annotate DOCS/xml/it/bugreports.xml @ 37182:1c64016edce3

Cosmetic: Place pkg-config options first.
author ib
date Tue, 09 Sep 2014 10:52:21 +0000
parents 556d87f557ed
children
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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2 <!-- synced with r23225 -->
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3 <appendix id="bugreports">
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4 <title>Come segnalare i bug (errori)</title>
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5
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6 <para>
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7 Buone segnalazioni di errori sono un contributo molto valido per lo sviluppo di
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8 un qualsiasi progetto software. Ma proprio come nello scrivere un buon
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9 software, scrivere buoni rapporti sui problemi richiede dell'impegno. Per favore
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10 considera che molti sviluppatori sono estremamente impegnati e ricevono immensi
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11 volumi di email. Perciò, mentre da un lato il tuo feedback è cruciale per
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12 migliorare <application>MPlayer</application> e molto apprezzato, per favore
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13 cerca di capire che devi fornire <emphasis role="bold">tutte</emphasis> le
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14 informazioni che chiediamo e seguire fedelmente le istruzioni qui documentate.
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15 </para>
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16
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17
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18 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -->
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19
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20
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21 <sect1 id="bugreports_security">
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22 <title>Come segnalare i bug di sicurezza (errori)</title>
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23
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24 <para>
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25 Nel caso in cui tu abbia trovato un bug pericoloso e vuoi fare la cosa giusta e
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26 lasciarcelo correggere prima di sfruttarlo, saremmo felici di avere la tua
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27 segnalazione di sicurezza a
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28 <ulink url="mailto:&#115;&#101;&#99;&#117;&#114;&#105;&#116;&#121;&#64;&#109;&#112;&#108;&#97;&#121;&#101;&#114;&#104;&#113;&#46;&#104;&#117;">&#115;&#101;&#99;&#117;&#114;&#105;&#116;&#121;&#64;&#109;&#112;&#108;&#97;&#121;&#101;&#114;&#104;&#113;&#46;&#104;&#117;</ulink>.
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29 Per favore aggiungi nell'oggetto [SECURITY] o [ADVISORY].
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30 Assicurati che il rapporto contenga l'analisi completa e dettagliata del bug.
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31 L'invio di una correzione è decisamente apprezzato.
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32 Per piacere non ritardare la segnalazione per scrivere un exploit che la provi,
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33 puoi inviarlo eventualmente con un'altra mail.
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34 </para>
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35 </sect1>
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36
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37
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38 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -->
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39
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40
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41 <sect1 id="bugreports_fix">
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42 <title>Come correggere i bug</title>
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43
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44 <para>
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45 Se pensi di avere le capacità necessarie, sei esortato a provare a correggere
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46 il bug per conto tuo. O forse lo hai già fatto? Leggi per favore
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47 <ulink url="../../tech/patches.txt">questo breve documento</ulink> per scoprire
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48 come far sì che il tuo codice venga incluso in
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49 <application>MPlayer</application>. Le persone sulla mailing list
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50 <ulink url="http://lists.mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-dev-eng">MPlayer-dev-eng</ulink>
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51 ti aiuteranno se avrai dei dubbi.
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52 </para>
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53 </sect1>
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54
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55
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56 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -->
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57
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58
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59 <sect1 id="bugreports_regression_test">
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60 <title>Come fare delle prove retroattive usando Subversion</title>
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61
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62 <para>
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63 Un problema che può capitare delle volte è 'prima funzionava, ora non
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64 funziona più...'.
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65 C'è una procedura passo passo per cercare di scoprire dove il problema si sia
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66 presentato. <emphasis role="bold">Non</emphasis> è destinata agli utenti
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67 casuali.
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68 </para>
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69
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70 <para>
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71 Per prima cosa, dovresti scaricare l'alberatura dei sorgenti di MPlayer da
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72 Subversion. Le istruzioni si possono trovare nella
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73 <ulink url="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/design7/dload.html#svn">sezione su Subversion nella pagina dei download</ulink>.
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74 </para>
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75
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76 <para>
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77 Troverai ora un immagine dell'archivio Subversion dentro alla directory
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78 mplayer/, dal lato client.
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79 Ora aggiorna questa immagine alla data che desideri:
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80 <screen>
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81 cd mplayer/
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82 svn update -r {"2004-08-23"}
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83 </screen>
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84 Il formato della data è YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.
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85 Usando questo formato di data ti garantisce di essere in grado di estrarre le
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86 path in base alla data in cui sono state applicate, come
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87 nell'<ulink url="http://lists.mplayerhq.hu/pipermail/mplayer-cvslog/">archivio
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88 MPlayer-cvslog</ulink>.
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89 </para>
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90
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91 <para>
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92 Ora procedi come per un normale aggiornamento:
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93 <screen>
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94 ./configure
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95 make
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96 </screen>
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97 </para>
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98
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99 <para>
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100 Per chi sta leggendo e non è un programmatore, il modo più veloce di trovare
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101 il punto dove si è presentato il problema è effettuare una ricerca binaria
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102 &mdash; che significa cercare la data della 'rottura' dividendo ripetutamente a
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103 metà l'intervallo di ricerca.
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104 Per esempio, se il problema si è presentato nel 2003, inizia da metà anno,
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105 poi chiediti "C'è già il problema qui?".
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106 Se sì, retrocedi fino al primo di aprile; se no, vai al primo di ottobre, e
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107 così via.
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108 </para>
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109
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110 <para>
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111 Se hai tanto spazio libero sul disco rigido (una compilazione completa occupa
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112 attualmente 100 MB, e circa 300-350 MB se si abilitano i simboli di debug),
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113 copiati la versione funzionante più vecchia prima di aggiornarla; questo ti
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114 farà risparmiare tempo se devi retrocedere.
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115 (Solitamente bisogna eseguire 'make distclean' prima di ricompilare una versione
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116 precedente, perciò se non ne hai una salvata, dovrai ricompilare tutto quanto
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117 quando ritorni alla verisone attuale.)
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118 </para>
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119
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120 <para>
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121 Dopo aver trovato il giorno in cui è nato l'errore, continua a cercare usando
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122 l'archivio mplayer-cvslog (ordinato per data) e un più preciso aggiornamento
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123 su svn con ora, minuto e secondo:
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124 <screen>
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125 svn update -r {"2004-08-23 15:17:25"}
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126 </screen>
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127 Questo ti permetterà di trovare facilmente la patch esatta che lo ha generato.
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128 </para>
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129
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130 <para>
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131 Se trovi la patch che è stata la causa del problema, hai quasi vinto;
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132 fai un rapporto su
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133 <ulink url="http://bugzilla.mplayerhq.hu/">MPlayer Bugzilla</ulink> o
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134 iscriviti a
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135 <ulink url="http://lists.mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-users">MPlayer-users</ulink>
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136 e postalo là.
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137 C'è anche la possibilità che l'autore intervenga consigliando una correzione.
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138 Puoi anche controllare attentamente la patch fino a quando la costringi a
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139 rivelarti dove stia il bug :-).
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140 </para>
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141 </sect1>
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142
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143
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144 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -->
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145
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146
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147 <sect1 id="bugreports_report">
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148 <title>Come segnalare i bug</title>
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149
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150 <para>
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151 Per prima cosa per favore prova la versione Subversion di
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152 <application>MPlayer</application> più recente visto che in essa il tuo bug
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153 potrebbe già essere stato risolto. Lo sviluppo avanza velocemente, la maggior
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154 parte dei problemi nei rilasci ufficiali sono segnalati in pochi giorni o poche
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155 ore, perciò parti <emphasis role="bold">solo da Subversion</emphasis> per
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156 segnalare i bug. Ciò include i pacchetti compilati di
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157 <application>MPlayer</application>. Le istruzioni per Subversion si possono
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158 trovare in fondo a
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159 <ulink url="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/dload.html">questa pagina</ulink> o nel
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160 README. Se ciò non ti è stato di aiuto, per favore fai riferimento
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161 al resto della
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162 documentazione. Se il tuo problema è sconosciuto oppure non risolvibile con le
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163 nostre indicazioni, allora per favore segnala il bug.
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164 </para>
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165
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166 <para>
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167 Per piacere non inviare segnalazioni di bug ai singoli sviluppatori in privato.
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168 Questo è un lavoro di comunità e quindi ci possono essere varie persone
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169 interessate ad esso. Alcune volte altri utenti hanno già avuto i tuoi problemi
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170 e sanno come aggirare un problema anche quando è un bug nel codice di
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171 <application>MPlayer</application>.
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172 </para>
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173
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174 <para>
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175 Per favore descrivi il tuo problema il più dettagliatamente possibile. Fai un
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176 piccolo lavoro di ricerca per evidenziare le circostanze in cui succede il
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177 problema. Il bug si presenta solo in alcune occasioni? E' specifico per certi
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178 file o tipi di file? Capita solo con un codec e è indipendente dal codec? Puoi
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179 riprodurlo con tutti i driver di uscita? Più informazioni fornisci, maggiori
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180 sono le nostre possibilità di correggere il tuo problema. Per favore non
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181 dimenticare di includere anche le importanti informazioni richieste qui sotto,
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182 altrimenti non saremo in grado di diagnosticare il problema.
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183 </para>
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184
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185 <para>
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186 Una guida eccellente e ben scritta su come fare domande in forum pubblici è
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187 <ulink url="http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html">How To Ask Questions The Smart Way</ulink>
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188 (<ulink url="http://xoomer.virgilio.it/army1987k">Come porre domande in modo intelligente</ulink>)
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189 di <ulink url="http://www.catb.org/~esr/">Eric S. Raymond</ulink>.
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190 Ce n'è un'altra chiamata
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191 <ulink url="http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/bugs-it.html">Come
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192 segnalare bug efficacemente</ulink>
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193 di <ulink url="http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/">Simon Tatham</ulink>.
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194 Se segui queste linee guida dovresti poter ottenere aiuto.. Ma per favore tieni
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195 conto che tutti noi seguiamo le mailing list volontariamente nel tempo libero.
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196 Siamo molto occupati e non possiamo garantire che otterrai una soluzione per il
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197 tuo problema o anche solo una risposta.
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198 </para>
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199 </sect1>
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200
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201
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202 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -->
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203
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204
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205 <sect1 id="bugreports_where">
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206 <title>Dove segnalare i bug</title>
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207
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208 <para>
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209 Iscriviti alla mailing list MPlayer-users:
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210 <ulink url="http://lists.mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-users"/>
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211 e invia il tuo rapporto sul bug a
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212 <ulink url="mailto:mplayer-users@mplayerhq.hu"/> dove puoi discuterlo.
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213 </para>
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214
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215 <para>
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216 Se preferisci puoi invece usare il nostro bel nuovo
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217 <ulink url="http://bugzilla.mplayerhq.hu/">Bugzilla</ulink>.
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218 </para>
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219
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220 <para>
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221 La lingua di questa lista è l'<emphasis role="bold">inglese</emphasis>.
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222 Per favore segui gli standard delle
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223 <ulink url="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1855.txt">Linee guida della Netiquette</ulink>
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224 e <emphasis role="bold">non inviare email in HTML</emphasis> ad alcuna delle
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225 nostre mailing list. Verrai semplicemente ignorato bandito. Se non sai cosa sia
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226 una mail in HTML o perché sia il male, leggi questo
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227 <ulink url="http://efn.no/html-bad.html">buon documento</ulink>.
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228 Ti spiega tutto in dettaglio e contiene le istruzioni per disabilitare l'HTML.
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229 Inoltre nota che non rispondiamo in CC (copia carbone) alle persone, quindi è
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230 una buona idea iscriversi per poter effettivamente ricevere la risposta.
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231 </para>
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232 </sect1>
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233
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234
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235 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -->
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236
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237
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238 <sect1 id="bugreports_what">
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239 <title>Cosa riportare</title>
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240
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241 <para>
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242 Potrebbe servire che tu includa nel tuo rapporto sul bug registrazioni,
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243 configurazioni o file di esempio. Se alcune di queste cose sono abbastanza
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244 grandi, è meglio caricarle sul nostro
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245 <ulink url="ftp://upload.mplayerhq.hu/incoming/">server FTP</ulink> in
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246 un formato compresso (si preferiscono gzip e bzip2) e inserisci nel rapporto
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247 solo il nome e il percorso del file. Le nostre mailing list hanno un limite
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248 sulla dimensione di 80k, se hai qualcosa di più grande devi comprimerlo o
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249 caricarlo.
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250 </para>
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251
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252 <!-- ********** -->
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253
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254 <sect2 id="bugreports_system">
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255 <title>Informazioni di Sistema</title>
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256
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257 <para>
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258 <itemizedlist>
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259 <listitem><para>
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260 La tua distribuzione Linux o il sistema operativo e la versione, per es.:
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261 <itemizedlist>
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262 <listitem><para>Red Hat 7.1</para></listitem>
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263 <listitem><para>Slackware 7.0 + pacchetti sviluppo dalla 7.1 ...</para></listitem>
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264 </itemizedlist>
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265 </para></listitem>
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266 <listitem><para>
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267 La versione del kernel:
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268 <screen>uname -a</screen>
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269 </para></listitem>
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270 <listitem><para>
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271 La versione di libc:
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272 <screen>ls -l /lib/libc[.-]*</screen>
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273 </para></listitem>
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274 <listitem><para>
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275 Le versioni di gcc e di ld:
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276 <screen>
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277 gcc -v
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278 ld -v<!--
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279 --></screen>
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280 </para></listitem>
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281 <listitem><para>
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282 La versione di binutils:
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283 <screen>as --version</screen>
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284 </para></listitem>
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285 <listitem><para>
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286 Se hai dei problemi con la modalità a schermo intero:
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287 <itemizedlist>
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288 <listitem><para>Il tipo di gestore di finestre e la versione</para></listitem>
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289 </itemizedlist>
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290 </para></listitem>
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291 <listitem><para>
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292 Se hai dei problemi con XVIDIX:
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293 <itemizedlist>
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294 <listitem><para>
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295 La profondità colore di X:
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296 <screen>xdpyinfo | grep "depth of root"</screen>
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297 </para></listitem>
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298 </itemizedlist>
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299 </para></listitem>
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300 <listitem><para>
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301 Se i bug sono solo nella GUI:
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302 <itemizedlist>
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303 <listitem><para>La versione di GTK</para></listitem>
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304 <listitem><para>La versione di GLIB</para></listitem>
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305 <listitem><para>La situazione della GUI in cui il bug si presenta</para></listitem>
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306 </itemizedlist>
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307 </para></listitem>
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308 </itemizedlist>
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309 </para>
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310 </sect2>
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311
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312 <!-- ********** -->
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313
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314 <sect2 id="bugreports_hardware">
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315 <title>Hardware e driver</title>
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316
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317 <para>
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318 <itemizedlist>
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319 <listitem><para>
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320 Informazioni CPU (questo funziona solo in Linux):
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321 <screen>cat /proc/cpuinfo</screen>
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322 </para></listitem>
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323 <listitem><para>
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324 La marca della scheda video ed il modello, per es.:
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325 <itemizedlist>
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326 <listitem><para>ASUS V3800U chip: nVidia TNT2 Ultra pro 32MB SDRAM</para></listitem>
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327 <listitem><para>Matrox G400 DH 32MB SGRAM</para></listitem>
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328 </itemizedlist>
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329 </para></listitem>
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330 <listitem><para>
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331 Il tipo di driver video &amp; la versione, per es.:
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332 <itemizedlist>
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333 <listitem><para>X built-in driver</para></listitem>
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334 <listitem><para>nVidia 0.9.623</para></listitem>
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335 <listitem><para>Utah-GLX CVS 2001-02-17</para></listitem>
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336 <listitem><para>DRI from X 4.0.3</para></listitem>
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337 </itemizedlist>
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338 </para></listitem>
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339 <listitem><para>
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340 Il tipo di scheda video &amp; driver, per es.:
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341 <itemizedlist>
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342 <listitem><para>Creative SBLive! Gold with OSS driver from oss.creative.com</para></listitem>
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343 <listitem><para>Creative SB16 with kernel OSS drivers</para></listitem>
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344 <listitem><para>GUS PnP with ALSA OSS emulation</para></listitem>
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345 </itemizedlist>
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346 </para></listitem>
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347 <listitem><para>
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348 Se hai dei dubbi includi l'emissione di <command>lspci -vv</command> su
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349 sitemi Linux.
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350 </para></listitem>
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351 </itemizedlist>
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352 </para>
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353 </sect2>
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354
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355 <!-- ********** -->
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356
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357 <sect2 id="bugreports_configure">
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358 <title>Problemi del configure</title>
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359
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360 <para>
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361 Se ricevi degli errori eseguendo <command>./configure</command>, o se fallisce
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362 la rilevazione automatica di qualcosa, leggi <filename>config.log</filename>.
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363 Puoi travarci la soluzione, per esempio varie versioni della stessa libreria
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364 mescolate sul tuo sistema, o hai dimenticato di installare il pacchetto di
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365 scviluppo (quelli con il suffisso -dev). Se pensi ci sia un bug, includi
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366 <filename>config.log</filename> nel tuo rapporto sul bug stesso.
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367 </para>
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368 </sect2>
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369
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370 <sect2 id="bugreports_compilation">
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371 <title>Problemi di compilazione</title>
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372
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373 <para>
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374 Per favore includi questi file:
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375 <itemizedlist>
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376 <listitem><para>config.h</para></listitem>
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377 <listitem><para>config.mak</para></listitem>
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378 </itemizedlist>
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379 </para>
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380 </sect2>
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381
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382 <!-- ********** -->
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383
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384 <sect2 id="bugreports_playback">
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385 <title>Problemi in riproduzione</title>
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386
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387 <para>
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388 Per favore includi l'output di <application>MPlayer</application> al livello
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389 di verbosità 1, ma ricorda di
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390 <emphasis role="bold">non troncare tale output</emphasis> quando lo incolli
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391 nella tua mail. Agli sviluppatori servono tutti i messaggi per diagnosticare
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392 correttamente un problema. Puoi redirigere l'output in un file in questo modo:
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393 <screen>
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394 mplayer -v <replaceable>options</replaceable> <replaceable>filename</replaceable> &gt; mplayer.log 2&gt;&amp;1
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395 </screen>
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396 </para>
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397
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398 <para>
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399 Se il tuo problema è specifico per uno o più file,
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400 allora per favore carica quello/i incriminato/i in:
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401 <ulink url="ftp://upload.mplayerhq.hu/incoming/"/>
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402 </para>
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403
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404 <para>
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405 Carica anche un piccolo file di testo con lo stesso nome di base del file, con
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406 un'estensione .txt. Descrivi il problema che hai con quel particolare file e
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407 includi il tuo indirizzo email così come ll'ouptut di
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408 <application>MPlayer</application> all livello 1 di verbosità.
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409 Solitamente i primi 1-5 MB di un file sono abbastanza per riprodurre il
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410 problema, ma per esserne certi ti chiediamo di fare:
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411 <screen>
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412 dd if=<replaceable>tuo_file</replaceable> of=<replaceable>piccolo_file</replaceable> bs=1024k count=5
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413 </screen>
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414 Questo copierà i primi 5 mega di '<emphasis role="bold">tuo_file</emphasis>'
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415 e li scriverà su '<emphasis role="bold">piccolo_file</emphasis>'. Dopo prova
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416 di nuovo con il file piccolo e se il problema si presenta ancora per noi è
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417 sufficiente. Per piacere <emphasis role="bold">non inviare mai</emphasis> questi
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418 file via mail! Caricali sull'FTP, e manda solo il percorso/nome del file nel
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419 server FTP. Se il file è raggiungibile in rete, allora è sufficiente inviare
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420 l'URL <emphasis role="bold">preciso</emphasis>.
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421 </para>
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422 </sect2>
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423
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424 <!-- ********** -->
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425
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426 <sect2 id="bugreports_crash">
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427 <title>Crash</title>
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428
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429 <para>
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430 Devi eseguire <application>MPlayer</application> dentro a <command>gdb</command>
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431 e mandarci l'output completo oppure se hai un <filename>core</filename> dump
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432 del crash puoi ricavare informazioni utili dal Core file. Qui spiega come:
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433 </para>
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434
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435
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436 <sect3 id="bugreports_debug">
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437 <title>Come conservare le informazioni di un crash riproducibile</title>
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438
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439 <para>
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440 Ricompila <application>MPlayer</application> con il codice di debug abilitato:
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441 <screen>
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442 ./configure --enable-debug=3
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443 make
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444 </screen>
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445 e poi esegui <application>MPlayer</application> da dentro gdb usando:
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446 <screen>gdb ./mplayer</screen>
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447 Ora sei dentro gdb, Scrivi:
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448 <screen>
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449 run -v <replaceable>opzioni-per-mplayer</replaceable> <replaceable>nomefile</replaceable>
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450 </screen>
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451 e riproduci il tuo crash. Appena ci sei riuscito, gdb ti ripresenterà il
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452 prompt dei comandi, dove devi digitare
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453 <screen>
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454 bt
35125
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ib
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455 disass $pc-32,$pc+32
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456 info all-registers
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457 </screen>
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458 </para>
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459 </sect3>
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460
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461
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462 <sect3 id="bugreports_core">
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463 <title>Come ricavare informazioni significative da un core dump</title>
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464
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465 <para>
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466 Genera il file di comandi seguente:
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467 <screen>
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468 bt
35125
556d87f557ed Fix arguments of disassemble command
ib
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469 disass $pc-32,$pc+32
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470 info all-registers
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471 </screen>
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472 Poi lancia semplicemente questo comando:
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473 <screen>
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474 gdb mplayer --core=core -batch --command=file_comandi &gt; mplayer.bug
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475 </screen>
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476 </para>
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477 </sect3>
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478 </sect2>
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479 </sect1>
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480
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481
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482 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -->
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483
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484
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485 <sect1 id="bugreports_advusers">
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486 <title>So quello che sto facendo...</title>
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487
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488 <para>
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489 Se hai generato un rapporto adeguato sul bug seguendo i passi suddetti e sei
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490 certo che sia un bug in <application>MPlayer</application> e non un problema
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491 del compilatore o di un file danneggiato, se hai già letto la documentazione
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492 non sei riuscito a trovare una soluzione, i tuoi driver audio sono OK, allora
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493 potresti voler iscriverti alla lista MPlayer-advusers e inviare lì il tuo
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494 rapporto per ottenere una riposta migliore e più rapida.
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495 </para>
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496
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497 <para>
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498 Renditi per favore conto che se invii lì domande da niubbo o domande che hanno
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499 già una risposta nel manuale, sarai ignorato o alimenterai un flame, invece
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500 di ottenere una risposta adeguata. Non generare flame contro di noi e iscriviti
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501 a -advusers solo se sai davvero cosa stai facendo e senti di essere un utente
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502 avanzato di <application>MPlayer</application> o uno sviuppatore. Se rientri in
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503 questi ranghi non dovrebbe esserti difficile scoprire come iscriverti...
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504 </para>
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505 </sect1>
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506
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507 </appendix>