annotate DOCS/Italian/sound.html @ 6015:04fe086ae486

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author arpi
date Wed, 08 May 2002 19:21:36 +0000
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1 <HTML>
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2
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3 <HEAD>
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4 <STYLE>
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5 .text
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6 {font-family : Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
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7 font-size : 14px;}
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8 </STYLE>
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9 </HEAD>
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10
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11 <BODY BGCOLOR=white>
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12
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13 <FONT CLASS="text">
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14
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15 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.2>2.3.2. Dispositivi di output audio</A></B></P>
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16
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17 <P>L'interfaccia audio di <B>MPlayer</B> è chiamata <I>libao2</I>. Attualmente contiene
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18 questi driver :</P>
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19
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20 <TABLE BORDER=0>
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21
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22 <TR><TD COLSPAN=4><P><B><FONT CLASS="text">Generale:</B></P></TD></TR>
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23
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24 <TR><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT CLASS="text">oss</TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">driver OSS (ioctl)</TD></TR>
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25 <TR><TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT CLASS="text">sdl</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">driver SDL (supporta sopra/sottocampionamento, <B>ESD</B>, <B>ARTS</B> ecc)</TD></TR>
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26 <TR><TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT CLASS="text">nas</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">driver NAS (Network Audio System, sistema audio per la rete, ndt)</TD></TR>
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27 <TR><TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT CLASS="text">alsa5</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">driver nativo ALSA 0.5</TD></TR>
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28 <TR><TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT CLASS="text">alsa9</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">driver nativo ALSA 0.9 (funziona, ma ha dei problemi -> usa OSS)</TD></TR>
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29 <TR><TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT CLASS="text">sun</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">driver audio SUN (/dev/audio) per utenti BSD e Solaris8</TD></TR>
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30
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31 </TABLE>
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32
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33 <P>Il fatto è che i driver per le schede sonore di Linux sono solitamente pessimi, e sempre
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34 incompatibili. PUOI metterci un po' prima di trovare la tua configurazione ottimale.</P>
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35 <P><UL>
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36 <LI>se hai OSS come driver, prima prova con <I>-ao oss</I> (questo è il default).
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37 Se riscontri interruzioni, o qualunque cosa fuori dall'ordinario, prova
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38 <I>-ao sdl</I> (NOTA: naturalmente devi avere una nuova libreria SDL e le sue parti
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39 di sviluppo installate). Aiuta in molti casi (supporta anche ESD, ARTS, e
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40 sopra/sottocampionamento. /esd è il demone del suono di GNOME, arts è quello di KDE/).</LI>
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41 <LI>se hai ALSA versione 0.5, allora dovrai usare QUASI sempre <I>-ao alsa5</I> ,
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42 dato che la 0.5 ha un codice di emulazione OSS con dei bug, e manderà in <B>crash MPlayer</B> con
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43 un messaggio come questo:<BR>
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44 <UL>
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45 <CODE>DEMUXER: Too many (945 in 8390980 bytes) video packets in the buffer!</CODE></UL>
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46 </LI>
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47 <LI>se hai ALSA versione 0.9, usa <I>-ao oss</I> o <I>-ao sdl</I> come vuoi.
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48 Puoi anche usare <I>-ao alsa9</I> dato che ora funziona, comunque ha molti
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49 problemi (perde la sincronia, l'audio scompare, ecc).</LI>
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50 </UL></P>
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51
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52 <P>Su sistemi <B>Solaris/FreeBSD</B>, usa il driver audio SUN con l'opzione
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53 <I>-ao sun</I>, altrimenti non avrai ne riproduzione video, ne audio.</P>
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54
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55 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.2.1>2.3.2.1. Esperienze con le schede sonore, raccomandazioni</A></B></P>
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56
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57 <P><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH=100%>
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58 <TD COLSPAN=3><B><FONT CLASS="text">Chipset VIA integrato (via82cxxx) solo 48Khz</B></TD><TR>
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59 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">Driver:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text"> prelevabile da <A HREF="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=3242&release_id=59602">qui</A></TD><TR>
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60
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61 <TD COLSPAN=3><B><FONT CLASS="text">Aureal Vortex 2</B></TD><TR>
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62 <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OSS:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">nessun driver</TD><TR>
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63 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OSS/Pro:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OK</TD><TR>
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64 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">ALSA:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">nessun driver</TD><TR>
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65 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">KHz massimi:</TD><TD>48</TD><TR>
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66 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">Driver:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text"><A HREF="http://aureal.sourceforge.net">aureal.sourceforge.net</A></TD><TR>
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67 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">Driver2:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text"> prelevabile da <A HREF="http://makacs.poliod.hu/~pontscho/aureal/au88xx-1.1.3.tar.bz2">qui</A><BR>
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68 (<I>grandezza del buffer aumentata a 32k</I>)</TD><TR>
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69
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70 <TD COLSPAN=3><B><FONT CLASS="text">GUS PnP</B></TD><TR>
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71 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OSS:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">nessun driver</TD><TR>
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72 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OSS/Pro:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OK</TD><TR>
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73 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">ALSA:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OK</TD><TR>
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74 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">KHz massimi:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">48</TD><TR>
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75
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76 <TD COLSPAN=3><B><FONT CLASS="text">SB Live!</B></TD><TR>
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77 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OSS:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">L'analogico è OK, SP/DIF non funziona</TD><TR>
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78 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">ALSA:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">Entrambi OK</TD><TR>
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79 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">KHz massimi:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">192</TD><TR>
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80
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81 <TD COLSPAN=3><B><FONT CLASS="text">SB AWE 64</B></TD><TR>
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82 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OSS:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">massimo 44kHz</TD><TR>
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83 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">ALSA:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">a 48kHz suona male</TD><TR>
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84 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">KHz massimi:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">48</TD><TR>
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85
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86 <TD COLSPAN=3><B><FONT CLASS="text">Gravis UltraSound ACE</B></TD><TR>
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87 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OSS:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">non OK</TD><TR>
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88 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">ALSA:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OK</TD><TR>
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89 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">KHz massimi:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">44</TD><TR>
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90
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91 <TD COLSPAN=3><B><FONT CLASS="text">Gravis UltraSound MAX</B></TD><TR>
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92 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OSS:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OK</TD><TR>
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93 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">ALSA:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OK (?)</TD><TR>
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94 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">KHz massimi:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">48</TD><TR>
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95
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96 <TD COLSPAN=3><B><FONT CLASS="text">ESS 688</B></TD><TR>
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97 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OSS:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OK</TD><TR>
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98 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">ALSA:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OK (?)</TD><TR>
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99 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">KHz massimi:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">48</TD><TR>
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100
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101 <TD COLSPAN=3><B><FONT CLASS="text">Schede C-Media (quali?)</B></TD><TR>
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102 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OSS:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">non OK (sibila) (?)</TD><TR>
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103 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">ALSA:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OK (?)</TD><TR>
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104 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">KHz massimi:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">?</TD><TR>
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105
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106 <TD COLSPAN=3><B><FONT CLASS="text">Schede Yamaha (*ymf*)</B></TD><TR>
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107 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OSS:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">non OK (?) (forse -ao sdl)</TD><TR>
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108 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">ALSA:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OK solo con ALSA 0.5 con emulazione OSS <B>E</B> <I>-ao sdl</I> (!) (?)</TD><TR>
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109 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">KHz massimi:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">?</TD><TR>
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110
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111 <TD COLSPAN=3><B><FONT CLASS="text">Schede con chip envy24 (come Terratec EWS88MT)</B></TD><TR>
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112 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OSS:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">?</TD><TR>
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113 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OSS/Pro:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OK</TD><TR>
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114 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">ALSA:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">?</TD><TR>
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115 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">KHz massimi:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">?</TD><TR>
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116
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117 <TD COLSPAN=3><B><FONT CLASS="text">PC Speaker o DAC</B></TD><TR>
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118 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OSS:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OK (<I>usa il driver SDL : -ao sdl</I>)</TD><TR>
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119 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">ALSA:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">nessun driver</TD><TR>
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120 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">KHz massimi:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">il driver emula 44.1 forse più</TD><TR>
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121 <TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">Driver:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text"><A HREF="ftp://ftp.infradead.org/pub/pcsp">ftp://ftp.infradead.org/pub/pcsp</A></TD><TR>
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122 </TABLE></P>
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123
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124 <P><UL>
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125 <LI>su Linux, usa almeno il kernel 2.4 se possibile, il 2.2 non è stato testato
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126 <LI>se emette dei click leggendo da CD-ROM, abilita l' IRQ unmasking !
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127 per esempio "hdparm -u1 /dev/cdrom" (vedi "man hdparm" !!!)
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128 Questo è consigliato comunque... (per XMMS, ecc...)
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129 Leggi la sezione <A HREF="cd-dvd.html#4.1">4.1</A>.
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130 <LI>non usare la scheda sonora con altre applicazioni ( es. XMMS ) !
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131 se usi ESD, esegui MPlayer con l'opzione '-vo sdl:esd' !
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132 <LI>Per favore dicci come MPlayer e la tua scheda sonora hanno lavorato insieme!
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133 </UL></P>
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134
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135
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136 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.2.2>2.3.2.2. Plugin Audio</A></B></P>
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137
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138 <P><B>MPlayer</B> supporta plugin audio. Possono essere usati per
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139 cambiare le proprietà dei dati audio prima che raggiungano la scheda
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140 sonora. Sono abilitati con l'opzione <CODE>-aop</CODE> seguita da
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141 <CODE>list=plugin1,plugin2,...</CODE>. L'opzione <CODE>list</CODE> è
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142 necessaria e determina quali plugin devono essere usate e in quale ordine
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143 devono essere eseguite, esempio:
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144 </P>
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145
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146 <P>&nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=resample,format</CODE></P>
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147
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148 <P>farà passare il suono attraverso il plugin di ricampionamento seguito da quello di
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149 formattazione.
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150 </P>
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151
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152 <P>I plugin possono anche avere opzioni che ne modificano il comportamento. Queste
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153 sono spiegate in dettaglio nelle sezioni sotto. Un plugin sarà eseguito
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154 con la configurazione di default se non vengono date opzioni. Esempi di come usare
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155 plugin in combinazione con loro opzioni specifiche:
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156 </P>
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157
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158 <P>&nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop
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159 list=resample,format:fout=48000:format=0x8</CODE>
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160 </P>
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161
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162 <P>cambierà la frequenza di uscita del plugin di ricampionamento a 44100Hz e il formato
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163 output del plugin di formattazione a AFMT_U8.
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164 </P>
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165
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166 <P>Attualmente i plugin audio non possono essere usati in <B>MEncoder</B>.</P>
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167
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168
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169 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.2.2.1>2.3.2.2.1. Sopra/Sotto campionamento</A></B></P>
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170
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171 <P><B>MPlayer</B> supporta pienamente il sopra/sotto campionamento del suono. Questo plugin può
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172 per esempio essere usato se hai una scheda sonora a frequenza fissa o se sei
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173 bloccato con una vecchia scheda sonora in grado di dare al massimo 44.1kHz.
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174 Le limitazioni del tuo hardware non sono riconosciute automaticamente, quindi devi
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175 esplicitare la frequenza di campionamento. Questo plugin ha una opzione:
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176 <CODE>fout</CODE> che è usata per specificare la frequenza di output desiderata,
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177 di default 48kHz, ed è data in
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178 &lt;Hz&gt;.
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179 </P>
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180
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181 <P>Utilizzo :<BR>
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182 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=resample:fout=&lt;necessaria
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183 frequenza in Hz, come 44100&gt;</CODE></P>
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184
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185
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186 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.2.2.2>2.3.2.2.2. Decodifica Suono Surround</A></B></P>
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187
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188 <P><B>MPlayer</b> ha un plugin audio che puo decodificare una matrice di suono
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189 surround. Dolby Surround è un esempio di un formato di matrice.</p>
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190
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191 <P>Molti file con 2 canali in realtà contengono una matrice di suono
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192 surround.</p>
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193
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194 <P>Per usare questa caratteristica, devi avere una scheda sonora che supporta almeno 4 canali.</P>
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195
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196 <P>Utilizzo :<BR>
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197 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=surround</CODE></P>
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198
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199
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200 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.2.2.3>2.3.2.2.3. Convertitore del formato di campionamento</A></B></P>
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201
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202 <P>Se il driver della tua scheda sonora non supporta gli int signed a 16bit, questo plugin può
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203 essere usato per cambiare il formato ad uno compreso dalla tua scheda sonora. Ha
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204 una opzione <CODE>format</CODE> che può avere come valori uno dei numeri
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205 che si trovano in libao2/afmt.h. Questo plugin è difficilmente necessario ed è da intendersi per
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206 utenti avanzati. Nota che questo plugin cambia solo il formato di campionamento e
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207 non la frequenza o il numero di canali.
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208 </P>
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209
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210 <P>Utilizzo :<BR>
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211 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop
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212 list=format:format=&lt;necessario formato di output&gt;</CODE>
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213 </P>
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214
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215
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216 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.2.2.4>2.3.2.2.4. Ritardo</A></B></P>
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217
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218 <P>Questo plugin ritarda il suono ed è da intendersi come un esempio di come sviluppare
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219 nuovi plugin. Non può essere usato per niente di utile dalla prospettiva degli utenti
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220 ed è menzionato qui solo per dovere di completezza. Non usare questo plugin
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221 se non sei uno sviluppatore.</P>
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222
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223 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.2.2.5>2.3.2.2.5. Controllo volume via software</A></B></P>
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224
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225 <P>Questo plugin è un sostituto software per il controllo volume, e
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226 può essere usato in macchine con dispositivo mixer non funzionante. Può
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227 anche essere usato se si vuole modificare il volume di output da <B>MPlayer</B>
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228 senza cambiare le impostazioni del volume PCM del mixer. Ha una sola opzione
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229 <CODE>volume</CODE> che serve a impostare il volume
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230 iniziale. Può essere impostato a valori tra 0
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231 e 255 e il default è 101, uguale ad una amplificazione di 0dB. Usa questo plugin con attenzione in quanto
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232 può aumentare il rumore nel segnale. Nella maggior parte dei casi
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233 è meglio impostare il livello del suono PCM al massimo, lasciare perdere questo plugin
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234 e controllare il livello in output col controllo volume principale
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235 del mixer. Se è connesso al computer un aplificatore esterno
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236 (questo è quasi sempre il caso), il livello del rumore
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237 può essere minimizzato regolando le manopole del livello principale e del volume
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238 dell'amplificatore finchè il rumore sibilante sullo sfondo non sparisce.
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239 </P>
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240
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241 <P>Utilizzo :<BR>
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242 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop
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243 list=volume:volume=&lt;0-255&gt;</CODE>
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244 </P>
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245
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246 <P>Questo plugin ha anche un compressore o capacita di "ritaglio software".
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247 Si può usare la compressione se l'estensione dinamica del suono è molto
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248 grande o se l'estensione dinamica degli altoparlanti è molto bassa.
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249 Nota che questa caratteristica crea distorsioni e dovrebbe essere considerata
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250 come l'ultima risorsa.
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251 </P>
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252
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253 <P>Utilizzo :<BR>
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254 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop
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255 list=volume:softclip</CODE>
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256 </P>
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257
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258 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.2.2.6>2.3.2.2.6. Extrastereo</A></B></P>
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259
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260 <P>Questo plugin aumenta (linearmente) la differenza tra i canali destro e sinistro
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261 (come il plugin extrastereo di XMMS) che da un certo effetto "live" alla
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262 riproduzione.
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263 </P>
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264
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265 <P>Utilizzo :<BR>
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266 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=extrastereo</CODE><BR>
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267 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=extrastereo:mul=3.45</CODE></P>
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268
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269 <P>Il coefficiente di default (<CODE>mul</CODE>) è un numero razionale preimpostato
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270 a 2.5. Se lo si imposta a 0.0, si ottiene un suono mono (media di entrambi i canali),
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271 se lo si imposta a 1.0, il suono non risulterà cambiato.</P>
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272
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273
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274 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.2.2.7>2.3.2.2.7. Normalizzatore volume</A></B></P>
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275
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276 <P>Questo plugin massimizza il volume mantenendo il suono senza
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277 distorsioni.
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278 </P>
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279
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280 <P>Utilizzo :<BR>
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281 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=volnorm</CODE><BR>
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282 </BODY>
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283 </HTML>