Mercurial > libavcodec.hg
changeset 7030:40f18ff994f9 libavcodec
Separating from nellymoserdec.c parts required by encoder
author | bwolowiec |
---|---|
date | Sun, 08 Jun 2008 20:45:18 +0000 |
parents | 05a09fe93944 |
children | 4b9d8cd9a1f0 |
files | Makefile nellymoser.c nellymoser.h nellymoserdec.c |
diffstat | 4 files changed, 287 insertions(+), 199 deletions(-) [+] |
line wrap: on
line diff
--- a/Makefile Sun Jun 08 17:12:25 2008 +0000 +++ b/Makefile Sun Jun 08 20:45:18 2008 +0000 @@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ OBJS-$(CONFIG_MSRLE_DECODER) += msrle.o OBJS-$(CONFIG_MSVIDEO1_DECODER) += msvideo1.o OBJS-$(CONFIG_MSZH_DECODER) += lcldec.o -OBJS-$(CONFIG_NELLYMOSER_DECODER) += nellymoserdec.o mdct.o fft.o +OBJS-$(CONFIG_NELLYMOSER_DECODER) += nellymoserdec.o nellymoser.o mdct.o fft.o OBJS-$(CONFIG_NUV_DECODER) += nuv.o rtjpeg.o OBJS-$(CONFIG_PAM_ENCODER) += pnmenc.o pnm.o OBJS-$(CONFIG_PBM_ENCODER) += pnmenc.o pnm.o
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/nellymoser.c Sun Jun 08 20:45:18 2008 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,223 @@ +/* + * Common code between Nellymoser encoder and decoder + * Copyright (c) 2007 a840bda5870ba11f19698ff6eb9581dfb0f95fa5, + * 539459aeb7d425140b62a3ec7dbf6dc8e408a306, and + * 520e17cd55896441042b14df2566a6eb610ed444 + * Copyright (c) 2007 Loic Minier <lool at dooz.org> + * Benjamin Larsson + * + * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a + * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), + * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation + * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, + * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the + * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: + * + * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in + * all copies or substantial portions of the Software. + * + * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR + * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, + * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL + * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER + * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING + * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER + * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. + */ + +/** + * @file nellymoser.c + * The 3 alphanumeric copyright notices are md5summed they are from the original + * implementors. The original code is available from http://code.google.com/p/nelly2pcm/ + */ + +#include "nellymoser.h" +#include "libavutil/random.h" +#include "avcodec.h" +#include "dsputil.h" + +#define ALT_BITSTREAM_READER_LE +#include "bitstream.h" + +const float ff_nelly_dequantization_table[127] = { +0.0000000000,-0.8472560048, 0.7224709988, -1.5247479677, -0.4531480074, 0.3753609955, 1.4717899561, +-1.9822579622, -1.1929379702, -0.5829370022, -0.0693780035, 0.3909569979,0.9069200158, 1.4862740040, + 2.2215409279, -2.3887870312, -1.8067539930, -1.4105420113, -1.0773609877, -0.7995010018,-0.5558109879, +-0.3334020078, -0.1324490011, 0.0568020009, 0.2548770010, 0.4773550034, 0.7386850119, 1.0443060398, +1.3954459429, 1.8098750114, 2.3918759823,-2.3893830776, -1.9884680510, -1.7514040470, -1.5643119812, +-1.3922129869,-1.2164649963, -1.0469499826, -0.8905100226, -0.7645580173, -0.6454579830, -0.5259280205, +-0.4059549868, -0.3029719889, -0.2096900046, -0.1239869967, -0.0479229987, 0.0257730000, 0.1001340002, +0.1737180054, 0.2585540116, 0.3522900045, 0.4569880068, 0.5767750144, 0.7003160119, 0.8425520062, +1.0093879700, 1.1821349859, 1.3534560204, 1.5320819616, 1.7332619429, 1.9722349644, 2.3978140354, +-2.5756309032, -2.0573320389, -1.8984919786, -1.7727810144, -1.6662600040, -1.5742180347, -1.4993319511, +-1.4316639900, -1.3652280569, -1.3000990152, -1.2280930281, -1.1588579416, -1.0921250582, -1.0135740042, +-0.9202849865, -0.8287050128, -0.7374889851, -0.6447759867, -0.5590940118, -0.4857139885, -0.4110319912, +-0.3459700048, -0.2851159871, -0.2341620028, -0.1870580018, -0.1442500055, -0.1107169986, -0.0739680007, +-0.0365610011, -0.0073290002, 0.0203610007, 0.0479039997, 0.0751969963, 0.0980999991, 0.1220389977, +0.1458999962, 0.1694349945, 0.1970459968, 0.2252430022, 0.2556869984, 0.2870100141, 0.3197099864, +0.3525829911, 0.3889069855, 0.4334920049, 0.4769459963, 0.5204820037, 0.5644530058, 0.6122040153, +0.6685929894, 0.7341650128, 0.8032159805, 0.8784040213, 0.9566209912, 1.0397069454, 1.1293770075, +1.2211159468, 1.3080279827, 1.4024800062, 1.5056819916, 1.6227730513, 1.7724959850, 1.9430880547, + 2.2903931141 +}; + +const uint8_t ff_nelly_band_sizes_table[NELLY_BANDS] = { +2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15 +}; + +const uint16_t ff_nelly_init_table[64] = { +3134, 5342, 6870, 7792, 8569, 9185, 9744, 10191, 10631, 11061, 11434, 11770, +12116, 12513, 12925, 13300, 13674, 14027, 14352, 14716, 15117, 15477, 15824, +16157, 16513, 16804, 17090, 17401, 17679, 17948, 18238, 18520, 18764, 19078, +19381, 19640, 19921, 20205, 20500, 20813, 21162, 21465, 21794, 22137, 22453, +22756, 23067, 23350, 23636, 23926, 24227, 24521, 24819, 25107, 25414, 25730, +26120, 26497, 26895, 27344, 27877, 28463, 29426, 31355 +}; + +const int16_t ff_nelly_delta_table[32] = { +-11725, -9420, -7910, -6801, -5948, -5233, -4599, -4039, -3507, -3030, -2596, +-2170, -1774, -1383, -1016, -660, -329, -1, 337, 696, 1085, 1512, 1962, 2433, +2968, 3569, 4314, 5279, 6622, 8154, 10076, 12975 +}; + +static inline int signed_shift(int i, int shift) { + if (shift > 0) + return i << shift; + return i >> -shift; +} + +static int sum_bits(short *buf, short shift, short off) +{ + int i, ret = 0; + + for (i = 0; i < NELLY_FILL_LEN; i++) { + int b = buf[i]-off; + b = ((b>>(shift-1))+1)>>1; + ret += av_clip(b, 0, NELLY_BIT_CAP); + } + + return ret; +} + +static int headroom(int *la) +{ + int l; + if (*la == 0) { + return 31; + } + l = 30 - av_log2(FFABS(*la)); + *la <<= l; + return l; +} + + +void ff_nelly_get_sample_bits(const float *buf, int *bits) +{ + int i, j; + short sbuf[128]; + int bitsum = 0, last_bitsum, small_bitsum, big_bitsum; + short shift, shift_saved; + int max, sum, last_off, tmp; + int big_off, small_off; + int off; + + max = 0; + for (i = 0; i < NELLY_FILL_LEN; i++) { + max = FFMAX(max, buf[i]); + } + shift = -16; + shift += headroom(&max); + + sum = 0; + for (i = 0; i < NELLY_FILL_LEN; i++) { + sbuf[i] = signed_shift(buf[i], shift); + sbuf[i] = (3*sbuf[i])>>2; + sum += sbuf[i]; + } + + shift += 11; + shift_saved = shift; + sum -= NELLY_DETAIL_BITS << shift; + shift += headroom(&sum); + small_off = (NELLY_BASE_OFF * (sum>>16)) >> 15; + shift = shift_saved - (NELLY_BASE_SHIFT+shift-31); + + small_off = signed_shift(small_off, shift); + + bitsum = sum_bits(sbuf, shift_saved, small_off); + + if (bitsum != NELLY_DETAIL_BITS) { + shift = 0; + off = bitsum - NELLY_DETAIL_BITS; + + for(shift=0; FFABS(off) <= 16383; shift++) + off *= 2; + + off = (off * NELLY_BASE_OFF) >> 15; + shift = shift_saved-(NELLY_BASE_SHIFT+shift-15); + + off = signed_shift(off, shift); + + for (j = 1; j < 20; j++) { + last_off = small_off; + small_off += off; + last_bitsum = bitsum; + + bitsum = sum_bits(sbuf, shift_saved, small_off); + + if ((bitsum-NELLY_DETAIL_BITS) * (last_bitsum-NELLY_DETAIL_BITS) <= 0) + break; + } + + if (bitsum > NELLY_DETAIL_BITS) { + big_off = small_off; + small_off = last_off; + big_bitsum=bitsum; + small_bitsum=last_bitsum; + } else { + big_off = last_off; + big_bitsum=last_bitsum; + small_bitsum=bitsum; + } + + while (bitsum != NELLY_DETAIL_BITS && j <= 19) { + off = (big_off+small_off)>>1; + bitsum = sum_bits(sbuf, shift_saved, off); + if (bitsum > NELLY_DETAIL_BITS) { + big_off=off; + big_bitsum=bitsum; + } else { + small_off = off; + small_bitsum=bitsum; + } + j++; + } + + if (abs(big_bitsum-NELLY_DETAIL_BITS) >= + abs(small_bitsum-NELLY_DETAIL_BITS)) { + bitsum = small_bitsum; + } else { + small_off = big_off; + bitsum = big_bitsum; + } + } + + for (i = 0; i < NELLY_FILL_LEN; i++) { + tmp = sbuf[i]-small_off; + tmp = ((tmp>>(shift_saved-1))+1)>>1; + bits[i] = av_clip(tmp, 0, NELLY_BIT_CAP); + } + + if (bitsum > NELLY_DETAIL_BITS) { + tmp = i = 0; + while (tmp < NELLY_DETAIL_BITS) { + tmp += bits[i]; + i++; + } + + bits[i-1] -= tmp - NELLY_DETAIL_BITS; + for(; i < NELLY_FILL_LEN; i++) + bits[i] = 0; + } +} +
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/nellymoser.h Sun Jun 08 20:45:18 2008 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +/* + * Common code between Nellymoser encoder and decoder + * Copyright (c) 2007 a840bda5870ba11f19698ff6eb9581dfb0f95fa5, + * 539459aeb7d425140b62a3ec7dbf6dc8e408a306, and + * 520e17cd55896441042b14df2566a6eb610ed444 + * Copyright (c) 2007 Loic Minier <lool at dooz.org> + * Benjamin Larsson + * + * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a + * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), + * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation + * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, + * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the + * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: + * + * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in + * all copies or substantial portions of the Software. + * + * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR + * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, + * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL + * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER + * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING + * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER + * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. + */ + +/** + * @file nellymoser.h + * The 3 alphanumeric copyright notices are md5summed they are from the original + * implementors. The original code is available from http://code.google.com/p/nelly2pcm/ + */ + +#ifndef FFMPEG_NELLYMOSER_H +#define FFMPEG_NELLYMOSER_H + +#include "avcodec.h" + +#define NELLY_BANDS 23 +#define NELLY_BLOCK_LEN 64 +#define NELLY_HEADER_BITS 116 +#define NELLY_DETAIL_BITS 198 +#define NELLY_BUF_LEN 128 +#define NELLY_FILL_LEN 124 +#define NELLY_BIT_CAP 6 +#define NELLY_BASE_OFF 4228 +#define NELLY_BASE_SHIFT 19 +#define NELLY_SAMPLES (2 * NELLY_BUF_LEN) + +extern const float ff_nelly_dequantization_table[127]; +extern const uint8_t ff_nelly_band_sizes_table[NELLY_BANDS]; +extern const uint16_t ff_nelly_init_table[64]; +extern const int16_t ff_nelly_delta_table[32]; + +void ff_nelly_get_sample_bits(const float *buf, int *bits); + +#endif
--- a/nellymoserdec.c Sun Jun 08 17:12:25 2008 +0000 +++ b/nellymoserdec.c Sun Jun 08 20:45:18 2008 +0000 @@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ * implementors. The original code is available from http://code.google.com/p/nelly2pcm/ */ +#include "nellymoser.h" #include "libavutil/random.h" #include "avcodec.h" #include "dsputil.h" @@ -38,57 +39,6 @@ #define ALT_BITSTREAM_READER_LE #include "bitstream.h" -#define NELLY_BANDS 23 -#define NELLY_BLOCK_LEN 64 -#define NELLY_HEADER_BITS 116 -#define NELLY_DETAIL_BITS 198 -#define NELLY_BUF_LEN 128 -#define NELLY_FILL_LEN 124 -#define NELLY_BIT_CAP 6 -#define NELLY_BASE_OFF 4228 -#define NELLY_BASE_SHIFT 19 -#define NELLY_SAMPLES (2 * NELLY_BUF_LEN) - -static const float dequantization_table[127] = { -0.0000000000,-0.8472560048, 0.7224709988, -1.5247479677, -0.4531480074, 0.3753609955, 1.4717899561, --1.9822579622, -1.1929379702, -0.5829370022, -0.0693780035, 0.3909569979,0.9069200158, 1.4862740040, - 2.2215409279, -2.3887870312, -1.8067539930, -1.4105420113, -1.0773609877, -0.7995010018,-0.5558109879, --0.3334020078, -0.1324490011, 0.0568020009, 0.2548770010, 0.4773550034, 0.7386850119, 1.0443060398, -1.3954459429, 1.8098750114, 2.3918759823,-2.3893830776, -1.9884680510, -1.7514040470, -1.5643119812, --1.3922129869,-1.2164649963, -1.0469499826, -0.8905100226, -0.7645580173, -0.6454579830, -0.5259280205, --0.4059549868, -0.3029719889, -0.2096900046, -0.1239869967, -0.0479229987, 0.0257730000, 0.1001340002, -0.1737180054, 0.2585540116, 0.3522900045, 0.4569880068, 0.5767750144, 0.7003160119, 0.8425520062, -1.0093879700, 1.1821349859, 1.3534560204, 1.5320819616, 1.7332619429, 1.9722349644, 2.3978140354, --2.5756309032, -2.0573320389, -1.8984919786, -1.7727810144, -1.6662600040, -1.5742180347, -1.4993319511, --1.4316639900, -1.3652280569, -1.3000990152, -1.2280930281, -1.1588579416, -1.0921250582, -1.0135740042, --0.9202849865, -0.8287050128, -0.7374889851, -0.6447759867, -0.5590940118, -0.4857139885, -0.4110319912, --0.3459700048, -0.2851159871, -0.2341620028, -0.1870580018, -0.1442500055, -0.1107169986, -0.0739680007, --0.0365610011, -0.0073290002, 0.0203610007, 0.0479039997, 0.0751969963, 0.0980999991, 0.1220389977, -0.1458999962, 0.1694349945, 0.1970459968, 0.2252430022, 0.2556869984, 0.2870100141, 0.3197099864, -0.3525829911, 0.3889069855, 0.4334920049, 0.4769459963, 0.5204820037, 0.5644530058, 0.6122040153, -0.6685929894, 0.7341650128, 0.8032159805, 0.8784040213, 0.9566209912, 1.0397069454, 1.1293770075, -1.2211159468, 1.3080279827, 1.4024800062, 1.5056819916, 1.6227730513, 1.7724959850, 1.9430880547, - 2.2903931141 -}; - -static const uint8_t nelly_band_sizes_table[NELLY_BANDS] = { -2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15 -}; - -static const uint16_t nelly_init_table[64] = { -3134, 5342, 6870, 7792, 8569, 9185, 9744, 10191, 10631, 11061, 11434, 11770, -12116, 12513, 12925, 13300, 13674, 14027, 14352, 14716, 15117, 15477, 15824, -16157, 16513, 16804, 17090, 17401, 17679, 17948, 18238, 18520, 18764, 19078, -19381, 19640, 19921, 20205, 20500, 20813, 21162, 21465, 21794, 22137, 22453, -22756, 23067, 23350, 23636, 23926, 24227, 24521, 24819, 25107, 25414, 25730, -26120, 26497, 26895, 27344, 27877, 28463, 29426, 31355 -}; - -static const int16_t nelly_delta_table[32] = { --11725, -9420, -7910, -6801, -5948, -5233, -4599, -4039, -3507, -3030, -2596, --2170, -1774, -1383, -1016, -660, -329, -1, 337, 696, 1085, 1512, 1962, 2433, -2968, 3569, 4314, 5279, 6622, 8154, 10076, 12975 -}; typedef struct NellyMoserDecodeContext { AVCodecContext* avctx; @@ -106,13 +56,6 @@ static DECLARE_ALIGNED_16(float,sine_window[128]); -static inline int signed_shift(int i, int shift) { - if (shift > 0) - return i << shift; - return i >> -shift; -} - - static void overlap_and_window(NellyMoserDecodeContext *s, float *state, float *audio, float *a_in) { int bot, top; @@ -130,141 +73,6 @@ memcpy(state, a_in + NELLY_BUF_LEN, sizeof(float)*NELLY_BUF_LEN); } -static int sum_bits(short *buf, short shift, short off) -{ - int i, ret = 0; - - for (i = 0; i < NELLY_FILL_LEN; i++) { - int b = buf[i]-off; - b = ((b>>(shift-1))+1)>>1; - ret += av_clip(b, 0, NELLY_BIT_CAP); - } - - return ret; -} - -static int headroom(int *la) -{ - int l; - if (*la == 0) { - return 31; - } - l = 30 - av_log2(FFABS(*la)); - *la <<= l; - return l; -} - - -static void get_sample_bits(const float *buf, int *bits) -{ - int i, j; - short sbuf[128]; - int bitsum = 0, last_bitsum, small_bitsum, big_bitsum; - short shift, shift_saved; - int max, sum, last_off, tmp; - int big_off, small_off; - int off; - - max = 0; - for (i = 0; i < NELLY_FILL_LEN; i++) { - max = FFMAX(max, buf[i]); - } - shift = -16; - shift += headroom(&max); - - sum = 0; - for (i = 0; i < NELLY_FILL_LEN; i++) { - sbuf[i] = signed_shift(buf[i], shift); - sbuf[i] = (3*sbuf[i])>>2; - sum += sbuf[i]; - } - - shift += 11; - shift_saved = shift; - sum -= NELLY_DETAIL_BITS << shift; - shift += headroom(&sum); - small_off = (NELLY_BASE_OFF * (sum>>16)) >> 15; - shift = shift_saved - (NELLY_BASE_SHIFT+shift-31); - - small_off = signed_shift(small_off, shift); - - bitsum = sum_bits(sbuf, shift_saved, small_off); - - if (bitsum != NELLY_DETAIL_BITS) { - shift = 0; - off = bitsum - NELLY_DETAIL_BITS; - - for(shift=0; FFABS(off) <= 16383; shift++) - off *= 2; - - off = (off * NELLY_BASE_OFF) >> 15; - shift = shift_saved-(NELLY_BASE_SHIFT+shift-15); - - off = signed_shift(off, shift); - - for (j = 1; j < 20; j++) { - last_off = small_off; - small_off += off; - last_bitsum = bitsum; - - bitsum = sum_bits(sbuf, shift_saved, small_off); - - if ((bitsum-NELLY_DETAIL_BITS) * (last_bitsum-NELLY_DETAIL_BITS) <= 0) - break; - } - - if (bitsum > NELLY_DETAIL_BITS) { - big_off = small_off; - small_off = last_off; - big_bitsum=bitsum; - small_bitsum=last_bitsum; - } else { - big_off = last_off; - big_bitsum=last_bitsum; - small_bitsum=bitsum; - } - - while (bitsum != NELLY_DETAIL_BITS && j <= 19) { - off = (big_off+small_off)>>1; - bitsum = sum_bits(sbuf, shift_saved, off); - if (bitsum > NELLY_DETAIL_BITS) { - big_off=off; - big_bitsum=bitsum; - } else { - small_off = off; - small_bitsum=bitsum; - } - j++; - } - - if (abs(big_bitsum-NELLY_DETAIL_BITS) >= - abs(small_bitsum-NELLY_DETAIL_BITS)) { - bitsum = small_bitsum; - } else { - small_off = big_off; - bitsum = big_bitsum; - } - } - - for (i = 0; i < NELLY_FILL_LEN; i++) { - tmp = sbuf[i]-small_off; - tmp = ((tmp>>(shift_saved-1))+1)>>1; - bits[i] = av_clip(tmp, 0, NELLY_BIT_CAP); - } - - if (bitsum > NELLY_DETAIL_BITS) { - tmp = i = 0; - while (tmp < NELLY_DETAIL_BITS) { - tmp += bits[i]; - i++; - } - - bits[i-1] -= tmp - NELLY_DETAIL_BITS; - for(; i < NELLY_FILL_LEN; i++) - bits[i] = 0; - } -} - static void nelly_decode_block(NellyMoserDecodeContext *s, const unsigned char block[NELLY_BLOCK_LEN], float audio[NELLY_SAMPLES]) @@ -279,19 +87,19 @@ bptr = buf; pptr = pows; - val = nelly_init_table[get_bits(&s->gb, 6)]; + val = ff_nelly_init_table[get_bits(&s->gb, 6)]; for (i=0 ; i<NELLY_BANDS ; i++) { if (i > 0) - val += nelly_delta_table[get_bits(&s->gb, 5)]; + val += ff_nelly_delta_table[get_bits(&s->gb, 5)]; pval = -pow(2, val/2048) * s->scale_bias; - for (j = 0; j < nelly_band_sizes_table[i]; j++) { + for (j = 0; j < ff_nelly_band_sizes_table[i]; j++) { *bptr++ = val; *pptr++ = pval; } } - get_sample_bits(buf, bits); + ff_nelly_get_sample_bits(buf, bits); for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) { aptr = audio + i * NELLY_BUF_LEN; @@ -306,7 +114,7 @@ aptr[j] *= -1.0; } else { v = get_bits(&s->gb, bits[j]); - aptr[j] = dequantization_table[(1<<bits[j])-1+v]*pows[j]; + aptr[j] = ff_nelly_dequantization_table[(1<<bits[j])-1+v]*pows[j]; } } memset(&aptr[NELLY_FILL_LEN], 0,