annotate DOCS/formats.html @ 5373:b476f5d1c91e

10l to nick - ACCEPT_WIDTH fixed
author arpi
date Wed, 27 Mar 2002 21:49:19 +0000
parents 5882b38e1c2d
children 1a7fd8f13ac0
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1 <HTML>
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3 <HEAD>
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4 <STYLE>
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5 .text
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6 {font-family : Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
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7 font-size : 14px;}
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8 </STYLE>
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9 </HEAD>
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11 <BODY BGCOLOR=WHITE>
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13 <FONT CLASS="text">
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15 <P><B><A NAME=2.1>2.1. Supported formats</A></B></P>
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16
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17 <P>It is important to clarify a common mistake. When people see a file with a
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18 <B>.AVI</B> extension, they immediately conclude that it is not a MPEG file.
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19 That is not true. At least not entirely. Contrary to popular belief such a file
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20 <B>can</B> contain MPEG1 video.</P>
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21
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22 <P>You see, a <B>codec</B> is not the same as a <B>file format</B>.<BR>
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23 Video <B>codecs</B> are: MPEG1, MPEG2, DivX, Indeo5, 3ivx.<BR>
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24 Video <B>formats</B> are: MPG, AVI, ASF.<BR>
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25 </P>
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26
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27 <P>In theory, you can happily put an OpenDivX video and MP3 audio
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28 into a <B>MPG</B> format file. Most players will not play it, though, since
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29 they expect MPEG1 video and MP2 audio (<B>.MPG</B> does not have the
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30 necessary fields to describe its video and audio streams, like <B>.AVI</B>
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31 does). Or you might put MPEG1 video into an .AVI file. <A HREF="http://ffmpeg.sourceforge.net">FFmpeg</A>
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32 and <A HREF="encoding.html">MEncoder</A> can create these files.</P>
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33
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34 <P>In contrast to that audio <B>codecs</B> and audio <B>formats</B> are basically the same terms.</P>
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37 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1>2.1.1. Video formats</A></B></P>
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39
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40 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.1>2.1.1.1. MPEG files</A></B></P>
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41
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42 <P>
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43 <LI>MPG : This is the most <B>basic</B> form of the MPEG file formats. It contains
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44 MPEG1 video, and MP2 (MPEG-1 layer 2) or rarely MP1 audio.</LI>
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45 <LI>DAT : This is the very same format as MPG with a different extension. It is used
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46 on <B>Video CD</B>s. Due to the way VCDs are created and Linux is designed,
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47 the DAT files cannot be played nor copied from VCDs as regular files. You have
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48 to use the <CODE>-vcd</CODE> option to play the Video CD.</LI>
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49 <LI>VOB : This is the MPEG file format on <B>DVD</B>s. It is the same as MPG, plus the
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50 capability to contain subtitles or non-MPEG (AC3) audio. It contains encoded MPEG2
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51 video and usually AC3 audio, but DTS, MP2 and uncompressed LPCM are allowed, too.<BR>
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52 <B>Read the <A HREF="cd-dvd.html#4.2">DVD section</A> !</B></LI>
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53 </P>
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54
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55 <P>Series of frames form independent groups in MPEG files. This means that you
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56 can cut/join an MPEG file with standard file tools (like dd, cut), and it
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57 remains completely functional.</P>
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58
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59 <P>One important feature of MPGs is that they have a field to describe
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60 the aspect ratio of the video stream within. For example SVCDs have
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61 480x480 resolution video, and in the header that field is set to 4:3, so that
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62 it is played at 640x480. AVI files do not have this field, so they have to be
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63 rescaled during encoding or played with the <CODE>-aspect</CODE> option.</P>
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64
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66 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.2>2.1.1.2. AVI files</A></B></P>
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67
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68 <P>Designed by Micro$oft, <B>AVI (Audio Video Interleaved)</B> is a
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69 widespread multipurpose format currently used mostly for DivX and DivX4
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70 video. It has many known drawbacks and shortcomings (for example in streaming).
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71 It supports one video stream and 0 to 99 audio streams and can be as big as
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72 2GB. There exists an extension allowing bigger files called <B>OpenDMS</B>.
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73 M$ currently strongly discourages its use and encourages ASF/WMV. Not that
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74 anybody cares.<BR>
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75 <B>NOTE</B>: DV cameras can create two types of AVI formats. One is common and
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76 playable, the other is neither.</P>
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77
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78 <P>There are two kinds of AVI files:
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79 <UL>
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80 <LI><B>Interleaved</B>: Audio and video content is interleaved. This is the
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81 standard usage. Recommended and mostly used. Some tools create interleaved
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82 AVIs with bad sync. <B>MPlayer</B> detects these as interleaved, and this
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83 climaxes in loss of A/V sync, probably at seeking. These files should be
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84 played as non-interleaved (with the <CODE>-ni</CODE> option).</LI>
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85 <LI><B>Non-interleaved</B>: First comes the whole video stream, then the whole
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86 audio stream. It thus needs a lot of seeking, making playing from network or
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87 CD-Rom difficult.</LI>
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88 </UL>
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89 </P>
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90
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91 <P><B>MPlayer</B> supports two kinds of timings for AVI files:
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92 <UL>
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93 <LI><B>bps-based</B>: It is based on the bitrate/samplerate of the video/audio stream. This
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94 method is used by most players, including avifile and windows media player.
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95 Files with broken headers, and files created with VBR audio but not
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96 VBR-compliant encoder will result in A/V desync with this method (mostly at
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97 seeking).</LI>
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98 <LI><B>interleaving-based</B>: It does not use the bitrate value of the header, instead
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99 it uses the relative position of interleaved audio and video chunks, making
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100 badly encoded files with VBR audio playable.</LI>
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101 </UL>
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102 </P>
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103
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104 <P>Any audio and video codec is allowed, but note that VBR audio is not well
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105 supported by most players. The file format makes it possible to use VBR
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106 audio, but most players expect CBR audio, thus they fail with VBR. VBR is
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107 uncommon and Microsoft's AVI specs only describe CBR audio. I also noticed that
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108 most AVI encoders/multiplexers create bad files when using VBR audio. There are only
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109 two exceptions (known to me): NaNDub and <A HREF="encoding.html">MEncoder</A>.</P>
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110
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112 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.3>2.1.1.3. ASF/WMV files</A></B></P>
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113
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114 <P>ASF (active streaming format) comes from Microsoft. They developed two
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115 variants of ASF, v1.0 and v2.0. v1.0 is used by their media tools (windows
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116 media player and windows media encoder) and is very secret. v2.0 is published
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117 and patented :). Of course they differ, there is no compatibility at all (it is
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118 just another legal game). <B>MPlayer</B> supports only v1.0, as nobody has ever seen
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119 v2.0 files :) . Note, that .ASF files nowdays come with the extension .WMA or
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120 .WMV.</P>
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122
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123 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.4>2.1.1.4. QuickTime/MOV files</A></B></P>
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124
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125 <P>These are from the Macintosh. They usually have a .QT or .MOV extension. Note
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126 that since the MPEG4 group chose QuickTime as the recommended file format
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127 for MPEG4, their .MOV files come with a .MPG or .MP4 extension (Interestingly
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128 the video and audio streams in these files are real .MPG and .AAC files. With the
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129 <CODE>-dumpvideo/-dumpaudio</CODE> options you can even extract them!).</P>
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130
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131 <P><B>Codecs</B>: Any codec is allowed, both CBR and VBR. Note: most new QuickTime files use
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132 <B>Sorensen</B> video and QDesign Music audio. These formats are completely
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133 secret, and only Apple's QuickTime player is able to play these files (on
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134 win/mac only).</P>
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135
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136
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137 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.5>2.1.1.5. VIV files</A></B></P>
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138
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139 <P><B>MPlayer</B> happily demuxes VIVO file formats. The biggest disadvantage of
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140 the format is that it has no index block, nor a fixed packet size or sync bytes
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141 and most files lack even keyframes, so forget seeking!</P>
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142
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143 <P>The video codec of VIVO/1.0 files is standard <B>h.263</B>. The video codec
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144 of VIVO/2.0 files is a modified, nonstandard <B>h.263v2</B>. The audio is the same,
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145 it may be <B>g.723</B> (standard), or <B>Vivo Siren</B>.</P>
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146
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147 <P>See the <A HREF=codecs.html#2.2.1.4>VIVO video codec</A>
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148 and <A HREF=codecs.html#2.2.2.4>VIVO audio codec</A> sections for installation
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149 instructions.</P>
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150
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151
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152 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.6>2.1.1.6. FLI files</A></B></P>
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153
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154 <P><B>FLI</B> is a very old file format used by Autodesk Animator, but it is
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155 a common file format for short animations on the net. <B>MPlayer</B> demuxes
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156 and decodes FLI movies and is even able to seek within them (useful when
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157 looping with the <CODE>-loop</CODE> option). FLI files do not have keyframes, so the picture
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158 will be messy for a short time after seeking.</P>
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159
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160
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161 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.7>2.1.1.7. RealMedia (RM) files</A></B></P>
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162
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163 <P>Yes, <B>MPlayer</B> can read (demux) RealMedia (.rm) files. Seeking works
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164 (the format supports keyframes). Here are the lists of the supported
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165 <A HREF="codecs.html#2.2.1.8">RealVideo</A>
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166 and <A HREF="codecs.html#2.2.2.5">RealAudio</A> codecs.
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167
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168
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169 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.8>2.1.1.8. NuppelVideo files</A></B></P>
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170
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171 <P><A HREF="http://mars.tuwien.ac.at/~roman/nuppelvideo">NuppelVideo</A>
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172 is a TV grabber tool (AFAIK:). <B>MPlayer</B> can read its <CODE>.nuv</CODE>
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173 files (only NuppelVideo 5.0). Those files can contain uncompressed YV12,
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174 YV12+RTJpeg compressed, YV12 RTJpeg+lzo compressed, and YV12+lzo compressed
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175 frames. <B>MPlayer</B> decodes (and also <B>encodes</B> them with MEncoder to
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176 DivX/etc!) them all. Seeking is being implemented.</P>
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177
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178
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179 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.9>2.1.1.9. yuv4mpeg files</A></B></P>
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180
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181 <P><A HREF="http://mjpeg.sourceforge.net">yuv4mpeg / yuv4mpeg2</A> is
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182 a file format used by the <A HREF="http://mjpeg.sf.net">mjpegtools programs</A>.
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183 You can grab, produce, filter or encode video in this format using these.
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184 The file format is really a sequence of uncompressed YUV 4:2:0 images.
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185 </P>
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186
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187
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188 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.10>2.1.1.10. FILM files</A></B></P>
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189
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190 <P>This format is used on old Sega Saturn CD-Rom games.</P>
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191
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192
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193 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.11>2.1.1.11. RoQ files</A></B></P>
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194
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195 <P>RoQ files are multimedia files used in some ID games such as Quake III and
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196 Return to Castle Wolfenstein.</P>
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197
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198
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199 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.2>2.1.2. Audio formats</A></B></P>
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200
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201 <P><B>MPlayer</B> used to be a <B>Movie</B> and not a <B>Media</B> player.
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202 This is slowly changing and MP3, OGG VORBIS, WMA, MP4 and WAV are currently
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203 supported. Nevertheless the main focus is still video, so you may prefer to
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204 use alternatives like <A HREF="http://www.xmms.org">xmms</A> or
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205 <A HREF="http://www.mpg123.de">mpg123</A> instead.</P>
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206
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207 <P>You may have problems playing certain MP3 files that <B>MPlayer</B> will
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208 misdetect as mpegs and play incorrectly or not at all. This cannot be fixed
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209 without dropping support for certain broken mpeg files and thus will remain
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210 like this for the foreseeable future. The <CODE>-demuxer</CODE> flag described
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211 in the manpage may help you in these cases.</P>
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212
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213 </BODY>
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214 </HTML>