annotate DOCS/xml/es/users-vs-dev.xml @ 18892:d851f1841bc8

Sync to svn up to 27.6.2006
author jheryan
date Tue, 04 Jul 2006 09:10:28 +0000
parents 613cc5d45ba4
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
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2 <!-- synced with 1.10 -->
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3 <appendix id="users-vs-dev">
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4 <title>Lloriqueos de desarrolladores</title>
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5
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6 <sect1 id="gcc-296">
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7 <title>GCC 2.96</title>
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8
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9 <formalpara>
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10 <title>El escenario:</title>
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11 <para>
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12 La serie <emphasis role="bold">2.95</emphasis> de GCC es una liberación oficial
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13 de GNU y la verseión 2.95.3 de GCC es la serie más libre de errores que existe.
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14 Nunca se han tenido problemas de compilación derivados de gcc-2.95.3. Comenzando
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15 con Red Hat Linux 7.0, <emphasis role="bold">Red Hat</emphasis> fue incluida una
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16 versión de CVS fuertemente parcheada de GCC en sus distribuciones y fue denominada
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17 <emphasis role="bold">2.96</emphasis>. Red Hat incluyó esta versión en su
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18 distribución porque GCC 3.0 no estaba finalizada en ese momento, y necesitaban
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19 un compilador que funcionase bien en todas las plataformas soportadas, incluyendo
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20 IA64 y s390. El distribuidor de Linux <emphasis role="bold">Mandrake</emphasis>
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21 también siguió el ejemplo de Red Hat y comenzó a llevar GCC 2.96 en su serie
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22 Linux-Mandrake 8.0.
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23 </para>
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24 </formalpara>
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25
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26 <formalpara>
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27 <title>Los hechos:</title>
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28 <para>
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29 El equipo GCC renuncian cualquier vinculación con GCC 2.96 y publican una
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30 <ulink url="http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-2.96.html">respuesta oficial</ulink>
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31 sobre GCC 2.96. Algunos desarrolladores alrededor del mundo comienzan a tener
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32 problemas con GCC 2.96, y empiezan a recomendar otros compiladores. Ejemplos son
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33 <ulink url="http://www.mysql.com/downloads/mysql-3.23.html">MySQL</ulink>,
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34 y
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35 <ulink url="http://avifile.sourceforge.net/news-old1.htm">avifile</ulink>.
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36 Otros enlaces interesantes son
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37 <ulink url="http://www.atnf.csiro.au/people/rgooch/linux/docs/kernel-newsflash.html">
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38 noticias instantáneas acerca del kernel de Linux 2.4.17</ulink>
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39 y
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40 <ulink url="http://www.voy.com/3516/572.html">Voy Forum</ulink>.
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41 <application>MPlayer</application> también sufre problemas intermitentes
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42 que son resueltos cambiando entre diferentes versiones de GCC. Varios
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43 proyectos empiezan a implementar variaciones de algunos aspectos de 2.96,
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44 pero se niegan a arreglar problemas de otras personas, especialmente porque
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45 algunos arreglos pueden implicar pérdidas de rendimiento.
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46 </para>
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47 </formalpara>
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48
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49 <para>
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50 GCC 2.96 no permite caracteres <literal>|</literal> (tuberías) en comentarios
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51 en ensamblador porque esto lo hace Intel igual que la sintaxis de AT&amp;T y
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52 el caracter <literal>|</literal> es un símbolo en la variante Intel. El problema
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53 es que <emphasis>silenciosamente</emphasis> ignora el bloque de ensamblador
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54 por completo. Esto es supuestamente corregible ahora, GCC imprime un mensaje
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55 de advertencia en lugar de saltarse el bloque.
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56 </para>
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57
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58 <formalpara>
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59 <title>El presente:</title>
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60 <para>
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61 Red Hat dice que GCC 2.96-85 y superior están arreglados. La situación ha sido
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62 mejorada, pero se siguen viendo informes de problemas en nuestras listas de correo
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63 que desaparecen con un compilador diferente. En cualquier caso esto no tiene
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64 más importancia. Alegremente, un maduro GCC 3.x ha resuelto bien los problemas. Si
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65 desea compilar con 2.96 puede indicar el parámetro
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66 <option>--disable-gcc-checking</option> a <filename>configure</filename>. Recuerde que
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67 que es elección suya y <emphasis role="bold">no informe de problemas</emphasis>. Si lo
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68 hace será expulsado de nuestras listas de correo porque ha sido avisao de manera
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69 más que suficiente de las guerras con GCC 2.96. Por favor, déjenos contarle el resto.
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70 </para>
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71 </formalpara>
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72
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73 <para>
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74 Si tiene problemas con GCC 2.96, puede obtener los paquetes 2.96-85 del
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75 <ulink url="ftp://updates.redhat.com">servidor ftp</ulink> de Red Hat, o
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76 vaya directamente a por los <ulink url="ftp://people.redhat.com/jakub/gcc/3.2.3-11/">
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77 paquetes gcc-3.2.3-11</ulink> (no oficiales, pero funcionan bien) y puede instalarlos junto
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78 con gcc-2.96 si ya lo tiene. <application>MPlayer</application> detectará
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79 y usará 3.2 en lugar de 2.96. Si no desea o no puede usar los paquetes
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80 binarios, aquí tiene cómo compilar GCC 3 desde el código fuente:
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81 </para>
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82
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83 <procedure>
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84 <step><para>
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85 Vaya a
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86 <ulink url="http://gcc.gnu.org/mirrors.html">la web de sitios espejo de GCC</ulink>
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87 y descargue <filename>gcc-core-<replaceable>XXX</replaceable>.tar.gz</filename>
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88 donde <replaceable>XXX</replaceable> es el número de versión. Esto incluye el compilador
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89 C completo y es suficiente para <application>MPlayer</application>. Si también quiere
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90 C++, Java, o algunas de las otras características avanzadas de GCC,
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91 <filename>gcc-<replaceable>XXX</replaceable>.tar.gz</filename> suplirá mejor sus necesidades.
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92 </para></step>
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93 <step><para>
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94 Extraiga el fichero con
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95 <screen>tar -xvzf gcc-core-<replaceable>XXX</replaceable>.tar.gz</screen>
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96 </para></step>
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97 <step><para>
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98 GCC no es construido dentro del directorio del código fuente como la mayoría
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99 de los programas, sino que necesita un directorio fuera donde compilarse. Por eso
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100 necesita crear ese directorio via
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101 <screen>mkdir gcc-build</screen>
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102 </para></step>
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103 <step><para>
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104 Entonces puede proceder a configurar gcc en el directorio build, pero puede
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105 que necesite configurar desde el directorio de fuentes:
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106 <screen>
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107 cd gcc-build
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108 ../gcc-3.<replaceable>XXX</replaceable>/configure</screen>
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109 </para></step>
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110 <step><para>
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111 Compile GCC usando esta orden en el directorio build:
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112 <screen>make bootstrap</screen>
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113 </para></step>
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114 <step><para>
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115 Ahora puede instalar GCC (como root) escribiendo
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116 <screen>make install</screen>
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117 </para></step>
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118 </procedure>
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119 </sect1>
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120
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121
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122 <sect1 id="mplayer-binary">
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123 <title>Distribución binaria</title>
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124
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125 <para>
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126 <application>MPlayer</application> previamente contenía código fuente del proyecto
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127 OpenDivX, que no permitía su distribución binaria. Este código ha sido eliminado
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128 en la versión 0.90-pre1 y el archivo que queda <filename>divx_vbr.c</filename>
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129 que ha derivado del código de OpenDivX ha sido puesto bajo licencia GPL por sus
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130 autores como la versión 0.90pre9. Ahora es bienvenido a crear paquetes binarios
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131 como usted quiera ajustarlo.
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132 </para>
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133
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134 <para>
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135 Otro impedimento para la distribución binaria es por optimizaciones en tiempo
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136 de compilación para la arquitectura de la CPU. <application>MPlayer</application>
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137 ahora soporta detección de CPU en tiempo de ejecución (pase
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138 <option>--enable-runtime-cpudetection</option> a <command>configure</command>).
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139 Está desactivado por defecto porque implica un pequeño sacrificio de velocidad,
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140 pero ahora es posible crear binarios que corran en diferentes miembros de la familia
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141 de CPU's compatibles con Intel.
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142 </para>
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143 </sect1>
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144
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145
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146 <sect1 id="nvidia-opinions">
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147 <title>nVidia</title>
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148
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149 <para>
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150 Nos desagrada el hecho de que <ulink url="http://www.nvidia.com">nVidia</ulink>
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151 solo provea controladores binarios (para usar con XFree86), que tienen muchos fallos.
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152 Tenemos muchos informes en
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153 <ulink url="http://mplayerhq.hu/pipermail/mplayer-users/">mplayer-users</ulink>
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154 acerca de problemas relacionados con estos controladores de código-cerrado
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155 y de su pobre calidad, inestabilidad y pobre soporte a usuarios y expertos.
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156 Muchos de estos problemas/informes aparecen repetidamente.
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157 Hemos contactado con nVideia, y nos dicen que esos errores no existen, que la
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158 inestabilidad es causada por circuitos AGP malos, y que ellos no reciben informes
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159 de fallos en sus controladores (como la línea púrpura). De modo que si tiene un problema
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160 con su tarjeta nVidia, actualice su controlador nVidia y/o compre
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161 una placa base nueva o pregunte a nVidia por unos controladores de código-abierto.
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162 En cualquier caso, si está usando los controladores binarios de nVidia y experimenta
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163 problemas relacionados con eso, por favor sepa que por nuestra parte recibirá muy poca ayuda
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164 porque tenemos muy poca información a respecto.
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165 </para>
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166 </sect1>
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167
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168
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169 <sect1 id="joe-barr">
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170 <title>Joe Barr</title>
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171
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172 <para>
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173 Joe Barr se hizo infame en diciembre de 2001 por escribir un más que desfavorable
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174 artículo sobre <application>MPlayer</application> llamado
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175 <ulink url="http://www.linuxworld.com/story/32880.htm"><application>MPlayer</application>: El proyecto del infierno</ulink>.
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176 Él encuentra <application>MPlayer</application> dificil de instalar, y concluye que
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177 los desarrolladores son poco amistosos y la documentación está incompleta y es insultante.
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178 Juzgue usted mismo sobre ese asunto. También menciona a Arpi de manera negativa en su
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179 <ulink url="http://www.linuxworld.com/story/32887.htm">10 predicciones sobre Linux para 2002</ulink>.
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180 En un reportaje sobre xine llamado
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181 <ulink url="http://www.linuxworld.com/story/32716.htm">Un reproductor de medios para el
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182 resto de nosotros</ulink> con lo que siguió aumentando la controversia.
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183 Irónicamente al final del artículo cita su intercambio con Günter Bartsch,
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184 el autor original de <application>xine</application>,
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185 que resume perfectamente la situación por completo:
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186
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187 <blockquote><para>
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188 Sin embargo, también ha dicho que se "sorprendió" por mi columna acerca de
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189 <application>MPlayer</application> y piensa que es injusto, recordandome que esto
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190 es un proyecto de software libre. "Si no te gusta hazlo tú," dice Bartsch, "eres libre de no
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191 usarlo".
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192 </para></blockquote>
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193
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194 Casi dos años después en octubre de 2003 escribe otro artículo llamado
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195 <ulink url="http://www.newsforge.com/article.pl?sid=03/10/02/0343200"><application>MPlayer</application> revisitado</ulink>.
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196 En este llega a las siguientes conclusiónes:
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197
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198 <blockquote><para>
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199 Me gustaría decir que han hecho mejoras en gran cantidad de características, en
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200 rendimiento, y en documentación. Sigue si ser el más facil de instalar en el mundo,
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201 especialmente para novatos, pero es un poco mejor de los que he usado.
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202 </para></blockquote>
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203
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204 y
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205
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206 <blockquote><para>
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207 Pero lo más importante, no he notado ningún cambio reciente en los comentarios acerca
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208 del abuso de usuario. Creo que tengo derecho a algún crédito por ello, incluso si
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209 lo digo por mi mismo. Arpi y el resto del equipo del proyecto deben sentirse libres
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210 también de ese modo, porque tienen una sección especial sobre mí para recordarme dentro
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211 del paquete de documentación. Como decía al principio, algunas cosas no han cambiado
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212 del todo.
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213 </para></blockquote>
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214
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215 No podemos resumir nuestros sentimientos sobre Joe Barr mejor:
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216 &quot;Sigue sin ser el mejor artículo de investigación o el más justo del mundo,
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217 pero es un poco mejor de los que he usado.&quot; Con suerte la próxima vez conseguiremos
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218 que sus espectativas sean otras. Sin embargo, el crédito de madurez solo lo obtenemos
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219 con la edad, y quizá comience otra vez a aburrirnos y amenazarnos.
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220 </para>
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221
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222 </sect1>
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223 </appendix>