annotate DOCS/xml/hu/tvinput.xml @ 20873:8f0c616d7425

Add forgotten new_sh_sub
author reimar
date Mon, 13 Nov 2006 16:18:05 +0000
parents 91bf44886996
children 7631fc684b64
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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2 <!-- synced with r20551 -->
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3 <chapter id="tv">
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4 <title>TV</title>
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5
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6 <sect1 id="tv-input" xreflabel="TV input">
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7 <title>TV bemenet</title>
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8
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9 <para>
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10 Ez a rész arról szól, hogy hogyan lehet <emphasis role="bold">adást nézni/lementeni
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11 V4L kompatibilis TV tunerrel</emphasis>. Lásd a man oldalt a TV-s kapcsolók és
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12 a vezérlő billentyűk listájáért.
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13 </para>
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14
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15
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16 <sect2 id="tv-compilation">
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17 <title>Fordítás</title>
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18
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19 <procedure>
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20 <step><para>
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21 Először is újra fordítanod kell. A <filename>./configure</filename>
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22 automatikusan megtalálja a v4l dolgok kernel fejléceit és a
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23 <filename>/dev/video*</filename> bejegyzéseket. Ha léteznek, a TV támogatás
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24 be lesz építve (lásd a <filename>./configure</filename> kimenetét).
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25 </para></step>
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26 <step><para>
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27 Győződj meg róla, hogy a tunered működik másik Linuxos TV szoftverrel is,
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28 például a <application>XawTV</application>-vel.
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29 </para></step>
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30 </procedure>
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31 </sect2>
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32
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33 <sect2 id="tv-tips">
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34 <title>Használati tippek</title>
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35 <para>
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36 A kapcsolók teljes listája a man oldalon található.
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37 Itt csak pár tippet említünk meg:
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38 </para>
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39 <itemizedlist>
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40 <listitem>
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41 <para>
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42 Használd a <option>channels</option> kapcsolót. Például:
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43 <screen>-tv channels=26-MTV1,23-TV2</screen>
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44 Magyarázat: ha ezt a kapcsolót használod, akkor csak a 26-os és a 23-as csatorna
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45 lesz használható, és szép OSD szöveg lesz csatorna váltáskor, mely a csatorna nevét
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46 jelzi ki. A csatorna nevében lévő szóközöket a &quot;_&quot; karakterrel kell kicserélni.
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47 </para>
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48 </listitem>
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49
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50 <listitem>
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51 <para>
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52 Válassz valamilyen értelmes képméretet. A kp méreteinek oszthatónak kell lennie 16-tal.
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53 </para>
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54 </listitem>
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55
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56 <listitem>
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57 <para>
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58 Ha videót mentesz el úgy, hogy a függőleges felbontás nagyobb, mint a teljes
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59 felbontás fele (pl. 288 a PAL-nál és 240 az NTSC-nél), akkor a kapott 'képkockák'
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60 tényleg átlapolt mezőpárok lesznek.
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61 Attól függően, hogy mit akarsz csinálni a videóval, hagyhatod ebben a formában,
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62 veszteséges deinterlacing-et hajthatsz végre vagy szétszedheted a párokat
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63 egyedi mezőkre.
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64 </para>
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65 <para>
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66 Különben a filmed torzul a gyors mozgású jelenetek alatt és a bitráta vezérlő
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67 is valószínűleg képtelen lesz az előírt bitráta megtartására, ahogy az
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68 interlacing változások nagy mennyiségű adatot eredményeznek és így nagy
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69 sávszélességet vesznek el. A deinterlacing-et bekapcsolhatod a
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70 <option>-vf pp=DEINT_TYPE</option> kapcsolóval. Általában a
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71 <option>pp=lb</option> jó, de ez az egyéni beállításokon is múlik. A többi
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72 deinterlacing algoritmust lásd a manuálban és próbálgasd ki őket.
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73 </para>
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74 </listitem>
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75
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76 <listitem>
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77 <para>
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78 Vágd le a felesleges helyet. Ha videót mentesz, a sarki arénák teljesen
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79 feketék és némi zajt tartalmaznak. Ezek szintén nagy sávszélességet foglalnak
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80 el feleslegesen. Pontosabban nem maguk a fekete területek, hanem az éles
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81 átmenetek a fekete és a világosabb videó kép között, de ez most nem fontos
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82 igazából. Mielőtt elindítanád a mentést, állítsd be a <option>crop</option>
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83 kapcsoló argumentumait, így a széleknél lévő vackok le lesznek vágva.
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84 És ne feledd a képméreteket ésszerű keretek között tartani.
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85 </para>
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86 </listitem>
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87
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88 <listitem>
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89 <para>
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90 Figyelj a CPU terhelésre. Legtöbbször átlépi a 90%-os határt. Ha nagy mentési
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91 buffered van, a <application>MEncoder</application> túlél egy esetleges túlterhelést
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92 pár másodpercig, de semmi több. Jobb kikapcsolni a 3D OpenGL képernyővédőket
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93 és a hasonló dolgokat.
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94 </para>
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95 </listitem>
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96
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97 <listitem>
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98 <para>
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99 Ne szórakozz a rendszer órával. A <application>MEncoder</application> a
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100 rendszer órát használja az A/V szinkronhoz. Ha átállítod a rendszer órát (különösen
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101 vissza az időben), a <application>MEncoder</application> összezavarodik és
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102 képkockákat veszítesz. Ez egy fontos dolog, ha hálózathoz kapcsolódsz és futtatsz
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103 valamilyen idő szinkronizációs szoftvert, mint pl. NTP. Ki kell kapcsolnod az
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104 NTP-t a mentési folyamat alatt, ha megbízható mentést akarsz.
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105 </para>
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106 </listitem>
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107
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108 <listitem>
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109 <para>
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110 Ne változtasd meg az <option>outfmt</option>-t, hacsak vagy biztos benne, hogy mit
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111 csinálsz, vagy a kártyád/vezérlőd tényleg nem támogatja az alapértelmezést
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112 (YV12 színtér). A <application>MPlayer</application>/<application>MEncoder</application>
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113 régebbi verzióiban szükséges volt a kimeneti formátum megadása. Ez a jelenlegi
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114 kiadásban már javítva lett és az <option>outfmt</option> már nem szükséges, az
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115 alapértelmezés megfelel a legtöbb esetben. Például ha videót mentesz DivX-be
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116 a <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> használatával és megadod
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117 az <option>outfmt=RGB24</option>-t a mentett kép minőségének növelése érdekében,
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118 a mentett kép igazából később lesz visszakonvertálva YV12-be így az egyetlen,
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119 amit elérsz, az erőteljes CPU használat.
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120 </para>
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121 </listitem>
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122
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123 <listitem>
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124 <para>
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125 Az I420 színtér megadásához (<option>outfmt=i420</option>) meg kell adnod egy
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126 <option>-vc rawi420</option> kapcsolót is, mivel fourcc ütközés van egy Intel Indeo
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127 videó codec-kel.
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128 </para>
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129 </listitem>
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130
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131 <listitem>
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132 <para>
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133 Rengeteg módon menthetsz el audiót. A hangot grabbelheted a hang kártyáddal is
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134 egy a videó kártya és a line-in között lévő külső kábelen keresztül, vagy a
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135 bt878-as chip-be beépített ADC segítségével. A második esetben be kell töltened
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136 a <emphasis role="bold">btaudio</emphasis> vezérlőt. Olvasd el a
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137 <filename>linux/Documentation/sound/btaudio</filename> fájlt (a kernel fájában,
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138 nem az <application>MPlayer</application>ében) némi leírásért ezen vezérlő
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139 használatával kapcsolatban.
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140 </para>
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141 </listitem>
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142
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143 <listitem>
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144 <para>
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145 Ha a <application>MEncoder</application> nem tudja megnyitni az audió eszközt,
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146 győződj meg róla, hogy tényleg elérhető-e. Gond lehet a hang szerverekkel, mint
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147 pl. aRts (KDE) vagy ESD (GNOME). ha full duplex hang kártyád van (majdnem
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148 az összes hangkártya tudja már ezt manapság), és KDE-t használsz, próbáld
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149 meg bekapcsolni a "full duplex" opciót a hangkártya tulajdonságok menüben.
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150 </para>
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151 </listitem>
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152 </itemizedlist>
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153 </sect2>
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154
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155
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156 <sect2 id="tv-examples">
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157 <title>Példák</title>
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158
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159 <informalexample>
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160 <para>
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161 Dummy kimenet AAlib-re :)
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162 <screen>
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163 mplayer -tv driver=dummy:width=640:height=480 -vo aa tv://<!--
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164 --></screen>
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165 </para>
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166 </informalexample>
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167
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168 <informalexample>
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169 <para>
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170 Bemenet standard V4L-ről:
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171 <screen>
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172 mplayer -tv driver=v4l:width=640:height=480:outfmt=i420 -vc rawi420 -vo xv tv://<!--
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173 --></screen>
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174 </para>
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175 </informalexample>
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176
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177 <informalexample>
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178 <para>
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179 Egy sokkal mesterkéltebb példa. Ezzel a <application>MEncoder</application>
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180 elmenti a teljes PAL képet, levágja a széleket és deinterlace-eli a képet
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181 a linear blend algoritmus segítségével. Az audió 65 kbps-es állandó bitrátával
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182 kerül tömörítésre, a LAME codec felhasználásával. Ez a beállítás megfelelő a
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183 filmek elmentéséhez.
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184 <screen>
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185 mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 \
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186 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=900 \
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187 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=64 \
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188 -vf crop=720:544:24:16,pp=lb -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> tv://
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189 </screen>
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190 </para>
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191 </informalexample>
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192
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193 <informalexample>
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194 <para>
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195 This will additionally rescale the image to 384x288 and compresses the
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196 video with the bitrate of 350kbps in high quality mode. The vqmax option
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197 looses the quantizer and allows the video compressor to actually reach so
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198 low bitrate even at the expense of the quality. This can be used for
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199 capturing long TV series, where the video quality isn't so important.
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200 <screen>
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201 mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 \
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202 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=350:vhq:vqmax=31:keyint=300 \
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203 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=48 \
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204 -vf crop=720:540:24:18,pp=lb,scale=384:288 -sws 1 -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> tv://
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205 </screen>
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206 Meg lehet adni kisebb képméretet is a <option>-tv</option> kapcsolónál és ki lehet
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207 hagyni a szoftveres méretezést, de ez a megközelítés a lehető legtöbb információt
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208 használja fel és egy kicsit ellenállóbb a zajokkal szemben. A bt8x8 chip-ek a
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209 pixel átlagolást csak vízszintesen tudják hardveres korlátok miatt.
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210 </para>
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211 </informalexample>
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212 </sect2>
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213 </sect1>
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214
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215 </chapter>