Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/tech/nut.txt @ 20823:507efc9b161b
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author | michael |
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date | Fri, 10 Nov 2006 17:51:44 +0000 |
parents | 684313be54f6 |
children | 60754557f39a |
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1 ================================== |
20658 | 2 NUT Open Container Format 20061104 |
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3 ================================== |
9294 | 4 |
5 | |
6 | |
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7 Intro: |
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8 ====== |
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9 |
20649 | 10 NUT is a Free multimedia container format for storeage of audio, video, |
11 subtitles and related user defined streams, it provides exact timestamps for | |
12 synchronization and seeking, is simple, has low overhead and can recover | |
13 in case of errors in the stream | |
14 | |
15 other common multimedia container formats are AVI, OGG, Matroska, MP4, MOV | |
16 ASF, MPEG-PS, MPEG-TS | |
17 | |
18 | |
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19 Features / goals: |
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20 (supported by the format, not necessarily by a specific implementation) |
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21 |
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22 Simple |
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23 use the same encoding for nearly all fields |
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24 simple decoding, so slow CPUs (and embedded systems) can handle it |
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25 |
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26 Extendible |
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27 no limit for the possible values of all fields (using universal vlc) |
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28 allow adding of new headers in the future |
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29 allow adding more fields at the end of headers |
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30 |
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31 Compact |
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32 ~0.2% overhead, for normal bitrates |
17438 | 33 index is <100kb per hour |
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34 a usual header for a file is about 100 bytes (audio + video headers together) |
17326 | 35 a packet header is about ~1-5 bytes |
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36 |
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37 Error resistant |
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38 seeking / playback without an index |
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39 headers & index can be repeated |
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40 damaged files can be played back with minimal data loss and fast |
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41 resync times |
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42 |
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43 The spec is frozen. All files following spec will be compatible unless the |
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44 spec is unfrozen. |
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45 |
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46 |
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47 Definitions: |
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48 ============ |
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49 |
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50 MUST the specific part must be done to conform to this standard |
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51 SHOULD it is recommended to be done that way, but not strictly required |
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52 |
20622 | 53 keyframe |
20772 | 54 A keyframe is a frame from which you can start decoding, a more |
55 exact definition is below | |
20631 | 56 The nth frame is a keyframe if and only if frames n, n+1, ... in |
57 presentation order (that are all frames with a pts >= frame[n].pts) can | |
58 be decoded successfully without reference to frames prior n in storeage | |
59 order (that are all frames with a dts < frame[n].dts) | |
60 if no such frames exist (for example due to use of overlapped transforms | |
61 like the MDCT in an audio codec) then the definition shall be extended | |
62 by droping n out of the set of frames which must be decodable, if this | |
63 is still insufficient then n+1 shall be droped, and so on until there is | |
64 a keyframe | |
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65 every frame which is marked as a keyframe MUST be a keyframe according to |
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66 the defintion above, a muxer MUST mark every frame it knows is a keyframe |
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67 as such, a muxer SHOULD NOT analyze future frames to determine the |
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68 keyframe status of the current frame but instead just set the frame as |
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69 non keyframe |
20622 | 70 (FIXME maybe move somewhere else?) |
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71 |
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72 |
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73 Syntax: |
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74 ======= |
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16428 | 76 Since NUT heavily uses variable length fields, the simplest way to describe it |
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77 is using a pseudocode approach. |
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78 |
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79 |
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80 |
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81 Conventions: |
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82 ============ |
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83 |
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84 The data types have a name, used in the bitstream syntax description, a short |
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85 text description and a pseudocode (functional) definition, optional notes may |
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86 follow: |
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87 |
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88 name (text description) |
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89 functional definition |
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90 [Optional notes] |
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91 |
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92 The bitstream syntax elements have a tagname and a functional definition, they |
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93 are presented in a bottom up approach, again optional notes may follow and |
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94 are reproduced in the tag description: |
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95 |
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96 name: (optional note) |
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97 functional definition |
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98 [Optional notes] |
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99 |
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100 The in-depth tag description follows the bitstream syntax. |
16428 | 101 The functional definition has a C-like syntax. |
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102 |
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103 |
12209 | 104 |
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105 Type definitions: |
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106 ================= |
12209 | 107 |
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108 f(n) (n fixed bits in big-endian order) |
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109 u(n) (unsigned number encoded in n bits in MSB-first order) |
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110 |
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111 v (variable length value, unsigned) |
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112 value=0 |
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113 do{ |
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114 more_data u(1) |
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115 data u(7) |
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116 value= 128*value + data |
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117 }while(more_data) |
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118 |
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119 s (variable length value, signed) |
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120 temp v |
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121 temp++ |
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122 if(temp&1) value= -(temp>>1) |
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123 else value= (temp>>1) |
9323 | 124 |
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125 b (binary data or string, to be use in vb, see below) |
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126 for(i=0; i<length; i++){ |
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127 data[i] u(8) |
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128 } |
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129 [Note: strings MUST be encoded in UTF-8] |
17835 | 130 [Note: the character NUL (U+0000) is not legal within |
131 or at the end of a string.] | |
9295 | 132 |
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133 vb (variable length binary data or string) |
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134 length v |
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135 value b |
12117 | 136 |
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137 t (v coded universal timestamp) |
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138 tmp v |
17872 | 139 id= tmp % time_base_count |
140 value= (tmp / time_base_count) * time_base[id] | |
9295 | 141 |
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142 |
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143 Bitstream syntax: |
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144 ================= |
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145 |
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146 file: |
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147 file_id_string |
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148 while(!eof){ |
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149 if(next_byte == 'N'){ |
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150 packet_header |
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151 switch(startcode){ |
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152 case main_startcode: main_header; break; |
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153 case stream_startcode:stream_header; break; |
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154 case info_startcode: info_packet; break; |
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155 case index_startcode: index; break; |
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156 case syncpoint_startcode: syncpoint; break; |
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157 } |
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158 packet_footer |
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159 }else |
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160 frame |
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161 } |
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162 |
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163 the structure of a undamaged file should look like the following, but |
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164 demuxers should be flexible and be able to deal with damaged headers so the |
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165 above is a better loop in practice (not to mention its simpler) |
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166 note, demuxers MUST be able to deal with new and unknown headers |
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167 |
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168 file: |
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169 file_id_string |
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170 while(!eof){ |
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171 packet_header, main_header, packet_footer |
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172 reserved_headers |
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173 for(i=0; i<stream_count; i++){ |
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174 packet_header, stream_header, packet_footer |
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175 reserved_headers |
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176 } |
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177 while(next_code == info_startcode){ |
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178 packet_header, info_packet, packet_footer |
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179 reserved_headers |
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180 } |
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181 if(next_code == index_startcode){ |
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182 packet_header, index_packet, packet_footer |
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183 } |
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184 if (!eof) while(next_code != main_startcode){ |
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185 if(next_code == syncpoint_startcode){ |
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186 packet_header, syncpoint, packet_footer |
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187 } |
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188 frame |
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189 reserved_headers |
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190 } |
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191 } |
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192 |
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193 |
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194 Common elements: |
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195 ---------------- |
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196 |
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197 reserved_bytes: |
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198 for(i=0; i<forward_ptr - length_of_non_reserved; i++) |
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199 reserved u(8) |
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200 [a demuxer MUST ignore any reserved bytes |
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201 a muxer MUST NOT write any reserved bytes, as this would make it |
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202 impossible to add new fields at the end of packets in the future |
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203 in a compatible way] |
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204 |
17845 | 205 packet_header |
206 startcode f(64) | |
207 forward_ptr v | |
208 if(forward_ptr > 4096) | |
209 header_checksum u(32) | |
210 | |
211 packet_footer | |
212 reserved_bytes | |
213 checksum u(32) | |
17873 | 214 [Note: in index packet, reserved_bytes comes before index_ptr] |
17845 | 215 |
216 reserved_headers | |
217 while(next_byte == 'N' && next_code != main_startcode | |
218 && next_code != stream_startcode | |
219 && next_code != info_startcode | |
220 && next_code != index_startcode | |
221 && next_code != syncpoint_startcode){ | |
222 packet_header | |
223 packet_footer | |
224 } | |
225 | |
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226 Headers: |
10824 | 227 |
20619 | 228 main_header: |
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229 version v |
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230 stream_count v |
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231 max_distance v |
17872 | 232 time_base_count v |
233 for(i=0; i<time_base_count; i++) | |
234 time_base_nom v | |
235 time_base_denom v | |
236 time_base[i]= time_base_nom/time_base_denom | |
17437 | 237 tmp_pts=0 |
238 tmp_mul=1 | |
239 tmp_stream=0 | |
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240 for(i=0; i<256; ){ |
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241 tmp_flag v |
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242 tmp_fields v |
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243 if(tmp_fields>0) tmp_pts s |
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244 if(tmp_fields>1) tmp_mul v |
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245 if(tmp_fields>2) tmp_stream v |
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246 if(tmp_fields>3) tmp_size v |
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247 else tmp_size=0 |
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248 if(tmp_fields>4) tmp_res v |
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249 else tmp_res=0 |
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250 if(tmp_fields>5) count v |
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251 else count= tmp_mul - tmp_size |
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252 for(j=6; j<tmp_fields; j++){ |
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253 tmp_reserved[i] v |
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254 } |
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255 for(j=0; j<count && i<256; j++, i++){ |
17612 | 256 if (i == 'N') { |
17718 | 257 flags[i]= FLAG_INVALID; |
17612 | 258 j--; |
259 continue; | |
260 } | |
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261 flags[i]= tmp_flag; |
17887 | 262 stream_id[i]= tmp_stream; |
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263 data_size_mul[i]= tmp_mul; |
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264 data_size_lsb[i]= tmp_size + j; |
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265 pts_delta[i]= tmp_pts; |
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266 reserved_count[i]= tmp_res; |
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267 } |
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268 } |
9294 | 269 |
270 stream_header: | |
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271 stream_id v |
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272 stream_class v |
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273 fourcc vb |
17872 | 274 time_base_id v |
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275 msb_pts_shift v |
17577 | 276 max_pts_distance v |
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277 decode_delay v |
17939 | 278 stream_flags v |
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279 codec_specific_data vb |
17640 | 280 if(stream_class == video){ |
281 width v | |
282 height v | |
283 sample_width v | |
284 sample_height v | |
285 colorspace_type v | |
286 }else if(stream_class == audio){ | |
287 samplerate_nom v | |
288 samplerate_denom v | |
289 channel_count v | |
290 } | |
16429 | 291 |
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292 Basic Packets: |
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293 |
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294 frame: |
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295 frame_code f(8) |
17718 | 296 frame_flags= flags[frame_code] |
297 if(frame_flags&FLAG_CODED){ | |
298 coded_flags v | |
299 frame_flags ^= coded_flags | |
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300 } |
17887 | 301 if(frame_flags&FLAG_STREAM_ID){ |
302 stream_id v | |
303 } | |
304 if(frame_flags&FLAG_CODED_PTS){ | |
305 coded_pts v | |
306 } | |
17718 | 307 if(frame_flags&FLAG_SIZE_MSB){ |
308 data_size_msb v | |
17437 | 309 } |
17887 | 310 if(frame_flags&FLAG_RESERVED) |
311 reserved_count[frame_code] v | |
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312 for(i=0; i<reserved_count[frame_code]; i++) |
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313 reserved v |
17723 | 314 if(frame_flags&FLAG_CHECKSUM){ |
17711 | 315 checksum u(32) |
17584 | 316 } |
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317 data |
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318 |
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319 index: |
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320 max_pts t |
17438 | 321 syncpoints v |
17720 | 322 for(i=0; i<syncpoints; i++){ |
17800 | 323 syncpoint_pos_div16 v |
17438 | 324 } |
325 for(i=0; i<stream_count; i++){ | |
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326 last_pts= -1 |
17720 | 327 for(j=0; j<syncpoints; ){ |
17438 | 328 x v |
329 type= x & 1 | |
330 x>>=1 | |
17455 | 331 n=j |
17438 | 332 if(type){ |
333 flag= x & 1 | |
334 x>>=1 | |
335 while(x--) | |
17455 | 336 has_keyframe[n++][i]=flag |
337 has_keyframe[n++][i]=!flag; | |
17438 | 338 }else{ |
339 while(x != 1){ | |
17455 | 340 has_keyframe[n++][i]=x&1; |
17438 | 341 x>>=1; |
342 } | |
343 } | |
17455 | 344 for(; j<n && j<syncpoints; j++){ |
345 if (!has_keyframe[j][i]) continue | |
346 A v | |
17531 | 347 if(!A){ |
348 A v | |
349 B v | |
350 eor_pts[j][i] = last_pts + A + B | |
351 }else | |
352 B=0 | |
353 keyframe_pts[j][i] = last_pts + A | |
354 last_pts += A + B | |
17455 | 355 } |
17438 | 356 } |
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357 } |
17873 | 358 reserved_bytes |
17726 | 359 index_ptr u(64) |
9294 | 360 |
17711 | 361 info_packet: |
17669 | 362 stream_id_plus1 v |
20658 | 363 chapter_id s (Note due to a typo this was v |
364 until 2006-11-04) | |
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365 chapter_start t |
17708 | 366 chapter_len v |
17669 | 367 count v |
368 for(i=0; i<count; i++){ | |
369 name vb | |
370 value s | |
371 if (value==-1){ | |
372 type= "UTF-8" | |
373 value vb | |
374 }else if (value==-2){ | |
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375 type vb |
17669 | 376 value vb |
377 }else if (value==-3){ | |
17685 | 378 type= "s" |
17326 | 379 value s |
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380 }else if (value==-4){ |
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381 type= "t" |
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382 value t |
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383 }else if (value<-4){ |
17685 | 384 type= "r" |
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385 value.den= -value-4 |
17669 | 386 value.num s |
387 }else{ | |
17685 | 388 type= "v" |
17669 | 389 } |
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390 } |
16506 | 391 |
17326 | 392 syncpoint: |
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393 global_key_pts t |
17800 | 394 back_ptr_div16 v |
12413 | 395 |
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396 Complete definition: |
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397 |
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398 |
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399 Tag description: |
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400 ---------------- |
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401 |
12242 | 402 file_id_string |
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403 "nut/multimedia container\0" |
20822 | 404 the very first thing in every nut file, usefull for identifying nut |
405 files | |
9323 | 406 |
407 *_startcode | |
20468 | 408 all startcodes start with 'N' |
12162 | 409 |
410 main_startcode | |
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411 0x7A561F5F04ADULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'M')<<48) |
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412 |
12162 | 413 stream_starcode |
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414 0x11405BF2F9DBULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'S')<<48) |
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415 |
17326 | 416 syncpoint_startcode |
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417 0xE4ADEECA4569ULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'K')<<48) |
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418 |
12162 | 419 index_startcode |
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420 0xDD672F23E64EULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'X')<<48) |
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421 |
12162 | 422 info_startcode |
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423 0xAB68B596BA78ULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'I')<<48) |
9294 | 424 |
425 version | |
19056
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426 NUT version. The current value is 3. All lower values are pre-freeze |
12238 | 427 |
20822 | 428 stream_count |
429 number of streams in this file | |
430 | |
20823 | 431 time_base_count |
432 number of different time bases in this file | |
433 this MUST NOT be 0 | |
434 | |
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435 forward_ptr |
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436 size of the packet data (exactly the distance from the first byte |
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437 after the packet_header to the first byte of the next packet) |
20822 | 438 every nut packet contains a forward_ptr immedeatly after its startcode |
439 with the exception of frame_code based packets, the forward pointer | |
440 can be used to skip over the packet without decoding its contents | |
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441 |
12333 | 442 max_distance |
17944 | 443 max distance between startcodes. If p1 and p2 are the byte |
444 positions of the first byte of two consecutive startcodes, then | |
445 p2-p1 MUST be less than or equal to max_distance unless the entire | |
446 span from p1 to p2 comprises a single packet or a syncpoint | |
447 followed by a single frame. This imposition places efficient upper | |
448 bounds on seek operations and allows for the detection of damaged | |
449 frame headers, should a chain of frame headers pass max_distance | |
450 without encountering any startcode. | |
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451 |
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452 syncpoints SHOULD be placed immediately before a keyframe if the |
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453 previous frame of the same stream was a non-keyframe, unless such |
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454 non-keyframe - keyframe transitions are very frequent |
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455 |
17722 | 456 SHOULD be set to <=32768 |
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457 if the stored value is >65536 then max_distance MUST be set to 65536 |
12501 | 458 |
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459 This is also half the max frame size without a checksum after the |
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460 frameheader. |
17799 | 461 |
462 | |
17577 | 463 max_pts_distance |
464 max absoloute difference of pts of new frame from last_pts in the | |
17944 | 465 timebase of the stream, without a checksum after the frameheader. |
466 A frame header MUST include a checksum if abs(pts-last_pts) is | |
467 strictly greater than max_pts_distance. | |
17711 | 468 Note that last_pts is not necessarily the pts of the last frame |
17577 | 469 on the same stream, as it is altered by syncpoint timestamps. |
17801 | 470 SHOULD NOT be higher than 1/timebase |
17577 | 471 |
16429 | 472 stream_id |
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473 Stream identifier |
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474 stream_id MUST be < stream_count |
9294 | 475 |
476 stream_class | |
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477 0 video |
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478 1 audio |
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479 2 subtiles |
17793 | 480 3 userdata |
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481 Note: the remaining values are reserved and MUST NOT be used |
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482 a demuxer MUST ignore streams with reserved classes |
9294 | 483 |
484 fourcc | |
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485 identification for the codec |
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486 example: "H264" |
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487 MUST contain 2 or 4 bytes, note, this might be increased in the future |
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488 if needed |
18899 | 489 the id values used are the same as in avi, so if a codec uses a specific |
490 fourcc in avi then the same fourcc MUST be used here | |
9294 | 491 |
9297 | 492 time_base_nom / time_base_denom = time_base |
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493 the length of a timer tick in seconds, this MUST be equal to the 1/fps |
17939 | 494 if FLAG_FIXED_FPS is set |
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495 time_base_nom and time_base_denom MUST NOT be 0 |
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496 time_base_nom and time_base_denom MUST be relatively prime |
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497 time_base_denom MUST be < 2^31 |
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498 examples: |
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499 fps time_base_nom time_base_denom |
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500 30 1 30 |
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501 29.97 1001 30000 |
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502 23.976 1001 24000 |
17883 | 503 There MUST NOT be 2 identical timebases in a file. |
504 There SHOULD NOT be more timebases than streams. | |
9294 | 505 |
17872 | 506 time_base_id |
507 id to time_base table | |
508 | |
17328 | 509 convert_ts |
510 To switch from 2 different timebases, the following calculation is | |
511 defined: | |
12413 | 512 |
17328 | 513 ln = from_time_base_nom*to_time_base_denom |
514 sn = from_timestamp | |
515 d1 = from_time_base_denom | |
516 d2 = to_time_base_nom | |
517 timestamp = (ln/d1*sn + ln%d1*sn/d1)/d2 | |
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518 Note: this calculation MUST be done with unsigned 64 bit integers, and |
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519 is equivalent to (ln*sn)/(d1*d2) but this would require a 96bit integer |
12413 | 520 |
17532 | 521 compare_ts |
522 Compares timestamps from 2 different timebases, | |
523 if a is before b then compare_ts(a, b) = -1 | |
524 if a is after b then compare_ts(a, b) = 1 | |
525 else compare_ts(a, b) = 0 | |
526 | |
527 Care must be taken that this is done exactly with no rounding errors, | |
528 simply casting to float or double and doing the obvious | |
529 a*timebase > b*timebase is not compliant or correct, neither is the | |
530 same with integers, and | |
531 a*a_timebase.num*b_timebase.den > b*b_timebase.num*a_timebase.den | |
532 will overflow. One possible implementation which shouldn't overflow | |
533 within the range of legal timestamps and timebases is: | |
534 | |
535 if (convert_ts(a, a_timebase, b_timebase) < b) return -1; | |
536 if (convert_ts(b, b_timebase, a_timebase) < a) return 1; | |
537 return 0; | |
538 | |
16429 | 539 msb_pts_shift |
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540 amount of bits in lsb_pts |
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541 MUST be <16 |
9294 | 542 |
12333 | 543 decode_delay |
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544 maximum time between input and output for a codec, used to generate |
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545 dts from pts |
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546 is set to 0 for streams without B-frames, and set to 1 for streams with |
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547 B-frames, may be larger for future codecs |
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548 decode_delay MUST NOT be set higher than necessary for a codec. |
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549 |
17939 | 550 stream_flags |
551 Bit Name Description | |
552 1 FLAG_FIXED_FPS indicates that the fps is fixed | |
9294 | 553 |
9356 | 554 codec_specific_data |
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555 private global data for a codec (could be huffman tables or ...) |
19105 | 556 if a codec has a global header it SHOULD be placed in here instead of |
557 at the start of every keyframe | |
558 the exact format is specified in the codec spec | |
19121 | 559 for H.264 the NAL units MUST be formated as in a bytestream |
560 (with 00 00 01 prefixes) | |
12082 | 561 |
562 frame_code | |
20775 | 563 frame_code is a 8bit field which exists before every frame, it can |
564 store part of the size of the frame, the stream number, the timestamp | |
565 and some flags amongth other things, what is not directly stored | |
566 in it but is needed is stored in various fields immedeatly after it | |
567 the values stored in it can be found in the main header | |
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568 the value 78 ('N') is forbidden to ensure that the byte is always |
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569 different from the first byte of any startcode |
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570 a muxer SHOULD mark 0x00 and 0xFF as invalid to improve error |
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571 detection |
9420 | 572 |
17718 | 573 flags[frame_code], frame_flags |
17940 | 574 Bit Name Description |
17809 | 575 1 FLAG_KEY if set, frame is keyframe |
576 2 FLAG_EOR if set, stream has no relevance on | |
17824 | 577 presentation. (EOR) |
17887 | 578 8 FLAG_CODED_PTS if set, coded_pts is in the frame header |
579 16 FLAG_STREAM_ID if set, stream_id is coded in the frame header | |
17809 | 580 32 FLAG_SIZE_MSB if set, data_size_msb is at frame header, |
581 otherwise data_size_msb is 0 | |
582 64 FLAG_CHECKSUM if set then the frame header contains a checksum | |
17887 | 583 128 FLAG_RESERVED if set, reserved_count is coded in the frame header |
17809 | 584 4096 FLAG_CODED if set, coded_flags are stored in the frame header. |
585 8192 FLAG_INVALID if set, frame_code is invalid. | |
17437 | 586 |
587 EOR frames MUST be zero-length and must be set keyframe. | |
588 All streams SHOULD end with EOR, where the pts of the EOR indicates the | |
589 end presentation time of the final frame. | |
590 An EOR set stream is unset by the first content frames. | |
17551 | 591 EOR can only be unset in streams with zero decode_delay . |
17944 | 592 FLAG_CHECKSUM MUST be set if the frame's data_size is strictly greater than |
593 2*max_distance or the difference abs(pts-last_pts) is strictly greater than | |
594 max_pts_distance (where pts represents this frame's pts and last_pts is | |
595 defined as below). | |
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596 |
20460 | 597 last_pts |
598 the timestamp of the last frame with the same stream_id as the current | |
599 if there is no such frame between the last syncpoint and the current | |
600 frame then the syncpoint timestamp is used, see global_key_pts | |
601 | |
17887 | 602 stream_id[frame_code] |
20778 | 603 if FLAG_STREAM_ID is not set then this is the stream number for the |
604 frame following this frame_code | |
605 if FLAG_STREAM_ID is set then this value has no meaning | |
17826 | 606 MUST be <250 |
9579
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607 |
12082 | 608 data_size_mul[frame_code] |
20778 | 609 if FLAG_SIZE_MSB is set then data_size_msb which is stored after the |
610 frame code is multiplied with it and forms the more significant part | |
611 of the size of the following frame | |
612 if FLAG_SIZE_MSB is not set then this field has no meaning | |
17826 | 613 MUST be <16384 |
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614 |
12082 | 615 data_size_lsb[frame_code] |
20778 | 616 the less significant part of the size of the following frame |
617 this added together with data_size_mul*data_size_msb is the size of | |
618 the following frame | |
17826 | 619 MUST be <16384 |
12082 | 620 |
16429 | 621 pts_delta[frame_code] |
17826 | 622 MUST be <16384 and >-16384 |
20460 | 623 if FLAG_CODED_PTS is set in the flags of the current frame then this |
624 value MUST be ignored, if FLAG_CODED_PTS is not set then pts_delta is the | |
625 difference between the current pts and last_pts | |
12413 | 626 |
17640 | 627 reserved_count[frame_code] |
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628 MUST be <256 |
17640 | 629 |
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630 data_size |
20778 | 631 the size of the following frame |
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632 data_size= data_size_lsb + data_size_msb*data_size_mul; |
12082 | 633 |
16429 | 634 coded_pts |
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635 if coded_pts < (1<<msb_pts_shift) then it is an lsb |
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636 pts, otherwise it is a full pts + (1<<msb_pts_shift) |
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637 lsb pts is converted to a full pts by: |
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638 mask = (1<<msb_pts_shift)-1; |
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639 delta = last_pts - mask/2 |
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640 pts = ((pts_lsb-delta)&mask) + delta |
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641 |
16429 | 642 lsb_pts |
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643 least significant bits of the pts in time_base precision |
9294 | 644 Example: IBBP display order |
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645 keyframe pts=0 -> pts=0 |
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646 frame lsb_pts=3 -> pts=3 |
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647 frame lsb_pts=1 -> pts=1 |
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648 frame lsb_pts=2 -> pts=2 |
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649 ... |
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650 keyframe msb_pts=257 -> pts=257 |
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651 frame lsb_pts=255 -> pts=255 |
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652 frame lsb_pts=0 -> pts=256 |
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653 frame lsb_pts=4 -> pts=260 |
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654 frame lsb_pts=2 -> pts=258 |
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655 frame lsb_pts=3 -> pts=259 |
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656 all pts's of keyframes of a single stream MUST be monotone |
9294 | 657 |
12333 | 658 dts |
20780 | 659 decoding timestamp |
660 the dts of a frame is the timestamp of the first sample which is | |
661 output by a decoder when it is feeded with the frame, note that the | |
662 data output is not neccesarily what is coded in the frame, but may | |
663 be data from previous frames | |
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664 dts is calculated by using a decode_delay+1 sized buffer for each |
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665 stream, into which the current pts is inserted and the element with |
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666 the smallest value is removed, this is then the current dts |
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667 this buffer is initalized with decode_delay -1 elements |
17327 | 668 |
669 Pts of all frames in all streams MUST be bigger or equal to dts of all | |
17437 | 670 previous frames in all streams, compared in common timebase. (EOR |
671 frames are NOT exempt from this rule) | |
12333 | 672 |
9294 | 673 width/height |
20780 | 674 width and height of the video in pixels |
17730 | 675 MUST be set to the coded width/height, MUST NOT be 0 |
9294 | 676 |
677 sample_width/sample_height (aspect ratio) | |
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678 sample_width is the horizontal distance between samples |
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679 sample_width and sample_height MUST be relatively prime if not zero |
17795
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680 both MUST be 0 if unknown otherwise both MUST be non zero |
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681 |
10158
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some changes (michael: is the colorspace_type field needed?)
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|
682 colorspace_type |
16686
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683 0 unknown |
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|
684 1 ITU Rec 624 / ITU Rec 601 Y range: 16..235 Cb/Cr range: 16..240 |
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685 2 ITU Rec 709 Y range: 16..235 Cb/Cr range: 16..240 |
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686 17 ITU Rec 624 / ITU Rec 601 Y range: 0..255 Cb/Cr range: 0..255 |
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687 18 ITU Rec 709 Y range: 0..255 Cb/Cr range: 0..255 |
10166 | 688 |
12333 | 689 samplerate_nom / samplerate_denom = samplerate |
17730 | 690 the number of samples per second, MUST NOT be 0 |
9294 | 691 |
17683 | 692 crc32 checksum |
17710 | 693 Generator polynomial is 0x104C11DB7. Starting value is zero. |
17683 | 694 |
9294 | 695 checksum |
17577 | 696 crc32 checksum |
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697 checksum is calculated for the area pointed to by forward_ptr not |
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698 including the checksum itself (from first byte after the |
17808
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clarify, header_checksum is not included in forward_ptr and in packet checksum
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diff
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|
699 packet_header until last byte before the checksum). |
17711 | 700 for frame headers the checksum contains the framecode byte and all |
701 following bytes upto the checksum itself | |
9294 | 702 |
17792 | 703 header_checksum |
704 checksum over the startcode and forward pointer | |
705 | |
17640 | 706 Syncpoint tags: |
707 --------------- | |
708 | |
17800 | 709 back_ptr_div16 |
710 back_ptr = back_ptr_div16 * 16 + 15 | |
711 back_ptr must point to a position within 16 bytes of a syncpoint | |
17439
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|
712 startcode. This syncpoint MUST be the closest syncpoint such that at |
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713 least one keyframe with a pts lower or equal to the original syncpoint's |
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714 global_key_pts for all streams lies between it and the current syncpoint. |
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|
715 |
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716 A stream where EOR is set is to be ignored for back_ptr. |
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|
717 |
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|
718 global_key_pts |
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|
719 After a syncpoint, last_pts of each stream is to be set to: |
17872 | 720 last_pts[i] = convert_ts(global_key_pts, time_base[id], time_base[i]) |
17439
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|
721 |
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|
722 global_key_pts MUST be bigger or equal to dts of all past frames across |
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723 all streams, and smaller or equal to pts of all future frames. |
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|
724 |
17640 | 725 Index tags: |
726 ----------- | |
727 | |
16429 | 728 max_pts |
17796
6edc4492b777
universal timestamp (= stream_id + timestamp in stream timebase)
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729 The highest pts in the entire file |
9294 | 730 |
17800 | 731 syncpoint_pos_div16 |
732 offset from begginning of file to up to 15 bytes before the syncpoint | |
17438 | 733 referred to in this index entry. Relative to position of last |
734 syncpoint. | |
735 | |
736 has_keyframe | |
737 indicates whether this stream has a keyframe between this syncpoint and | |
738 the last syncpoint. | |
739 | |
740 keyframe_pts | |
741 The pts of the first keyframe for this stream in the region between the | |
17531 | 742 2 syncpoints, in the stream's timebase. (EOR frames are also keyframes) |
743 | |
744 eor_pts | |
745 Coded only if EOR is set at the position of the syncpoint. The pts of | |
746 that EOR. EOR is unset by the first keyframe after it. | |
9294 | 747 |
16429 | 748 index_ptr |
17726 | 749 Length in bytes of the entire index, from the first byte of the |
750 startcode until the last byte of the checksum. | |
751 Note: A demuxer can use this to find the index when it is written at | |
752 EOF, as index_ptr will always be 12 bytes before the end of file if | |
753 there is an index at all. | |
754 | |
16429 | 755 |
17640 | 756 Info tags: |
757 ---------- | |
758 | |
17669 | 759 stream_id_plus1 |
760 Stream this info packet applies to. If zero, packet applies to whole | |
761 file. | |
762 | |
763 chapter_id | |
764 Id of chapter this packet applies to. If zero, packet applies to whole | |
765 file. Positive chapter_id's are real chapters and MUST NOT overlap. | |
766 Negative chapter_id indicate a sub region of file and not a real | |
767 chapter. chapter_id MUST be unique to the region it represents. | |
17711 | 768 chapter_id n MUST not be used unless there are at least n chapters in the |
769 file | |
17669 | 770 |
771 chapter_start | |
17796
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772 timestamp of start of chapter |
17669 | 773 |
774 chapter_len | |
775 Length of chapter in same timebase of chapter_start. | |
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776 |
9323 | 777 type |
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778 for example: "UTF8" -> string or "JPEG" -> JPEG image |
17685 | 779 "v" -> unsigned integer |
780 "s" -> signed integer | |
781 "r" -> rational | |
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782 Note: nonstandard fields should be prefixed by "X-" |
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783 Note: MUST be less than 6 byte long (might be increased to 64 later) |
9323 | 784 |
13308
8ff17d153414
info packet is now file global, while meta pakcet is stream specific, as discussed with Rich
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|
785 info packet types |
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786 the name of the info entry, valid names are |
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787 "Author" |
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788 "Description" |
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789 "Copyright" |
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790 "Encoder" |
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791 the name & version of the software used for encoding |
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792 "Title" |
17669 | 793 "Cover" (allowed types are "PNG" and "JPEG") |
16686
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794 image of the (CD, DVD, VHS, ..) cover (preferably PNG or JPEG) |
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795 "Source" |
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796 "DVD", "VCD", "CD", "MD", "FM radio", "VHS", "TV", "LD" |
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797 Optional: appended PAL, NTSC, SECAM, ... in parentheses |
18899 | 798 "SourceContainer" |
799 "nut", "mkv", "mov", "avi", "ogg", "rm", "mpeg-ps", "mpeg-ts", "raw" | |
800 "SourceCodecTag" | |
801 the source codec id like a fourcc which was used to store a specific | |
802 stream in its SourceContainer | |
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803 "CaptureDevice" |
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804 "BT878", "BT848", "webcam", ... (more exact names are fine too) |
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805 "CreationTime" |
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806 "2003-01-20 20:13:15Z", ... |
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807 (ISO 8601 format, see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html) |
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|
808 Note: do not forget the timezone |
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|
809 "Keywords" |
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|
810 "Language" |
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|
811 ISO 639 and ISO 3166 for language/country code |
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812 something like "eng" (US english), can be 0 if unknown |
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813 and "multi" if several languages |
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814 see http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/englangn.html |
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815 and http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/codlstp1/en_listp1.html |
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816 the language code |
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817 "Disposition" |
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818 "original", "dub" (translated), "comment", "lyrics", "karaoke" |
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819 Note: if someone needs some others, please tell us about them, so we |
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820 can add them to the official standard (if they are sane) |
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821 Note: nonstandard fields should be prefixed by "X-" |
17686 | 822 Note: names of fields SHOULD be in English if a word with the same |
17653 | 823 meaning exists in English |
16686
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824 Note: MUST be less than 64 bytes long |
9295 | 825 |
826 value | |
16686
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827 value of this name/type pair |
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828 |
9310 | 829 stuffing |
16686
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830 0x80 can be placed in front of any type v entry for stuffing purposes |
17797
b1d80d05eaa8
limit stuffing to prevent header_checksum from endup being useless due to a gb of 0x80 after a 'N'
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831 except the forward_ptr and all fields in the frame header where a |
b1d80d05eaa8
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832 maximum of 8 stuffing bytes per field are allowed |
9294 | 833 |
16842
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834 |
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|
835 Structure: |
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836 ---------- |
9294 | 837 |
838 the headers MUST be in exactly the following order (to simplify demuxer design) | |
839 main header | |
840 stream_header (id=0) | |
841 stream_header (id=1) | |
842 ... | |
843 stream_header (id=n) | |
844 | |
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845 headers may be repeated, but if they are, then they MUST all be repeated |
15008
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|
846 together and repeated headers MUST be identical |
17547 | 847 |
848 Each set of repeated headers not at the beginning or end of the file SHOULD | |
849 be stored at the earliest possible position after 2^x where x is | |
15008
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less amateurish-looking mpcf.txt patch by (Jeff >snacky ikaruga co uk<)
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|
850 an integer and the file end, so the headers may be repeated at 4102 if that is |
0a43341c8bfd
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|
851 the closest position after 2^12=4096 at which the headers can be placed |
9294 | 852 |
17547 | 853 Note: this allows an implementation reading the file to locate backup |
854 headers in O(log filesize) time as opposed to O(filesize) | |
855 | |
15008
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michael
parents:
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|
856 headers MUST be placed at least at the start of the file and immediately before |
12501 | 857 the index or at the file end if there is no index |
16428 | 858 headers MUST be repeated at least twice (so they exist three times in a file) |
9295 | 859 |
16685 | 860 there MUST be a sync point immediately before the first frame after any headers |
12503 | 861 |
16842
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862 |
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|
863 Index: |
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|
864 ------ |
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865 |
15008
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michael
parents:
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|
866 Note: with realtime streaming, there is no end, so no index there either |
17533 | 867 Index MAY only be repeated after main headers. |
17726 | 868 If an index is written anywhere in the file, it MUST be written at end of |
869 file as well. | |
9310 | 870 |
16842
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871 |
17669 | 872 Info: |
873 ----- | |
874 | |
17771 | 875 If a info packet is stored anywhere then a muxer MUST also store an identical |
876 info packet after every main-stream-header set | |
9310 | 877 |
17771 | 878 If a demuxer has seen several info packets with the same chapter_id and |
879 stream_id then it MUST ignore all but the one with the highest position in | |
880 the file | |
17669 | 881 |
20650 | 882 demxuxers SHOULD NOT search the whole file for info packets |
16842
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|
883 |
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|
884 demuxer (non-normative): |
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|
885 ------------------------ |
12501 | 886 |
16428 | 887 in the absence of a valid header at the beginning, players SHOULD search for |
888 backup headers starting at offset 2^x; for each x players SHOULD end their | |
889 search at a particular offset when any startcode is found (including syncpoint) | |
12501 | 890 |
16842
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|
891 |
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|
892 |
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|
893 Semantic requirements: |
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|
894 ====================== |
16429 | 895 |
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896 If more than one stream of a given stream class is present, each one SHOULD |
16429 | 897 have info tags specifying disposition, and if applicable, language. |
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898 It often highly improves usability and is therefore strongly encouraged. |
16429 | 899 |
900 A demuxer MUST NOT demux a stream which contains more than one stream, or which | |
901 is wrapped in a structure to facilitate more than one stream or otherwise | |
902 duplicate the role of a container. any such file is to be considered invalid. | |
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double muxing examples (cant hurt to explictly mention the most common)
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903 for example vorbis in ogg in nut is invalid, as is |
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904 mpegvideo+mpegaudio in mpeg-ps/ts in nut or dvvideo + dvaudio in dv in nut |
16429 | 905 |
12501 | 906 |
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907 |
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908 Sample code (Public Domain, & untested): |
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909 ======================================== |
9294 | 910 |
911 typedef BufferContext{ | |
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912 uint8_t *buf; |
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913 uint8_t *buf_ptr; |
9294 | 914 }BufferContext; |
915 | |
916 static inline uint64_t get_bytes(BufferContext *bc, int count){ | |
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917 uint64_t val=0; |
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918 |
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919 assert(count>0 && count<9); |
9294 | 920 |
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921 for(i=0; i<count; i++){ |
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922 val <<=8; |
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923 val += *(bc->buf_ptr++); |
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924 } |
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925 |
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926 return val; |
9294 | 927 } |
928 | |
929 static inline void put_bytes(BufferContext *bc, int count, uint64_t val){ | |
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930 uint64_t val=0; |
9294 | 931 |
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932 assert(count>0 && count<9); |
9294 | 933 |
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934 for(i=count-1; i>=0; i--){ |
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935 *(bc->buf_ptr++)= val >> (8*i); |
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936 } |
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937 |
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938 return val; |
9294 | 939 } |
940 | |
10061 | 941 static inline uint64_t get_v(BufferContext *bc){ |
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942 uint64_t val= 0; |
9294 | 943 |
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944 for(; space_left(bc) > 0; ){ |
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945 int tmp= *(bc->buf_ptr++); |
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946 if(tmp&0x80) |
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947 val= (val<<7) + tmp - 0x80; |
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948 else |
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949 return (val<<7) + tmp; |
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950 } |
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951 |
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952 return -1; |
9294 | 953 } |
954 | |
10061 | 955 static inline int put_v(BufferContext *bc, uint64_t val){ |
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956 int i; |
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957 |
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958 if(space_left(bc) < 9) return -1; |
9294 | 959 |
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960 val &= 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL; // FIXME can only encode upto 63 bits currently |
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961 for(i=7; ; i+=7){ |
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962 if(val>>i == 0) break; |
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963 } |
9294 | 964 |
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965 for(i-=7; i>0; i-=7){ |
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966 *(bc->buf_ptr++)= 0x80 | (val>>i); |
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967 } |
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968 *(bc->buf_ptr++)= val&0x7F; |
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969 |
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970 return 0; |
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971 } |
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972 |
12333 | 973 static int64_t get_dts(int64_t pts, int64_t *pts_cache, int delay, int reset){ |
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974 if(reset) memset(pts_cache, -1, delay*sizeof(int64_t)); |
12333 | 975 |
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976 while(delay--){ |
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977 int64_t t= pts_cache[delay]; |
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978 if(t < pts){ |
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979 pts_cache[delay]= pts; |
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980 pts= t; |
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981 } |
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982 } |
12333 | 983 |
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984 return pts; |
12333 | 985 } |
986 | |
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987 |
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988 |
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989 Authors: |
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990 ======== |
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991 |
16428 | 992 Folks from the MPlayer developers mailing list (http://www.mplayerhq.hu/). |
993 Authors in alphabetical order: (FIXME! Tell us if we left you out) | |
16843 | 994 Beregszaszi, Alex (alex@fsn.hu) |
995 Bunkus, Moritz (moritz@bunkus.org) | |
996 Diedrich, Tobias (ranma+mplayer@tdiedrich.de) | |
997 Felker, Rich (dalias@aerifal.cx) | |
998 Franz, Fabian (FabianFranz@gmx.de) | |
999 Gereoffy, Arpad (arpi@thot.banki.hu) | |
1000 Hess, Andreas (jaska@gmx.net) | |
1001 Niedermayer, Michael (michaelni@gmx.at) | |
1002 Shimon, Oded (ods15@ods15.dyndns.org) |