annotate seek.c @ 6085:72c7c3d5c4e9 libavformat

matroskaenc: Mux clusters better Start them on keyframes when reasonable, and delay writing audio packets to help ensure that there's audio samples available for the first frame in clusters. Patch by James Zern <jzern at google>

/*
 * seek utility functions for use within format handlers
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2009 Ivan Schreter
 *
 * This file is part of FFmpeg.
 *
 * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
 */

#include "seek.h"
#include "libavutil/mem.h"
#include "internal.h"

// NOTE: implementation should be moved here in another patch, to keep patches
// separated.

/**
 * helper structure describing keyframe search state of one stream
 */
typedef struct {
    int64_t     pos_lo;      ///< position of the frame with low timestamp in file or INT64_MAX if not found (yet)
    int64_t     ts_lo;       ///< frame presentation timestamp or same as pos_lo for byte seeking

    int64_t     pos_hi;      ///< position of the frame with high timestamp in file or INT64_MAX if not found (yet)
    int64_t     ts_hi;       ///< frame presentation timestamp or same as pos_hi for byte seeking

    int64_t     last_pos;    ///< last known position of a frame, for multi-frame packets

    int64_t     term_ts;     ///< termination timestamp (which TS we already read)
    AVRational  term_ts_tb;  ///< timebase for term_ts
    int64_t     first_ts;    ///< first packet timestamp in this iteration (to fill term_ts later)
    AVRational  first_ts_tb; ///< timebase for first_ts

    int         terminated;  ///< termination flag for the current iteration
} AVSyncPoint;

/**
 * Compute a distance between timestamps.
 *
 * Distances are only comparable, if same time bases are used for computing
 * distances.
 *
 * @param ts_hi high timestamp
 * @param tb_hi high timestamp time base
 * @param ts_lo low timestamp
 * @param tb_lo low timestamp time base
 * @return representation of distance between high and low timestamps
 */
static int64_t ts_distance(int64_t ts_hi,
                           AVRational tb_hi,
                           int64_t ts_lo,
                           AVRational tb_lo)
{
    int64_t hi, lo;

    hi = ts_hi * tb_hi.num * tb_lo.den;
    lo = ts_lo * tb_lo.num * tb_hi.den;

    return hi - lo;
}

/**
 * Partial search for keyframes in multiple streams.
 *
 * This routine searches in each stream for the next lower and the next higher
 * timestamp compared to the given target timestamp. The search starts at the current
 * file position and ends at the file position, where all streams have already been
 * examined (or when all higher key frames are found in the first iteration).
 *
 * This routine is called iteratively with an exponential backoff to find the lower
 * timestamp.
 *
 * @param s                 format context
 * @param timestamp         target timestamp (or position, if AVSEEK_FLAG_BYTE)
 * @param timebase          time base for timestamps
 * @param flags             seeking flags
 * @param sync              array with information per stream
 * @param keyframes_to_find count of keyframes to find in total
 * @param found_lo          ptr to the count of already found low timestamp keyframes
 * @param found_hi          ptr to the count of already found high timestamp keyframes
 * @param first_iter        flag for first iteration
 */
static void search_hi_lo_keyframes(AVFormatContext *s,
                                   int64_t timestamp,
                                   AVRational timebase,
                                   int flags,
                                   AVSyncPoint *sync,
                                   int keyframes_to_find,
                                   int *found_lo,
                                   int *found_hi,
                                   int first_iter)
{
    AVPacket pkt;
    AVSyncPoint *sp;
    AVStream *st;
    int idx;
    int flg;
    int terminated_count = 0;
    int64_t pos;
    int64_t pts, dts;   // PTS/DTS from stream
    int64_t ts;         // PTS in stream-local time base or position for byte seeking
    AVRational ts_tb;   // Time base of the stream or 1:1 for byte seeking

    for (;;) {
        if (av_read_frame(s, &pkt) < 0) {
            // EOF or error, make sure high flags are set
            for (idx = 0; idx < s->nb_streams; ++idx) {
                if (s->streams[idx]->discard < AVDISCARD_ALL) {
                    sp = &sync[idx];
                    if (sp->pos_hi == INT64_MAX) {
                        // no high frame exists for this stream
                        (*found_hi)++;
                        sp->ts_hi  = INT64_MAX;
                        sp->pos_hi = INT64_MAX - 1;
                    }
                }
            }
            break;
        }

        idx = pkt.stream_index;
        st = s->streams[idx];
        if (st->discard >= AVDISCARD_ALL)
            // this stream is not active, skip packet
            continue;

        sp = &sync[idx];

        flg = pkt.flags;
        pos = pkt.pos;
        pts = pkt.pts;
        dts = pkt.dts;
        if (pts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
            // some formats don't provide PTS, only DTS
            pts = dts;

        av_free_packet(&pkt);

        // Multi-frame packets only return position for the very first frame.
        // Other frames are read with position == -1. Therefore, we note down
        // last known position of a frame and use it if a frame without
        // position arrives. In this way, it's possible to seek to proper
        // position. Additionally, for parsers not providing position at all,
        // an approximation will be used (starting position of this iteration).
        if (pos < 0)
            pos = sp->last_pos;
        else
            sp->last_pos = pos;

        // Evaluate key frames with known TS (or any frames, if AVSEEK_FLAG_ANY set).
        if (pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE &&
            ((flg & AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY) || (flags & AVSEEK_FLAG_ANY))) {
            if (flags & AVSEEK_FLAG_BYTE) {
                // for byte seeking, use position as timestamp
                ts        = pos;
                ts_tb.num = 1;
                ts_tb.den = 1;
            } else {
                // otherwise, get stream time_base
                ts    = pts;
                ts_tb = st->time_base;
            }

            if (sp->first_ts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE) {
                // Note down termination timestamp for the next iteration - when
                // we encounter a packet with the same timestamp, we will ignore
                // any further packets for this stream in next iteration (as they
                // are already evaluated).
                sp->first_ts    = ts;
                sp->first_ts_tb = ts_tb;
            }

            if (sp->term_ts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE &&
                av_compare_ts(ts, ts_tb, sp->term_ts, sp->term_ts_tb) > 0) {
                // past the end position from last iteration, ignore packet
                if (!sp->terminated) {
                    sp->terminated = 1;
                    ++terminated_count;
                    if (sp->pos_hi == INT64_MAX) {
                        // no high frame exists for this stream
                        (*found_hi)++;
                        sp->ts_hi  = INT64_MAX;
                        sp->pos_hi = INT64_MAX - 1;
                    }
                    if (terminated_count == keyframes_to_find)
                        break;  // all terminated, iteration done
                }
                continue;
            }

            if (av_compare_ts(ts, ts_tb, timestamp, timebase) <= 0) {
                // keyframe found before target timestamp
                if (sp->pos_lo == INT64_MAX) {
                    // found first keyframe lower than target timestamp
                    (*found_lo)++;
                    sp->ts_lo  = ts;
                    sp->pos_lo = pos;
                } else if (sp->ts_lo < ts) {
                    // found a better match (closer to target timestamp)
                    sp->ts_lo  = ts;
                    sp->pos_lo = pos;
                }
            }
            if (av_compare_ts(ts, ts_tb, timestamp, timebase) >= 0) {
                // keyframe found after target timestamp
                if (sp->pos_hi == INT64_MAX) {
                    // found first keyframe higher than target timestamp
                    (*found_hi)++;
                    sp->ts_hi  = ts;
                    sp->pos_hi = pos;
                    if (*found_hi >= keyframes_to_find && first_iter) {
                        // We found high frame for all. They may get updated
                        // to TS closer to target TS in later iterations (which
                        // will stop at start position of previous iteration).
                        break;
                    }
                } else if (sp->ts_hi > ts) {
                    // found a better match (actually, shouldn't happen)
                    sp->ts_hi  = ts;
                    sp->pos_hi = pos;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Clean up the parser.
    ff_read_frame_flush(s);
}

int64_t ff_gen_syncpoint_search(AVFormatContext *s,
                                int stream_index,
                                int64_t pos,
                                int64_t ts_min,
                                int64_t ts,
                                int64_t ts_max,
                                int flags)
{
    AVSyncPoint *sync, *sp;
    AVStream *st;
    int i;
    int keyframes_to_find = 0;
    int64_t curpos;
    int64_t step;
    int found_lo = 0, found_hi = 0;
    int64_t min_distance, distance;
    int64_t min_pos = 0;
    int first_iter = 1;
    AVRational time_base;

    if (flags & AVSEEK_FLAG_BYTE) {
        // for byte seeking, we have exact 1:1 "timestamps" - positions
        time_base.num = 1;
        time_base.den = 1;
    } else {
        if (stream_index >= 0) {
            // we have a reference stream, which time base we use
            st = s->streams[stream_index];
            time_base = st->time_base;
        } else {
            // no reference stream, use AV_TIME_BASE as reference time base
            time_base.num = 1;
            time_base.den = AV_TIME_BASE;
        }
    }

    // Initialize syncpoint structures for each stream.
    sync = av_malloc(s->nb_streams * sizeof(AVSyncPoint));
    if (!sync)
        // cannot allocate helper structure
        return -1;

    for (i = 0; i < s->nb_streams; ++i) {
        st = s->streams[i];
        sp = &sync[i];

        sp->pos_lo     = INT64_MAX;
        sp->ts_lo      = INT64_MAX;
        sp->pos_hi     = INT64_MAX;
        sp->ts_hi      = INT64_MAX;
        sp->terminated = 0;
        sp->first_ts   = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
        sp->term_ts    = ts_max;
        sp->term_ts_tb = time_base;
        sp->last_pos   = pos;

        st->cur_dts    = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;

        if (st->discard < AVDISCARD_ALL)
            ++keyframes_to_find;
    }

    if (!keyframes_to_find) {
        // no stream active, error
        av_free(sync);
        return -1;
    }

    // Find keyframes in all active streams with timestamp/position just before
    // and just after requested timestamp/position.
    step = s->pb->buffer_size;
    curpos = FFMAX(pos - step / 2, 0);
    for (;;) {
        url_fseek(s->pb, curpos, SEEK_SET);
        search_hi_lo_keyframes(s,
                               ts, time_base,
                               flags,
                               sync,
                               keyframes_to_find,
                               &found_lo, &found_hi,
                               first_iter);
        if (found_lo == keyframes_to_find && found_hi == keyframes_to_find)
            break;  // have all keyframes we wanted
        if (!curpos)
            break;  // cannot go back anymore

        curpos = pos - step;
        if (curpos < 0)
            curpos = 0;
        step *= 2;

        // switch termination positions
        for (i = 0; i < s->nb_streams; ++i) {
            st = s->streams[i];
            st->cur_dts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;

            sp = &sync[i];
            if (sp->first_ts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE) {
                sp->term_ts    = sp->first_ts;
                sp->term_ts_tb = sp->first_ts_tb;
                sp->first_ts   = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
            }
            sp->terminated = 0;
            sp->last_pos = curpos;
        }
        first_iter = 0;
    }

    // Find actual position to start decoding so that decoder synchronizes
    // closest to ts and between ts_min and ts_max.
    pos = INT64_MAX;

    for (i = 0; i < s->nb_streams; ++i) {
        st = s->streams[i];
        if (st->discard < AVDISCARD_ALL) {
            sp = &sync[i];
            min_distance = INT64_MAX;
            // Find timestamp closest to requested timestamp within min/max limits.
            if (sp->pos_lo != INT64_MAX
                && av_compare_ts(ts_min, time_base, sp->ts_lo, st->time_base) <= 0
                && av_compare_ts(sp->ts_lo, st->time_base, ts_max, time_base) <= 0) {
                // low timestamp is in range
                min_distance = ts_distance(ts, time_base, sp->ts_lo, st->time_base);
                min_pos = sp->pos_lo;
            }
            if (sp->pos_hi != INT64_MAX
                && av_compare_ts(ts_min, time_base, sp->ts_hi, st->time_base) <= 0
                && av_compare_ts(sp->ts_hi, st->time_base, ts_max, time_base) <= 0) {
                // high timestamp is in range, check distance
                distance = ts_distance(sp->ts_hi, st->time_base, ts, time_base);
                if (distance < min_distance) {
                    min_distance = distance;
                    min_pos = sp->pos_hi;
                }
            }
            if (min_distance == INT64_MAX) {
                // no timestamp is in range, cannot seek
                av_free(sync);
                return -1;
            }
            if (min_pos < pos)
                pos = min_pos;
        }
    }

    url_fseek(s->pb, pos, SEEK_SET);
    av_free(sync);
    return pos;
}

AVParserState *ff_store_parser_state(AVFormatContext *s)
{
    int i;
    AVStream *st;
    AVParserStreamState *ss;
    AVParserState *state = av_malloc(sizeof(AVParserState));
    if (!state)
        return NULL;

    state->stream_states = av_malloc(sizeof(AVParserStreamState) * s->nb_streams);
    if (!state->stream_states) {
        av_free(state);
        return NULL;
    }

    state->fpos = url_ftell(s->pb);

    // copy context structures
    state->cur_st                           = s->cur_st;
    state->packet_buffer                    = s->packet_buffer;
    state->raw_packet_buffer                = s->raw_packet_buffer;
    state->raw_packet_buffer_remaining_size = s->raw_packet_buffer_remaining_size;

    s->cur_st                               = NULL;
    s->packet_buffer                        = NULL;
    s->raw_packet_buffer                    = NULL;
    s->raw_packet_buffer_remaining_size     = RAW_PACKET_BUFFER_SIZE;

    // copy stream structures
    state->nb_streams = s->nb_streams;
    for (i = 0; i < s->nb_streams; i++) {
        st = s->streams[i];
        ss = &state->stream_states[i];

        ss->parser        = st->parser;
        ss->last_IP_pts   = st->last_IP_pts;
        ss->cur_dts       = st->cur_dts;
        ss->reference_dts = st->reference_dts;
        ss->cur_ptr       = st->cur_ptr;
        ss->cur_len       = st->cur_len;
        ss->probe_packets = st->probe_packets;
        ss->cur_pkt       = st->cur_pkt;

        st->parser        = NULL;
        st->last_IP_pts   = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
        st->cur_dts       = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
        st->reference_dts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
        st->cur_ptr       = NULL;
        st->cur_len       = 0;
        st->probe_packets = MAX_PROBE_PACKETS;
        av_init_packet(&st->cur_pkt);
    }

    return state;
}

void ff_restore_parser_state(AVFormatContext *s, AVParserState *state)
{
    int i;
    AVStream *st;
    AVParserStreamState *ss;
    ff_read_frame_flush(s);

    if (!state)
        return;

    url_fseek(s->pb, state->fpos, SEEK_SET);

    // copy context structures
    s->cur_st                           = state->cur_st;
    s->packet_buffer                    = state->packet_buffer;
    s->raw_packet_buffer                = state->raw_packet_buffer;
    s->raw_packet_buffer_remaining_size = state->raw_packet_buffer_remaining_size;

    // copy stream structures
    for (i = 0; i < state->nb_streams; i++) {
        st = s->streams[i];
        ss = &state->stream_states[i];

        st->parser        = ss->parser;
        st->last_IP_pts   = ss->last_IP_pts;
        st->cur_dts       = ss->cur_dts;
        st->reference_dts = ss->reference_dts;
        st->cur_ptr       = ss->cur_ptr;
        st->cur_len       = ss->cur_len;
        st->probe_packets = ss->probe_packets;
        st->cur_pkt       = ss->cur_pkt;
    }

    av_free(state->stream_states);
    av_free(state);
}

static void free_packet_list(AVPacketList *pktl)
{
    AVPacketList *cur;
    while (pktl) {
        cur = pktl;
        pktl = cur->next;
        av_free_packet(&cur->pkt);
        av_free(cur);
    }
}

void ff_free_parser_state(AVFormatContext *s, AVParserState *state)
{
    int i;
    AVParserStreamState *ss;

    if (!state)
        return;

    for (i = 0; i < state->nb_streams; i++) {
        ss = &state->stream_states[i];
        if (ss->parser)
            av_parser_close(ss->parser);
        av_free_packet(&ss->cur_pkt);
    }

    free_packet_list(state->packet_buffer);
    free_packet_list(state->raw_packet_buffer);

    av_free(state->stream_states);
    av_free(state);
}