annotate DOCS/German/encoding.html @ 7333:e7ddd1923b67

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author alex
date Mon, 09 Sep 2002 16:13:51 +0000
parents 7e654203b6b2
children e4c5ee3aa3e9
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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2 <HTML>
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3
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4 <HEAD>
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5 <TITLE>Konvertierung - MPlayer - The Movie Player for Linux</TITLE>
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6 <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="default.css">
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7 <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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8 </HEAD>
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9
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10 <BODY>
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13 <H2><A NAME="encoding">2.4. Encodieren mit MEncoder</A></H2>
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14
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15 <P><B>MEncoder</B> (<B>MPlayer</B>'s Movie Encoder) ist ein einfacher Filmencoder,
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16 entworfen um Filme, die mit <B>MPlayer</B> abspielbar sind (<B>AVI/ASF/OGG/DVD/VCD/VOB/MPG/MOV/VIV/FLI/RM/NUV/NET</B>),
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17 in ein anderes von <B>MPlayer</B> abspielbares Format (siehe unten) zu encodieren. Er kann mehrere Codecs zur
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18 Encodierung benutzen, wie <B>DivX4</B> (1, 2 oder 3 Pass), libavcodec und <B>PCM</B>/<B>MP3</B>/<B>VBRMP3</B> Audio.
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19 Er verfügt auch über eine stream-copy-Funktion und kann die Grösse der Videos ändern.</P>
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21
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22 <H3><A NAME="compilation">2.4.1. Kompilierung</A></H3>
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23
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24 <UL>
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25 <LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - Lies die Anleitungen zur <B>MPlayer</B> Kompilierung.</LI>
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26 <LI><B>OPTIONAL (nur Linux)</B> - Downloade die neuesten <B>DivX4linux</B> Libs von
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27 <A HREF="http://avifile.sourceforge.net/download.htm">avifile.sourceforge.net</A>
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28 und installiere sie RICHTIG. Es wird benötigt für das DivX4 (1/2 Pass) encodieren.
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29 Weil er (zur Zeit) noch davon abhängig ist, ist MEncoder auf Linux beschränkt.</LI>
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30 <LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - <A HREF="codecs.html#xvid">downloade und installiere
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31 <B>XViD</B></A>. Nicht sehr nützlich, libavcodec's <I>mpeg4</I> Codec
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32 kann viel schneller UND in besserer Qualität codieren als XViD oder DivX4/5.</LI>
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33 <LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - für libavcodec Support, installiere libavcodec wie beschrieben in
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34 <A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">ffmpegs DivX/libavcodec</A>.</LI>
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35 <LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - Downloade und kompiliere <B>libmp3lame</B> (von lame 3.89beta oder lame CVS).<BR>
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36 <B>Warnung: Kompiliere Lame &lt; 3.90 auf keinen Fall mit <U>GCC 2.96</U>! Es wird nicht funktionieren.</B><BR>
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37 Dies wird für die CBR/VBR MP3 Audio Encodierung benötigt. Bedenke dass die <CODE>lame</CODE>
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38 Binary allein nicht genug ist. Übrigens: je weniger Optimierungen du für lame
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39 verwendest, desto besser wird die Qualität. Du kannst die Qualität mit <CODE>make test</CODE>
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40 nach dem Kompilieren von lame testen. Das Ergebnis (eine Zahl) sollte kleiner als <B>30</B> sein.
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41 Aber keine Panik wenn sie <B>400</B> oder ähnlich ist, du solltest keine mindere Qualität bemerken können.
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42 Oh, und wenn dein Compiler <CODE>make test</CODE> nicht ausführt ... dann lösche <B>GCC 2.96</B>
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43 oder upgrade Lame auf mindestens <B>3.90</B>.</LI>
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44 <LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - <CODE>libjpeg</CODE> und <CODE>libpng</CODE> -
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45 wie in der <A HREF="documentation.html#installation">Installation</A>
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46 Sektion beschrieben</LI>
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47 </UL>
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48
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49 <P>Du bist fertig. Wie du möglicherweise weisst, benötigen andere Encoder <I>avifile</I>. <B>MEncoder</B> braucht diese
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50 überhaupt nicht.</P>
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52
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53 <H3><A NAME="features">2.4.2. MEncoder Features</A></H3>
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55 <UL>
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56 <LI>Encodieren von der großen Reichweite an Dateiformaten und Decodern von <B>MPlayer</B></LI>
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57 <LI>Encodieren von allen Codecs von <A HREF=codecs.html#libavcodec>libavcodec</A></LI>
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58 <LI>Erzeugung von Dateien aus einer externen Tonspur</LI>
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59 <LI>Encodieren von <B>V4L kompatiblem TV-Tunern</B></LI>
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60 <LI>Encodieren/Multiplexen zu interleaved AVI-Datei mit Index</LI>
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61 <LI>1, 2 oder 3 Pass Encodierung</LI>
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62 <LI><B>VBR</B> MP3 Audio, <B>wichtiger Hinweis:</B> VBR MP3 Audio wird von Windows-Playern
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63 nicht immer gut wiedergegeben. Andererseits ist <B>MEncoder</B>'s CBR Encodierung auf
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64 Win32-Playern ausser Betrieb :)</LI>
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65 <LI>PCM Audio</LI>
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66 <LI>stream-copy</LI>
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67 <LI>Eingangs A/V-Synchronisation (PTS-basierend, kann mit der -mc 0 Option ausgeschaltet werden)</LI>
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68 <LI>Korrektur der FPS mit der <CODE>-ofps</CODE> Option (hilfreich beim Encodieren von 29.97fps VOB zu 24fps AVI)</LI>
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69 <LI>Bildgrössenänderung (rescaling)</LI>
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70 <LI>Benutzung unseres mächtigen Plugin-Systems (crop, expand, flip, postprocess,
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71 rotate, scale, rgb/yuv Umwandlung)</LI>
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72 <LI>Encodieren von DVD/VOBsub- <B>UND</B> Text-Untertiteln in eine Ausgabedatei</LI>
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73 <LI>Rippen von DVD Untertitel in das Vobsub Format</LI>
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74 </UL>
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75
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76 <H4><I>Geplante Features:</I></H4>
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77
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78 <UL>
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79 <LI>Erhöhen der verfügbaren En-/Decodierungs Formate/Codecs
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80 (erzeugen von VOB Dateien mit DivX4/Indeo5/VIVO Streams :)</LI>
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81 <LI>Audio Encodierung von v4l (FERTIG für FreeBSD ?)</LI>
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82 </UL>
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83
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84
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85 <H4><A NAME="2pass">2.4.2.1. 2-Pass DivX4 Encodierung</A></H4>
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86
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87 <P><U><B>2-pass Encodierung:</B></U> Der Name kommt in der Tat daher, dass diese Methode die Datei <I>zwei Mal</I> encodiert.
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88 Das erste Encodieren (1. <P>Pass</I> [=Durchlauf]) erzeugt einige temporäre Dateien (*.log) mit einer Dateigröße
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89 von nur wenigen, lösche sie nicht (du kannst die AVI löschen). Im zweiten Pass wird die Ausgabedatei erzeugt, unter
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90 Verwendung der Bitraten-Daten der temporären Datei. Die endgültige Datei wird eine bessere Bildqualität
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91 besitzen. Wenn dies das erst Mal ist das du davon hörst, solltest du einige Guides in Internet lesen.</P>
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92
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93 <P>Dieses Beispiel zeigt dir, wie du eine DVD in ein 2-Pass DivX4 AVI encodierst. Nur 2 Befehle sind erforderlich:<BR>
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94 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm frameno.avi</CODE> - Lösche diese Datei, welche von einer früheren
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95 Encodierung kommen kann (Sie führt zu einem Konflikt mit der momentanen)<BR>
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96 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:weitere_optionen -o film.avi -pass 1</CODE><BR>
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97 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:weitere_optionen -o film.avi -pass 2</CODE></P>
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98
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99 <P><U><B>3-pass Encodierung:</B></U> Dies ist eine Erweiterung der 2-Pass Encodierung,
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100 in der die Kodierung von Audio in einem separaten Durchlauf vollzogen wird. Diese Methode
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101 erlaubt die Untersuchung der empfohlenen Video-Bitrate um auf eine CD zu passen. Auch
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102 wird der Ton nur einmal kodiert im Unterschied zum 2-Pass. Das Schema: </P>
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103
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104 <TABLE>
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105 <TR><TD><CODE>rm frameno.avi</CODE></TD>
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106 <TD><B>Lösche störende temporäre Dateien</B></TD></TR>
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107 <TR><TD><CODE>mencoder &lt;datei/DVD&gt; -ovc frameno -o frameno.avi</CODE></TD>
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108 <TD><B><U>Erster Durchlauf:</U> Eine Audio-only avi Datei wird erzeugt, welche
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109 NUR den verlangten Audiostream enthält. Vergiss nicht <CODE>-lameopts</CODE> zu setzen,
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110 wenn du sie setzen musst. Wenn du einen langen Film encodierst, zeigt MEncoder
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111 die empfohlenen Bitraten-werte an für 650Mb, 700Mb und 800Mb Endgrössen,
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112 wenn er diesen Durchlauf beendet hat.</B></TD></TR>
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113 <TR><TD><CODE>mencoder &lt;datei/DVD&gt; -oac copy -pass 1 -ovc divx4 -divx4opts br=&lt;bitrate&gt;</CODE></TD>
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114 <TD><B><U>Zweiter Durchlauf:</U> Integriert den ersten Durchlauf der DivX4 Video-Encodierung.
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115 Optional kann die Video-Bitrate, welche am Ende des letzten Durchlaufes gezeigt wurde,
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116 hier definiert werden.</B></TD></TR>
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117 <TR><TD><CODE>mencoder &lt;datei/DVD&gt; -oac copy -pass 2 -ovc divx4 -divx4opts br=&lt;bitrate&gt;</CODE></TD>
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118 <TD><B><U>Dritter Durchlauf:</U> Integriert den zweiten Durchlauf der DivX4 Video Encodierung.
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119 Optional kann die Video-Bitrate, welche am Ende des letzten Durchlaufes gezeigt wurde,
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120 In diesem Durchlauf wird der Ton vom <CODE>frameno.avi</CODE> in die endgültige Datei
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121 eingefügt und es ist alles bereit.</B></TD></TR>
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122 </TABLE>
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123
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124 <H4>Beispiel einer 3-pass Encodierung:</H4>
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125
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126 <P><CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm frameno.avi</CODE> - Lösche diese Datei,
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127 welche von einer früheren Encodierung kommen kann (Sie führt zu einem Konflikt mit
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128 der momentanen)<BR>
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129 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc frameno -o frameno.avi</CODE><BR>
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130 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:weitere_optionen -oac copy -o film.avi -pass 1</CODE><BR>
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131 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:weitere_optionen -oac copy -o film.avi -pass 2</CODE></P>
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132
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133 <P><U><B>2 oder 3-pass Encodierung unter Benutzung des internen libavcodec Kontrollers:</B></U>
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134 Man kann optional libavcodec's internen 2 oder 3-pass Modus verwenden, welcher vielleicht zu einer
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135 besseren endgültigen Genauigkeitrate führt als bei der Benutzung des externen, DivX4-inspirierten
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136 2-pass Kontrollers mit libavcodec.</P>
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137
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138 <UL>
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139 <LI><B>2-pass Encodierung:</B><BR>
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140 <CODE>rm -f lavc_stats.txt</CODE><BR>
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141 <CODE>mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 (Audio-Optionen) -o film.avi</CODE><BR>
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142 <CODE>mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 (Audio-Optionen) -o film.avi</CODE></LI>
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143 <LI><B>3-pass Encodierung:</B><BR>
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144 <CODE>rm -f frameno.avi lavc_stats.txt</CODE><BR>
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145 <CODE>mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc frameno (Audio-Optionen) -o frameno.avi</CODE><BR>
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146 <CODE>mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o film.avi</CODE><BR>
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147 <CODE>mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o film.avi</CODE></LI>
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148 </UL>
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149
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150
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151 <H4><A NAME="rescaling">2.4.2.2. Rescaling von Filmen</A></H4>
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152
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153 <P>Oftmals ist die Änderung der Bildgröße erforderlich. Die Gründe dafür können verschieden sein,
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154 Beispiele sind das Verkleinern des Ausgabenbildes oder das Encodieren von SVCD zu DivX. Bei gerippt DVDs
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155 wurde meinst die Größe geändert, zum Beispiel eine 4:3 DVD sollte 640x480 Pixel haben, insbesondere wenn
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156 es auf eine CD passen soll und eine gute Bildqualität zugleich aufweisen soll.
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157 SVCDs haben eine Größe von 480x480, wobei ihr Header jedoch die "Aspect Ratio" für den Player enthält
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158 (z.B.: 480x480 + 4:3 = 640x480). Wie auch immer, wenn du in eine AVI (DivX) Datei encodierst musst du
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159 bedenken, dass der Header von AVI Dateien keine solche Information enthält. Darum ist die einzige Möglichkeit
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160 das Ändern das Auslösung.</P>
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161
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162 <P>Der Skalierungsprozess erfolgt durch den <I>'scale</I> Videofilter:
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163 <CODE>-vop scale=X:Y</CODE>. Die Qualität kann durch die Option <CODE>-sws</CODE> angegeben werden.
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164 Wenn nichts angegeben ist verwendet <B>MEncoder</B> 0:
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165 fast bilinear.</P>
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166
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167 <P>Verwendung:<BR>
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168 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder beispiel-svcd.mpg -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:weitere_optionen -vop scale=640:480 -sws 2 -o ausgabe.avi</CODE></P>
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169
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170
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171 <H4><A NAME="copying">2.4.2.3. Stream-Copy</A></H4>
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172
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173 <P><B>MEncoder</B> kann Input-Streams auf zwei Arten behandeln: <B>encodieren</B> oder
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174 <B>kopieren (copy)</B>. Diese Sektion erklärt das <B>copying</B>.</P>
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175
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176 <UL>
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177 <LI><B>Videostreams</B> (Option <CODE>-ovc copy</CODE>): Es können nette Sachen gemacht werden :)<BR>
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178 Wie das kopieren (nicht konvertieren) von FLI oder VIVO oder MPEG1 Video in eine AVI Datei! Natürlich kann nur <B>MPlayer</B>
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179 solche Dateien abspielen :) Und vermutlich hat es auch keine Überlebensqualität. Das Kopieren von Videostream
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180 kann nützlicher sein, wenn man zum Beispiel nur den Audiostream encodieren will (z.B.: unkomprimiertes PCM
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181 zu MP3).</LI>
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182 <LI><B>Audiostreams</B> (Option <CODE>-oac copy</CODE>): siehe oben.</LI>
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183 Es ist möglich eine externe Audiodatei (MP3, AC3, Vorbis) zu nehmen und diese
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184 dem Ausgabestream hinzuzufügen. Benutze dazu die Option
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185 <CODE>-audiofile &lt;dateiname&gt;</CODE>.</LI>
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186 </UL>
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187
44a600d7f8da this new file is similar to 1.14
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188
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189 <H4><A NAME="fixing">2.4.2.4. Reparieren von AVIs mit defektem Index oder Interleaving</A></H4>
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190
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191 <P>Einfache Sache. Wir kopieren einfach die Video- und Audiostreams und
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192 <B>MEncoder</B> erzeugt das Index. Natürlich kann das keine Fehler in den
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193 Video- und/oder Audiostreams lösen. Es kann auch Dateien mit kaputten Interleaving reparieren,
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194 so dass die Option <CODE>-ni</CODE> für diese nicht mehr gebraucht wird.</P>
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195
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196 <P>Befehl: <CODE>mencoder -idx eingabe.avi -ovc copy -oac copy -o ausgabe.avi</CODE></P>
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197
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198
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199 <H4><A NAME="libavcodec">2.4.2.5. Encodierung mit der <I>libavcodec</I> Codec-Familie</A></H4>
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200
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201 <P><A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">libavcodec</A> bietet eine einfache Encodierung für
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202 viele interessante Video und Audio Formate (momentan sind deren Audio Codecs nicht
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203 unterstützt). Du kannst zu folgenden Codecs encodieren:</P>
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204
bcaeff069237 "Here is the correct patch again, some changes for the old ones and a patch for
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205 <UL>
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206 <LI>mjpeg - Motion JPEG</LI>
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207 <LI>h263 - H263</LI>
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208 <LI>h263p - H263 Plus</LI>
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209 <LI>mpeg4 - DivX4</LI>
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210 <LI>msmpeg4v2 - Micro$oft MPEG4 V2 (DivX alias MP43 predecessor)</LI>
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211 <LI>msmpeg4 - das alte DivX</LI>
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212 <LI>rv10 - ein alter RealVideo Codec</LI>
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213 <LI>mpeg1video - MPEG1 video :)</LI>
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214 </UL>
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215
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216 <P>Die erste Kolonne enthält den Codec-Name der nach dem <CODE>vcodec</CODE> Config übergeben
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217 werden sollte, wie z.B.: <CODE>-lavcopts vcodec=msmpeg4</CODE></P>
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218
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219 <P>Ein Beispiel mit MJPEG Kompression:<BR>
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220 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -o titel2.avi -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mjpeg</CODE></P>
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221
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222
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223 <H4><A NAME="image_files">2.4.2.6 Encodierung von mehreren Eingangsbildern (MJPEG/MPNG)</A></H4>
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224
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225 <P><B>MEncoder</B> kann Filme aus einer oder mehreren JPEG oder PNG Dateien.
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226 durch eine einfache Kopierung der Frames kann es MJPEG (Motion JPEG) oder MPNG
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227 (Motion PNG) Dateien erzeugen.</P>
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228
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229 <H4>Erklärung des Prozesses</H4>
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230
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231 <P><B>MEncoder</B> <I>decodiert</I> das/die Eingangsbild(er) mit <CODE>libjpeg</CODE>
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232 (wenn PNGs decodiert werden, wird die <B>libpng</B> benutzt).</P>
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233
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234 <P><B>MEncoder</B> führt die decodierten Bilder danach dem gewählten Videokompressor zu
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235 (DivX4, Xvid, ffmpeg msmpeg4, etc...). Der eingebaute PNG-Decoder, kann momentan leider nur
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236 RGB-Formate ausgeben und kann desshalb nicht mit Codecs, welche YUV als Input benötigen
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237 (wie Divx 4 oder ffmpeg's msmpeg4), gebraucht werden.</P>
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238
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239 <H4>Beispiele</H4>
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240
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241 <P>Die Erklärung der <CODE>-mf</CODE> Option kann unten, in der globalen
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242 <A HREF=#options>Optionen</A> Sektion und in den Manpages gefunden werden.</P>
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243
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244 <P><I>Erstellung einer DivX4-Datei aus allen JPEG-Dateien im momentanen Verzeichnis:</I><BR>
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245 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder \*.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc divx4 -o ausgabe.avi</CODE></P>
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246
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247 <P><I>Erstellung einer DivX4-Datei aus einigen JPEG-Dateien im momentanen Verzeichnis:</I><BR>
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248 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder frame001.jpg,frame002.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc divx4 -o ausgabe.avi</CODE></P>
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249
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250 <P><I>Erstellung einer Motion JPEG (MJPEG) Datei aus allen JPEG-Dateien im momentanen Verzeichnis:</I><BR>
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251 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder \*.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc copy -o ausgabe.avi</CODE></P>
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252
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253 <P><I>Erstellung einer unkomprimierten Datei aus allen PNG-Dateien im momentanen Verzeichnis:</I><BR>
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254 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder \*.png -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc raw -o ausgabe.avi</CODE></P>
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255
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256 <P><I>Erstellung einer Motion PNG (MPNG) Datei aus allen PNG-Dateien im momentanen Verzeichnis:</I><BR>
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257 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder \*.png -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy -o ausgabe.avi</CODE></P>
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258
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259
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260 <H4><A NAME="vobsub">2.4.2.7. Extrahieren von DVD Untertiteln in eine Vobsub Datei</A></H4>
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261
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262 <P><B>MEncoder</B> kann Untertitel von einer DVD extrahieren und sie als Datei
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263 im Vobsub Format speichern. Dieses besteht aus einem Dateipaar (<CODE>.sub</CODE> und <CODE>.idx</CODE>)
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264 und wird gewähnlich in ein einziges <CODE>.rar</CODE> Archiv verpackt. <B>MPlayer</B>
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265 kann diese mit den Optionen <CODE>-vobsub</CODE> und <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE> wiedergeben.</P>
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266
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267 <P>Man gibt dabei den Basisnamen (ohne <CODE>.idx</CODE> oder <CODE>.sub</CODE> Endung) der
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268 Ausgabedatei mit der Option <CODE>-vobsubout</CODE> und den Index des
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269 Untertitels der Ausgabedatei mit der Option <CODE>-vobsuboutindex</CODE> an.</P>
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270
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271 <P>Wenn die Eingabe nicht von einer DVD stammt, sollte die Option
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272 <CODE>-ifo</CODE> verwendet werden, welche die <CODE>.ifo</CODE> Datei angibt, die zur
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273 Erstellung der resultierenden <CODE>.idx</CODE> Datei benötigt wird.</P>
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274
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275 <P>Wenn die Eingabe nicht von einer DVD stammt und keine <CODE>.ifo</CODE> Datei vorhanden ist,
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276 benötigt man die <CODE>-vobsuboutid</CODE> Option um <B>MPlayer</B> zu sagen, welche
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277 Sprachid für die <CODE>.idx</CODE> Datei verwendet werden soll.</P>
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278
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279 <P>Jeder Aufruf fügt neue Untertitel dazu, falls die <CODE>.idx</CODE> und <CODE>.sub</CODE>
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280 Dateien bereits existieren. Sie sollten also vor dem Starten gelöscht werden.</P>
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281
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282 <H4>Beispiele:</H4>
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283
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284 <P><I>Kopieren zweier Untertitel von einer DVD mit 3-pass Encodierung</I><BR>
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285 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>rm untertitel.idx untertitel.sub</CODE><BR>
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286 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -vobsubout untertitel -vobsuboutindex 0 -sid 2 -o frameno.avi -ovc frameno</CODE><BR>
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287 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -pass 1</CODE><BR>
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288 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -pass 2 -vobsubout untertitel -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5</CODE></P>
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289
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290 <P><I>Kopieren eines französischen Untertitels von einer MPEG Datei</I><BR>
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291 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>rm untertitel.idx untertitel.sub</CODE><BR>
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292 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder film.mpg -ifo film.ifo -vobsubout untertitel -vobsuboutindex 0 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1</CODE></P>
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293
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294
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295 <H3><A NAME="options">2.4.3. Verfügbare Optionen</A></H3>
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296
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297 <P>Für eine komplette Liste der verfügbaren Optionen sollte die Manpage durchsucht werden.</P>
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298
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299
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300 </BODY>
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301 </HTML>