annotate DOCS/Chinese/formats.html @ 7835:d489890c59d3

add an option to force audio recording when a tv card reports no audio sources
author henry
date Tue, 22 Oct 2002 07:56:13 +0000
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children e7aad3a3bb7c
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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2 <HTML>
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3
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4 <HEAD>
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5 <TITLE>格式 -- MPlayer -- Linux的电影播放器</TITLE>
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6 <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="default.css">
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7 <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=gb_2312-80">
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8 </HEAD>
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9
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10 <BODY>
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12
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13 <H2><A NAME="formats">2.1 支持的格式</A></H2>
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14
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15 <P>首先澄清一个普遍的错误是非常重要的。 当人们看到以<B>.AVI</B>为扩展名的文件时,他们立即得出结论,认定它不是MPEG文件。
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16 那种看法是不对的。至少不完全对。与一般人的看法相反这种文件<B>能</B>包含MPEG1视频。</P>
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17
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18 <P>如你所见,一种<B>编码方式</B>与一种<B>文件格式</B>是不一样的。<BR>
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19 视频<B>编码格式</B>的例子有:MPEG1,MPEG2,DivX,Indeo5,3ivx。<BR>
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20 文件<B>格式</B>的例子有:MPG,AVI,ASF。</P>
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21
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22 <P>在理论上,你能把OpenDivX视频和MP3音频放到<B>MPG</B>格式的文件中。然而,大多数播放器将无法播放它,
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23 由于他们期待的是MPEG1视频和MP2音频(不同于<B>AVI</B>格式,<B>MPG</B>没有必要的区域来描述其视频和音频流)。
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24 或者你可以把MPEG1视频放到AVI文件中。<A HREF="http://ffmpeg.sourceforge.net">FFmpeg</A>和
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25 <A HREF="encoding.html">MEncoder</A>就能建立这样的文件。</P>
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28
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29 <H3><A NAME="video_formats">2.1.1 视频格式</A></H3>
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31
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32 <H4><A NAME="mpeg">2.1.1.1 MPEG文件</A></H4>
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33
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34 <P>MPEG文件会以不同的形式出现:</P>
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35
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36 <UL>
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37 <LI>MPG:这是MPEG文件格式的最<B>基本</B>形式。它包含MPEG1视频和MP2(MPEG-1 layer 2)或者极少数是MP1音频。</LI>
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38 <LI>DAT:这是与MPG完全相同的格式,只是换了扩展名。它在<B>Video CD</B>上使用。因为制作VCD的方法和Linux的设计,
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39 DAT文件不能直接播放也不能作为普通的文件从VCD上复制下来。你必须使用<CODE>-vcd</CODE>选项来播放VCD。</LI>
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40 <LI>VOB:这是用在<B>DVD</B>上的MPEG文件格式。它与MPG一样,加上能包含字幕或者非MPEG(AC3)音频的能力。
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41 它包含编码的MPEG2视频和通常是AC3的音频,但是,MP2和非压缩的LPCM DTS音频也被允许使用。<BR>
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42 <B>参见<A HREF="cd-dvd.html#dvd">DVD</A>一节!</B></LI>
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43 </UL>
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44
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45 <P>MPEG文件中的帧序列组成独立的组。这意味着你能用标准的文件工具(像<CODE>dd</CODE>,<CODE>cut</CODE>)切割和合并MPEG文件,
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46 并且得到的文件还是完全可用的。</P>
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47
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48 <P>MPG的一个重要的特性是它们有一个描述视频流长宽比的区域。例如SVCD有480x480的分辨率的视频,而在文件头中的那个区域被置为4:3,
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49 这样它以640x480的分辨率被播放。AVI文件没有这个区域,因此他们必须在编码或者播放时用<CODE>-aspect</CODE>重新缩放。</P>
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50
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51
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52 <H4><A NAME="avi">2.1.1.2 AVI文件</A></H4>
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53
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54 <P>由微软设计,<B>AVI(Audio Video Interleaved)</B>是一种普遍的多用途格式,目前被大多数DivX和DivX4视频所使用。
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55 它有许多已知的弊端和缺点(比如在流播放时)。它支持1个视频流和0到99个音频流。文件大小限制是2GB,但是现在存在一种扩展格式
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56 称为<B>OpenDMS</B>允许更大的文件。微软目前强烈反对使用它并鼓励使用ASF与WMV。不过没有什么人在乎。</P>
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57
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58 <P>有一个hack允许AVI文件包含Ogg Vorbis音频流的,但这使他们与标准的AVI不兼容。<B>MPlayer</B>支持播放这种文件。
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59 搜索功能也被植入,但由于编码糟糕的文件的混乱的文件头使这项功能被严重限制了。遗憾地是,目前唯一能建立这种文件的编码器,
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60 NanDub,就存在这个问题。</P>
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61
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62 <P><B>注意:</B>DV照相机建立的未经加工的DV流被DV grabbing utilities转换成两种不同类型的AVI文件。所以AVI将或者包含
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63 <B>MPlayer</B>可以播放的分离的音频与视频流,或者是未经加工的DV流,它的支持正在开发中的。</P>
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64
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65 <P>有两种类型的AVI文件:</P>
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66 <UL>
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67 <LI><B>交错的:</B>音频和视频内容是交错的。这是标准使用方法。被推荐且多半都使用。一些工具以错误的同步方式建立交错的AVI。
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68 <B>MPlayer</B>认为这些文件是交错的,这会导致A/V不同步,在搜索时最为明显。这些文件应该被当作非交错的文件来播放
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69 (使用<CODE>-ni</CODE>选项)。</LI>
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70 <LI><B>非交错的:</B>首先是整个视频流,然后是整个音频流。因此这需要大量的搜索,使用网络或者CD-ROM播放变的困难。</LI>
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71 </UL>
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72
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73 <P><B>MPlayer</B>支持两种AVI文件的计时方式:</P>
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74 <UL>
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75 <LI><B>基于bps</B>: 它基于视频与音频河流的比特率/采样率。这种方法被大多数播放器使用,包括
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76 <A HREF="http://avifile.sourceforge.net">avifile</A>和Windows媒体播放器。这种方法对于文件头损坏的文件,
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77 以及文件创建时使用VBR音频却没有使用VBR兼容的编码器的情况将导致A/V不同步(多半在搜索时)。</LI>
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78 <LI><B>基于交错方式</B>: 它不使用文件头的比特率,而是使用交错的音频和视频块的相关位置,使VBR音频的编码糟糕的文件可以播放。</LI>
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79 </UL>
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80
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81 <P>任何视频和音频的编码格式都允许使用,但注意大多数播放器对VBR音频的支持都不好。文件格式允许使用VBR音频,但是大多数播放器期待CBR音频,
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82 这样它们无法播放VBR。VBR是常见而且和微软AVI说明仅描述CBR音频。大多数AVI编码器/多路复用器在使用VBR音频时会创建坏的文件。目前已知的
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83 只有两个例外:NanDub和<A HREF="encoding.html">MEncoder</A>。</P>
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84
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85
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86 <H4><A NAME="asf">2.1.1.3 ASF与WMV文件</A></H4>
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87
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88 <P>ASF(active streaming format)格式来自微软。他们开发了ASF的两个变种,v1.0和v2.0. v1.0被他们的媒体工具(Windows媒体播放器和
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89 Windows媒体编码器)使用并且是保密的. v2.0被公开并申请专利:)。当然,他们是不同的,完全没有任何兼容性(那只是另一个法律游戏)。
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90 <B>MPlayer</B>只支持v1.0格式因为没有任何人见过v2.0格式的文件:)。注意,ASF文件现在常以.WMA或者.WMV的扩展名出现。</P>
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91
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92
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93 <H4><A NAME="mov">2.1.1.4 QuickTime与MOV文件</A></H4>
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94
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95 <P>这些格式是由苹果设计的,能包含任何编码格式,CBR或者VBR。他们通常使用.QT或者.MOV的扩展名。自从MPEG4组织选择QuickTime作为
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96 MPEG4的推荐文件格式后,他们的MOV文件以.MPG或.MP4的扩展名(有趣的是这些文件的视频和音频流是真正的MPG和AAC文件。你甚至能用
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97 <CODE>-dumpvideo</CODE>和<CODE>-dumpaudio</CODE>选项提取他们。)。</P>
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98
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99 <P><B>注意:</B>大多数新的QuickTime文件使用<B>Sorenson</B>视频和QDesign Music音频。参见我们的<A HREF="codecs.html#sorenson">
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100 Sorenson</A>编码格式一节。QDesign Music音频目前不能播放。</P>
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101
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102
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103 <H4><A NAME="vivo">2.1.1.5 VIVO文件</A></H4>
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104
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105 <P><B>MPlayer</B>乐于解码VIVO文件格式。这个格式的最大缺陷在于它没有索引块,也没有一个固定的包大小或者同步字节和大多数文件
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106 甚至缺乏关键帧,所以别想着搜索了!</P>
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107
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108 <P>VIVO/1.0文件的视频编码格式是标准的<B>h.263</B>。VIVO/2.0文件的视频编码格式是一个经过修改的,非标准的<B>h.263v2</B>。
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109 音频也使一样,它可以是<B>g.723</B>(标准的),或<B>Vivo Siren</B>。</P>
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110
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111 <P>关于安装指导参见<A HREF="codecs.html#vivo_video">VIVO视频编码格式</A>和<A HREF="codecs.html#vivo_audio">
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112 VIVO音频编码格式</A>两节。</P>
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113
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114
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115 <H4><A NAME="fli">2.1.1.6 FLI文件</A></H4>
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116
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117 <P><B>FLI</B>被Autodesk Animator使用的一种很老的文件格式,但是它是网上小动画普遍使用的一种文件格式。<B>MPlayer</B>
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118 能读取并解码FLI电影寻求在它们中搜索(当使用<CODE>-loop</CODE>选项循环播放时有用)。FLI文件没有关键帧,
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119 因此图画在搜索后短时间内将是混乱的。</P>
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120
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121
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122 <H4><A NAME="real">2.1.1.7 RealMedia(RM)文件</A></H4>
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123
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124 <P>是的,<B>MPlayer</B>能读取(demux)RealMedia(.rm)文件。搜索功能能工作,但是你必须明确地指定<CODE>-forceidx</CODE>选项
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125 (这种格式支持关键帧)。这里是被支持的<A HREF="codecs.html#realvideo">RealVideo</A>和<A HREF="codecs.html#realaudio">
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126 RealAudio</A>编码格式的列表。</P>
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127
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128
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129 <H4><A NAME="nuppelvideo">2.1.1.8 NuppelVideo文件</A></H4>
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130
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131 <P><A HREF="http://mars.tuwien.ac.at/~roman/nuppelvideo">NuppelVideo</A>是电视截取工具(据我所知:)。<B>MPlayer</B>
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132 能读取它的.NUV文件(只能是NuppelVideo 5.0)。那些文件能包含未压缩的YV12,压缩的YV12+RTJpeg,压缩的YV12+lzo和压缩的YV12 RTJpeg+lzo帧。
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133 <B>MPlayer</B>能解码所有这些格式(并且用<B>MEncoder</B>把它们<B>编码</B>成DivX/etc!)。搜索功能能工作。</P>
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134
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135
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136 <H4><A NAME="yuv4mpeg">2.1.1.9 yuv4mpeg文件</A></H4>
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137
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138 <P><A HREF="http://mjpeg.sourceforge.net">yuv4mpeg/yuv4mpeg2</A>是用于<A HREF="http://mjpeg.sf.net">mjpegtools programs
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139 </A>的文件格式。你能用这些工具进行这种格式的视频截取,制作,过滤或编码。这种文件格式是一个非压缩的YUV 4:2:0图象序列。</P>
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140
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141
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142 <H4><A NAME="film">2.1.1.10 FILM文件</A></H4>
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143
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144 <P>这种格式用于老的世嘉土星CD-ROM游戏。</P>
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145
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146
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147 <H4><A NAME="roq">2.1.1.11 RoQ文件</A></H4>
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148
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149 <P>RoQ文件是用于ID的一些游戏例如Quake III和Return to Castle Wolfenstein的多媒体文件。</P>
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150
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151
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152 <H4><A NAME="ogg">2.1.1.12 OGG文件</A></H4>
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153
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154 <P>这是<A HREF="http://www.xiph.org">Xiphophorus</A>的一个新的文件格式。它能包含任何视频或者音频编码格式,
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155 CBR或者VBR。要想播放它,你需要在编译<B>MPlayer</B>之前安装<CODE>libogg</CODE>和<CODE>libvorbis</CODE>。</P>
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156
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157
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158 <H3><A NAME="audio_formats">2.1.2 音频格式</A></H3>
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159
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160 <P><B>MPlayer</B>是一个<B>电影</B>播放器而不是<B>媒体</B>播放器,虽然它能播放一些音频文件(他们将在下面的
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161 部分中列出)。不推荐这种使用<B>MPlayer</B>的方法,你最好使用<A HREF="http://www.xmms.org">xmms</A>。</P>
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162
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163
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164 <H4><A NAME="mp3">2.1.2.1 MP3文件</A></H4>
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165
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166 <P>你可能在播放有些MP3文件时遇到问题,<B>MPlayer</B>将它们错误的检测为MPEG文件并且不能正常播放或者完全不能播放。
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167 如果要修正这个问题就必须放弃对有些被破坏的MPEG文件的支持,所以在可以预见的将来仍然会是这样。manpage中描述的
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168 <CODE>-demuxer</CODE>标签在这些情况下可能会帮助你。</P>
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169
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170
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171 <H4><A NAME="wav">2.1.2.2 WAV文件</A></H4>
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172
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173
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174 <H4><A NAME="ogg_vorbis">2.1.2.3 OGG文件(Vorbis)</A></H4>
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175
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176 <P>要求正确的安装<CODE>libogg</CODE>和<CODE>libvorbis</CODE>。</P>
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177
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178
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179 <H4><A NAME="wma">2.1.2.4 WMA与ASF文件</A></H4>
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180
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181
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182 <H4><A NAME="mp4">2.1.2.5 MP4文件</A></H4>
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183
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184 </BODY>
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185 </HTML>