Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/tech/nut.txt @ 20658:ed20cbab07a4
Corrigendum 1
change chapter_id from v to s to allow negative chapter_id as required by the spec text
change was unanimously accepted (rich, oded, myself)
this change should not break any existing muxers or demuxers, with the exception of
assumtations about (non)overlapping chapters
author | michael |
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date | Sat, 04 Nov 2006 22:01:51 +0000 |
parents | 9003bae9e510 |
children | b58788cc1b27 |
rev | line source |
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1 ================================== |
20658 | 2 NUT Open Container Format 20061104 |
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3 ================================== |
9294 | 4 |
5 | |
6 | |
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7 Intro: |
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8 ====== |
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9 |
20649 | 10 NUT is a Free multimedia container format for storeage of audio, video, |
11 subtitles and related user defined streams, it provides exact timestamps for | |
12 synchronization and seeking, is simple, has low overhead and can recover | |
13 in case of errors in the stream | |
14 | |
15 other common multimedia container formats are AVI, OGG, Matroska, MP4, MOV | |
16 ASF, MPEG-PS, MPEG-TS | |
17 | |
18 | |
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19 Features / goals: |
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20 (supported by the format, not necessarily by a specific implementation) |
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21 |
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22 Simple |
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23 use the same encoding for nearly all fields |
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24 simple decoding, so slow CPUs (and embedded systems) can handle it |
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25 |
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26 Extendible |
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27 no limit for the possible values of all fields (using universal vlc) |
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28 allow adding of new headers in the future |
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29 allow adding more fields at the end of headers |
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30 |
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31 Compact |
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32 ~0.2% overhead, for normal bitrates |
17438 | 33 index is <100kb per hour |
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34 a usual header for a file is about 100 bytes (audio + video headers together) |
17326 | 35 a packet header is about ~1-5 bytes |
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36 |
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37 Error resistant |
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38 seeking / playback without an index |
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39 headers & index can be repeated |
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40 damaged files can be played back with minimal data loss and fast |
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41 resync times |
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42 |
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43 The spec is frozen. All files following spec will be compatible unless the |
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44 spec is unfrozen. |
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45 |
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46 |
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47 Definitions: |
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48 ============ |
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49 |
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50 MUST the specific part must be done to conform to this standard |
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51 SHOULD it is recommended to be done that way, but not strictly required |
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52 |
20622 | 53 keyframe |
20631 | 54 The nth frame is a keyframe if and only if frames n, n+1, ... in |
55 presentation order (that are all frames with a pts >= frame[n].pts) can | |
56 be decoded successfully without reference to frames prior n in storeage | |
57 order (that are all frames with a dts < frame[n].dts) | |
58 if no such frames exist (for example due to use of overlapped transforms | |
59 like the MDCT in an audio codec) then the definition shall be extended | |
60 by droping n out of the set of frames which must be decodable, if this | |
61 is still insufficient then n+1 shall be droped, and so on until there is | |
62 a keyframe | |
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63 every frame which is marked as a keyframe MUST be a keyframe according to |
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64 the defintion above, a muxer MUST mark every frame it knows is a keyframe |
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65 as such, a muxer SHOULD NOT analyze future frames to determine the |
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66 keyframe status of the current frame but instead just set the frame as |
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67 non keyframe |
20622 | 68 (FIXME maybe move somewhere else?) |
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69 |
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70 |
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71 Syntax: |
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72 ======= |
9294 | 73 |
16428 | 74 Since NUT heavily uses variable length fields, the simplest way to describe it |
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75 is using a pseudocode approach. |
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76 |
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77 |
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78 |
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79 Conventions: |
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80 ============ |
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81 |
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82 The data types have a name, used in the bitstream syntax description, a short |
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83 text description and a pseudocode (functional) definition, optional notes may |
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84 follow: |
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85 |
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86 name (text description) |
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87 functional definition |
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88 [Optional notes] |
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89 |
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90 The bitstream syntax elements have a tagname and a functional definition, they |
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91 are presented in a bottom up approach, again optional notes may follow and |
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92 are reproduced in the tag description: |
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93 |
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94 name: (optional note) |
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95 functional definition |
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96 [Optional notes] |
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97 |
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98 The in-depth tag description follows the bitstream syntax. |
16428 | 99 The functional definition has a C-like syntax. |
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100 |
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101 |
12209 | 102 |
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103 Type definitions: |
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104 ================= |
12209 | 105 |
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106 f(n) (n fixed bits in big-endian order) |
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107 u(n) (unsigned number encoded in n bits in MSB-first order) |
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108 |
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109 v (variable length value, unsigned) |
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110 value=0 |
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111 do{ |
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112 more_data u(1) |
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113 data u(7) |
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114 value= 128*value + data |
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115 }while(more_data) |
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116 |
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117 s (variable length value, signed) |
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118 temp v |
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119 temp++ |
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120 if(temp&1) value= -(temp>>1) |
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121 else value= (temp>>1) |
9323 | 122 |
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123 b (binary data or string, to be use in vb, see below) |
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124 for(i=0; i<length; i++){ |
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125 data[i] u(8) |
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126 } |
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127 [Note: strings MUST be encoded in UTF-8] |
17835 | 128 [Note: the character NUL (U+0000) is not legal within |
129 or at the end of a string.] | |
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131 vb (variable length binary data or string) |
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132 length v |
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133 value b |
12117 | 134 |
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135 t (v coded universal timestamp) |
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136 tmp v |
17872 | 137 id= tmp % time_base_count |
138 value= (tmp / time_base_count) * time_base[id] | |
9295 | 139 |
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140 |
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141 Bitstream syntax: |
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142 ================= |
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143 |
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144 file: |
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145 file_id_string |
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146 while(!eof){ |
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147 if(next_byte == 'N'){ |
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148 packet_header |
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149 switch(startcode){ |
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150 case main_startcode: main_header; break; |
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151 case stream_startcode:stream_header; break; |
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152 case info_startcode: info_packet; break; |
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153 case index_startcode: index; break; |
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154 case syncpoint_startcode: syncpoint; break; |
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155 } |
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156 packet_footer |
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157 }else |
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158 frame |
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159 } |
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160 |
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161 the structure of a undamaged file should look like the following, but |
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162 demuxers should be flexible and be able to deal with damaged headers so the |
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163 above is a better loop in practice (not to mention its simpler) |
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164 note, demuxers MUST be able to deal with new and unknown headers |
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165 |
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166 file: |
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167 file_id_string |
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168 while(!eof){ |
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169 packet_header, main_header, packet_footer |
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170 reserved_headers |
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171 for(i=0; i<stream_count; i++){ |
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172 packet_header, stream_header, packet_footer |
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173 reserved_headers |
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174 } |
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175 while(next_code == info_startcode){ |
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176 packet_header, info_packet, packet_footer |
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177 reserved_headers |
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178 } |
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179 if(next_code == index_startcode){ |
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180 packet_header, index_packet, packet_footer |
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181 } |
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182 if (!eof) while(next_code != main_startcode){ |
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183 if(next_code == syncpoint_startcode){ |
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184 packet_header, syncpoint, packet_footer |
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185 } |
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186 frame |
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187 reserved_headers |
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188 } |
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189 } |
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190 |
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191 |
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192 Common elements: |
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193 ---------------- |
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194 |
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195 reserved_bytes: |
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196 for(i=0; i<forward_ptr - length_of_non_reserved; i++) |
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197 reserved u(8) |
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198 [a demuxer MUST ignore any reserved bytes |
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199 a muxer MUST NOT write any reserved bytes, as this would make it |
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200 impossible to add new fields at the end of packets in the future |
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201 in a compatible way] |
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202 |
17845 | 203 packet_header |
204 startcode f(64) | |
205 forward_ptr v | |
206 if(forward_ptr > 4096) | |
207 header_checksum u(32) | |
208 | |
209 packet_footer | |
210 reserved_bytes | |
211 checksum u(32) | |
17873 | 212 [Note: in index packet, reserved_bytes comes before index_ptr] |
17845 | 213 |
214 reserved_headers | |
215 while(next_byte == 'N' && next_code != main_startcode | |
216 && next_code != stream_startcode | |
217 && next_code != info_startcode | |
218 && next_code != index_startcode | |
219 && next_code != syncpoint_startcode){ | |
220 packet_header | |
221 packet_footer | |
222 } | |
223 | |
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224 Headers: |
10824 | 225 |
20619 | 226 main_header: |
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227 version v |
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228 stream_count v |
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229 max_distance v |
17872 | 230 time_base_count v |
231 for(i=0; i<time_base_count; i++) | |
232 time_base_nom v | |
233 time_base_denom v | |
234 time_base[i]= time_base_nom/time_base_denom | |
17437 | 235 tmp_pts=0 |
236 tmp_mul=1 | |
237 tmp_stream=0 | |
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238 for(i=0; i<256; ){ |
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239 tmp_flag v |
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240 tmp_fields v |
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241 if(tmp_fields>0) tmp_pts s |
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242 if(tmp_fields>1) tmp_mul v |
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243 if(tmp_fields>2) tmp_stream v |
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244 if(tmp_fields>3) tmp_size v |
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245 else tmp_size=0 |
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246 if(tmp_fields>4) tmp_res v |
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247 else tmp_res=0 |
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248 if(tmp_fields>5) count v |
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249 else count= tmp_mul - tmp_size |
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250 for(j=6; j<tmp_fields; j++){ |
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251 tmp_reserved[i] v |
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252 } |
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253 for(j=0; j<count && i<256; j++, i++){ |
17612 | 254 if (i == 'N') { |
17718 | 255 flags[i]= FLAG_INVALID; |
17612 | 256 j--; |
257 continue; | |
258 } | |
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259 flags[i]= tmp_flag; |
17887 | 260 stream_id[i]= tmp_stream; |
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261 data_size_mul[i]= tmp_mul; |
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262 data_size_lsb[i]= tmp_size + j; |
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263 pts_delta[i]= tmp_pts; |
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264 reserved_count[i]= tmp_res; |
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265 } |
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266 } |
9294 | 267 |
268 stream_header: | |
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269 stream_id v |
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270 stream_class v |
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271 fourcc vb |
17872 | 272 time_base_id v |
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273 msb_pts_shift v |
17577 | 274 max_pts_distance v |
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275 decode_delay v |
17939 | 276 stream_flags v |
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277 codec_specific_data vb |
17640 | 278 if(stream_class == video){ |
279 width v | |
280 height v | |
281 sample_width v | |
282 sample_height v | |
283 colorspace_type v | |
284 }else if(stream_class == audio){ | |
285 samplerate_nom v | |
286 samplerate_denom v | |
287 channel_count v | |
288 } | |
16429 | 289 |
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290 Basic Packets: |
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291 |
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292 frame: |
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293 frame_code f(8) |
17718 | 294 frame_flags= flags[frame_code] |
295 if(frame_flags&FLAG_CODED){ | |
296 coded_flags v | |
297 frame_flags ^= coded_flags | |
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298 } |
17887 | 299 if(frame_flags&FLAG_STREAM_ID){ |
300 stream_id v | |
301 } | |
302 if(frame_flags&FLAG_CODED_PTS){ | |
303 coded_pts v | |
304 } | |
17718 | 305 if(frame_flags&FLAG_SIZE_MSB){ |
306 data_size_msb v | |
17437 | 307 } |
17887 | 308 if(frame_flags&FLAG_RESERVED) |
309 reserved_count[frame_code] v | |
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310 for(i=0; i<reserved_count[frame_code]; i++) |
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311 reserved v |
17723 | 312 if(frame_flags&FLAG_CHECKSUM){ |
17711 | 313 checksum u(32) |
17584 | 314 } |
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315 data |
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316 |
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317 index: |
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318 max_pts t |
17438 | 319 syncpoints v |
17720 | 320 for(i=0; i<syncpoints; i++){ |
17800 | 321 syncpoint_pos_div16 v |
17438 | 322 } |
323 for(i=0; i<stream_count; i++){ | |
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324 last_pts= -1 |
17720 | 325 for(j=0; j<syncpoints; ){ |
17438 | 326 x v |
327 type= x & 1 | |
328 x>>=1 | |
17455 | 329 n=j |
17438 | 330 if(type){ |
331 flag= x & 1 | |
332 x>>=1 | |
333 while(x--) | |
17455 | 334 has_keyframe[n++][i]=flag |
335 has_keyframe[n++][i]=!flag; | |
17438 | 336 }else{ |
337 while(x != 1){ | |
17455 | 338 has_keyframe[n++][i]=x&1; |
17438 | 339 x>>=1; |
340 } | |
341 } | |
17455 | 342 for(; j<n && j<syncpoints; j++){ |
343 if (!has_keyframe[j][i]) continue | |
344 A v | |
17531 | 345 if(!A){ |
346 A v | |
347 B v | |
348 eor_pts[j][i] = last_pts + A + B | |
349 }else | |
350 B=0 | |
351 keyframe_pts[j][i] = last_pts + A | |
352 last_pts += A + B | |
17455 | 353 } |
17438 | 354 } |
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355 } |
17873 | 356 reserved_bytes |
17726 | 357 index_ptr u(64) |
9294 | 358 |
17711 | 359 info_packet: |
17669 | 360 stream_id_plus1 v |
20658 | 361 chapter_id s (Note due to a typo this was v |
362 until 2006-11-04) | |
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363 chapter_start t |
17708 | 364 chapter_len v |
17669 | 365 count v |
366 for(i=0; i<count; i++){ | |
367 name vb | |
368 value s | |
369 if (value==-1){ | |
370 type= "UTF-8" | |
371 value vb | |
372 }else if (value==-2){ | |
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373 type vb |
17669 | 374 value vb |
375 }else if (value==-3){ | |
17685 | 376 type= "s" |
17326 | 377 value s |
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378 }else if (value==-4){ |
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379 type= "t" |
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380 value t |
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381 }else if (value<-4){ |
17685 | 382 type= "r" |
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383 value.den= -value-4 |
17669 | 384 value.num s |
385 }else{ | |
17685 | 386 type= "v" |
17669 | 387 } |
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388 } |
16506 | 389 |
17326 | 390 syncpoint: |
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391 global_key_pts t |
17800 | 392 back_ptr_div16 v |
12413 | 393 |
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394 Complete definition: |
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395 |
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396 |
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397 Tag description: |
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398 ---------------- |
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399 |
12242 | 400 file_id_string |
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401 "nut/multimedia container\0" |
9323 | 402 |
403 *_startcode | |
20468 | 404 all startcodes start with 'N' |
12162 | 405 |
406 main_startcode | |
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407 0x7A561F5F04ADULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'M')<<48) |
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408 |
12162 | 409 stream_starcode |
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410 0x11405BF2F9DBULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'S')<<48) |
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411 |
17326 | 412 syncpoint_startcode |
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413 0xE4ADEECA4569ULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'K')<<48) |
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414 |
12162 | 415 index_startcode |
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416 0xDD672F23E64EULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'X')<<48) |
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417 |
12162 | 418 info_startcode |
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419 0xAB68B596BA78ULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'I')<<48) |
9294 | 420 |
421 version | |
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422 NUT version. The current value is 3. All lower values are pre-freeze |
12238 | 423 |
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424 forward_ptr |
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425 size of the packet data (exactly the distance from the first byte |
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426 after the packet_header to the first byte of the next packet) |
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427 |
12333 | 428 max_distance |
17944 | 429 max distance between startcodes. If p1 and p2 are the byte |
430 positions of the first byte of two consecutive startcodes, then | |
431 p2-p1 MUST be less than or equal to max_distance unless the entire | |
432 span from p1 to p2 comprises a single packet or a syncpoint | |
433 followed by a single frame. This imposition places efficient upper | |
434 bounds on seek operations and allows for the detection of damaged | |
435 frame headers, should a chain of frame headers pass max_distance | |
436 without encountering any startcode. | |
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437 |
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438 syncpoints SHOULD be placed immediately before a keyframe if the |
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439 previous frame of the same stream was a non-keyframe, unless such |
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440 non-keyframe - keyframe transitions are very frequent |
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441 |
17722 | 442 SHOULD be set to <=32768 |
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443 if the stored value is >65536 then max_distance MUST be set to 65536 |
12501 | 444 |
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445 This is also half the max frame size without a checksum after the |
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446 frameheader. |
17799 | 447 |
448 | |
17577 | 449 max_pts_distance |
450 max absoloute difference of pts of new frame from last_pts in the | |
17944 | 451 timebase of the stream, without a checksum after the frameheader. |
452 A frame header MUST include a checksum if abs(pts-last_pts) is | |
453 strictly greater than max_pts_distance. | |
17711 | 454 Note that last_pts is not necessarily the pts of the last frame |
17577 | 455 on the same stream, as it is altered by syncpoint timestamps. |
17801 | 456 SHOULD NOT be higher than 1/timebase |
17577 | 457 |
16429 | 458 stream_id |
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459 Stream identifier |
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460 stream_id MUST be < stream_count |
9294 | 461 |
462 stream_class | |
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463 0 video |
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464 1 audio |
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465 2 subtiles |
17793 | 466 3 userdata |
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467 Note: the remaining values are reserved and MUST NOT be used |
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468 a demuxer MUST ignore streams with reserved classes |
9294 | 469 |
470 fourcc | |
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471 identification for the codec |
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472 example: "H264" |
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473 MUST contain 2 or 4 bytes, note, this might be increased in the future |
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474 if needed |
18899 | 475 the id values used are the same as in avi, so if a codec uses a specific |
476 fourcc in avi then the same fourcc MUST be used here | |
9294 | 477 |
9297 | 478 time_base_nom / time_base_denom = time_base |
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479 the length of a timer tick in seconds, this MUST be equal to the 1/fps |
17939 | 480 if FLAG_FIXED_FPS is set |
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481 time_base_nom and time_base_denom MUST NOT be 0 |
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482 time_base_nom and time_base_denom MUST be relatively prime |
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483 time_base_denom MUST be < 2^31 |
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484 examples: |
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485 fps time_base_nom time_base_denom |
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486 30 1 30 |
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487 29.97 1001 30000 |
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488 23.976 1001 24000 |
17883 | 489 There MUST NOT be 2 identical timebases in a file. |
490 There SHOULD NOT be more timebases than streams. | |
9294 | 491 |
17872 | 492 time_base_id |
493 id to time_base table | |
494 | |
17328 | 495 convert_ts |
496 To switch from 2 different timebases, the following calculation is | |
497 defined: | |
12413 | 498 |
17328 | 499 ln = from_time_base_nom*to_time_base_denom |
500 sn = from_timestamp | |
501 d1 = from_time_base_denom | |
502 d2 = to_time_base_nom | |
503 timestamp = (ln/d1*sn + ln%d1*sn/d1)/d2 | |
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504 Note: this calculation MUST be done with unsigned 64 bit integers, and |
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505 is equivalent to (ln*sn)/(d1*d2) but this would require a 96bit integer |
12413 | 506 |
17532 | 507 compare_ts |
508 Compares timestamps from 2 different timebases, | |
509 if a is before b then compare_ts(a, b) = -1 | |
510 if a is after b then compare_ts(a, b) = 1 | |
511 else compare_ts(a, b) = 0 | |
512 | |
513 Care must be taken that this is done exactly with no rounding errors, | |
514 simply casting to float or double and doing the obvious | |
515 a*timebase > b*timebase is not compliant or correct, neither is the | |
516 same with integers, and | |
517 a*a_timebase.num*b_timebase.den > b*b_timebase.num*a_timebase.den | |
518 will overflow. One possible implementation which shouldn't overflow | |
519 within the range of legal timestamps and timebases is: | |
520 | |
521 if (convert_ts(a, a_timebase, b_timebase) < b) return -1; | |
522 if (convert_ts(b, b_timebase, a_timebase) < a) return 1; | |
523 return 0; | |
524 | |
16429 | 525 msb_pts_shift |
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526 amount of bits in lsb_pts |
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527 MUST be <16 |
9294 | 528 |
12333 | 529 decode_delay |
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530 maximum time between input and output for a codec, used to generate |
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531 dts from pts |
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532 is set to 0 for streams without B-frames, and set to 1 for streams with |
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533 B-frames, may be larger for future codecs |
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534 decode_delay MUST NOT be set higher than necessary for a codec. |
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535 |
17939 | 536 stream_flags |
537 Bit Name Description | |
538 1 FLAG_FIXED_FPS indicates that the fps is fixed | |
9294 | 539 |
9356 | 540 codec_specific_data |
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541 private global data for a codec (could be huffman tables or ...) |
19105 | 542 if a codec has a global header it SHOULD be placed in here instead of |
543 at the start of every keyframe | |
544 the exact format is specified in the codec spec | |
19121 | 545 for H.264 the NAL units MUST be formated as in a bytestream |
546 (with 00 00 01 prefixes) | |
12082 | 547 |
548 frame_code | |
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549 the meaning of this byte is stored in the main header |
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550 the value 78 ('N') is forbidden to ensure that the byte is always |
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551 different from the first byte of any startcode |
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552 a muxer SHOULD mark 0x00 and 0xFF as invalid to improve error |
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553 detection |
9420 | 554 |
17718 | 555 flags[frame_code], frame_flags |
17940 | 556 Bit Name Description |
17809 | 557 1 FLAG_KEY if set, frame is keyframe |
558 2 FLAG_EOR if set, stream has no relevance on | |
17824 | 559 presentation. (EOR) |
17887 | 560 8 FLAG_CODED_PTS if set, coded_pts is in the frame header |
561 16 FLAG_STREAM_ID if set, stream_id is coded in the frame header | |
17809 | 562 32 FLAG_SIZE_MSB if set, data_size_msb is at frame header, |
563 otherwise data_size_msb is 0 | |
564 64 FLAG_CHECKSUM if set then the frame header contains a checksum | |
17887 | 565 128 FLAG_RESERVED if set, reserved_count is coded in the frame header |
17809 | 566 4096 FLAG_CODED if set, coded_flags are stored in the frame header. |
567 8192 FLAG_INVALID if set, frame_code is invalid. | |
17437 | 568 |
569 EOR frames MUST be zero-length and must be set keyframe. | |
570 All streams SHOULD end with EOR, where the pts of the EOR indicates the | |
571 end presentation time of the final frame. | |
572 An EOR set stream is unset by the first content frames. | |
17551 | 573 EOR can only be unset in streams with zero decode_delay . |
17944 | 574 FLAG_CHECKSUM MUST be set if the frame's data_size is strictly greater than |
575 2*max_distance or the difference abs(pts-last_pts) is strictly greater than | |
576 max_pts_distance (where pts represents this frame's pts and last_pts is | |
577 defined as below). | |
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578 |
20460 | 579 last_pts |
580 the timestamp of the last frame with the same stream_id as the current | |
581 if there is no such frame between the last syncpoint and the current | |
582 frame then the syncpoint timestamp is used, see global_key_pts | |
583 | |
17887 | 584 stream_id[frame_code] |
17826 | 585 MUST be <250 |
9579
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586 |
12082 | 587 data_size_mul[frame_code] |
17826 | 588 MUST be <16384 |
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589 |
12082 | 590 data_size_lsb[frame_code] |
17826 | 591 MUST be <16384 |
12082 | 592 |
16429 | 593 pts_delta[frame_code] |
17826 | 594 MUST be <16384 and >-16384 |
20460 | 595 if FLAG_CODED_PTS is set in the flags of the current frame then this |
596 value MUST be ignored, if FLAG_CODED_PTS is not set then pts_delta is the | |
597 difference between the current pts and last_pts | |
12413 | 598 |
17640 | 599 reserved_count[frame_code] |
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600 MUST be <256 |
17640 | 601 |
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602 data_size |
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603 data_size= data_size_lsb + data_size_msb*data_size_mul; |
12082 | 604 |
16429 | 605 coded_pts |
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606 if coded_pts < (1<<msb_pts_shift) then it is an lsb |
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607 pts, otherwise it is a full pts + (1<<msb_pts_shift) |
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608 lsb pts is converted to a full pts by: |
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609 mask = (1<<msb_pts_shift)-1; |
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610 delta = last_pts - mask/2 |
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611 pts = ((pts_lsb-delta)&mask) + delta |
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612 |
16429 | 613 lsb_pts |
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614 least significant bits of the pts in time_base precision |
9294 | 615 Example: IBBP display order |
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616 keyframe pts=0 -> pts=0 |
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617 frame lsb_pts=3 -> pts=3 |
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618 frame lsb_pts=1 -> pts=1 |
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619 frame lsb_pts=2 -> pts=2 |
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620 ... |
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621 keyframe msb_pts=257 -> pts=257 |
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622 frame lsb_pts=255 -> pts=255 |
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623 frame lsb_pts=0 -> pts=256 |
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624 frame lsb_pts=4 -> pts=260 |
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625 frame lsb_pts=2 -> pts=258 |
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626 frame lsb_pts=3 -> pts=259 |
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627 all pts's of keyframes of a single stream MUST be monotone |
9294 | 628 |
12333 | 629 dts |
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630 dts is calculated by using a decode_delay+1 sized buffer for each |
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631 stream, into which the current pts is inserted and the element with |
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632 the smallest value is removed, this is then the current dts |
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633 this buffer is initalized with decode_delay -1 elements |
17327 | 634 |
635 Pts of all frames in all streams MUST be bigger or equal to dts of all | |
17437 | 636 previous frames in all streams, compared in common timebase. (EOR |
637 frames are NOT exempt from this rule) | |
12333 | 638 |
9294 | 639 width/height |
17730 | 640 MUST be set to the coded width/height, MUST NOT be 0 |
9294 | 641 |
642 sample_width/sample_height (aspect ratio) | |
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643 sample_width is the horizontal distance between samples |
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|
644 sample_width and sample_height MUST be relatively prime if not zero |
17795
a4e7458d61ed
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diff
changeset
|
645 both MUST be 0 if unknown otherwise both MUST be non zero |
16686
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646 |
10158
93e5428d0b3e
some changes (michael: is the colorspace_type field needed?)
alex
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|
647 colorspace_type |
16686
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|
648 0 unknown |
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649 1 ITU Rec 624 / ITU Rec 601 Y range: 16..235 Cb/Cr range: 16..240 |
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650 2 ITU Rec 709 Y range: 16..235 Cb/Cr range: 16..240 |
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651 17 ITU Rec 624 / ITU Rec 601 Y range: 0..255 Cb/Cr range: 0..255 |
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652 18 ITU Rec 709 Y range: 0..255 Cb/Cr range: 0..255 |
10166 | 653 |
12333 | 654 samplerate_nom / samplerate_denom = samplerate |
17730 | 655 the number of samples per second, MUST NOT be 0 |
9294 | 656 |
17683 | 657 crc32 checksum |
17710 | 658 Generator polynomial is 0x104C11DB7. Starting value is zero. |
17683 | 659 |
9294 | 660 checksum |
17577 | 661 crc32 checksum |
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|
662 checksum is calculated for the area pointed to by forward_ptr not |
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663 including the checksum itself (from first byte after the |
17808
278206dd6fbd
clarify, header_checksum is not included in forward_ptr and in packet checksum
ods15
parents:
17801
diff
changeset
|
664 packet_header until last byte before the checksum). |
17711 | 665 for frame headers the checksum contains the framecode byte and all |
666 following bytes upto the checksum itself | |
9294 | 667 |
17792 | 668 header_checksum |
669 checksum over the startcode and forward pointer | |
670 | |
17640 | 671 Syncpoint tags: |
672 --------------- | |
673 | |
17800 | 674 back_ptr_div16 |
675 back_ptr = back_ptr_div16 * 16 + 15 | |
676 back_ptr must point to a position within 16 bytes of a syncpoint | |
17439
f6e39517d5b6
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
677 startcode. This syncpoint MUST be the closest syncpoint such that at |
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cosmetic change, shift stuff around to more logical places
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diff
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|
678 least one keyframe with a pts lower or equal to the original syncpoint's |
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diff
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|
679 global_key_pts for all streams lies between it and the current syncpoint. |
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cosmetic change, shift stuff around to more logical places
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parents:
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diff
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|
680 |
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diff
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|
681 A stream where EOR is set is to be ignored for back_ptr. |
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cosmetic change, shift stuff around to more logical places
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diff
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|
682 |
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diff
changeset
|
683 global_key_pts |
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diff
changeset
|
684 After a syncpoint, last_pts of each stream is to be set to: |
17872 | 685 last_pts[i] = convert_ts(global_key_pts, time_base[id], time_base[i]) |
17439
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ods15
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
686 |
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|
687 global_key_pts MUST be bigger or equal to dts of all past frames across |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
688 all streams, and smaller or equal to pts of all future frames. |
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ods15
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
689 |
17640 | 690 Index tags: |
691 ----------- | |
692 | |
16429 | 693 max_pts |
17796
6edc4492b777
universal timestamp (= stream_id + timestamp in stream timebase)
michael
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
694 The highest pts in the entire file |
9294 | 695 |
17800 | 696 syncpoint_pos_div16 |
697 offset from begginning of file to up to 15 bytes before the syncpoint | |
17438 | 698 referred to in this index entry. Relative to position of last |
699 syncpoint. | |
700 | |
701 has_keyframe | |
702 indicates whether this stream has a keyframe between this syncpoint and | |
703 the last syncpoint. | |
704 | |
705 keyframe_pts | |
706 The pts of the first keyframe for this stream in the region between the | |
17531 | 707 2 syncpoints, in the stream's timebase. (EOR frames are also keyframes) |
708 | |
709 eor_pts | |
710 Coded only if EOR is set at the position of the syncpoint. The pts of | |
711 that EOR. EOR is unset by the first keyframe after it. | |
9294 | 712 |
16429 | 713 index_ptr |
17726 | 714 Length in bytes of the entire index, from the first byte of the |
715 startcode until the last byte of the checksum. | |
716 Note: A demuxer can use this to find the index when it is written at | |
717 EOF, as index_ptr will always be 12 bytes before the end of file if | |
718 there is an index at all. | |
719 | |
16429 | 720 |
17640 | 721 Info tags: |
722 ---------- | |
723 | |
17669 | 724 stream_id_plus1 |
725 Stream this info packet applies to. If zero, packet applies to whole | |
726 file. | |
727 | |
728 chapter_id | |
729 Id of chapter this packet applies to. If zero, packet applies to whole | |
730 file. Positive chapter_id's are real chapters and MUST NOT overlap. | |
731 Negative chapter_id indicate a sub region of file and not a real | |
732 chapter. chapter_id MUST be unique to the region it represents. | |
17711 | 733 chapter_id n MUST not be used unless there are at least n chapters in the |
734 file | |
17669 | 735 |
736 chapter_start | |
17796
6edc4492b777
universal timestamp (= stream_id + timestamp in stream timebase)
michael
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diff
changeset
|
737 timestamp of start of chapter |
17669 | 738 |
739 chapter_len | |
740 Length of chapter in same timebase of chapter_start. | |
16686
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|
741 |
9323 | 742 type |
16686
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743 for example: "UTF8" -> string or "JPEG" -> JPEG image |
17685 | 744 "v" -> unsigned integer |
745 "s" -> signed integer | |
746 "r" -> rational | |
16686
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|
747 Note: nonstandard fields should be prefixed by "X-" |
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748 Note: MUST be less than 6 byte long (might be increased to 64 later) |
9323 | 749 |
13308
8ff17d153414
info packet is now file global, while meta pakcet is stream specific, as discussed with Rich
alex
parents:
13047
diff
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|
750 info packet types |
16686
93d4be7ef83e
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|
751 the name of the info entry, valid names are |
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|
752 "Author" |
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|
753 "Description" |
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|
754 "Copyright" |
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|
755 "Encoder" |
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|
756 the name & version of the software used for encoding |
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757 "Title" |
17669 | 758 "Cover" (allowed types are "PNG" and "JPEG") |
16686
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759 image of the (CD, DVD, VHS, ..) cover (preferably PNG or JPEG) |
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760 "Source" |
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761 "DVD", "VCD", "CD", "MD", "FM radio", "VHS", "TV", "LD" |
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762 Optional: appended PAL, NTSC, SECAM, ... in parentheses |
18899 | 763 "SourceContainer" |
764 "nut", "mkv", "mov", "avi", "ogg", "rm", "mpeg-ps", "mpeg-ts", "raw" | |
765 "SourceCodecTag" | |
766 the source codec id like a fourcc which was used to store a specific | |
767 stream in its SourceContainer | |
16686
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|
768 "CaptureDevice" |
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|
769 "BT878", "BT848", "webcam", ... (more exact names are fine too) |
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|
770 "CreationTime" |
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|
771 "2003-01-20 20:13:15Z", ... |
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|
772 (ISO 8601 format, see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html) |
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|
773 Note: do not forget the timezone |
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changeset
|
774 "Keywords" |
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|
775 "Language" |
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|
776 ISO 639 and ISO 3166 for language/country code |
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|
777 something like "eng" (US english), can be 0 if unknown |
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|
778 and "multi" if several languages |
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|
779 see http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/englangn.html |
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780 and http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/codlstp1/en_listp1.html |
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|
781 the language code |
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|
782 "Disposition" |
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|
783 "original", "dub" (translated), "comment", "lyrics", "karaoke" |
93d4be7ef83e
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|
784 Note: if someone needs some others, please tell us about them, so we |
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785 can add them to the official standard (if they are sane) |
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|
786 Note: nonstandard fields should be prefixed by "X-" |
17686 | 787 Note: names of fields SHOULD be in English if a word with the same |
17653 | 788 meaning exists in English |
16686
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|
789 Note: MUST be less than 64 bytes long |
9295 | 790 |
791 value | |
16686
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|
792 value of this name/type pair |
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|
793 |
9310 | 794 stuffing |
16686
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|
795 0x80 can be placed in front of any type v entry for stuffing purposes |
17797
b1d80d05eaa8
limit stuffing to prevent header_checksum from endup being useless due to a gb of 0x80 after a 'N'
michael
parents:
17796
diff
changeset
|
796 except the forward_ptr and all fields in the frame header where a |
b1d80d05eaa8
limit stuffing to prevent header_checksum from endup being useless due to a gb of 0x80 after a 'N'
michael
parents:
17796
diff
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|
797 maximum of 8 stuffing bytes per field are allowed |
9294 | 798 |
16842
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|
799 |
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|
800 Structure: |
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|
801 ---------- |
9294 | 802 |
803 the headers MUST be in exactly the following order (to simplify demuxer design) | |
804 main header | |
805 stream_header (id=0) | |
806 stream_header (id=1) | |
807 ... | |
808 stream_header (id=n) | |
809 | |
16686
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|
810 headers may be repeated, but if they are, then they MUST all be repeated |
15008
0a43341c8bfd
less amateurish-looking mpcf.txt patch by (Jeff >snacky ikaruga co uk<)
michael
parents:
14919
diff
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|
811 together and repeated headers MUST be identical |
17547 | 812 |
813 Each set of repeated headers not at the beginning or end of the file SHOULD | |
814 be stored at the earliest possible position after 2^x where x is | |
15008
0a43341c8bfd
less amateurish-looking mpcf.txt patch by (Jeff >snacky ikaruga co uk<)
michael
parents:
14919
diff
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|
815 an integer and the file end, so the headers may be repeated at 4102 if that is |
0a43341c8bfd
less amateurish-looking mpcf.txt patch by (Jeff >snacky ikaruga co uk<)
michael
parents:
14919
diff
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|
816 the closest position after 2^12=4096 at which the headers can be placed |
9294 | 817 |
17547 | 818 Note: this allows an implementation reading the file to locate backup |
819 headers in O(log filesize) time as opposed to O(filesize) | |
820 | |
15008
0a43341c8bfd
less amateurish-looking mpcf.txt patch by (Jeff >snacky ikaruga co uk<)
michael
parents:
14919
diff
changeset
|
821 headers MUST be placed at least at the start of the file and immediately before |
12501 | 822 the index or at the file end if there is no index |
16428 | 823 headers MUST be repeated at least twice (so they exist three times in a file) |
9295 | 824 |
16685 | 825 there MUST be a sync point immediately before the first frame after any headers |
12503 | 826 |
16842
d977560c702b
Reformat section titles so that it becomes easier to tell sections and
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|
827 |
d977560c702b
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changeset
|
828 Index: |
d977560c702b
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diego
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changeset
|
829 ------ |
d977560c702b
Reformat section titles so that it becomes easier to tell sections and
diego
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|
830 |
15008
0a43341c8bfd
less amateurish-looking mpcf.txt patch by (Jeff >snacky ikaruga co uk<)
michael
parents:
14919
diff
changeset
|
831 Note: with realtime streaming, there is no end, so no index there either |
17533 | 832 Index MAY only be repeated after main headers. |
17726 | 833 If an index is written anywhere in the file, it MUST be written at end of |
834 file as well. | |
9310 | 835 |
16842
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|
836 |
17669 | 837 Info: |
838 ----- | |
839 | |
17771 | 840 If a info packet is stored anywhere then a muxer MUST also store an identical |
841 info packet after every main-stream-header set | |
9310 | 842 |
17771 | 843 If a demuxer has seen several info packets with the same chapter_id and |
844 stream_id then it MUST ignore all but the one with the highest position in | |
845 the file | |
17669 | 846 |
20650 | 847 demxuxers SHOULD NOT search the whole file for info packets |
16842
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diego
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|
848 |
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|
849 demuxer (non-normative): |
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|
850 ------------------------ |
12501 | 851 |
16428 | 852 in the absence of a valid header at the beginning, players SHOULD search for |
853 backup headers starting at offset 2^x; for each x players SHOULD end their | |
854 search at a particular offset when any startcode is found (including syncpoint) | |
12501 | 855 |
16842
d977560c702b
Reformat section titles so that it becomes easier to tell sections and
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|
856 |
d977560c702b
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|
857 |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
858 Semantic requirements: |
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changeset
|
859 ====================== |
16429 | 860 |
17018
baf593fcf738
Change MUST to SHOULD have disposition and if applicable language tags.
al
parents:
16843
diff
changeset
|
861 If more than one stream of a given stream class is present, each one SHOULD |
16429 | 862 have info tags specifying disposition, and if applicable, language. |
17018
baf593fcf738
Change MUST to SHOULD have disposition and if applicable language tags.
al
parents:
16843
diff
changeset
|
863 It often highly improves usability and is therefore strongly encouraged. |
16429 | 864 |
865 A demuxer MUST NOT demux a stream which contains more than one stream, or which | |
866 is wrapped in a structure to facilitate more than one stream or otherwise | |
867 duplicate the role of a container. any such file is to be considered invalid. | |
17798
2d02868030f0
double muxing examples (cant hurt to explictly mention the most common)
michael
parents:
17797
diff
changeset
|
868 for example vorbis in ogg in nut is invalid, as is |
2d02868030f0
double muxing examples (cant hurt to explictly mention the most common)
michael
parents:
17797
diff
changeset
|
869 mpegvideo+mpegaudio in mpeg-ps/ts in nut or dvvideo + dvaudio in dv in nut |
16429 | 870 |
12501 | 871 |
16842
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|
872 |
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873 Sample code (Public Domain, & untested): |
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874 ======================================== |
9294 | 875 |
876 typedef BufferContext{ | |
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877 uint8_t *buf; |
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878 uint8_t *buf_ptr; |
9294 | 879 }BufferContext; |
880 | |
881 static inline uint64_t get_bytes(BufferContext *bc, int count){ | |
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882 uint64_t val=0; |
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883 |
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884 assert(count>0 && count<9); |
9294 | 885 |
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886 for(i=0; i<count; i++){ |
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887 val <<=8; |
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888 val += *(bc->buf_ptr++); |
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889 } |
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890 |
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891 return val; |
9294 | 892 } |
893 | |
894 static inline void put_bytes(BufferContext *bc, int count, uint64_t val){ | |
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895 uint64_t val=0; |
9294 | 896 |
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897 assert(count>0 && count<9); |
9294 | 898 |
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899 for(i=count-1; i>=0; i--){ |
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900 *(bc->buf_ptr++)= val >> (8*i); |
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901 } |
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902 |
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903 return val; |
9294 | 904 } |
905 | |
10061 | 906 static inline uint64_t get_v(BufferContext *bc){ |
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907 uint64_t val= 0; |
9294 | 908 |
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909 for(; space_left(bc) > 0; ){ |
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910 int tmp= *(bc->buf_ptr++); |
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911 if(tmp&0x80) |
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912 val= (val<<7) + tmp - 0x80; |
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913 else |
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914 return (val<<7) + tmp; |
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915 } |
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916 |
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917 return -1; |
9294 | 918 } |
919 | |
10061 | 920 static inline int put_v(BufferContext *bc, uint64_t val){ |
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921 int i; |
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922 |
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923 if(space_left(bc) < 9) return -1; |
9294 | 924 |
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925 val &= 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL; // FIXME can only encode upto 63 bits currently |
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926 for(i=7; ; i+=7){ |
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927 if(val>>i == 0) break; |
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928 } |
9294 | 929 |
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930 for(i-=7; i>0; i-=7){ |
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931 *(bc->buf_ptr++)= 0x80 | (val>>i); |
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932 } |
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933 *(bc->buf_ptr++)= val&0x7F; |
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934 |
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935 return 0; |
9579
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*signed int vlc (needs only 5 lines of code so its no increase of complexity)
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936 } |
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937 |
12333 | 938 static int64_t get_dts(int64_t pts, int64_t *pts_cache, int delay, int reset){ |
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939 if(reset) memset(pts_cache, -1, delay*sizeof(int64_t)); |
12333 | 940 |
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941 while(delay--){ |
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942 int64_t t= pts_cache[delay]; |
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943 if(t < pts){ |
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944 pts_cache[delay]= pts; |
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945 pts= t; |
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946 } |
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947 } |
12333 | 948 |
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949 return pts; |
12333 | 950 } |
951 | |
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952 |
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953 |
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954 Authors: |
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955 ======== |
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some changes (michael: is the colorspace_type field needed?)
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956 |
16428 | 957 Folks from the MPlayer developers mailing list (http://www.mplayerhq.hu/). |
958 Authors in alphabetical order: (FIXME! Tell us if we left you out) | |
16843 | 959 Beregszaszi, Alex (alex@fsn.hu) |
960 Bunkus, Moritz (moritz@bunkus.org) | |
961 Diedrich, Tobias (ranma+mplayer@tdiedrich.de) | |
962 Felker, Rich (dalias@aerifal.cx) | |
963 Franz, Fabian (FabianFranz@gmx.de) | |
964 Gereoffy, Arpad (arpi@thot.banki.hu) | |
965 Hess, Andreas (jaska@gmx.net) | |
966 Niedermayer, Michael (michaelni@gmx.at) | |
967 Shimon, Oded (ods15@ods15.dyndns.org) |