annotate DOCS/xml/cs/formats.xml @ 16715:66d2212ef659

sync with 1.26
author diego
date Sun, 09 Oct 2005 11:35:24 +0000
parents 11399edddf06
children e20a3a4c58e3
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-2"?>
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2 <!-- Synced with: 1.22 -->
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3 <sect1 id="formats">
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4 <title>Podporované formáty</title>
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5
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6 <para>
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7 Považujeme za důležité vyjasnit všeobecný omyl. Když lidé vidí soubor s příponou
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8 <filename>.AVI</filename>, automaticky se domnívají, že to není MPEG soubor.
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9 To však není pravda. Alespoň ne úplně. Narozdíl od všeobecného mínění tyto
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10 soubory <emphasis>mohou</emphasis> obsahovat MPEG-1 video.
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11 </para>
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12
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13 <para>
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14 Jak vidíte, <emphasis role="bold">kodek</emphasis> není to samé jako
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15 <emphasis role="bold">formát souboru</emphasis>.
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16 Příklady video <emphasis role="bold">kodeků</emphasis> jsou: MPEG-1, MPEG-2,
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17 MPEG-4 (DivX), Indeo5, 3ivx.
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18 Příklady souborových <emphasis role="bold">formátů</emphasis> jsou: MPG, AVI,
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19 ASF.
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20 </para>
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21
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22 <para>
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23 Teoreticky můžete vložit OpenDivX video a MP3 audio
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24 do <emphasis role="bold">souboru formátu MPG</emphasis>. Většina přehrávačů jej
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25 však nepřehraje, jelikož zde očekávají MPEG-1 video a MP2 audio (narozdíl od
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26 <emphasis role="bold">AVI</emphasis>, <emphasis role="bold">MPG</emphasis>
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27 nemá potřebná pole k popisu svých video a audio datových proudů).
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28 Nebo můžete vložit MPEG-1 video do AVI souboru.
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29 <ulink url="http://ffmpeg.org/">FFmpeg</ulink> a
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30 <link linkend="mencoder"><application>MEncoder</application></link> mohou tyto
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31 soubory vytvořit.
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32 </para>
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33
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34
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35 <sect2 id="video-formats">
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36 <title>Video formáty</title>
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37
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38 <sect3 id="mpg-vob-dat">
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39 <title>MPEG soubory</title>
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40
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41 <para>
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42 MPEG soubory se vyskytují v různých obálkách:
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43 </para>
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44
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45 <itemizedlist>
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46 <listitem><simpara>
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47 MPG: Toto je <emphasis role="bold">nejjednodušší</emphasis> forma souborových
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48 formátů MPEG. Obsahuje MPEG-1 video a MP2 (MPEG-1 layer 2) nebo méně často
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49 MP1 audio.
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50 </simpara></listitem>
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51 <listitem><simpara>
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52 DAT: Toto je naprosto stejný formát jako MPG, jen s jinou příponou. Používá se
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53 na <emphasis role="bold">Video CD</emphasis>. Díky způsobu, jak jsou VCD
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54 vytvářeny a Linux navržen, nemohou být DAT soubory přehrávány nebo kopírovány
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55 z VCD jako běžné soubory. Musíte použít <option>vcd://</option>
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56 pro přehrávání Video CD.
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57 </simpara></listitem>
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58 <listitem><simpara>
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59 VOB: Toto je souborový formát MPEG na <emphasis role="bold">DVD</emphasis>.
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60 Je stejný jako MPG, plus schopnost obsahovat titulky nebo ne-MPEG
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61 (AC3) audio. Obsahuje video enkódované do MPEG-2 a obvykle AC3 audio, ale DTS,
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62 MP2 a nekomprimovaný LPCM jsou rovněž povoleny. <emphasis role="bold">Přečtěte
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63 si <link linkend="dvd">DVD</link> sekci</emphasis>!
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64 </simpara></listitem>
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65 <listitem><simpara>
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66 TY: Toto je TiVo MPEG datový proud. Obsahuje MPEG PES data pro audio a
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67 video datové proudy, spolu s dodatečnými informacemi jako closed captions.
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68 Kontejner není produktem MPEG programu, ale je to uzavřený formát vytvořený
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69 firmou TiVo. Více informací o TiVo proudovém formátu naleznete na
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70 <ulink url="http://dvd-create.sourceforge.net/tystudio/tystream.shtml">
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71 stránkách TyStudia</ulink>.
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72 </simpara></listitem>
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73 </itemizedlist>
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74
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75 <para>
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76 Série snímků tvoří nezávislé skupiny v MPEG souborech. To znamená, že můžete
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77 MPEG soubory stříhat/spojovat pomocí standardních souborových nástrojů (jako je
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78 <command>dd</command>, <command>cut</command>) a soubor zůstává naprosto
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79 funkční.
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80 </para>
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81
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82 <para>
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83 Důležitou vlastností MPG je pole obsahující poměr stran obsaženého videa.
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84 Například SVCD mají rozlišení videa 480x480 a v hlavičce mají nastaven poměr
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85 stran na 4:3, takže jsou přehrávány na 640x480.
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86 AVI soubory toto pole neobsahují, takže musí být přeškálovány během enkódování,
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87 nebo přehrávány s volbou <option>-aspect</option>.
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88 </para>
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89 </sect3>
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90
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91
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92 <sect3 id="avi">
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93 <title>AVI soubory</title>
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94
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95 <para>
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96 Navrženy Microsoftem, <emphasis role="bold">AVI (Audio Video Interleaved)</emphasis>
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97 je rozšířený víceúčelový formát. V současnosti je většinou používaný pro MPEG-4
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98 (DivX, XviD, DivX4, a další) video.
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99 Má mnoho známých nedostatků a nedokonalostí (například ve streamování).
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100 Podporuje jeden video datový proud a 0 až 99 audio proudů a může být veliký až
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101 2GB, avšak existuje rozšíření umožňující větší soubory nazývané
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102 <emphasis role="bold">OpenDML</emphasis>. V současnosti Microsoft velmi odrazuje
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103 od jeho používání a podporuje ASF/WMV. Ne že by to někoho zajímalo.
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104 </para>
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105
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106 <para>
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107 Existuje hack, který umožňuje vkládat do AVI souborů Ogg Vorbis audio proudy,
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108 ale činí je nekompatibilní se standardním AVI.
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109 <application>MPlayer</application> podporuje přehrávání těchto souborů.
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110 Převíjení je rovněž implementováno, ale často znemožňováno špatně enkódovanými
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111 soubory se zmatenými hlavičkami. Naneštěstí jediný enkodér schopný vytvořit tyto
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112 soubory, <application>NanDub</application>, má tento problém.
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113 </para>
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114
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115 <note>
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116 <para>
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117 DV kamery vytváří surové DV datové proudy, které jsou konvertovány DV
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118 grabovacími utilitami do dvou odlišných AVI souborů. AVI pak obsahuje buď
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119 oddělené video a audio proudy které <application>MPlayer</application> umí
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120 přehrávat, nebo surový DV proud, jehož podpora je ve vývoji.
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121 </para>
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122 </note>
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123
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124 <para>
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125 Známe dva druhy AVI souborů:
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126 <itemizedlist>
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127 <listitem><simpara>
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128 <emphasis role="bold">Prokládaný:</emphasis> Audio a video obsah je proložený.
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129 Toto je obvyklé použití. Doporučené a většinou používané. Některé nástroje
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130 vytvářejí AVI se špatnou synchronizací. <application>MPlayer</application>
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131 detekuje tyto soubory jako prokládané a to vyvrcholí ztrátou
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132 A/V synchronizace, pravděpodobně při přetáčení. Tyto soubory by měly být
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133 přehrávány jako neprokládané (s volbou <option>-ni</option>).
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134 </simpara></listitem>
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135 <listitem><simpara>
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136 <emphasis role="bold">Neprokládané:</emphasis> Nejprve jde celý video proud,
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137 pak celý audio proud. To vyžaduje mnoho hledání, což činí přehrávání ze sítě
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138 nebo CD-ROM obtížným.
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139 </simpara></listitem>
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140 </itemizedlist>
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141 </para>
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142
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143 <para>
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144 <application>MPlayer</application> podporuje dva druhy časování pro AVI soubory:
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145 <itemizedlist>
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146 <listitem><simpara>
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147 <emphasis role="bold">založený na bps:</emphasis> Vychází z bitové/vzorkové
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148 rychlosti video/audio proudu. Tuto metodu používá většina přehrávačů,
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149 včetně <ulink url="http://avifile.sf.net">avifile</ulink>
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150 a <application>Windows Media Player</application>u. Soubory s poškozenými
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151 hlavičkami a soubory obsahující VBR audio nevytvořené VBR slučitelným
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152 enkodérem vyústí v rozejití zvuku a videa při použití této metody
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
153 (zpravidla při převíjení).
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
154 </simpara></listitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
155 <listitem><simpara>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
156 <emphasis role="bold">založený na prokládání:</emphasis> Nepoužívá hodnotu
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
157 bitové rychlosti z hlavičky, místo toho využívá relativní pozici prokládaných
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
158 audio a video chunků, což umožňuje přehrávat špatně enkódované soubory s VBR
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
159 zvukem.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
160 </simpara></listitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
161 </itemizedlist>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
162 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
163
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
164 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
165 Jakýkoli audio a video kodek je povolen, ale berte na vědomí, že VBR audio není
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
166 většinou přehrávačů dobře podporován. Formát souboru umožňuje použití VBR audia,
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
167 ale většina přehrávačů očekává CBR zvuk, takže selžou s VBR. VBR je neobvyklé a
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
168 Microsoftí AVI specifikace popisuje pouze CBR audio. Rovněž jsme si všimli, že
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
169 většina AVI enkodérů/multiplexerů vytváří vadné soubory, když je použito VBR
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
170 audio. Existují pouze dvě známé výjimky: <application>NanDub</application> a
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
171 <link linkend="mencoder"><application>MEncoder</application></link>.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
172 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
173 </sect3>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
174
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
175
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
176 <sect3 id="asf-wmv">
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
177 <title>ASF/WMV soubory</title>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
178 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
179 ASF (Active Streaming Format) pochází z dílny Microsoftu. Tam vytvořili dvě
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
180 varianty ASF, v1.0 a v2.0. v1.0 je používána jejich mediálními nástroji
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
181 (<application>Windows Media Player</application> a
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
182 <application>Windows Media Encoder</application>)
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
183 a je přísně tajný. v2.0 je publikován a patentován :). Samozřejmě se od sebe
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
184 liší a nejsou vůbec kompatibilní (je to jen další právnická hra).
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
185 <application>MPlayer</application> podporuje pouze v1.0, protože nikdo nikdy
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
186 neviděl v2.0 soubory :). Poznamenejme že ASF soubory se v těchto dnech vyskytují
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
187 s příponou <filename>.WMA</filename> nebo <filename>.WMV</filename>.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
188 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
189 </sect3>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
190
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
191
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
192 <sect3 id="mov">
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
193 <title>QuickTime/MOV soubory</title>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
194
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
195 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
196 Tyto formáty byly vytvořeny v Apple a mohou obsahovat jakýkoli kodek, CBR nebo
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
197 VBR. Obvykle mají příponu <filename>.QT</filename> nebo
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
198 <filename>.MOV</filename>. Poznamenejme, že vzhledem k tomu, že si skupina
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
199 MPEG-4 vybrala QuickTime jako doporučený formát souboru pro MPEG-4,
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
200 jejich MOV soubory mají příponu <filename>.MPG</filename> nebo
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
201 <filename>.MP4</filename> (Zajímavé je, že video a audio proudy v těchto
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
202 souborech jsou skutečné MPG a AAC soubory. Dokonce je můžete extrahovat pomocí
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
203 voleb <option>-dumpvideo</option> a <option>-dumpaudio</option>.).
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jheryan
parents:
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204 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
205
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
206 <note>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
207 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
208 Většina nových QuickTime souborů používá <emphasis role="bold">Sorenson</emphasis>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
209 video a QDesign Music audio. Viz naši sekci o kodeku
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
210 <link linkend="sorenson">Sorenson</link>.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
211 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
212 </note>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
213 </sect3>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
214
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
215
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
216 <sect3 id="vivo">
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
217 <title>VIVO soubory</title>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
218
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
219 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
220 <application>MPlayer</application> šťastně demuxuje souborový formát VIVO.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
221 Největší nevýhoda tohoto formátu je, že nemá indexový blok ani pevnou délku
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
222 paketu nebo synchronizační bity a mnoha souborům schází dokonce i klíčové
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
223 snímky, takže zapomeňte na převíjení!
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
224 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
225
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
226 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
227 Video kodekem VIVO/1.0 souborů je standardní
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
228 <emphasis role="bold">h.263</emphasis>.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
229 Video kodekem VIVO/2.0 souborů je upravený, nestandardní
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
230 <emphasis role="bold">h.263v2</emphasis>. Zvuk mají stejný, může to být
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
231 <emphasis role="bold">g.723 (standard)</emphasis> nebo
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
232 <emphasis role="bold">Vivo Siren</emphasis>.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
233 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
234
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
235 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
236 Instalační instrukce naleznete v sekcích
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
237 <link linkend="vivo-video">VIVO video kodek</link> a
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
238 <link linkend="vivo-audio">VIVO audio kodek</link>.
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
239 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
240 </sect3>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
241
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
242
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
243 <sect3 id="fli">
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
244 <title>FLI soubory</title>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
245 <para>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
246 <emphasis role="bold">FLI</emphasis> je velmi starý souborový formát používaný
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
247 Autodesk Animatorem, ale je běžným formátem pro krátké animace na netu.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
248 <application>MPlayer</application> demuxuje a dekóduje FLI filmy a je dokonce
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
249 schopen v nich převíjet (použitelné při přeskakování s volbou
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
250 <option>-loop</option>). FLI soubory neobsahují klíčové snímky, takže bude obraz
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
251 ještě chvíli po převíjení roztříštěný.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
252 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
253 </sect3>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
254
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
255
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
256 <sect3 id="realmedia">
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
257 <title>RealMedia (RM) soubory</title>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
258
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
259 <para>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
260 Ano, <application>MPlayer</application> umí číst (demux) RealMedia
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
261 (<filename>.rm</filename>) soubory.
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
262 Zde je seznam podporovaných <link
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
263 linkend="realvideo">RealVideo</link> a <link
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
264 linkend="realaudio">RealAudio</link> kodeků.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
265 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
266 </sect3>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
267
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
268
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
269 <sect3 id="nuppelvideo">
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
270 <title>NuppelVideo soubory</title>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
271 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
272 <ulink url="http://frost.htu.tuwien.ac.at/~roman/nuppelvideo/">NuppelVideo</ulink>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
273 je nástroj pro zachytávání TV (AFAIK:). <application>MPlayer</application> umí
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
274 číst tyto <filename>.NUV</filename> soubory (pouze NuppelVideo 5.0). Tyto
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
275 soubory mohou obsahovat nekomprimované YV12, YV12+RTJpeg komprimované,
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
276 YV12 RTJpeg+lzo komprimované a YV12+lzo komprimované snímky.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
277 <application>MPlayer</application> je dekóduje (a také je
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
278 <emphasis role="bold">enkóduje</emphasis> <application>MEncoder</application>em
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
279 do MPEG-4 (DivX)/atd.!) všechny.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
280 Seeking works.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
281 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
282 </sect3>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
283
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
284
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
285 <sect3 id="yuv4mpeg">
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
286 <title>yuv4mpeg soubory</title>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
287 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
288 <ulink url="http://mjpeg.sf.net">yuv4mpeg / yuv4mpeg2</ulink>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
289 je souborový formát používaný
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
290 <ulink url="http://mjpeg.sf.net">mjpegtools programy</ulink>.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
291 Můžete zachytávat, vytvářet, filtrovat nebo enkódovat video v tomto formátu
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
292 pomocí těchto nástrojů. Formát souboru je ve skutečnosti sekvence
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
293 nekomprimovaných YUV 4:2:0 obrázků.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
294 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
295 </sect3>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
296
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
297
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
298 <sect3 id="film">
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
299 <title>FILM soubory</title>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
300 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
301 Tento formát používaly staré CD-ROM hry pro Sega Saturn.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
302 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
303 </sect3>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
304
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
305
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
306 <sect3 id="roq">
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
307 <title>RoQ soubory</title>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
308 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
309 RoQ soubory jsou multimediální soubory používané v některých hrách od ID, jako
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
310 Quake III a Return to Castle Wolfenstein.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
311 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
312 </sect3>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
313
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
314
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jheryan
parents:
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315 <sect3 id="ogg">
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
316 <title>OGG/OGM soubory</title>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
317 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
318 Toto je nový souborový formát od
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
319 <ulink url="http://www.xiph.org">Xiphophorus</ulink>.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
320 Může obsahovat jakýkoli video nebo audio kodek, CBR nebo VBR. Budete potřebovat
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
321 <systemitem class="library">libogg</systemitem> a
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
322 <systemitem class="library">libvorbis</systemitem> nainstalovány před kompilací
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
323 <application>MPlayer</application>u, aby byl schopen je přehrávat.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
324 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
325 </sect3>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
326
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
327
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
328 <sect3 id="sdp">
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
329 <title>SDP soubory</title>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
330 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
331 <ulink url="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2327.txt">SDP</ulink> je
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
332 IETF standardní formát pro popis video a/nebo audio RTP datových proudů.
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
333 (Vyžaduje
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
334 &quot;<ulink url="http://www.live.com/mplayer/">LIVE.COM Streaming Media</ulink>&quot;.)
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
335 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
336 </sect3>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
337
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
338
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
339 <sect3 id="pva">
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
340 <title>PVA soubory</title>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
341 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
342 PVA je formát podobný MPEG, používaný softwarem pro DVB TV desky (např.:
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
343 <application>MultiDec</application>, <application>WinTV</application>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
344 pod Windows).
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
345 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
346 </sect3>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
347
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
348
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
349 <sect3 id="nsv">
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
350 <title>NSV soubory</title>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
351 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
352 NSV (NullSoft Video) je souborový formát používaný přehrávačem
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
353 <application>Winamp</application> pro streamování audia a videa.
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
354 Video je VP3, VP5 nebo VP6, audio je MP3, AAC nebo VLB.
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
355 Jen zvuková verze NSV užívá příponu <filename>.nsa</filename>.
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
356 <application>MPlayer</application> umí přehrávat jak NSV datové proudy, tak
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
357 soubory. Poznamenejme, že většina souborů ze
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
358 <ulink url="http://www.winamp.com">stránek Winampu</ulink> používá VLB audio,
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
359 které zatím nelze dekódovat. Mimo to proudy z tohoto serveru vyžadují další
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
360 depaketovací vrstvu, která ještě musí být implementována (stejně jsou ty soubory
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
361 nepřehratelné, protože mají VLB audio).
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
362 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
363 </sect3>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
364
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
365
16556
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parents: 14932
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366 <sect3 id="matroska">
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parents: 14932
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367 <title>Soubory Matroska</title>
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jheryan
parents: 14932
diff changeset
368 <para>
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jheryan
parents: 14932
diff changeset
369 Matroska je otevřený nosný (container) formát.
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jheryan
parents: 14932
diff changeset
370 Více se dozvíte na <ulink url="http://www.matroska.org/">oficiálním serveru</ulink>.
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jheryan
parents: 14932
diff changeset
371 </para>
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jheryan
parents: 14932
diff changeset
372 </sect3>
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jheryan
parents: 14932
diff changeset
373
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jheryan
parents: 14932
diff changeset
374
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jheryan
parents: 14932
diff changeset
375 <sect3 id="nut">
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jheryan
parents: 14932
diff changeset
376 <title>Soubory NUT</title>
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jheryan
parents: 14932
diff changeset
377 <para>
11399edddf06 synced with 1.22
jheryan
parents: 14932
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378 NUT je nosný formát vyvíjený týmy <application>MPlayer</application> a
11399edddf06 synced with 1.22
jheryan
parents: 14932
diff changeset
379 <application>FFmpeg</application>. Oba projekty jej podporují.
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jheryan
parents: 14932
diff changeset
380 Více se dozvíte na <ulink url="http://www.nut.hu/">oficiálním serveru</ulink>.
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jheryan
parents: 14932
diff changeset
381 </para>
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jheryan
parents: 14932
diff changeset
382 </sect3>
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jheryan
parents: 14932
diff changeset
383
11399edddf06 synced with 1.22
jheryan
parents: 14932
diff changeset
384
14932
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
385 <sect3 id="gif">
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
386 <title>GIF soubory</title>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
387 <para>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
388 Formát <emphasis role="bold">GIF</emphasis> je obecný formát pro webovou
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
389 grafiku. Existují dvě verze GIF specifikace, GIF87a a GIF89a. Hlavní rozdíl
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
390 je, že GIF89a umožňuje animaci. <application>MPlayer</application> podporuje
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
391 oba formáty pomocí <systemitem class="library">libungif</systemitem> nebo
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
392 jiné libgif-kompatibilní knihovny. Neanimované GIFy budou zobrazeny jako
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
393 jednoobrázková videa. (Použijte volby <option>-loop</option> a
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
394 <option>-fixed-vo</option> pro delší zobrazení.)
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
395 </para>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
396
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
397 <para>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
398 <application>MPlayer</application> v současnosti nepodporuje převíjení v GIF
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
399 souborech. GIF soubory nemusí mít nutně pevnou velikost rámce, anebo pevnou
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
400 snímkovou rychlost. Spíše má každý snímek nezávislou velikost a předpokládá se
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
401 jeho umístění do určitého místa v poli pevné velikosti. Snímková rychlost je
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
402 ovládána volitelným blokem před každým snímkem, který udává zpoždění dalšího
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
403 snímku v setinách sekundy.
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
404 </para>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
405
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
406 <para>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
407 Standardní GIF soubory obsahují 24-bitové RGB snímky s maximálně 8-bitovou
16556
11399edddf06 synced with 1.22
jheryan
parents: 14932
diff changeset
408 indexovanou paletou. Snímky jsou obvykle komprimovány algoritmem LZW, ačkoli
11399edddf06 synced with 1.22
jheryan
parents: 14932
diff changeset
409 některé GIF enkodéry produkují nekomprimované snímky, aby se vyhnuly
11399edddf06 synced with 1.22
jheryan
parents: 14932
diff changeset
410 patentovým problémům s LZW kompresí.
14932
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
411 </para>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
412
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
413 <para>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
414 Pokud vaše distribuce neobsahuje <systemitem class="library">libungif</systemitem>,
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
415 stáhněte si ji z
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
416 <ulink url="http://sourceforge.net/projects/libungif">domácí stránky libungif
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
417 </ulink>. Podrobné technické informace naleznete v
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
418 <ulink url="http://www.w3.org/Graphics/GIF/spec-gif89a.txt">GIF89a specifikaci</ulink>.
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
419 </para>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
420 </sect3>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
421 </sect2>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
422
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
423 <!-- ********** -->
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
424
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
425 <sect2 id="audio-formats">
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
426 <title>Audio formáty</title>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
427
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
428 <para>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
429 <application>MPlayer</application> je <emphasis role="bold">filmový</emphasis>,
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
430 nikoli <emphasis role="bold">multimediální</emphasis> přehrávač, ačkoli umí
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
431 přehrát některé zvukové formáty (ty jsou vyjmenovány v následujících sekcích).
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
432 Toto není doporučené použití <application>MPlayer</application>u, raději
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
433 použijte <ulink url="http://www.xmms.org">XMMS</ulink>.
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
434 </para>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
435
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
436 <sect3 id="mp3">
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
437 <title>MP3 soubory</title>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
438 <para>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
439 Můžete mít problémy s přehráním určitých MP3 souborů, které
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
440 <application>MPlayer</application> nesprávně detekuje jako MPEGy a přehrává je
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
441 nesprávně nebo vůbec. Toto nelze opravit bez vyřazení podpory pro některé
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
442 poškozené MPEG soubory, proto to tak v dohledné době zůstane. Příznak
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
443 <option>-demuxer</option> popsaný v man stránce vám pomůže v těchto případech.
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
444 </para>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
445 </sect3>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
446
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
447 <sect3 id="wav">
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
448 <title>WAV soubory</title>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
449 <para>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
450 </para>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
451 </sect3>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
452
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
453 <sect3 id="ogg-vorbis">
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
454 <title>OGG/OGM soubory (Vorbis)</title>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
455 <para>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
456 Vyžaduje správně nainstalované
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
457 <systemitem class="library">libogg</systemitem> a
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
458 <systemitem class="library">libvorbis</systemitem>.
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
459 </para>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
460 </sect3>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
461
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
462 <sect3 id="wma-asf">
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
463 <title>WMA/ASF soubory</title>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
464 <para>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
465 </para>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
466 </sect3>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
467
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
468 <sect3 id="mp4">
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
469 <title>MP4 soubory</title>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
470 <para></para>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
471 </sect3>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
472
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
473 <sect3 id="cdda">
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
474 <title>CD audio</title>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
475 <para>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
476 <application>MPlayer</application> umí použít <application>cdparanoia</application>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
477 pro přehrávání CDDA (Audio CD). Zaměření této části nezahrnuje výčet vlastností
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
478 <application>cdparanoia</application>.
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
479 </para>
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
jheryan
parents:
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480
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481 <para>
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482 Viz volbu <option>-cdda</option> v man stránce, která může být použita pro
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483 propašování voleb do <application>cdparanoia</application>.
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484 </para>
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485 </sect3>
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486
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487 <sect3 id="xmms">
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488 <title>XMMS</title>
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489 <para>
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490 <application>MPlayer</application> může použít vstupní pluginy pro
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491 <application>XMMS</application> pro přehrávání mnoha souborových formátů.
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492 Jsou to pluginy pro SNES herní melodie, SID melodie (z Commodore 64), mnoho
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493 Amiga formátů, .xm, .it, VQF, musepack, Bonk, shorten a mnoho dalších.
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494 Můžete je najít na
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495 <ulink url="http://www.xmms.org/plugins.php?category=input">stránce XMMS input pluginů</ulink>.
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496 </para>
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497
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498 <para>
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499 Pro tuto vlastnost musíte mít <application>XMMS</application> a zkompilovat
8141f3498d0c New translated file. Synced with 1.21
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500 <application>MPlayer</application> s <filename>./configure --enable-xmms</filename>.
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501 Pokud to nebude fungovat, budete muset nastavit cestu k
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502 <application>XMMS</application> pluginu a knihovně explicitně konfiguračními
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503 volbami <option>--with-xmmsplugindir</option> a
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504 <option>--with-xmmslibdir</option>.
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505 </para>
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506 </sect3>
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507 </sect2>
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508 </sect1>
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509