annotate DOCS/xml/ru/bugreports.xml @ 13981:3e82594ec231

correct encoding
author diego
date Fri, 19 Nov 2004 18:34:33 +0000
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children 83c1acef76d5
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
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2 <!-- synced with 1.10 -->
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3 <appendix id="bugreports">
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4 <title>Как сообщать об ошибках</title>
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5 <para>
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6 Хорошие сообщения об ошибках вносят значительный вклад в разработку любого
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7 программного продукта. Но, как и написание хорошей программы, хорошее сообщение
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8 об ошибке включает в себя некую долю работы. Пожалуйста, осознайте, что
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9 большинство разработчиков &mdash; занятые люди, получающие огромное количество
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10 писем. Поэтому, хотя Ваши отзывы необходимы для улучшения <application>MPlayer</application>'а, хотя
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11 они очень приветствуются, пожалуйста поймите, что Вы должны предоставить
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12 <emphasis role="bold">Всю</emphasis> требуемую нами информацию, поэтому точно
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13 следуйте инструкциям в этом документе.
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14 </para>
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15 <sect1 id="bugreports_fix">
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16 <title>Как исправить ошибку</title>
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17 <para>
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18 Если Вы ощущаете в себе достаточно сил и умения для самостоятельного решения
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19 проблемы, пожалуйста, сделайте это. Или может быть Вы уже это сделали?
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20 Пожалуйста, прочитайте <ulink url="../../tech/patches.txt">этот короткий
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21 документ</ulink>, чтобы узнать, как сделать так, чтобы Ваш код включили
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22 в <application>MPlayer</application>. Люди из рассылки
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23 <ulink url="http://mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-dev-eng">mplayer-dev-eng</ulink>
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24 помогут Вас, если у Вас есть вопросы.
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25 </para>
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26 </sect1>
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27 <sect1 id="bugreports_report">
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28 <title>Как сообщить об ошибке</title>
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29 <para>
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30 Прежде всего, пожалуйста, попробуйте использовать новейшую CVS версию
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31 <application>MPlayer</application>'а, поскольку Ваша ошибка уже может быть исправлена. Разработка
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32 продвигается очень быстро, большинство проблем в официальных релизах сообщается
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33 в течение дней, и даже часов, после релиза, поэтому, пожалуйста, для сообщений
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34 об ошибках используйте <emphasis role="bold">только CVS</emphasis>. Это
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35 включает и бинарные пакеты <application>MPlayer</application>'а. Вы найдёте инструкции по CVS внизу
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36 <ulink url="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/homepage/dload.html">этой страницы</ulink>
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37 или в README. Если это не помогло, пожалуйста, обратитесь к списку
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38 <link linkend="bugs">известных ошибок</link> и остальной документации. Если
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39 Ваша проблема не известна или не решается с помощью наших инструкций,
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40 пожалуйста, сообщите об ошибке.
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41 </para>
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42
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43 <para>
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44 Пожалуйста, не присылайте сообщения об ошибках лично какому-нибудь разработчику.
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45 Это командная работа, и, поэтому, Вашим сообщением могут заинтересоваться
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46 несколько человек. Довольно часто бывает, что пользователи уже сталкивались
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47 с Вашей проблемой и знают, как обойти проблему, даже если это ошибка в коде
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48 <application>MPlayer</application>'а.
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49 </para>
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50
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51 <para>
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52 Пожалуйста, опишите Вашу проблему настолько подробно, насколько возможно.
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53 Проведите маленькое расследование, чтобы выяснить условия, при которых возникает
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54 проблема. Проявляется ли ошибка только в каких-то конкретных ситуациях?
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55 Она специфична только для каких-то файлов или типов файлов? Происходит ли это
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56 с каким-то одним кодеком, или это не зависит от кодека? Можете ли Вы
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57 воспроизвести это со всеми драйверами вывода? Чем больше Вы предоставите
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58 информации, тем выше вероятность того, что мы сможем исправить ошибку.
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59 Пожалуйста, не забудьте включить важную информацию, которую мы просим ниже,
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60 иначе мы не сможем должным образом диагностировать Вашу проблему.
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61 </para>
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62
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63 <para>
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64 Великолепное, отлично написанное руководство по задаванию вопросов
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65 на общедоступных форумах &mdash; это
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66 <ulink url="http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html">How To Ask
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67 Questions The Smart Way[Как Задавать Вопросы. Правильный Путь.]</ulink>,
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68 написанное <ulink url="http://www.catb.org/~esr/">Eric S. Raymond</ulink>.
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69 Есть и другое &mdash;
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70 <ulink url="http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/bugs.html">How to Report
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71 Bugs Effectively[Как Эффективно Сообщить об Ошибке]</ulink>, написанное <ulink
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72 url="http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/">Simon Tatham</ulink>.
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73 Если Вы будете следовать этим указаниям, Вы сможете получить помощь. Но,
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74 пожалуйста, учтите, что мы добровольно отслеживаем рассылки в свободное время.
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75 Мы очень заняты и не можем гарантировать, что Вы получите решение для Вашей
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76 проблемы (или хотя бы ответ).
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77 </para>
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78
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79 </sect1>
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80
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81 <sect1 id="bugreports_where">
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82 <title>Куда сообщать об ошибках</title>
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83 <para>
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84 Подпишитесь на рассылку mplayer-users:
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85 <ulink url="http://mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-users"/>
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86 и отошлите Ваше сообщение на:
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87 <ulink url="mailto:mplayer-users@mplayerhq.hu"/>,
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88 где Вы сможете его обсудить.
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89 </para>
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90 <para>
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91 Или, если хотите, Вы можете использовать нашу новую
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92 <ulink url="http://bugzilla.mplayerhq.hu/">Bugzilla</ulink>.
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93 </para>
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94 <para>
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95 Язык этой рассылки &mdash; <emphasis role="bold">английский</emphasis>.
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96 Пожалуйста, следуйте стандарту <ulink url="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1855.txt">
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97 Netiquette Guidelines[Руководство по Сетевому Этикету]</ulink> и
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98 <emphasis role="bold">не присылайте HTML почту</emphasis> ни на какую из наших
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99 рассылок. Вас просто проигнорируют или забанят. Если Вы хотите узнать, что такое
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100 HTML почта и почему это &mdash; зло, прочтите
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101 <ulink url="http://expita.com/nomime.html">этот документ</ulink>. Он объяснит
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102 Вам все детали и содержит инструкции по отключению HTML. Также обратите
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103 внимание, что мы не будем индивидуально CC (отсылать копии) людям, а поэтому
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104 подписаться &mdash; хорошая идея, если Вы хотите получить ответ.
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105 </para>
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106 </sect1>
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107
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108 <sect1 id="bugreports_what">
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109 <title>Что сообщать</title>
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110 <para>
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111 Вам необходимо включить лог, конфигурацию или примеры файлов в сообщение
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112 об ошибке. Если что-то из этого большое, то лучше загрузить это на наш
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113 <ulink url="ftp://mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/incoming/">FTP сервер</ulink>
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114 в сжатом виде (предпочтительно gzip или bzip2) и включить в сообщение
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115 об ошибке только путь и имя файла. На наших рассылках стоит ограничение размера
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116 сообщения в 80Кб. Если у Вас что-то большее, то сожмите или загрузите это.
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117 </para>
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118
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119 <sect2 id="bugreports_system">
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120 <title>Системная информация</title>
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121 <para>
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122 <itemizedlist>
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123 <listitem><para>
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124 Ваш дистрибутив Linux или операционная система и версия, например:
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125 <itemizedlist>
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126 <listitem><para>Red Hat 7.1</para></listitem>
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127 <listitem><para>Slackware 7.0 + пакеты разработки из 7.1 ...</para></listitem>
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128 </itemizedlist>
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129 </para></listitem>
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130 <listitem><para>
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131 версию ядра:
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132 <screen>uname -a</screen>
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133 </para></listitem>
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134 <listitem><para>
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135 версию libc:
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136 <screen>ls -l /lib/libc[.-]*</screen>
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137 </para></listitem>
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138 <listitem><para>
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139 версии gcc и ld:
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140 <screen>
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141 gcc -v
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142 ld -v
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143 </screen>
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144 </para></listitem>
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145 <listitem><para>
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146 версия binutils:
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147 <screen>
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148 as --version
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149 </screen>
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150 </para></listitem>
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151 <listitem><para>
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152 Если у Вас проблемы с полноэкранным режимом:
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153 <itemizedlist>
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154 <listitem><para>Тип оконного менеджера и версия</para></listitem>
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155 </itemizedlist>
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156 </para></listitem>
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157 <listitem><para>
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158 Если у Вас проблема с XVIDIX:
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159 <itemizedlist>
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160 <listitem><para>глубина цвета X'ов:
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161 <screen>xdpyinfo | grep &quot;depth of root&quot;</screen>
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162 </para></listitem>
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163 </itemizedlist>
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lumag
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164 </para></listitem>
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165 <listitem><para>
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lumag
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166 Если глючит только GUI:
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lumag
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167 <itemizedlist>
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lumag
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168 <listitem><para>версия GTK</para></listitem>
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169 <listitem><para>версия GLIB</para></listitem>
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170 <listitem><para>версия libpng</para></listitem>
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171 <listitem><para>ситуация с GUI, в которых проявляется проблема</para></listitem>
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172 </itemizedlist>
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173 </para></listitem>
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174 </itemizedlist>
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175 </para>
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176 </sect2>
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177
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178 <sect2 id="bugreports_hardware">
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179 <title>Аппаратура и драйверы</title>
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lumag
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180 <para>
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lumag
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181 <itemizedlist>
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182 <listitem><para>
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183 Информация о CPU (это сработает только под Linux):
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lumag
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184 <screen>cat /proc/cpuinfo</screen>
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185 </para></listitem>
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186 <listitem><para>
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lumag
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187 Производитель и модель видео карты, например:
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188 <itemizedlist>
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189 <listitem><para>ASUS V3800U чип: nVidia TNT2 Ultra pro 32MB SDRAM</para></listitem>
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190 <listitem><para>Matrox G400 DH 32MB SGRAM</para></listitem>
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191 </itemizedlist>
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192 </para></listitem>
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lumag
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193 <listitem><para>
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lumag
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194 Тип драйвера и версия, например:
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lumag
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195 <itemizedlist>
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196 <listitem><para>Встроенный в X'ы</para></listitem>
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197 <listitem><para>nVidia 0.9.623</para></listitem>
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198 <listitem><para>Utah-GLX CVS 2001-02-17</para></listitem>
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199 <listitem><para>DRI из X 4.0.3</para></listitem>
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200 </itemizedlist>
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201 </para></listitem>
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lumag
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202 <listitem><para>
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lumag
parents:
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203 Тип и драйвер звуковой карты, например:
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lumag
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204 <itemizedlist>
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205 <listitem><para>Creative SBLive! Gold с OSS драйверами от oss.creative.com</para></listitem>
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206 <listitem><para>Creative SB16 с OSS драйверами из ядра</para></listitem>
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lumag
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207 <listitem><para>GUS PnP с ALSA OSS эмуляцией</para></listitem>
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lumag
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208 </itemizedlist>
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209 </para></listitem>
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lumag
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210 <listitem><para>
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lumag
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211 Если Вы сомневаетесь, на Linux системах включите вывод
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212 <command>lspci -vv</command>.
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213 </para></listitem>
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214 </itemizedlist>
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215 </para>
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216 </sect2>
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217
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218 <sect2 id="bugreports_configure">
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219 <title>Проблемы конфигурации</title>
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220 <para>
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221 Если Вы получаете ошибку при выполнении <command>./configure</command>, или если
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222 автоопределение чего-то не срабатывает, прочитайте <filename>configure.log
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lumag
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223 </filename>. Там Вы можете обнаружить ответ, например если у Вас стоят несколько
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lumag
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224 версий одной библиотеки, или если Вы забыли установить пакет разработки (тот
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225 самый, с суффиксом -dev). Если Вы думаете, что это ошибка, включите в сообщение
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226 файл <filename>configure.log</filename>.
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227 </para>
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228 </sect2>
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229
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230 <sect2 id="bugreports_conpilation">
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lumag
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231 <title>Проблемы компиляции</title>
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lumag
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232 <para>
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lumag
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233 Пожалуйста, включите эти файлы:
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234 <itemizedlist>
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235 <listitem><para>config.h</para></listitem>
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236 <listitem><para>config.mak</para></listitem>
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237 </itemizedlist>
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lumag
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238 Если компиляция ломается в одном из этих каталогов, включите эти файлы:
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239 <itemizedlist>
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240 <listitem><para>Gui/config.mak</para></listitem>
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lumag
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241 <listitem><para>libvo/config.mak</para></listitem>
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lumag
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242 <listitem><para>libao2/config.mak</para></listitem>
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lumag
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243 </itemizedlist>
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244 </para>
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245 </sect2>
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246
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247 <sect2 id="bugreports_playback">
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lumag
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248 <title>Проблемы при воспроизведении</title>
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lumag
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249 <para>
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250 Пожалуйста, включите вывод <application>MPlayer</application>'а с уровнем
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251 &quot;многословности&quot;[verbose] 1, но запомните: <emphasis role="bold">не
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lumag
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252 сокращайте вывод</emphasis>, когда Вы его вставляете в почту. Разработчикам
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253 понадобятся все сообщения, чтобы правильно диагностировать проблему. Вы можете
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254 направить вывод в файл, например так:
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255 <screen>mplayer -v <replaceable>options</replaceable> <replaceable>filename</replaceable> &gt; mplayer.log 2&gt;&amp;1</screen>
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256 </para>
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257
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258 <para>
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lumag
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259 Если проблема специфична для одного или нескольких файлов, пожалуйста, загрузите
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260 проблемные файлы на:
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261 <ulink url="ftp://mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/incoming/"/>
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262 </para>
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lumag
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263
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264 <para>
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265 Также загрузите маленький текстовый файл с базовым именем как у Вашего файла и
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266 расширением <filename>.txt</filename>. Опишите проблему, возникающую у Вас
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267 с соответствующим файлом и включите ваш электронный адрес и вывод <application>MPlayer</application>'а
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268 с уровнем &quot;многословности&quot; 1. Куска файла размером 1-5 Мб обычно
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269 бывает достаточно, чтобы воспроизвести проблему, но чтобы быть уверенными,
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lumag
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270 мы просим вас сделать:
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271 <screen>dd if=<replaceable>yourfile</replaceable> of=<replaceable>smallfile</replaceable> bs=1024k count=5</screen>
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272 Это запишет первые 5 Мб файла '<emphasis role="bold">your-file</emphasis>' и
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lumag
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273 запишет в файл '<emphasis role="bold">small-file</emphasis>'. Теперь снова
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lumag
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274 попытайтесь с эти маленьким файлом, и если проблема все ещё проявляется,
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lumag
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275 тогда этого примера будет достаточно для нас. Пожалуйста,
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276 <emphasis role="bold">никогда</emphasis> не отсылайте эти файлы по почте!
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277 Загрузите его и отошлите только путь/имя файла не FTP-сервере. Если файл
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278 доступен по сети, тогда просто пришлите <emphasis role="bold">точный</emphasis>
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lumag
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279 URL, и этого будет достаточно.
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lumag
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280 </para>
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lumag
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281 </sect2>
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282
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283 <sect2 id="bugreports_crash">
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lumag
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284 <title>Краши[crash]</title>
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285 <para>
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lumag
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286 Вы должны запустить <application>MPlayer</application> внутри <command>gdb</command>
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lumag
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287 и прислать нам полный вывод, или , если у Вас есть <filename>core</filename>
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lumag
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288 dump поломки, Вы можете извлечь необходимую полезную информацию из файла
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lumag
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289 core. Вот как:
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290 </para>
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lumag
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291
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lumag
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292 <sect3 id="bugreports_debug">
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lumag
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293 <title>Как сохранить информацию о воспроизводимом краше</title>
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294 <para>
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295 Перекомпилируйте <application>MPlayer</application> с включённым кодом отладки:
10933
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296 <screen>
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lumag
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297 ./configure --enable-debug=3
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lumag
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298 make
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299 </screen>
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300 и запустите <application>MPlayer</application> внутри gdb:
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301 <screen>gdb ./mplayer</screen>
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lumag
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302 Теперь вы в gdb. Наберите:
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303 <screen>run -v <replaceable>опции-для-mplayer</replaceable> <replaceable>имя-файла</replaceable></screen>
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304 и воспроизведите краш. Как только Вы это сделаете, gdb вернёт Вас к приглашению
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lumag
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305 командной строки, где Вы должны набрать
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lumag
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306 <screen>
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lumag
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307 bt
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lumag
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diff changeset
308 disass $pc-32 $pc+32
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lumag
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309 info all-registers
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310 </screen>
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lumag
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311 </para>
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312 </sect3>
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lumag
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313
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lumag
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314 <sect3 id="bugreports_core">
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lumag
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315 <title>Как извлечь полезную информацию из дампа [core dump]</title>
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lumag
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316 <para>
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lumag
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317 Создайте следующий командный файл:
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lumag
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318 <screen>
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lumag
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319 bt
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lumag
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320 disass $pc-32 $pc+32
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lumag
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321 info all-registers
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322 </screen>
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lumag
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323 Теперь просто выполните такую команду:
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lumag
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324 <screen>gdb mplayer --core=core -batch --command=<replaceable>командный-файл</replaceable> &gt; mplayer.bug</screen>
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325 </para>
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326 </sect3>
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327 </sect2>
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lumag
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328 </sect1>
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lumag
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329
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330 <sect1 id="bugreports_advusers">
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lumag
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331 <title>Я знаю, что я делаю...</title>
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lumag
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332 <para>
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333 Если Вы создали правильное сообщение об ошибке так, как рассказано выше, и Вы
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334 уверены, что это ошибка в <application>MPlayer</application>'е, а не ошибка компилятора или плохой файл,
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lumag
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335 Вы уже прочли всю документацию и не можете найти решение, ваши звуковые драйвера
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336 в порядке, тогда Вы можете подписаться на рассылку mplayer-advusers и прислать
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lumag
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337 сообщение об ошибке туда, чтобы получить более точный и быстрый ответ.
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338 </para>
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339
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340 <para>
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341 Обратите внимание, что если Вы будете отсылать туда вопросы новичков или
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342 вопросы, на которые ответы присутствуют в документации, то Вас проигнорируют
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343 или обругают вместо того, чтобы ответить. Поэтому не заваливайте нас мелочами
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344 и подписывайтесь на -advusers только, если Вы действительно знаете, что Вы
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345 делаете, и ощущаете себя продвинутым пользователем или разработчиком <application>MPlayer</application>'а.
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346 Если подходите под этот критерий, Вам не составит труда понять, как надо
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347 подписаться...
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348 </para>
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349
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350 </sect1>
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351
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352 </appendix>