: get_buffer() failed\n");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    vqa_decode_chunk(s);
+
+    /* make the palette available on the way out */
+    memcpy(s->frame.data[1], s->palette, PALETTE_COUNT * 4);
+
+    *data_size = sizeof(AVFrame);
+    *(AVFrame*)data = s->frame;
+
+    /* report that the buffer was completely consumed */
+    return buf_size;
+}
+
+static int vqa_decode_end(AVCodecContext *avctx)
+{
+    VqaContext *s = (VqaContext *)avctx->priv_data;
+
+    av_free(s->codebook);
+    av_free(s->next_codebook_buffer);
+    av_free(s->decode_buffer);
+
+    if (s->frame.data[0])
+        avctx->release_buffer(avctx, &s->frame);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+AVCodec vqa_decoder = {
+    "vqavideo",
+    CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO,
+    CODEC_ID_WS_VQA,
+    sizeof(VqaContext),
+    vqa_decode_init,
+    NULL,
+    vqa_decode_end,
+    vqa_decode_frame,
+    CODEC_CAP_DR1,
+};