Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/tech/nut.txt @ 20910:824cb042e035
allow info packets to appear in mid-stream, outside of main headers.
these SHOULD NOT appear in non-realtime-streams
author | ods15 |
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date | Tue, 14 Nov 2006 17:03:33 +0000 |
parents | 01f57f7226de |
children | 5ab1e8c8f749 |
rev | line source |
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1 ================================== |
20658 | 2 NUT Open Container Format 20061104 |
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3 ================================== |
9294 | 4 |
5 | |
6 | |
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7 Intro: |
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8 ====== |
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9 |
20649 | 10 NUT is a Free multimedia container format for storeage of audio, video, |
11 subtitles and related user defined streams, it provides exact timestamps for | |
12 synchronization and seeking, is simple, has low overhead and can recover | |
13 in case of errors in the stream | |
14 | |
15 other common multimedia container formats are AVI, OGG, Matroska, MP4, MOV | |
16 ASF, MPEG-PS, MPEG-TS | |
17 | |
18 | |
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19 Features / goals: |
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20 (supported by the format, not necessarily by a specific implementation) |
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21 |
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22 Simple |
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23 use the same encoding for nearly all fields |
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24 simple decoding, so slow CPUs (and embedded systems) can handle it |
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25 |
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26 Extendible |
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27 no limit for the possible values of all fields (using universal vlc) |
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28 allow adding of new headers in the future |
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29 allow adding more fields at the end of headers |
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30 |
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31 Compact |
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32 ~0.2% overhead, for normal bitrates |
17438 | 33 index is <100kb per hour |
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34 a usual header for a file is about 100 bytes (audio + video headers together) |
17326 | 35 a packet header is about ~1-5 bytes |
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36 |
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37 Error resistant |
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38 seeking / playback without an index |
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39 headers & index can be repeated |
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40 damaged files can be played back with minimal data loss and fast |
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41 resync times |
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42 |
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43 The spec is frozen. All files following spec will be compatible unless the |
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44 spec is unfrozen. |
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45 |
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46 |
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47 Definitions: |
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48 ============ |
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49 |
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50 MUST the specific part must be done to conform to this standard |
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51 SHOULD it is recommended to be done that way, but not strictly required |
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52 |
20622 | 53 keyframe |
20772 | 54 A keyframe is a frame from which you can start decoding, a more |
55 exact definition is below | |
20631 | 56 The nth frame is a keyframe if and only if frames n, n+1, ... in |
57 presentation order (that are all frames with a pts >= frame[n].pts) can | |
58 be decoded successfully without reference to frames prior n in storeage | |
59 order (that are all frames with a dts < frame[n].dts) | |
60 if no such frames exist (for example due to use of overlapped transforms | |
61 like the MDCT in an audio codec) then the definition shall be extended | |
62 by droping n out of the set of frames which must be decodable, if this | |
63 is still insufficient then n+1 shall be droped, and so on until there is | |
64 a keyframe | |
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65 every frame which is marked as a keyframe MUST be a keyframe according to |
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66 the defintion above, a muxer MUST mark every frame it knows is a keyframe |
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67 as such, a muxer SHOULD NOT analyze future frames to determine the |
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68 keyframe status of the current frame but instead just set the frame as |
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69 non keyframe |
20622 | 70 (FIXME maybe move somewhere else?) |
20870 | 71 pts |
72 presentation time of the first frame/sample that is completed by decoding | |
73 the coded frame. | |
74 dts | |
75 of a frame is the time when it is input into the decoder | |
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76 |
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77 |
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78 Syntax: |
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79 ======= |
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16428 | 81 Since NUT heavily uses variable length fields, the simplest way to describe it |
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82 is using a pseudocode approach. |
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83 |
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84 |
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85 |
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86 Conventions: |
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87 ============ |
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88 |
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89 The data types have a name, used in the bitstream syntax description, a short |
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90 text description and a pseudocode (functional) definition, optional notes may |
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91 follow: |
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92 |
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93 name (text description) |
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94 functional definition |
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95 [Optional notes] |
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96 |
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97 The bitstream syntax elements have a tagname and a functional definition, they |
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98 are presented in a bottom up approach, again optional notes may follow and |
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99 are reproduced in the tag description: |
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100 |
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101 name: (optional note) |
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102 functional definition |
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103 [Optional notes] |
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104 |
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105 The in-depth tag description follows the bitstream syntax. |
16428 | 106 The functional definition has a C-like syntax. |
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107 |
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108 |
12209 | 109 |
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110 Type definitions: |
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111 ================= |
12209 | 112 |
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113 f(n) (n fixed bits in big-endian order) |
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114 u(n) (unsigned number encoded in n bits in MSB-first order) |
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115 |
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116 v (variable length value, unsigned) |
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117 value=0 |
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118 do{ |
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119 more_data u(1) |
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120 data u(7) |
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121 value= 128*value + data |
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122 }while(more_data) |
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123 |
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124 s (variable length value, signed) |
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125 temp v |
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126 temp++ |
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127 if(temp&1) value= -(temp>>1) |
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128 else value= (temp>>1) |
9323 | 129 |
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130 b (binary data or string, to be use in vb, see below) |
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131 for(i=0; i<length; i++){ |
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132 data[i] u(8) |
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133 } |
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134 [Note: strings MUST be encoded in UTF-8] |
17835 | 135 [Note: the character NUL (U+0000) is not legal within |
136 or at the end of a string.] | |
9295 | 137 |
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138 vb (variable length binary data or string) |
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139 length v |
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140 value b |
12117 | 141 |
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142 t (v coded universal timestamp) |
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143 tmp v |
17872 | 144 id= tmp % time_base_count |
145 value= (tmp / time_base_count) * time_base[id] | |
9295 | 146 |
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147 |
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148 Bitstream syntax: |
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149 ================= |
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150 |
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151 file: |
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152 file_id_string |
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153 while(!eof){ |
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154 if(next_byte == 'N'){ |
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155 packet_header |
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156 switch(startcode){ |
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157 case main_startcode: main_header; break; |
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158 case stream_startcode:stream_header; break; |
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159 case info_startcode: info_packet; break; |
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160 case index_startcode: index; break; |
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161 case syncpoint_startcode: syncpoint; break; |
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162 } |
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163 packet_footer |
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164 }else |
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165 frame |
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166 } |
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167 |
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168 the structure of a undamaged file should look like the following, but |
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169 demuxers should be flexible and be able to deal with damaged headers so the |
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170 above is a better loop in practice (not to mention its simpler) |
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171 note, demuxers MUST be able to deal with new and unknown headers |
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172 |
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173 file: |
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174 file_id_string |
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175 while(!eof){ |
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176 packet_header, main_header, packet_footer |
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177 reserved_headers |
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178 for(i=0; i<stream_count; i++){ |
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179 packet_header, stream_header, packet_footer |
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180 reserved_headers |
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181 } |
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182 while(next_code == info_startcode){ |
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183 packet_header, info_packet, packet_footer |
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184 reserved_headers |
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185 } |
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186 if(next_code == index_startcode){ |
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187 packet_header, index_packet, packet_footer |
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188 } |
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189 if (!eof) while(next_code != main_startcode){ |
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190 packet_header, syncpoint, packet_footer |
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191 do{ |
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192 frame |
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193 }while(next_code == framecode); |
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194 reserved_headers |
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195 while(next_code == info_startcode){ |
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196 packet_header, info_packet, packet_footer |
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197 reserved_headers |
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198 } |
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199 } |
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200 } |
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201 |
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202 |
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203 Common elements: |
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204 ---------------- |
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205 |
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206 reserved_bytes: |
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207 for(i=0; i<forward_ptr - length_of_non_reserved; i++) |
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208 reserved u(8) |
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209 [a demuxer MUST ignore any reserved bytes |
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210 a muxer MUST NOT write any reserved bytes, as this would make it |
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211 impossible to add new fields at the end of packets in the future |
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212 in a compatible way] |
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213 |
17845 | 214 packet_header |
215 startcode f(64) | |
216 forward_ptr v | |
217 if(forward_ptr > 4096) | |
218 header_checksum u(32) | |
219 | |
220 packet_footer | |
221 reserved_bytes | |
222 checksum u(32) | |
17873 | 223 [Note: in index packet, reserved_bytes comes before index_ptr] |
17845 | 224 |
225 reserved_headers | |
226 while(next_byte == 'N' && next_code != main_startcode | |
227 && next_code != stream_startcode | |
228 && next_code != info_startcode | |
229 && next_code != index_startcode | |
230 && next_code != syncpoint_startcode){ | |
231 packet_header | |
232 packet_footer | |
233 } | |
234 | |
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235 Headers: |
10824 | 236 |
20619 | 237 main_header: |
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238 version v |
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239 stream_count v |
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240 max_distance v |
17872 | 241 time_base_count v |
242 for(i=0; i<time_base_count; i++) | |
243 time_base_nom v | |
244 time_base_denom v | |
245 time_base[i]= time_base_nom/time_base_denom | |
17437 | 246 tmp_pts=0 |
247 tmp_mul=1 | |
248 tmp_stream=0 | |
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249 for(i=0; i<256; ){ |
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250 tmp_flag v |
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251 tmp_fields v |
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252 if(tmp_fields>0) tmp_pts s |
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253 if(tmp_fields>1) tmp_mul v |
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254 if(tmp_fields>2) tmp_stream v |
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255 if(tmp_fields>3) tmp_size v |
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256 else tmp_size=0 |
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257 if(tmp_fields>4) tmp_res v |
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258 else tmp_res=0 |
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259 if(tmp_fields>5) count v |
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260 else count= tmp_mul - tmp_size |
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261 for(j=6; j<tmp_fields; j++){ |
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262 tmp_reserved[i] v |
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263 } |
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264 for(j=0; j<count && i<256; j++, i++){ |
17612 | 265 if (i == 'N') { |
17718 | 266 flags[i]= FLAG_INVALID; |
17612 | 267 j--; |
268 continue; | |
269 } | |
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270 flags[i]= tmp_flag; |
17887 | 271 stream_id[i]= tmp_stream; |
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272 data_size_mul[i]= tmp_mul; |
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273 data_size_lsb[i]= tmp_size + j; |
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274 pts_delta[i]= tmp_pts; |
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275 reserved_count[i]= tmp_res; |
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276 } |
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277 } |
9294 | 278 |
279 stream_header: | |
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280 stream_id v |
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281 stream_class v |
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282 fourcc vb |
17872 | 283 time_base_id v |
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284 msb_pts_shift v |
17577 | 285 max_pts_distance v |
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286 decode_delay v |
17939 | 287 stream_flags v |
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288 codec_specific_data vb |
17640 | 289 if(stream_class == video){ |
290 width v | |
291 height v | |
292 sample_width v | |
293 sample_height v | |
294 colorspace_type v | |
295 }else if(stream_class == audio){ | |
296 samplerate_nom v | |
297 samplerate_denom v | |
298 channel_count v | |
299 } | |
16429 | 300 |
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301 Basic Packets: |
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302 |
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303 frame: |
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304 frame_code f(8) |
17718 | 305 frame_flags= flags[frame_code] |
306 if(frame_flags&FLAG_CODED){ | |
307 coded_flags v | |
308 frame_flags ^= coded_flags | |
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309 } |
17887 | 310 if(frame_flags&FLAG_STREAM_ID){ |
311 stream_id v | |
312 } | |
313 if(frame_flags&FLAG_CODED_PTS){ | |
314 coded_pts v | |
315 } | |
17718 | 316 if(frame_flags&FLAG_SIZE_MSB){ |
317 data_size_msb v | |
17437 | 318 } |
17887 | 319 if(frame_flags&FLAG_RESERVED) |
320 reserved_count[frame_code] v | |
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321 for(i=0; i<reserved_count[frame_code]; i++) |
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322 reserved v |
17723 | 323 if(frame_flags&FLAG_CHECKSUM){ |
17711 | 324 checksum u(32) |
17584 | 325 } |
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326 data |
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327 |
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328 index: |
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329 max_pts t |
17438 | 330 syncpoints v |
17720 | 331 for(i=0; i<syncpoints; i++){ |
17800 | 332 syncpoint_pos_div16 v |
17438 | 333 } |
334 for(i=0; i<stream_count; i++){ | |
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335 last_pts= -1 |
17720 | 336 for(j=0; j<syncpoints; ){ |
17438 | 337 x v |
338 type= x & 1 | |
339 x>>=1 | |
17455 | 340 n=j |
17438 | 341 if(type){ |
342 flag= x & 1 | |
343 x>>=1 | |
344 while(x--) | |
17455 | 345 has_keyframe[n++][i]=flag |
346 has_keyframe[n++][i]=!flag; | |
17438 | 347 }else{ |
348 while(x != 1){ | |
17455 | 349 has_keyframe[n++][i]=x&1; |
17438 | 350 x>>=1; |
351 } | |
352 } | |
17455 | 353 for(; j<n && j<syncpoints; j++){ |
354 if (!has_keyframe[j][i]) continue | |
355 A v | |
17531 | 356 if(!A){ |
357 A v | |
358 B v | |
359 eor_pts[j][i] = last_pts + A + B | |
360 }else | |
361 B=0 | |
362 keyframe_pts[j][i] = last_pts + A | |
363 last_pts += A + B | |
17455 | 364 } |
17438 | 365 } |
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366 } |
17873 | 367 reserved_bytes |
17726 | 368 index_ptr u(64) |
9294 | 369 |
17711 | 370 info_packet: |
17669 | 371 stream_id_plus1 v |
20658 | 372 chapter_id s (Note due to a typo this was v |
373 until 2006-11-04) | |
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374 chapter_start t |
17708 | 375 chapter_len v |
17669 | 376 count v |
377 for(i=0; i<count; i++){ | |
378 name vb | |
379 value s | |
380 if (value==-1){ | |
381 type= "UTF-8" | |
382 value vb | |
383 }else if (value==-2){ | |
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384 type vb |
17669 | 385 value vb |
386 }else if (value==-3){ | |
17685 | 387 type= "s" |
17326 | 388 value s |
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389 }else if (value==-4){ |
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390 type= "t" |
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391 value t |
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392 }else if (value<-4){ |
17685 | 393 type= "r" |
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394 value.den= -value-4 |
17669 | 395 value.num s |
396 }else{ | |
17685 | 397 type= "v" |
17669 | 398 } |
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399 } |
16506 | 400 |
17326 | 401 syncpoint: |
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402 global_key_pts t |
17800 | 403 back_ptr_div16 v |
12413 | 404 |
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405 Complete definition: |
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406 |
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407 |
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408 Tag description: |
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409 ---------------- |
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410 |
12242 | 411 file_id_string |
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412 "nut/multimedia container\0" |
20822 | 413 the very first thing in every nut file, usefull for identifying nut |
414 files | |
9323 | 415 |
416 *_startcode | |
20468 | 417 all startcodes start with 'N' |
12162 | 418 |
419 main_startcode | |
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420 0x7A561F5F04ADULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'M')<<48) |
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421 |
12162 | 422 stream_starcode |
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423 0x11405BF2F9DBULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'S')<<48) |
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424 |
17326 | 425 syncpoint_startcode |
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426 0xE4ADEECA4569ULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'K')<<48) |
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427 |
12162 | 428 index_startcode |
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429 0xDD672F23E64EULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'X')<<48) |
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430 |
12162 | 431 info_startcode |
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432 0xAB68B596BA78ULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'I')<<48) |
9294 | 433 |
434 version | |
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435 NUT version. The current value is 3. All lower values are pre-freeze |
12238 | 436 |
20822 | 437 stream_count |
438 number of streams in this file | |
439 | |
20823 | 440 time_base_count |
441 number of different time bases in this file | |
442 this MUST NOT be 0 | |
443 | |
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444 forward_ptr |
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445 size of the packet data (exactly the distance from the first byte |
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446 after the packet_header to the first byte of the next packet) |
20822 | 447 every nut packet contains a forward_ptr immedeatly after its startcode |
448 with the exception of frame_code based packets, the forward pointer | |
449 can be used to skip over the packet without decoding its contents | |
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450 |
12333 | 451 max_distance |
17944 | 452 max distance between startcodes. If p1 and p2 are the byte |
453 positions of the first byte of two consecutive startcodes, then | |
454 p2-p1 MUST be less than or equal to max_distance unless the entire | |
455 span from p1 to p2 comprises a single packet or a syncpoint | |
456 followed by a single frame. This imposition places efficient upper | |
457 bounds on seek operations and allows for the detection of damaged | |
458 frame headers, should a chain of frame headers pass max_distance | |
459 without encountering any startcode. | |
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460 |
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461 syncpoints SHOULD be placed immediately before a keyframe if the |
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462 previous frame of the same stream was a non-keyframe, unless such |
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463 non-keyframe - keyframe transitions are very frequent |
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464 |
17722 | 465 SHOULD be set to <=32768 |
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466 if the stored value is >65536 then max_distance MUST be set to 65536 |
12501 | 467 |
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468 This is also half the max frame size without a checksum after the |
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469 frameheader. |
17799 | 470 |
471 | |
17577 | 472 max_pts_distance |
473 max absoloute difference of pts of new frame from last_pts in the | |
17944 | 474 timebase of the stream, without a checksum after the frameheader. |
475 A frame header MUST include a checksum if abs(pts-last_pts) is | |
476 strictly greater than max_pts_distance. | |
17711 | 477 Note that last_pts is not necessarily the pts of the last frame |
17577 | 478 on the same stream, as it is altered by syncpoint timestamps. |
17801 | 479 SHOULD NOT be higher than 1/timebase |
17577 | 480 |
16429 | 481 stream_id |
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482 Stream identifier |
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483 stream_id MUST be < stream_count |
9294 | 484 |
485 stream_class | |
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486 0 video |
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487 1 audio |
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488 2 subtiles |
17793 | 489 3 userdata |
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490 Note: the remaining values are reserved and MUST NOT be used |
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491 a demuxer MUST ignore streams with reserved classes |
9294 | 492 |
493 fourcc | |
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494 identification for the codec |
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495 example: "H264" |
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496 MUST contain 2 or 4 bytes, note, this might be increased in the future |
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497 if needed |
18899 | 498 the id values used are the same as in avi, so if a codec uses a specific |
499 fourcc in avi then the same fourcc MUST be used here | |
9294 | 500 |
9297 | 501 time_base_nom / time_base_denom = time_base |
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502 the length of a timer tick in seconds, this MUST be equal to the 1/fps |
17939 | 503 if FLAG_FIXED_FPS is set |
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504 time_base_nom and time_base_denom MUST NOT be 0 |
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505 time_base_nom and time_base_denom MUST be relatively prime |
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506 time_base_denom MUST be < 2^31 |
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507 examples: |
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508 fps time_base_nom time_base_denom |
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509 30 1 30 |
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510 29.97 1001 30000 |
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511 23.976 1001 24000 |
17883 | 512 There MUST NOT be 2 identical timebases in a file. |
513 There SHOULD NOT be more timebases than streams. | |
9294 | 514 |
17872 | 515 time_base_id |
20829 | 516 index into the time_base table |
20836 | 517 MUST be < time_base_count |
17872 | 518 |
17328 | 519 convert_ts |
520 To switch from 2 different timebases, the following calculation is | |
521 defined: | |
12413 | 522 |
17328 | 523 ln = from_time_base_nom*to_time_base_denom |
524 sn = from_timestamp | |
525 d1 = from_time_base_denom | |
526 d2 = to_time_base_nom | |
527 timestamp = (ln/d1*sn + ln%d1*sn/d1)/d2 | |
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528 Note: this calculation MUST be done with unsigned 64 bit integers, and |
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529 is equivalent to (ln*sn)/(d1*d2) but this would require a 96bit integer |
12413 | 530 |
17532 | 531 compare_ts |
532 Compares timestamps from 2 different timebases, | |
533 if a is before b then compare_ts(a, b) = -1 | |
534 if a is after b then compare_ts(a, b) = 1 | |
535 else compare_ts(a, b) = 0 | |
536 | |
537 Care must be taken that this is done exactly with no rounding errors, | |
538 simply casting to float or double and doing the obvious | |
539 a*timebase > b*timebase is not compliant or correct, neither is the | |
540 same with integers, and | |
541 a*a_timebase.num*b_timebase.den > b*b_timebase.num*a_timebase.den | |
542 will overflow. One possible implementation which shouldn't overflow | |
543 within the range of legal timestamps and timebases is: | |
544 | |
545 if (convert_ts(a, a_timebase, b_timebase) < b) return -1; | |
546 if (convert_ts(b, b_timebase, a_timebase) < a) return 1; | |
547 return 0; | |
548 | |
16429 | 549 msb_pts_shift |
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550 amount of bits in lsb_pts |
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551 MUST be <16 |
9294 | 552 |
12333 | 553 decode_delay |
20870 | 554 size of the reordering buffer used to convert pts to dts |
555 codecs which dont support b frames normaly use 0 | |
556 mpeg1/mpeg2 style codecs with b frames use 1 | |
557 h264 style b pyramid uses 2 | |
558 h264 and future codecs might need values >2 | |
559 audio codecs generally use 0 (we arent aware of any which doesnt | |
560 but its theoretically possible that one exists which needs it >0) | |
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561 decode_delay MUST NOT be set higher than necessary for a codec. |
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562 |
17939 | 563 stream_flags |
564 Bit Name Description | |
565 1 FLAG_FIXED_FPS indicates that the fps is fixed | |
9294 | 566 |
9356 | 567 codec_specific_data |
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568 private global data for a codec (could be huffman tables or ...) |
19105 | 569 if a codec has a global header it SHOULD be placed in here instead of |
570 at the start of every keyframe | |
571 the exact format is specified in the codec spec | |
19121 | 572 for H.264 the NAL units MUST be formated as in a bytestream |
573 (with 00 00 01 prefixes) | |
12082 | 574 |
575 frame_code | |
20775 | 576 frame_code is a 8bit field which exists before every frame, it can |
577 store part of the size of the frame, the stream number, the timestamp | |
578 and some flags amongth other things, what is not directly stored | |
579 in it but is needed is stored in various fields immedeatly after it | |
580 the values stored in it can be found in the main header | |
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581 the value 78 ('N') is forbidden to ensure that the byte is always |
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582 different from the first byte of any startcode |
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583 a muxer SHOULD mark 0x00 and 0xFF as invalid to improve error |
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584 detection |
9420 | 585 |
17718 | 586 flags[frame_code], frame_flags |
17940 | 587 Bit Name Description |
17809 | 588 1 FLAG_KEY if set, frame is keyframe |
589 2 FLAG_EOR if set, stream has no relevance on | |
17824 | 590 presentation. (EOR) |
17887 | 591 8 FLAG_CODED_PTS if set, coded_pts is in the frame header |
592 16 FLAG_STREAM_ID if set, stream_id is coded in the frame header | |
17809 | 593 32 FLAG_SIZE_MSB if set, data_size_msb is at frame header, |
594 otherwise data_size_msb is 0 | |
595 64 FLAG_CHECKSUM if set then the frame header contains a checksum | |
17887 | 596 128 FLAG_RESERVED if set, reserved_count is coded in the frame header |
17809 | 597 4096 FLAG_CODED if set, coded_flags are stored in the frame header. |
598 8192 FLAG_INVALID if set, frame_code is invalid. | |
17437 | 599 |
600 EOR frames MUST be zero-length and must be set keyframe. | |
601 All streams SHOULD end with EOR, where the pts of the EOR indicates the | |
602 end presentation time of the final frame. | |
603 An EOR set stream is unset by the first content frames. | |
17551 | 604 EOR can only be unset in streams with zero decode_delay . |
17944 | 605 FLAG_CHECKSUM MUST be set if the frame's data_size is strictly greater than |
606 2*max_distance or the difference abs(pts-last_pts) is strictly greater than | |
607 max_pts_distance (where pts represents this frame's pts and last_pts is | |
608 defined as below). | |
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609 |
20460 | 610 last_pts |
611 the timestamp of the last frame with the same stream_id as the current | |
612 if there is no such frame between the last syncpoint and the current | |
613 frame then the syncpoint timestamp is used, see global_key_pts | |
614 | |
17887 | 615 stream_id[frame_code] |
20778 | 616 if FLAG_STREAM_ID is not set then this is the stream number for the |
617 frame following this frame_code | |
618 if FLAG_STREAM_ID is set then this value has no meaning | |
17826 | 619 MUST be <250 |
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620 |
12082 | 621 data_size_mul[frame_code] |
20778 | 622 if FLAG_SIZE_MSB is set then data_size_msb which is stored after the |
623 frame code is multiplied with it and forms the more significant part | |
624 of the size of the following frame | |
625 if FLAG_SIZE_MSB is not set then this field has no meaning | |
17826 | 626 MUST be <16384 |
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627 |
12082 | 628 data_size_lsb[frame_code] |
20778 | 629 the less significant part of the size of the following frame |
630 this added together with data_size_mul*data_size_msb is the size of | |
631 the following frame | |
17826 | 632 MUST be <16384 |
12082 | 633 |
16429 | 634 pts_delta[frame_code] |
17826 | 635 MUST be <16384 and >-16384 |
20460 | 636 if FLAG_CODED_PTS is set in the flags of the current frame then this |
637 value MUST be ignored, if FLAG_CODED_PTS is not set then pts_delta is the | |
638 difference between the current pts and last_pts | |
12413 | 639 |
17640 | 640 reserved_count[frame_code] |
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641 MUST be <256 |
17640 | 642 |
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643 data_size |
20778 | 644 the size of the following frame |
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645 data_size= data_size_lsb + data_size_msb*data_size_mul; |
12082 | 646 |
16429 | 647 coded_pts |
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648 if coded_pts < (1<<msb_pts_shift) then it is an lsb |
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649 pts, otherwise it is a full pts + (1<<msb_pts_shift) |
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650 lsb pts is converted to a full pts by: |
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651 mask = (1<<msb_pts_shift)-1; |
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652 delta = last_pts - mask/2 |
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653 pts = ((pts_lsb-delta)&mask) + delta |
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654 |
16429 | 655 lsb_pts |
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656 least significant bits of the pts in time_base precision |
9294 | 657 Example: IBBP display order |
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658 keyframe pts=0 -> pts=0 |
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659 frame lsb_pts=3 -> pts=3 |
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660 frame lsb_pts=1 -> pts=1 |
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661 frame lsb_pts=2 -> pts=2 |
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662 ... |
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663 keyframe msb_pts=257 -> pts=257 |
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664 frame lsb_pts=255 -> pts=255 |
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665 frame lsb_pts=0 -> pts=256 |
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666 frame lsb_pts=4 -> pts=260 |
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667 frame lsb_pts=2 -> pts=258 |
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668 frame lsb_pts=3 -> pts=259 |
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669 all pts's of keyframes of a single stream MUST be monotone |
9294 | 670 |
12333 | 671 dts |
20780 | 672 decoding timestamp |
673 the dts of a frame is the timestamp of the first sample which is | |
674 output by a decoder when it is feeded with the frame, note that the | |
675 data output is not neccesarily what is coded in the frame, but may | |
676 be data from previous frames | |
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677 dts is calculated by using a decode_delay+1 sized buffer for each |
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678 stream, into which the current pts is inserted and the element with |
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679 the smallest value is removed, this is then the current dts |
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|
680 this buffer is initalized with decode_delay -1 elements |
17327 | 681 |
682 Pts of all frames in all streams MUST be bigger or equal to dts of all | |
17437 | 683 previous frames in all streams, compared in common timebase. (EOR |
684 frames are NOT exempt from this rule) | |
20846
c1e47896ad80
least restrictive dts ordering rule which ensures frames are in decoding order
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685 Dts of all frames MUST be bigger or equal to dts of all previous frames |
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686 in the same stream |
12333 | 687 |
9294 | 688 width/height |
20780 | 689 width and height of the video in pixels |
17730 | 690 MUST be set to the coded width/height, MUST NOT be 0 |
9294 | 691 |
692 sample_width/sample_height (aspect ratio) | |
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693 sample_width is the horizontal distance between samples |
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694 sample_width and sample_height MUST be relatively prime if not zero |
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little clarification of sample_width/sample_height
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|
695 both MUST be 0 if unknown otherwise both MUST be non zero |
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696 |
10158
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some changes (michael: is the colorspace_type field needed?)
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diff
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|
697 colorspace_type |
16686
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698 0 unknown |
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699 1 ITU Rec 624 / ITU Rec 601 Y range: 16..235 Cb/Cr range: 16..240 |
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700 2 ITU Rec 709 Y range: 16..235 Cb/Cr range: 16..240 |
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701 17 ITU Rec 624 / ITU Rec 601 Y range: 0..255 Cb/Cr range: 0..255 |
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702 18 ITU Rec 709 Y range: 0..255 Cb/Cr range: 0..255 |
10166 | 703 |
12333 | 704 samplerate_nom / samplerate_denom = samplerate |
17730 | 705 the number of samples per second, MUST NOT be 0 |
9294 | 706 |
17683 | 707 crc32 checksum |
17710 | 708 Generator polynomial is 0x104C11DB7. Starting value is zero. |
17683 | 709 |
9294 | 710 checksum |
17577 | 711 crc32 checksum |
16686
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712 checksum is calculated for the area pointed to by forward_ptr not |
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713 including the checksum itself (from first byte after the |
17808
278206dd6fbd
clarify, header_checksum is not included in forward_ptr and in packet checksum
ods15
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diff
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|
714 packet_header until last byte before the checksum). |
17711 | 715 for frame headers the checksum contains the framecode byte and all |
716 following bytes upto the checksum itself | |
9294 | 717 |
17792 | 718 header_checksum |
719 checksum over the startcode and forward pointer | |
720 | |
17640 | 721 Syncpoint tags: |
722 --------------- | |
723 | |
17800 | 724 back_ptr_div16 |
725 back_ptr = back_ptr_div16 * 16 + 15 | |
726 back_ptr must point to a position within 16 bytes of a syncpoint | |
17439
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|
727 startcode. This syncpoint MUST be the closest syncpoint such that at |
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|
728 least one keyframe with a pts lower or equal to the original syncpoint's |
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|
729 global_key_pts for all streams lies between it and the current syncpoint. |
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|
730 |
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|
731 A stream where EOR is set is to be ignored for back_ptr. |
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cosmetic change, shift stuff around to more logical places
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|
732 |
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|
733 global_key_pts |
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|
734 After a syncpoint, last_pts of each stream is to be set to: |
17872 | 735 last_pts[i] = convert_ts(global_key_pts, time_base[id], time_base[i]) |
17439
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|
736 |
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diff
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|
737 global_key_pts MUST be bigger or equal to dts of all past frames across |
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|
738 all streams, and smaller or equal to pts of all future frames. |
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|
739 |
17640 | 740 Index tags: |
741 ----------- | |
742 | |
16429 | 743 max_pts |
17796
6edc4492b777
universal timestamp (= stream_id + timestamp in stream timebase)
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|
744 The highest pts in the entire file |
9294 | 745 |
17800 | 746 syncpoint_pos_div16 |
747 offset from begginning of file to up to 15 bytes before the syncpoint | |
17438 | 748 referred to in this index entry. Relative to position of last |
749 syncpoint. | |
750 | |
751 has_keyframe | |
752 indicates whether this stream has a keyframe between this syncpoint and | |
753 the last syncpoint. | |
754 | |
755 keyframe_pts | |
756 The pts of the first keyframe for this stream in the region between the | |
17531 | 757 2 syncpoints, in the stream's timebase. (EOR frames are also keyframes) |
758 | |
759 eor_pts | |
760 Coded only if EOR is set at the position of the syncpoint. The pts of | |
761 that EOR. EOR is unset by the first keyframe after it. | |
9294 | 762 |
16429 | 763 index_ptr |
17726 | 764 Length in bytes of the entire index, from the first byte of the |
765 startcode until the last byte of the checksum. | |
766 Note: A demuxer can use this to find the index when it is written at | |
767 EOF, as index_ptr will always be 12 bytes before the end of file if | |
768 there is an index at all. | |
769 | |
16429 | 770 |
17640 | 771 Info tags: |
772 ---------- | |
773 | |
17669 | 774 stream_id_plus1 |
775 Stream this info packet applies to. If zero, packet applies to whole | |
776 file. | |
777 | |
778 chapter_id | |
779 Id of chapter this packet applies to. If zero, packet applies to whole | |
780 file. Positive chapter_id's are real chapters and MUST NOT overlap. | |
781 Negative chapter_id indicate a sub region of file and not a real | |
782 chapter. chapter_id MUST be unique to the region it represents. | |
17711 | 783 chapter_id n MUST not be used unless there are at least n chapters in the |
784 file | |
17669 | 785 |
786 chapter_start | |
17796
6edc4492b777
universal timestamp (= stream_id + timestamp in stream timebase)
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diff
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|
787 timestamp of start of chapter |
17669 | 788 |
789 chapter_len | |
790 Length of chapter in same timebase of chapter_start. | |
16686
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|
791 |
9323 | 792 type |
16686
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793 for example: "UTF8" -> string or "JPEG" -> JPEG image |
17685 | 794 "v" -> unsigned integer |
795 "s" -> signed integer | |
796 "r" -> rational | |
16686
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797 Note: nonstandard fields should be prefixed by "X-" |
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|
798 Note: MUST be less than 6 byte long (might be increased to 64 later) |
9323 | 799 |
13308
8ff17d153414
info packet is now file global, while meta pakcet is stream specific, as discussed with Rich
alex
parents:
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diff
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|
800 info packet types |
16686
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|
801 the name of the info entry, valid names are |
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|
802 "Author" |
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|
803 "Description" |
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|
804 "Copyright" |
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|
805 "Encoder" |
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|
806 the name & version of the software used for encoding |
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|
807 "Title" |
17669 | 808 "Cover" (allowed types are "PNG" and "JPEG") |
16686
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809 image of the (CD, DVD, VHS, ..) cover (preferably PNG or JPEG) |
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|
810 "Source" |
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|
811 "DVD", "VCD", "CD", "MD", "FM radio", "VHS", "TV", "LD" |
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|
812 Optional: appended PAL, NTSC, SECAM, ... in parentheses |
18899 | 813 "SourceContainer" |
814 "nut", "mkv", "mov", "avi", "ogg", "rm", "mpeg-ps", "mpeg-ts", "raw" | |
815 "SourceCodecTag" | |
816 the source codec id like a fourcc which was used to store a specific | |
817 stream in its SourceContainer | |
16686
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|
818 "CaptureDevice" |
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|
819 "BT878", "BT848", "webcam", ... (more exact names are fine too) |
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|
820 "CreationTime" |
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|
821 "2003-01-20 20:13:15Z", ... |
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|
822 (ISO 8601 format, see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html) |
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|
823 Note: do not forget the timezone |
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|
824 "Keywords" |
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|
825 "Language" |
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|
826 ISO 639 and ISO 3166 for language/country code |
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|
827 something like "eng" (US english), can be 0 if unknown |
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|
828 and "multi" if several languages |
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|
829 see http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/englangn.html |
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830 and http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/codlstp1/en_listp1.html |
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|
831 the language code |
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|
832 "Disposition" |
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|
833 "original", "dub" (translated), "comment", "lyrics", "karaoke" |
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|
834 Note: if someone needs some others, please tell us about them, so we |
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|
835 can add them to the official standard (if they are sane) |
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836 Note: nonstandard fields should be prefixed by "X-" |
17686 | 837 Note: names of fields SHOULD be in English if a word with the same |
17653 | 838 meaning exists in English |
16686
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839 Note: MUST be less than 64 bytes long |
9295 | 840 |
841 value | |
16686
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|
842 value of this name/type pair |
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|
843 |
9310 | 844 stuffing |
16686
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|
845 0x80 can be placed in front of any type v entry for stuffing purposes |
17797
b1d80d05eaa8
limit stuffing to prevent header_checksum from endup being useless due to a gb of 0x80 after a 'N'
michael
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|
846 except the forward_ptr and all fields in the frame header where a |
b1d80d05eaa8
limit stuffing to prevent header_checksum from endup being useless due to a gb of 0x80 after a 'N'
michael
parents:
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diff
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|
847 maximum of 8 stuffing bytes per field are allowed |
9294 | 848 |
16842
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|
849 |
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diego
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|
850 Structure: |
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|
851 ---------- |
9294 | 852 |
853 the headers MUST be in exactly the following order (to simplify demuxer design) | |
854 main header | |
855 stream_header (id=0) | |
856 stream_header (id=1) | |
857 ... | |
858 stream_header (id=n) | |
859 | |
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860 headers may be repeated, but if they are, then they MUST all be repeated |
15008
0a43341c8bfd
less amateurish-looking mpcf.txt patch by (Jeff >snacky ikaruga co uk<)
michael
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diff
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|
861 together and repeated headers MUST be identical |
17547 | 862 |
863 Each set of repeated headers not at the beginning or end of the file SHOULD | |
864 be stored at the earliest possible position after 2^x where x is | |
15008
0a43341c8bfd
less amateurish-looking mpcf.txt patch by (Jeff >snacky ikaruga co uk<)
michael
parents:
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diff
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|
865 an integer and the file end, so the headers may be repeated at 4102 if that is |
0a43341c8bfd
less amateurish-looking mpcf.txt patch by (Jeff >snacky ikaruga co uk<)
michael
parents:
14919
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|
866 the closest position after 2^12=4096 at which the headers can be placed |
9294 | 867 |
17547 | 868 Note: this allows an implementation reading the file to locate backup |
869 headers in O(log filesize) time as opposed to O(filesize) | |
870 | |
15008
0a43341c8bfd
less amateurish-looking mpcf.txt patch by (Jeff >snacky ikaruga co uk<)
michael
parents:
14919
diff
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|
871 headers MUST be placed at least at the start of the file and immediately before |
12501 | 872 the index or at the file end if there is no index |
16428 | 873 headers MUST be repeated at least twice (so they exist three times in a file) |
9295 | 874 |
16685 | 875 there MUST be a sync point immediately before the first frame after any headers |
12503 | 876 |
16842
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Reformat section titles so that it becomes easier to tell sections and
diego
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|
877 |
d977560c702b
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diego
parents:
16686
diff
changeset
|
878 Index: |
d977560c702b
Reformat section titles so that it becomes easier to tell sections and
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parents:
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|
879 ------ |
d977560c702b
Reformat section titles so that it becomes easier to tell sections and
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|
880 |
15008
0a43341c8bfd
less amateurish-looking mpcf.txt patch by (Jeff >snacky ikaruga co uk<)
michael
parents:
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|
881 Note: with realtime streaming, there is no end, so no index there either |
17533 | 882 Index MAY only be repeated after main headers. |
17726 | 883 If an index is written anywhere in the file, it MUST be written at end of |
884 file as well. | |
9310 | 885 |
16842
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|
886 |
17669 | 887 Info: |
888 ----- | |
889 | |
20910
824cb042e035
allow info packets to appear in mid-stream, outside of main headers.
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|
890 All info packets stored after a main header set MUST also have an identical |
17771 | 891 info packet after every main-stream-header set |
9310 | 892 |
20910
824cb042e035
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ods15
parents:
20870
diff
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|
893 All info packets not stored after a main header set MUST have |
824cb042e035
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ods15
parents:
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diff
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|
894 chapter_id!=0 . |
824cb042e035
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|
895 |
824cb042e035
allow info packets to appear in mid-stream, outside of main headers.
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896 Info packets SHOULD be written after main header sets in non realtime |
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897 streams. |
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898 |
17771 | 899 If a demuxer has seen several info packets with the same chapter_id and |
900 stream_id then it MUST ignore all but the one with the highest position in | |
901 the file | |
17669 | 902 |
20650 | 903 demxuxers SHOULD NOT search the whole file for info packets |
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904 |
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905 demuxer (non-normative): |
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906 ------------------------ |
12501 | 907 |
16428 | 908 in the absence of a valid header at the beginning, players SHOULD search for |
909 backup headers starting at offset 2^x; for each x players SHOULD end their | |
910 search at a particular offset when any startcode is found (including syncpoint) | |
12501 | 911 |
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912 |
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913 |
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914 Semantic requirements: |
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915 ====================== |
16429 | 916 |
17018
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917 If more than one stream of a given stream class is present, each one SHOULD |
16429 | 918 have info tags specifying disposition, and if applicable, language. |
17018
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919 It often highly improves usability and is therefore strongly encouraged. |
16429 | 920 |
921 A demuxer MUST NOT demux a stream which contains more than one stream, or which | |
922 is wrapped in a structure to facilitate more than one stream or otherwise | |
923 duplicate the role of a container. any such file is to be considered invalid. | |
17798
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924 for example vorbis in ogg in nut is invalid, as is |
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925 mpegvideo+mpegaudio in mpeg-ps/ts in nut or dvvideo + dvaudio in dv in nut |
16429 | 926 |
12501 | 927 |
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928 |
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929 Sample code (Public Domain, & untested): |
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930 ======================================== |
9294 | 931 |
932 typedef BufferContext{ | |
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933 uint8_t *buf; |
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934 uint8_t *buf_ptr; |
9294 | 935 }BufferContext; |
936 | |
937 static inline uint64_t get_bytes(BufferContext *bc, int count){ | |
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938 uint64_t val=0; |
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939 |
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940 assert(count>0 && count<9); |
9294 | 941 |
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942 for(i=0; i<count; i++){ |
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943 val <<=8; |
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944 val += *(bc->buf_ptr++); |
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945 } |
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946 |
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947 return val; |
9294 | 948 } |
949 | |
950 static inline void put_bytes(BufferContext *bc, int count, uint64_t val){ | |
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951 uint64_t val=0; |
9294 | 952 |
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953 assert(count>0 && count<9); |
9294 | 954 |
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955 for(i=count-1; i>=0; i--){ |
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956 *(bc->buf_ptr++)= val >> (8*i); |
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957 } |
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958 |
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959 return val; |
9294 | 960 } |
961 | |
10061 | 962 static inline uint64_t get_v(BufferContext *bc){ |
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963 uint64_t val= 0; |
9294 | 964 |
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965 for(; space_left(bc) > 0; ){ |
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966 int tmp= *(bc->buf_ptr++); |
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967 if(tmp&0x80) |
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968 val= (val<<7) + tmp - 0x80; |
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969 else |
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970 return (val<<7) + tmp; |
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971 } |
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972 |
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973 return -1; |
9294 | 974 } |
975 | |
10061 | 976 static inline int put_v(BufferContext *bc, uint64_t val){ |
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977 int i; |
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978 |
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979 if(space_left(bc) < 9) return -1; |
9294 | 980 |
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981 val &= 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL; // FIXME can only encode upto 63 bits currently |
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982 for(i=7; ; i+=7){ |
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983 if(val>>i == 0) break; |
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984 } |
9294 | 985 |
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986 for(i-=7; i>0; i-=7){ |
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987 *(bc->buf_ptr++)= 0x80 | (val>>i); |
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988 } |
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989 *(bc->buf_ptr++)= val&0x7F; |
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990 |
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991 return 0; |
9579
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992 } |
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993 |
12333 | 994 static int64_t get_dts(int64_t pts, int64_t *pts_cache, int delay, int reset){ |
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995 if(reset) memset(pts_cache, -1, delay*sizeof(int64_t)); |
12333 | 996 |
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997 while(delay--){ |
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998 int64_t t= pts_cache[delay]; |
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999 if(t < pts){ |
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1000 pts_cache[delay]= pts; |
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1001 pts= t; |
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1002 } |
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1003 } |
12333 | 1004 |
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1005 return pts; |
12333 | 1006 } |
1007 | |
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1008 |
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1009 |
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1010 Authors: |
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1011 ======== |
10158
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1012 |
16428 | 1013 Folks from the MPlayer developers mailing list (http://www.mplayerhq.hu/). |
1014 Authors in alphabetical order: (FIXME! Tell us if we left you out) | |
16843 | 1015 Beregszaszi, Alex (alex@fsn.hu) |
1016 Bunkus, Moritz (moritz@bunkus.org) | |
1017 Diedrich, Tobias (ranma+mplayer@tdiedrich.de) | |
1018 Felker, Rich (dalias@aerifal.cx) | |
1019 Franz, Fabian (FabianFranz@gmx.de) | |
1020 Gereoffy, Arpad (arpi@thot.banki.hu) | |
1021 Hess, Andreas (jaska@gmx.net) | |
1022 Niedermayer, Michael (michaelni@gmx.at) | |
1023 Shimon, Oded (ods15@ods15.dyndns.org) |