annotate DOCS/xml/it/tvinput.xml @ 23922:ee2cf48d6659

Comment out purely debugging printf that in addition uses __FUNCTION__ which is not supported by all compilers.
author reimar
date Mon, 30 Jul 2007 16:18:12 +0000
parents d8982d45ce61
children 893e42d09f65
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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2 <!-- synced with r23536 -->
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3 <chapter id="tv">
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4 <title>TV</title>
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5
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6 <sect1 id="tv-input" xreflabel="TV input">
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7 <title>Ingresso TV</title>
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8
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9 <para>
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10 Questa sezione tratta di come abilitare la <emphasis role="bold">
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11 visione/acquisizione da sintonizzatori TV compatibili V4L</emphasis>. Vedi la
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12 pagina man per una descrizione delle opzioni e i controlli da tastiera per la TV.
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13 </para>
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14
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15 <!-- ********** -->
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16
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17 <sect2 id="tv-compilation">
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18 <title>Compilazione</title>
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19
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20 <procedure>
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21 <step><para>
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22 Per prima cosa, devi ricompilare. <filename>./configure</filename> rileverà
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23 gli header del kernel per la roba v4l e l'esistenza delle voci
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24 <filename>/dev/video*</filename>. Se ciò esiste, il supporto TV verrà
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25 compilato (guarda l'emissione di <filename>./configure</filename>).
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26 </para></step>
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27 <step><para>
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28 Assicurati che il tuo sintonizzatore funzioni con altri software TV per
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29 Linux, per esempio <application>XawTV</application>.
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30 </para></step>
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31 </procedure>
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32 </sect2>
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33
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34 <!-- ********** -->
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35
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36 <sect2 id="tv-tips">
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37 <title>Consigli per l'uso</title>
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38
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39 <para>
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40 La lista completa delle opzioni è disponibile nella pagina di manuale.
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41 Qui ci sono giusto alcuni consigli:
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42
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43 <itemizedlist>
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44 <listitem><para>
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45 Usa l'opzione <option>channels</option>. Un esempio:
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46 <screen>-tv channels=26-MTV1,23-TV2</screen>
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47 Spiegazione: con questa opzione, solo i canali 26 e 23 saranno
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48 utilizzabili. Ci sarà un simpatico testo OSD quando cambi canale, mostrante
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49 il nome del canale stesso. Gli spazi nel nome di canale devono essere
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50 sostituiti con il carattere "_".
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51 </para></listitem>
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52 <listitem><para>
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53 Scegli una sana dimensione dell'immagine. Le dimensioni dell'immagine
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54 risultante dovrebbero essere divisibili per 16.
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55 </para></listitem>
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56 <listitem>
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57 <para>
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58 Se catturi il video con una risoluzione verticale maggiore di metà della
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59 risoluzione completa (per es. 288 per PAL o 240 per NTSC), allora i
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60 'fotogrammi' che otterrai saranno reali coppie interlacciate di campi.
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61 A seconda di quello che vuoi fare con il video puoi lasciarle in questa forma,
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62 deinterlacciarle distruttivamente, oppure spezzare le coppie in campi singoli.
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63 </para>
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64 <para>
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65 In caso contrario otterrai un filmato che risulta distorto durante le scene
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66 ad alto movimento e il controllore della frequenza probabilmente sarà
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67 incapace di mantenere la frequenza specificata, visto che gli artefatti
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68 dell'interlacciamento producono un alto numero di dettagli e quindi occupano
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69 molta banda. Puoi abilitare il deinterlacciamento con
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70 <option>-vf pp=DEINT_TYPE</option>. Solitamente <option>pp=lb</option> fa un
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71 buon lavoro, ma può essere oggetto di preferenze personali.
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72 Vedi anche gli altri algoritmi di deinterlacciamento nel manuale e provali.
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73 </para>
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74 </listitem>
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75 <listitem><para>
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76 Taglia via le zone morte. Quando catturi video, le zone sui bordi spesso
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77 sono nere o contengono del disturbo. Questo consuma un sacco di banda non
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78 necessaria. Per essere precisi non sono le zone nere in sé, ma quel salto tra
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79 il nero e la parte chiara dell'immagine video che la sprecano, ma ciò non è
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80 importante per adesso. Prima di iniziare l'acquisizione, imposta gli
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81 argomenti dell'opzione <option>crop</option> affinché tutta la porcheria ai
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82 margini venga tagliata via. E ancora, non dimenticarti di mantenere 'sane'
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83 le dimensioni dell'immagine risultante.
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84 </para></listitem>
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85 <listitem><para>
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86 Controlla il carico della CPU. Non dovrebbe oltrepassare il 90% nella
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87 maggior parte del tempo. Se hai un grosso buffer di cattura,
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88 <application>MEncoder</application> può gestire un sovraccarico per pochi
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89 secondi, ma non di più. E' meglio disattivare screensaver 3D OpenGL e cose
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90 del genere.
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91 </para></listitem>
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92 <listitem><para>
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93 Non pacioccare con il clock di sistema. <application>MEncoder</application>
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94 usa il clock di sistema per gestire la sincronizzazione A/V. Se tu modifichi
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95 il clock di sistema (specialmente all'indietro nel tempo),
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96 <application>MEncoder</application> resta confuso e perderai dei
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97 fotogrammi. Questo è un fattore importante se sei collegato alla rete e usi
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98 un qualche software di sincronizzazione dell'ora come NTP. Dovresti
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99 disabilitare NTP durante il processo di acquisizione se vuoi che la cattura
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100 sia affidabile.
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101 </para></listitem>
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102 <listitem><para>
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103 Non modificare <option>outfmt</option> (il formato di uscita) a meno che tu
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104 non sappia cosa stia facendo oppure la tua scheda/il tuo driver non supportino
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105 davvero quello di default (spazio colore YV12). Nelle precedenti versioni di
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106 <application>MPlayer</application>/<application>MEncoder</application>
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107 era necessario indicare il formato di uscita. Questo problema dovrebbe
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108 esser stato risolto nelle versioni correnti e outfmt non è più richiesto,
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109 e quello di default va bene la maggior parte delle volte. Per esempio, se stai
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110 catturando in DivX con <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> e
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111 specifichi <option>outfmt=RGB24</option> per aumentare la qualità delle
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112 immagini acquisite, l'immagine stessa verraà comunque convertita di nuovo
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113 in YV12, perciò l'unica cosa che otterrai sarà spreco di CPU.
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114 </para></listitem>
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115 <listitem><para>
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116 Per specificare lo spazio colore I420 (<option>outfmt=i420</option>), devi
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117 aggiungere un'opzione <option>-vc rawi420</option> a causa di un conflitto
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118 del fourcc con un codec video Intel Indeo.
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119 </para></listitem>
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120 <listitem><para>
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121 Ci sono vari modi per la cattura dell'audio. Puoi acquisire il suono sia
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122 usando la tua scheda audio attraverso una connessione via cavo esterna tra la
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123 scheda video e il line-in, sia usando l'ADC integrato nel chip bt878.
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124 Nell'ultimo caso, devi caricare il driver
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125 <emphasis role="bold">btaudio</emphasis>. Leggi il file
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126 <filename>linux/Documentation/sound/btaudio</filename> (nei sorgenti del
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127 kernel, non di <application>MPlayer</application>) per alcune istruzioni su
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128 come usare tale driver.
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129 </para></listitem>
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130 <listitem><para>
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131 Se <application>MEncoder</application> non può aprire il dispositivo audio,
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132 assicurati che sia veramente disponibile. Ci sono alcuni problemi con sound
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133 server come aRts (KDE) o ESD (GNOME). Se hai una scheda audio full duplex
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134 (quasi tutte le schede decenti lo supportano, ad oggi), e stai usando KDE,
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135 prova a controllare l'opzione "full duplex" nel menu preferenze del sound
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136 server.
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137 </para></listitem>
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138 </itemizedlist>
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139 </para>
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140 </sect2>
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141
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142 <!-- ********** -->
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143
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144 <sect2 id="tv-examples">
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145 <title>Esempi</title>
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146
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147 <informalexample><para>
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148 Uscita fasulla, verso AAlib :)
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149 <screen>mplayer -tv driver=dummy:width=640:height=480 -vo aa tv://</screen>
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150 </para></informalexample>
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151
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152 <informalexample><para>
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153 Ingresso da V4L standard:
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154 <screen>
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155 mplayer -tv driver=v4l:width=640:height=480:outfmt=i420 -vc rawi420 -vo xv tv://
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156 </screen>
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157 </para></informalexample>
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158
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159 <informalexample><para>
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160 Un esempio più complesso. Questo fa sì che <application>MEncoder</application>
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161 catturi l'immagine PAL completa, tagli i margini, e deinterlacci l'immagine
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162 usando un algoritmo di sfumatura lineare. L'audio viene compresso con una
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163 frequenza costante di 64kbps, usando il codec LAME. Questa impostazione è
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164 utilizzabile per acquisire film.
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165 <screen>
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166 mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=64\
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167 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=900 \
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168 -vf crop=720:544:24:16,pp=lb -o <replaceable>uscita.avi</replaceable> tv://
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169 </screen>
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170 </para></informalexample>
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171
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172 <informalexample><para>
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173 Questo in più ridimensionerà l'immagine a 384x288 e comprimerà il video
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174 con una frequenza di 350kbps in modalità ad alta qualità. L'opzione vqmax
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175 rilascia il quantizzatore e permette al compressore video di raggiungere
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176 davvero una così bassa frequenza anche a spese della qualità. Questo puà
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177 essere usato per acquisire lunghe serie TV, dove la qualità video non è
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178 così importante.
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179 <screen>
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180 mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 \
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181 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=350:vhq:vqmax=31:keyint=300 \
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182 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=48 -sws 1 -o <replaceable>uscita.avi</replaceable>\
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183 -vf crop=720:540:24:18,pp=lb,scale=384:288 tv://
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184 </screen>
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185 E' anche possibile specificare dimensioni immagine inferiori nell'opzione
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186 <option>-tv</option> e omettere il ridimensionamento software ma questo
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187 approccio usa la massima informazione disponibile ed è un po' più
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188 resiliente ai disturbi. I chip bt8x8 possono calcolare la media dei pixel solo
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189 sulla direzione orizzontale a causa di una limitazione hardware.
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190 </para></informalexample>
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191 </sect2>
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192 </sect1>
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193
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194 </chapter>