annotate DOCS/Italian/video.html @ 5539:eefc339440bc

2 new simple filters: yuy2 and format
author arpi
date Tue, 09 Apr 2002 14:01:53 +0000
parents c8a3e58a43d8
children 70264cc9ade0
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1 <HTML>
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2 <BODY BGCOLOR=white>
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3
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4 <FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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5
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6 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1>2.3.1. Dispositivi di output video</A></B></P>
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7
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8 <TABLE BORDER=0>
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9
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10 <TD COLSPAN=4><P><B><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>Generale:</B></P></TD><TR>
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11
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12 <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
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13 sans-serif" size=2><A HREF=#2.3.1.13>x11</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD><FONT
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14 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>X11 con l'opzionale estensione SHM
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15 </TD><TR>
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16 <TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
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17 size=2><A HREF=#2.3.1.2>xv</A></TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial,
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18 Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>X11 usando i livelli con l'estensione Xvideo
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19 (YUV hardware YUV e ridimensionamento)</TD><TR>
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20 <TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
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21 size=2><A HREF=#2.3.1.10>gl</A></TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial,
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22 Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>renderer OpenGL, per ora funziona solo con:
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23 <UL><LI>tutte le schede con Utah-GLX
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24 <LI>schede Matrox con X/DRI >=4.0.3
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25 <LI>Radeon con il CVS di X/DRI</UL></TD><TR>
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26 <TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
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27 size=2><A HREF=#2.3.1.10>gl2</A></TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial,
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28 Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>renderer OpenGL, versione a texture multiple</TD><TR>
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29 <TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
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30 size=2><A HREF=#2.3.1.3>dga</A></TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial,
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31 Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>estensione X11 DGA</TD><TR>
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32 <TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
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33 size=2><A HREF=#2.3.1.6>fbdev</A></TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial,
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34 Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>Output fremebuffer in generale</TD><TR>
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35 <TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
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36 size=2><A HREF=#2.3.1.5>svga</A></TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial,
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37 Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>Output SVGAlib</TD><TR>
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38 <TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
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39 size=2><A HREF=#2.3.1.4>sdl</A></TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial,
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40 Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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41 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>1.1.7:</CODE> supporta il ridimensionamento software<BR>
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42 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>1.1.8:</CODE> supporta Xvideo (ridimensionamento hardware e schermo pieno)<BR>
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43 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>1.2.0:</CODE> supporta AAlib (-vo aa è caldamente consigliato, vedi sotto!)</TD><TR>
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44 <TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
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45 size=2><A HREF=#2.3.1.14-TODO>ggi</A></TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana,
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46 Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>simile a SDL</TD><TR>
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47 <TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
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48 size=2><A HREF=#2.3.1.11>aa</A></TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial,
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49 Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>rendering in modalità testo con AAlib</TD><TR>
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50 <TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
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51 size=2><a href=#2.3.1.12>vesa</a></TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial,
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52 Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>Output a BIOS VESA.</TD><TR>
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53 <TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
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54 size=2><a href=#2.3.1.15>vidix</a></TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial,
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55 Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>VIDeo Interface for *niX (Interfaccia Video per *nix, ndt; questo non
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56 è un vero driver, ma un'espansione di VIDIX)</TD><TR>
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57 <TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
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58 size=2><a href=#2.3.1.15>xvidix</a></TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial,
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59 Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>VIDIX in una finesta X</TD><TR>
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60 <TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
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61 size=2>directfb</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial,
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62 Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>Direttamente al dispositivo framebuffer</TD><TR>
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63
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64 <TD COLSPAN=4><P><B><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
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65 size=2>Specifici per alcune schede:</B></P></TD><TR>
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66
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67 <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
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68 sans-serif" size=2><A HREF=#2.3.1.7>mga</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD><FONT
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69 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>Livello YUV hardware di Matrox G200/G400
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70 tramite il dispositivo mga_vid</TD><TR>
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71 <TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
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72 size=2><A HREF=#2.3.1.7>xmga</A></TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial,
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73 Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>Livello mga_vid di Matrox G200/G400 in una finesta X11<BR>
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74 (<I>emulazione Xv con X 3.3.x!</I>)</TD><TR>
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75 <TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
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76 size=2>syncfb</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
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77 sans-serif" size=2>supporto YUV Matrox G400 su framebuffer (obsoleto, usa
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78 mga/xmga)</TD><TR>
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79 <TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
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80 size=2>3dfx</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
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81 size=2>supporto YUV hardware per Voodoo3/Banshee (/dev/3dfx, non ancora testato, forse
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82 difettoso)</TD><TR>
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83 <TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
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84 size=2><A HREF=#2.3.1.9>tdfxfb</A></TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial,
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85 Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>supporto YUV hardware per Voodoo3/Banshee su framebuffer tdfx
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86 (funziona!)</TD><TR>
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87 <TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
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88 size=2><A HREF=#2.3.1.16>zr</A></TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial,
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89 Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>Visualizzazione su schede MJPEG basate su ZR360[56]7
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90 (DC10(+), LML33, Buz)</TD><TR>
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91
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92 <TD COLSPAN=4><P><B><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
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93 size=2>Speciali:</B></P></TD><TR>
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94
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95 <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
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96 sans-serif" size=2>png</TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial,
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97 Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>output in file PNG (usa l'opzione -z per regolare
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98 la compressione)</TD><TR>
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99 <TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
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100 size=2>pgm</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
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101 size=2>output in file PGM (per test o codifica ffmpeg)</TD><TR>
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102 <TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
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103 size=2>md5</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
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104 size=2>output MD5sum (per prove di conformità MPEG)</TD><TR>
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105 <TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
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106 size=2>null</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
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107 size=2>output nullo (per test di velocità)</TD><TR>
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108 </TABLE>
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109
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110 <P>NOTA: <I>guarda le prossime sezioni per dettagli e requisiti!</I></P>
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111
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112
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113 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.1>2.3.1.1. Configurare l' MTRR</A></B></P>
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114
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115 <P>E' DECISAMENTE consigliato controllare se i registri MTRR sono ben configurati,
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116 perchè possono fornire un grande aumento di prestazioni.</P>
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117
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118 <P>Fai un '<CODE>cat /proc/mtrr</CODE>' :</P>
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119
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120 <P><CODE>
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121 --($:~)-- cat /proc/mtrr<BR>
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122 reg00: base=0xe4000000 (3648MB), size= 16MB: write-combining, count=9<BR>
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123 reg01: base=0xd8000000 (3456MB), size= 128MB: write-combining, count=1<BR>
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124 </CODE></P>
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125
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126 <P>E' a posto, mostra la mia Matrox G400 con 16Mb di memoria. L'ho ottenuto con
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127 XFree 4.x.x , che configura i registri MTRR automaticamente.</P>
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128
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129 <P>Se non ha funzionato, devi farlo manualmente. Prima, bisogna trovare l'indirizzo
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130 di base.
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131 Hai 3 modi per scoprirlo:</P>
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132
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133 <P><UL>
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134 <LI>dai messaggi di avvio di X11, per esempio:
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135 <P><CODE>(--) SVGA: PCI: Matrox MGA G400 AGP rev 4, Memory @ 0xd8000000, 0xd4000000<BR>
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136 (--) SVGA: Linear framebuffer at 0xD8000000</CODE></P></LI>
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137 <LI>da /proc/pci (usa il comando lspci -v):
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138 <P>
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139 <CODE>01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Matrox Graphics, Inc.: Unknown device 0525</CODE>
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140 <CODE>Memory at d8000000 (32-bit, prefetchable)</CODE>
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141 </P>
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142 <LI>dai messaggi del driver del kernel mga_vid (usa dmesg):
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143 <P><CODE>mga_mem_base = d8000000</CODE></P>
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144 </UL></P>
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145
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146 <P>Poi troviamo la dimensione della memoria. E molto semplice, basta convertire la quantità di ram video
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147 in esadecimale, o usare questa tabella:</P>
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148
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149 <TABLE BORDER=0>
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150 <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD>1 MB</TD><TD WIDTH=10%></TD><TD>0x100000</TD><TR>
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151 <TD></TD><TD>2 MB</TD><TD></TD><TD>0x200000</TD><TR>
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152 <TD></TD><TD>4 MB</TD><TD></TD><TD>0x400000</TD><TR>
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153 <TD></TD><TD>8 MB</TD><TD></TD><TD>0x800000</TD><TR>
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154 <TD></TD><TD>16 MB</TD><TD></TD><TD>0x1000000</TD><TR>
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155 <TD></TD><TD>32 MB</TD><TD></TD><TD>0x2000000</TD><TR>
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156 </TABLE>
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157
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158
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159 <P>Conosci l'indirizzo di base e la dimensione della memoria, configuriamo i registri mtrr!
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160 Per esempio, per la scheda Matrox di cui sopra (base=0xd8000000) con 32MB di
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161 ram (size=0x2000000) basta eseguire:</P>
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162
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163
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164 <P><CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;echo "base=0xd8000000 size=0x2000000 type=write-combining" &gt;| /proc/mtrr</CODE></P>
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165
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166
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167 <P>Non tutte le CPU supportano l'MTRR. Per esempio i più vecchi K6-2 [circa 266Mhz,
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168 stepping 0] non supportano l'MTRR, ma gli stepping 12 si ('<CODE>cat /proc/cpuinfo</CODE>'
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169 per controllare').</P>
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170
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171 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.2>2.3.1.2. Xv</A></B></P>
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172
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173 <P>Sotto XFree86 4.0.2 o più recente, si possono usare le routine hardware della tua scheda
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174 usando l'estensione XVideo. Questo è quello che usa l'opzione '-vo xv'. Inoltre,
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175 questo driver è quello che supporta la regolazione di luminosità/contrasto/hue/etc (a meno che tu stia usando
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176 il vecchio, lento codec DirectShow DivX, che lo supporta ovunque), vedi la pagina di
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177 man.</P>
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178
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179 <P>Per farlo funzionare, assicurati delle seguenti cose:</P>
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180 <P><UL>
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181 <LI>Devi usare XFree86 4.0.2 o più recente (le versioni precedenti non hanno XVideo)
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182 <LI>La tua scheda supporta l'accelerazione hardware (le schede moderne lo fanno)
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183 <LI>X carica l'estensione XVideo, è qualcosa del genere:
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184
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185 <P><CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;(II) Loading extension XVideo</CODE></P>
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186 <P>in /var/log/XFree86.0.log</P>
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187
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188 <P>NOTA: questo carica solo l'estensione XFree86. In una buona installazione, questo è
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189 sempre caricato, e non significa che il supporto XVideo _della scheda_ è caricato!</P>
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190
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191 <LI>La tua scheda ha il supporto Xv sotto Linux. Per vederlo, prova 'xvinfo', è
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192 parte della distribuzione di XFree86. Dovrebbe mostrare un lungo testo, simile
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193 a questo:
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194 <PRE>
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195 X-Video Extension version 2.2
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196 screen #0
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197 Adaptor #0: "Savage Streams Engine"
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198 number of ports: 1
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199 port base: 43
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200 operations supported: PutImage
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201 supported visuals:
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202 depth 16, visualID 0x22
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203 depth 16, visualID 0x23
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204 number of attributes: 5
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205 (...)
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206 Number of image formats: 7
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207 id: 0x32595559 (YUY2)
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208 guid: 59555932-0000-0010-8000-00aa00389b71
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209 bits per pixel: 16
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210 number of planes: 1
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211 type: YUV (packed)
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212 id: 0x32315659 (YV12)
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213 guid: 59563132-0000-0010-8000-00aa00389b71
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214 bits per pixel: 12
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215 number of planes: 3
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216 type: YUV (planar)
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217 (...ecc...)
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218 </PRE>
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219
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220 <P>Deve supportare i formati pixel YUY2 packed, e YV12 planar per essere
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221 utilizzabile con <B>MPlayer</B>.</P>
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222
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223 <LI>E infine, controlla se <B>MPlayer</B> è stato compilato col supporto 'xv'.
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224 ./configure ti dice questo.
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225
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226 </UL></P>
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227
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228 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.2.1>2.3.1.2.1. Schede 3dfx</A></B></P>
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229
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230 <P>I vecchi driver 3dfx avevano problemi con l'accelerazione XVideo,
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231 non supportavano ne YUY2 ne YV12, e cose del genere. Verifica di possedere
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232 XFree86 versione 4.1.0 o maggiore, funziona bene con YUY2, ma va in <B>crash
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233 con YV12</B>! Quindi, o aspetta il 4.2.0 o usa il cvs di
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234 <A HREF="http://dri.sourceforge.net">DRI</A> .
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235 Se hai strani effetti con -vo xv, prova SDL (ha anche XVideo)
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236 e guarda se aiuta. Controlla la <A HREF="#2.3.1.4">sezione SDL</A> per dettagli.</P>
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237
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238 <P><B>O</B>, prova il NUOVO driver -vo tdfxfb! Vedi la sezione <A HREF=#2.3.1.9>2.3.1.9</A>!</P>
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239
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240
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241
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242 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.2.2>2.3.1.2.2. Schede S3</A></B></P>
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243
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244 <P>La S3 Savage3D dovrebbe funzionare bene, ma per la Savage4, usa XFree86 versione 4.0.3
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245 o maggiore (in caso di problemi con l'immagine, prova 16bpp). Come per S3 Virge.. c'è il supporto
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246 xv, ma la scheda stessa è molto lenta, quindi faresti meglio a rivenderla.</P>
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247
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248 <P><B>NOTA</B>: la schede Savage hanno una visualizzazione delle immagini lenta con YV12 (deve fare
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249 una conversione YV12->YUY2, perchè l'hardware Savage non può usare YV12).
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250 Quindi quando ad un certo punto di questa documentazione si dice "ha l'output YV12 usa questo,
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251 è più veloce", non è cosa certa. Prova <A HREF="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/contrib/Savage-driver/savage_drv.o.mmx2.bz2">questo
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252 driver</A> che usa MMX2 per questa operazione ed è più veloce del driver nativo di X.</P>
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253
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254
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255 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.2.3>2.3.1.2.3. Schede nVidia</A></B></P>
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256
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257 <P>nVidia non è una scelta molto buona sotto Linux (secondo NVidia, questo
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258 <A HREF="users_against_developers.html#nvidia">non è vero</A>).. Sarai costretto ad usare
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259 il driver binario closed-source di nVidia, disponibile sul sito di nVidia. Il driver XFree86 standard
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260 non supporta XVideo per queste schede, a causa delle specificazioni e dei sorgenti chiusi di nVidia.</P>
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261
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262
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263 <P>Per quanto ne so l'ultimo driver XFree86 contiene il supporto XVideo per
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264 Geforce 2 e 3.</P>
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265
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266 <P><UL><LI>Le schede Riva128 non hanno il supporto XVideo neanche col driver di nvidia :(
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267 Lamentati con NVidia.</UL></P>
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268
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269
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270 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.2.4>2.3.1.2.4. Schede ATI</A></B></P>
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271
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272 <P>
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273 <LI>Il <A HREF="http://www.linuxvideo.org/gatos">driver GATOS</A> (che dovresti
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274 usare, a meno che tu non abbia Rage128 o Radeon) ha VSYNC abilitato di default. Questo
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275 significa che la velocità di decodifica (!) è sincronizzata con quella di refresh del monitor. Se
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276 la riproduzione sembra essere lenta, prova a disabilitare il VSYNC in qualche modo, o regola la velocità di refresh
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277 a n*(fps del filmato) Hz.</LI>
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278
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279 <LI>Radeon VE - attualmente solo il CVS di XFree86 ha un driver per questa scheda, la versione
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280 4.1.0 no. E nessun supporto TV out. Naturalmente con <B>MPlayer</B> puoi felicemente
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281 ottenere una visualizzazione <B>accelerata</B>, con o senza <B>output TV</B>, e
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282 non servono librerie o X. Leggi le sezioni <a href=#2.3.1.15>Vidix</a> e <A
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283 HREF=#2.3.1.14>livello video Radeon</A>).</LI> </P>
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284
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285
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286 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.2.5>2.3.1.2.5. Schede NeoMagic</A></B></P>
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287
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288 <P>
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289 Queste schede possono essere trovate su molti laptop. Sfortunatamente, il driver in
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290 X 4.2.0 non può usare Xv, ma abbiamo un driver modificato, capace di Xv, per te.
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291 <A HREF="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/contrib/NeoMagic-driver/neomagic_drv.o.4.2.0.bz2">Scaricalo da qui</A>.
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292 Driver fornito da Atmosfear.</P>
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293
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294 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.2.6>2.3.1.2.6. Schede Trident</A></B></P>
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295
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296 <P>Se vuoi usare xv con una scheda trident, dato che non funziona
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297 col 4.1.0, prova l'ultimo cvs di Xfree o aspetta Xfree 4.2.0.
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298 L'ultimo cvs aggiunge il supporto per xv a pieno schermo con la scheda
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299 Cyberblade XP.</P>
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300
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301 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.3>2.3.1.3. DGA</A></B></P>
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302
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303 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.3.1>2.3.1.3.1. Sommario</A></B></P>
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304
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305 <P>Questo documento tenta di spiegare cosa sia il DGA in generale e
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306 cosa può fare (e cosa non può) il driver di output video DGA di mplayer.</P>
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307
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308
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309 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.3.2>2.3.1.3.2. Cos'è il DGA</A></B></P>
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310
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311 <P>DGA è l'acronimo di Direct Graphics Access (Accesso Diretto alla Grafica, ndt) ed è un modo per un programma di
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312 aggirare il server X e modificare direttamente la memoria del framebuffer.
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313 Detto tecnicamente questo è possibile mappando la memoria del framebuffer nell'area
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314 di memoria del tuo processo. Questo è permesso dal kernel solo se
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315 hai i privilegi di superutente. Puoi ottenerli o loggandoti come
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316 root o applicando il bit suid all'eseguibile mplayer (NON
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317 consigliato!).</P>
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318
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319 <P>Esistono due versioni di DGA: DGA1 è usato da XFree 3.x.x e DGA2 è stato
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320 introdotto con XFree 4.0.1.</P>
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321
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322 <P>DGA1 fornisce solo accesso diretto al framebuffer come descritto sopra. Per
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323 cambiare la risoluzione del segnale video bisogna appoggiarsi all'estensione
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324 XVidMode.</P>
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325
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326 <P>DGA2 incorpora le caratteristiche di XVidMode e permette anche
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327 di cambiare la profondità del display. Cosi puoi, anche se è in esecuzione
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328 un server X a 32 bit di profondità, cambiare ad una profondità di 15 bit e vice
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329 versa. </P>
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330
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331 <P>Però il DGA ha alcune pecche. Sembra che siano in qualche modo dipendenti dal
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332 chip grafico che si usa e dall'implementazione del driver video del server X
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333 che controlla questo chip. Quindi non funziona su tutti i sistemi ...</P>
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334
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335
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336 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.3.3>2.3.1.3.3. Installare il supporto DGA per MPlayer</A></B></P>
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337
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338 <P>Per prima cosa assicurati che X carichi l'estensione DGA, controlla in /var/log/XFree86.0.log:</P>
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339
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340 <P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>(II) Loading extension XFree86-DGA</CODE></P>
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341
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342 <P>Vedi, XFree86 4.0.x o maggiore è DECISAMENTE CONSIGLIATO!
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343 Il driver DGA di <B>MPlayer</B> è trovato automaticamente da ./configure, o si può forzare con
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344 --enable-dga.</P>
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345
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346 <P>Se il driver non può cambiare ad una risoluzione minore, prova con le opzioni
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347 -vm (solo con X 3.3.x), -fs, -bpp, -zoom per trovare una modalità adatta.
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348 Non c'è una conversione per ora.. :(</P>
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349
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350 <P>Diventa ROOT. DGA ha bisogno dell'accesso di root per poter scrivere direttamente nella memoria video.
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351 Se vuoi eseguirlo da utente, allora installa <B>MPlayer</B> SUID root:</P>
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352
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353 <P><CODE>
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354 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chown root /usr/local/bin/mplayer<BR>
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355 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chmod 750 /usr/local/bin/mplayer<BR>
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356 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chmod +s /usr/local/bin/mplayer</CODE></P>
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357
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358
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359 <P>Ora funziona anche da semplice utente.</P>
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360
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361
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362 <P><B>!!!! MA RIMANI IN ASCOLTO !!!!</B><BR>
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363 Questo è un <B>GRANDE</B> rischio per la sicurezza! Non farlo mai su un server o un computer
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364 al quale possono accedere altre persone perchè si possono ottenere i privilegi di root
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365 attraverso mplayer suid root.<BR>
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366 <B>!!!! QUINDI SEI STATO AVVISATO ... !!!!</B></P>
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367
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368 <P>Ora usa l'opzione '-vo dga', ed ecco fatto! (spero:)
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369 Dovresti anche provare se l'opzione '-vo sdl:dga' funziona per te! E' molto più
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370 veloce!!!</P>
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371
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372 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.3.4>2.3.1.3.4. Cambiare risoluzione</A></B></P>
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373
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374 <P>Il driver DGA permette di cambiare la risoluzione del segnale di uscita.
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375 Questo evita la necessita di eseguire un (lento) ridimensionamento software e allo stesso
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376 tempo fornisce un'immagine a pieno schermo. Idealmente dovrebbe andare all'esatta risoluzione
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377 (tranne che per rispettare le proporzioni) dei dati video, ma il server X
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378 permette solo di andare ad una risoluzione presente in
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379 <CODE>/etc/X11/XF86Config</CODE> (<CODE>/etc/X11/XF86Config-4</CODE> per XFree 4.0.X).
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380 Queste sono definite dalle cosi dette modeline e dipendono dalle capacità
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381 del tuo hardware video. Il server X legge questo file di configurazione all'avvio e
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382 disabilita le modeline non adatte al tuo hardware. Puoi scoprire quali modalità rimangono
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383 nel file di log di X11. Si trova in:
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384 <CODE>/var/log/XFree86.0.log</CODE>.</P>
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385 <P>Vedi l'appendice A per alcune definizioni di modeline di esempio.</P>
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386
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387 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.3.5>2.3.1.3.5. DGA &amp; MPlayer</A></B></P>
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388
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389 <P>DGA è utilizzato in due posti in <B>MPlayer</B>: nel driver SDL
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390 (-vo sdl:dga) e nel driver DGA (-vo dga).
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391 Quello detto sopra è valido per entrambi; nella seguente sezione spiegherò come funziona
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392 il driver DGA di <B>MPlayer</B>.</P>
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393
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394 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.3.6>2.3.1.3.6. Caratteristiche del driver DGA</A></B></P>
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395
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396 <P>Il driver DGA è invocato specificando -vo dga alla riga di comando.
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397 Il comportamento di default è quello di cambiare ad una risoluzione il più vicino possibile
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398 a quella originale del filmato. Ignora deliberatamente le opzioni
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399 -vm e -fs (cambiare la modalità video e il pieno schermo) -
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400 tenta sempre di coprire la maggior parte possibile del monitor cambiando la
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401 modalità video, astenendosi così dall'usare anche un solo ciclo in più della CPU
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402 per ridimensionare l'immagine.
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403 Se non ti piace la modalità che ha scelto puoi forzarlo ad usare la risoluzione
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404 più vicina a quella che gli viene passata con le opzioni -x e -y.
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405 Con l'opzione -v, il driver DGA stamperà a video, tra le altre cose,
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406 una lista delle risoluzioni supportate dal tuo attuale file
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407 XF86-Config.
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408 Con il DGA2 puoi anche forzarlo ad usare una certa profondità usando l'pzione -bpp.
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409 Le profondità valide sono 15, 16, 24 e 32. Dipende dal tuo hardware
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410 se queste profondità sono supportate nativamente o se deve essere fatta una (possibilmente lenta)
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411 conversione.</P>
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412
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413 <P>Se sei abbastanza fortunato da avere abbastanza memoria video rimasta
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414 per inserire un'intera immagine, il driver DGA userà il doppio buffering, che permette una riproduzione
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415 video più fluida. Ti dirà se il doppio buffering è abilitato oppure
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416 no.</P>
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417
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418 <P>Doppio buffering significa che la successiva immagine del filmato viene disegnata nella
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419 memoria video mentre è mostrata l'immagine attuale. Quando il successivo frame
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420 è pronto, basta dire al chip grafico la posizione nella memoria
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421 del nuovo frame e prende semplicemente i dati da visualizzare da lì.
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422 Nel frattempo un altro buffer nella memoria sarà di nuovo riempito con nuovi dati
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423 video.</P>
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424
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425 Il doppio buffering può essere abilitato con l'opzione -double e disabilitato con
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426 -nodouble. L'azione attualmente predefinita è quella di disabilitare il doppio
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427 buffering. Quando si usa il driver DGA, l' OSD funziona
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428 solo col doppio buffering abilitato. Comunque, abilitare il doppio buffering può
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429 risultare in una grande perdita di velocità (sul mio K6-II+ 525 usa un 20% in più di tempo della
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430 CPU!) a seconda dell'implementazione del DGA per il tuo hardware.</P>
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431
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432
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433 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.3.7>2.3.1.3.7. Questioni sulla velocità</A></B></P>
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434
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435 <P>Parlando in generale, l'accesso al framebuffer DGA dovrebbe essere veloce almeno quanto
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436 il driver X11 con in più il beneficio di avere l'immagine a pieno schermo.
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437 I valori di velocità in percentuale dati da mplayer devono essere interpretati con una certa
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438 cura, dato che per esempio, col driver X11 non includono il tempo impiegato
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439 dal server X necessario per il reale disegno. Aggancia un terminale alla porta
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440 seriale della tua box ed esegui top per vedere cosa sta realmente accadendo
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441 ...</P>
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442
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443 <P>Parlando in generale, l'incremento di velocità dato da DGA rispetto ad un uso 'normale' di X11
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444 dipende in larga misura dalla tua scheda grafica e da quanto sia ben ottimizzato il modulo X-Server
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445 per essa.</P>
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446
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447 <P>Se hai un sistema lento, faresti meglio ad usare una profondità di 15 o 16bit in quanto necessitano
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448 solo metà della larghezza di banda della memoria rispetto ai 32.</P>
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449
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450 <P>Anche usare una profondità di 24bit è una buona idea se la tua scheda li supporta nativamente solo i
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451 32 bit in quanto trasferisce il 25% in meno di dati rispetto alla modalità 32/32.</P>
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452
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453 <P>Ho visto già dei file avi riprodotti su un Pentium MMX 266. Le CPU AMD K6-2
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454 dovrebbero andare bene dai 400 MHZ in su.</P>
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455
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456 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.3.8>2.3.1.3.8. Bug conosciuti</A></B></P>
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457
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458 <P>Bene, secondo alcuni sviluppatori di XFree, DGA è proprio una bestiaccia. Raccomandano
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459 di non usarlo. La sua implementazione non è sempre perfetta
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460 con tutti i driver per chipset di XFree la fuori.</P>
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461
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462 <P><UL>
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463 <LI>con XFree 4.0.3 e nv.o c'è un bug che risulta in strani colori
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464 <LI>il driver ATI necessita di cambiare la modalità più volte dopo aver finito di usare
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465 DGA
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466 <LI>alcuni driver semplicemente falliscono nel ritornare alla risoluzione normale (usa
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467 Ctrl-Alt-Keypad +, - per ritornarci manualmente)
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468 <LI>alcuni driver semplicemente mostrano strani colori
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469 <LI>alcuni driver mentono sulla quantità di memoria che mappano nello spazio di indirizzamento del
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470 processo, così vo_dga non userà il doppio buffering (SIS?)
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471 <LI>alcuni driver sembrano fallire nel riportare anche una singola modalità valida. In questo caso
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472 il driver DGA si interromperà lamentandosi di una modalità senza senso di
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473 100000x100000 o simile ...
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474 <LI>OSD funziona solo col doppio buffering abilitato
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475 </UL></P>
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476
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477 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.3.9>2.3.1.3.9. Lavoro futuro</A></B></P>
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478
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479 <P><UL><LI>usare la nuova interfaccia di rendering di X11 per OSD
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480 <LI>dov'è la mia lista delle cose da fare ???? :-(((</UL></P>
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481
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482
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483 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.3.A>2.3.1.3.A. Alcune modeline</A></B></P>
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484
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485 <PRE>
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486 Section "Modes"
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487 Identifier "Modes[0]"
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488 Modeline "800x600" 40 800 840 968 1056 600 601 605 628
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489 Modeline "712x600" 35.0 712 740 850 900 400 410 412 425
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490 Modeline "640x480" 25.175 640 664 760 800 480 491 493 525
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491 Modeline "400x300" 20 400 416 480 528 300 301 303 314 Doublescan
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492 Modeline "352x288" 25.10 352 368 416 432 288 296 290 310
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493 Modeline "352x240" 15.750 352 368 416 432 240 244 246 262 Doublescan
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494 Modeline "320x240" 12.588 320 336 384 400 240 245 246 262 Doublescan
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495 EndSection
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496 </PRE>
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497
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498 <P>Queste funzionano bene col mio chip Riva128, usando il modulo del driver XServer nv.o .
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499 </P>
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500
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501
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502 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.3.B>2.3.1.3.B. Segnalazione bug</A></B></P>
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503
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504 <P>Se riscontri dei problemi col driver DGA per favore sentiti libero di inviare una segnalazione
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505 di bug a me (indirizzo e-mail sotto). Per favore esegui mplayer con l'opzione
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506 -v e includi tutte le linee che cominciano con vo_dga: nella segnalazione</P>
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507
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508 <P>Includi anche la versione di X11 che usi, la scheda video
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509 e il tuo tipo di CPU. Anche il modulo del driver X11 (definito in XF86-Config) potrebbe
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510 aiutare. Grazie!</P>
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511
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512
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513 <P><I>Acki (acki@acki-netz.de, www.acki-netz.de)</I></P>
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514
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515
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516 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.4>2.3.1.4. SDL</A></B></P>
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517
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518 <P>SDL (Simple Directmedia Layer, Semplice Livello Diretto per media, ndt) è in generale una interfaccio video/audio
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519 unificata. I programmi che ne fanno uso conoscono solo l' SDL, e nulla su quale driver video
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520 o audio SDL usano veramente. Per esempio un port di Doom che usa SDL può
4867
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521 essere eseguito su svgalib, aalib, X, fbdev, e altri, devi solo specificare il
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522 (per esempio) driver video da usare con la variabile d'ambiente SDL_VIDEODRIVER.
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523 Bhe, in teoria.</P>
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524
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525 <P>Con <B>MPlayer</B>, abbiamo usato la capacita di ridimensionamento software del suo driver X11 per
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526 schede/driver che non supportano XVideo, finchè non abbiamo fatto il nostro (più veloce,
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527 più bello) ridimensionatore software. Abbiamo anche usato il suo output aalib, ma ora abbiamo il nostro che è
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528 più comodo. La sua modalità DGA era migliore della nostra, fino a poco
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529 tempo fà. Afferrato ora? :)</P>
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530
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531 <P>Aiuta anche con alcuni driver/schede difettosi se il video o l'audio sono a scatti
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532 (non un problema di sistema lento).</P>
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533
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534 <P>Ecco alcune note sull'output SDL in <B>MPlayer</B>.</P>
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535
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536
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537
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538 <P><TABLE BORDER=0>
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539 <TD COLSPAN=4><P><B><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>Ci sono molte opzioni a riga di comando per SDL:</B></P></TD><TR>
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540 <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>-vo sdl:nome</TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD>
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541 <FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>specifica il driver video sdl da usare (es. aalib, dga, x11)</TD><TR>
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542 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>-ao sdl:nome</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>specifica il driver audio sdl da usare (es. dsp,
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543 esd, arts)</TD><TR>
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544 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>-noxv</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>disabilita l'accelerazione hardware Xvideo</TD><TR>
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545 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>-forcexv</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>tenta di forzare l'accelerazione Xvideo</TD><TR>
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546
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547 <TD COLSPAN=4><P><B><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>Tasti per SDL:</B></P></TD><TR>
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548
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549 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>F</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>scambia le modalità pieno schermo/finestra</TD><TR>
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550 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>C</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>cambia tra le modalità a pieno schermo disponibili</TD><TR>
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551 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>W/S</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>sostituiscono * e / (controllo mixer)</TD><TR>
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552
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553 </TABLE></P>
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554
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555 <P><B>BUG CONOSCIUTI:</B></P>
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556 <P><UL><LI>I tasti premuti sotto il driver sdl:aalib si ripetono all'infinito. (usa -vo aa !)
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557 E' un bug di SDL, io non posso cambiarlo (provato con SDL 1.2.1).
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558 </UL></P>
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559
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560 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.5>2.3.1.5. SVGAlib</A></B></P>
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561
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562 <P>Se non hai X, puoi usare l'output SVGAlib! Assicurati di non usare l'opzione
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563 -fs, in quanto abilita l'utilizzo del ridimensionamento software, e è LEEENTO
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564 per ora, a meno che tu non abbia una CPU veramente veloce (e/o MTRR?). :(</P>
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565
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566 <P>Naturalmente dovrai installare svgalib e il suo pacchetto di sviluppo
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567 in modo che <B>MPlayer</B> possa compilare il suo driver SVGAlib (trovato automaticamente, ma può essere
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568 forzato), e non dimenticare di modificare /etc/vga/libvga.config per adattarlo alla tua
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569 scheda video &amp; monitor.</P>
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570
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571 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.6>2.3.1.6. Output col Framebuffer (FBdev)</A></B></P>
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572
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573 <P>Se compilare il driver FBdev è stabilito automaticamente da ./configure .
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574 Leggi la documentazione del framebuffer nei sorgenti del kernel
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575 (Documentation/fb/*) per informazioni su come abilitarlo, ecc.. !</P>
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576
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577 <P>Se la tua scheda non supporta lo standard VBE 2.0 (le più vecchie schede ISA/PCI,
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578 come la S3 Trio64), ma solo VBE 1.2 (o più vecchio?) :
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579 ebbene, VESAfb è ancora disponibile, ma dovrai caricare il programma SciTech Display
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580 Doctor (prima UniVBE) prima di fare il boot di Linux. Usa un dischetto di boot DOS o
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581 quello che vuoi. E non dimenticare di registrare il tuo UniVBE ;))</P>
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582
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583 <P>L'output FBdev accetta alcuni parametri supplementari tra i quali:</P>
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584
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585 <P><TABLE BORDER=0>
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586 <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>-fb</TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD>
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587 <FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>specifica il dispositivo framebuffer da usare (/dev/fb0)</TD><TR>
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588 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>-fbmode</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>nome della modalità da usare (secondo /etc/fb.modes)</TD><TR>
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589 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>-fbmodeconfig</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2> file di configurazione delle modalità (default /etc/fb.modes)</TD><TR>
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590 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>-monitor_hfreq</TD><TD></TD><TD ROWSPAN=3><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>valori IMPORTANTI, vedi example.conf</TD><TR>
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591 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>-monitor_vfreq</TD><TD></TD><TR>
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592 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>-monitor_dotclock</TD><TD></TD><TR>
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593 </TABLE></P>
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594
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595 <P>Se vuoi cambiare ad una modalità specifica, allora usa</P>
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596
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597 <P><CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mplayer -vm -fbmode (NomeModalità) nomefile</CODE></P>
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598
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599 <P><UL><LI>l'opzione <B>-vm</B> sceglierà la modalità più adatta da /etc/fb.modes . Può essere usata
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600 anche insieme alle opzioni -x e -y. L'opzione -flip è supportata solo se
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601 il formato dei pixel del filmato corrisponde a quello dei pixel della modalità video.
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602 Fai attenzione al valore di bpp, il driver fbdev tenta di usare l'attuale,
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603 o se si specifica l'opzione -bpp, allora quella.</LI>
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604 <LI>l'opzione <B>-zoom</B> non è supportata (il ridimensionamento software è lento). l'opzione -fs
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605 non è supportata. Non puoi usare le modalità a 8bpp (o meno).</LI>
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606 <LI>Probabilmente vuoi nascondere il cursore : <CODE>echo -e '\033[?25l'</CODE>
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607 o <CODE>setterm -cursor off</CODE><BR>
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608 e lo screen saver: <CODE>setterm -blank 0</CODE><BR>
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609 Per riavere il cursore : <CODE>echo -e '\033[?25h'</CODE>
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610 o <CODE>setterm -cursor on</CODE>
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611 </UL></P>
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612
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613 <P>NOTA: il cambiamento di modalità video di FBdev _non funziona_ col framebuffer VESA,
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614 e non richiederlo, in quanto non è una limitazione di <B>MPlayer</B>.</P>
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615
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616 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.7>2.3.1.7. Framebuffer Matrox (mga_vid)</A></B></P>
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617
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618 <P>Questa sezione parla del supporto BES (Back-End Scaler) di Matrox G200/G400/G450/G550,
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619 il driver del kernel mga_vid. E' attualmente sviluppato da me (A'rpi), e
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620 ha il supporto VSYNC hardware con triplo buffering. Funziona sia da console col framebuffer
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621 che sotto X.</P>
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622
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623 <P><B>ATTENZIONE</B>: su sistemi non-Linux, usa <A HREF=#2.3.1.15>Vidix</A> per
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624 mga_vid !!!</P>
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625
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626 <P>Per usarlo, devi prima compilare mga_vid.o:</P>
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627
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628 <P><CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cd drivers<BR>
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629 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;make</CODE></P>
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630
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631 <P>Poi crea il dispositivo /dev/mga_vid:</P>
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632
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633 <P><CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mknod /dev/mga_vid c 178 0</CODE></P>
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634
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635 <P>e carica il driver con</P>
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636
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637 <P><CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;insmod mga_vid.o</CODE></P>
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638
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639 <P>Dovresti controllare il riconoscimento della dimensione della memoria usando il comando 'dmesg'. Se è
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640 sbagliata, usa l'opzione mga_ram_size (prima rmmod mga_vid), specifica la dimensione della memoria
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641 della scheda in MB:</P>
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642
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643 <P><CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;insmod mga_vid.o mga_ram_size=16</CODE></P>
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644
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645 <P>Per farlo caricare/scaricare automaticamente quando ce n'è bisogno, prima inserisci la seguente riga
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646 alla fine di /etc/modules.conf:</P>
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647
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648 <P><CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;alias char-major-178 mga_vid</CODE></P>
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649
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650 <P>Quindi copia il modulo <CODE>mga_vid.o</CODE> nella posizione appropriata sotto
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651 <CODE>/lib/modules/&lt;versione kernel&gt;/daqualcheparte</CODE>.</P>
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652
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653 <P>Poi esegui</P>
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654
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655 <P><CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;depmod -a</CODE></P>
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656
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657 <P>Ora devi (ri)compilare <B>MPlayer</B>, ./configure troverà /dev/mga_vid
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658 e compilerà il driver 'mga'. In <B>MPlayer</B> si usa con '-vo mga' se
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659 hai la console matroxfb, o '-vo xmga' sotto XFree86 3.x.x o 4.x.x.</P>
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660
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661 <P>Il driver mga_vid coopera con Xv.</P>
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662
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663 <P>Il file del dispositivo <CODE>/dev/mga_vid</CODE> può essere letto (per esempio con
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664 <CODE>cat /dev/mga_vid</CODE>) per avere alcune informazioni, e scritto per cambiare la luminosità
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665 : <CODE>echo "brightness=120" > /dev/mga_vid</CODE></P>
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666
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667
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668 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.8>2.3.1.8. Framebuffer SiS 6326 (sis_vid)</A></B></P>
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669
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670 <P>Driver del framebuffer YUV SiS 6326 -> driver del kernel sis_vid</P>
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671
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672 <P>La sua interfaccia dovrebbe essere compatibile con mga_vid, ma il driver non è stato aggiornato
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673 dopo i cambiamenti di mga_vid, quindi è obsoleto ora. Si cercano volontari per
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674 testarlo e aggiornare il codice.</P>
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675
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676 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.9>2.3.1.9. Supporto YUV 3dfx (tdfxfb)</A></B></P>
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677
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678 <P>Questo driver usa il driver framebuffer del kernel tdfx per riprodurre i filmati con
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679 accelerazione YUV. Devi avere un kernel col supporto tdfxfb, e ricompilare con
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680 <CODE>./configure --enable-tdfxfb</CODE></P>
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681
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682 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.10>2.3.1.10. Output in OpenGL</A></B></P>
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683
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684 <P><B>MPlayer</B> supporta la visualizzazione dei filmati usando OpenGL. Sfortunatamente, non tutti
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685 i driver hanno questa capacità. Per esempio i driver Utah-GLX
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686 (per XFree86 3.3.6) lo supportano, con tutte le schede.
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687 Vedi <A HREF="http://utah-glx.sourceforge.net">http://utah-glx.sourceforge.net</A>
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688 per dettagli su come installarlo.</P>
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689
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690 <P>XFree86(DRI) >= 4.0.3 lo supporta solo con schede Matrox, e Radeon.
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691 Vedi <A HREF="http://dri.sourceforge.net">http://dri.sourceforge.net</A> per scaricarlo,
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692 e per istruzioni sull'installazione.</P>
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693
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694 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.11>2.3.1.11. AAlib - visione in modalità testo</B></P>
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695
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696 <P><B>AAlib</B> è una libreria per vedere la grafica in modalità testo, usando un potente
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697 renderer ASCII. Ci sono MOLTI programmi che già la supportano, come Doom,
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698 Quake, ecc. MPlayer contiene un driver molto facile da usare per questa.
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699 Se ./configure trova aalib installata, sarà compilato il driver libvo aalib.</P>
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700
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701 <P><TABLE BORDER=0>
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702 <TD COLSPAN=4><P><B><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>Puoi usare alcuni tasti nella finestra AA per cambiare le opzioni di rendering:</B></P></TD><TR>
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703 <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>1</TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>diminuisce il contrasto</TD><TR>
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704 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>2</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>aumenta il contrasto</TD><TR>
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705 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>3</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>diminuisce la luminosità</TD><TR>
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706 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>4</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>aumenta la luminosità</TD><TR>
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707 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>5</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>(dis)attiva il rendering veloce</TD><TR>
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708 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>6</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>cambia la modalità di dithering (nessuno, distribuzione dell'errore, floyd steinberg)</TD><TR>
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diff changeset
709 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>7</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>inverte l' immagine</TD><TR>
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710 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>a</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>cambia i controlli da aa a mplayer</TD><TR>
4867
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711
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712 <TD COLSPAN=4><P><B><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>Possono essere usate le seguenti opzioni a riga di comando:</B></P></TD><TR>
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713
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diff changeset
714 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>-aaosdcolor=V</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>cambia il colore dell'osd</TD><TR>
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715 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>-aasubcolor=V</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>cambia il colore dei sottotitoli</TD><TR>
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716 <TD COLSPAN=3></TD><TD><P><I><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>dove V può essere: (0/normal, 1/dark, 2/bold, 3/boldfont, 4/reverse, 5/special)</P></TD><TR>
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717
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718 <TD COLSPAN=4><P><B><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>La stessa AAlib fornisce un gran numero do opzioni.
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diff changeset
719 Eccone alcune importanti:</P></B></TD><TR>
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diff changeset
720
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721 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>-aadriver</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>seleziona il driver aa consigliato (X11, curses, linux)</TD><TR>
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722 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>-aaextended</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>usa tutti i 256 caratteri</TD><TR>
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723 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>-aaeight</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>usa ascii a otto bit</TD><TR>
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724 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>-aahelp</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>stampa tutte le opzioni di aalib</TD><TR>
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725 </TABLE></P>
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726
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727 <P>NOTA: il rendering utilizza molta CPU, specialmente usando aalib su X,
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728 e ne usa meno su console standard,
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729 non-framebuffer. Usa SVGATextMode per selezionare una modalità testo grande,
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730 e divertiti! (le schede Hercules con uscita secondaria vanno forte :)) (qualcuno può migliorare
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731 bdev per fare conversione/dithering a hgafb? Sarebbe bello :)</P>
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732
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733 <P>Usa l'opzione -framedrop se il tuo computer non è abbastanza veloce da renderizzare tutti i frame!</P>
4867
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734
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735 <P>Usandolo da terminale otterrai una più alta velocità e qualità usando il driver di linux, non
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736 curses (-aadriver linux). Ma per questo devi avere accesso in scrittura a /dev/vcsa&lt;terminale&gt;!
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737 Questa non è ipostata automaticamente da aalib, ma vo_aa cerca di trovare la modalità migliore.
4867
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738 Vedi <A HREF="http://aa-project.sourceforge.net/tune/">http://aa-project.sourceforge.net/tune/</A> per ulteriori questioni di regolazione.</P>
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739
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740
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741 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.12>2.3.1.12. VESA - output col BIOS VESA</B></P>
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742 <P>
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743 Questo driver è stato pensato e introdotto come un <b>driver generico</b> per qualsiasi scheda video
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744 con un BIOS VESA VBE 2.0 compatibile. Ma c'è ancora una ragione per lo sviluppo di
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745 questo driver - le suoe molte possibilità di visualizzazione sulla TV.<BR>
4867
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746 <b>VESA BIOS EXTENSION (VBE) Versione 3.0 Data: 16 Settembre 1998</b> (Pagina 70)
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747 dice:
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748 </P>
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749
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750 <P>
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751 <code><i>
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752 <b>Design a doppio controller</b><br>
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753 VBE 3.0 supporta il design a doppio controller supponendo che, dato che entrambi
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754 i controller sono solitamente forniti dallo stesso OEM, sotto il controllo di una
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755 singola ROM BIOS sulla stessa scheda grafica, è possibile nascondere all'applicazione il fatto che
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756 sono realmente presenti due controller. Questo ha la limitazione
4867
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757 di impedire l'uso contemporaneo dei controller indipendenti,
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758 ma consente alle applicazioni rilasciate prima del VBE 3.0 di operare normalmente. La funzione
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759 VBE 00h fornisce l'informazione combinata dei due
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760 controller, inclusa la lista combinata delle modalità disponibili.
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761 Quando l'applicazione seleziona una modalità, viene attivato il controller appropriato.
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762 Ogni rimanente funzione VBE quindi opera sul controller attivo.
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763 </i></code>
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764 </P>
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765
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766 <P>
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767 Quindi si ha la possibilità di far andare il TV-out con questo driver.<br>
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768 (Suppongo che spesso il TV-out abbia un output suo proprio,
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769 almeno.)
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770 </P>
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771
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772 <P>
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773 <b>Le cose positive:</b><BR>
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774 - Hai la possibilità di vedere filmati <b>anche se Linux non conosce nemmeno</b> il tuo hardware video.<BR>
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775 - Non devi aver installato niente per la grafica sul tuo Linux
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776 (come X11 (cioè XFree86), fbdev e così via). Questo driver può essere eseguito dalla
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777 <b>modalità testo</b>.<BR>
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778 - Hai la possibilità di avere il <b>TV-out funzionante</b>. (almeno con le schede ATI).<BR>
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779 - Questo driver richiama l'handler <b>int 10h</b> quindi non è un emulatore - richiama le
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780 cose <b>reali</b> del <b>reale</b> BIOS in modalità <b>reale</b>. (detto meglio -
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781 in modalità vm86).<BR>
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782 - Molto più importante :) puoi guardare i <b>DVD a 320x200</b> se non hai una CPU potente.<BR>
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783 </P>
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784
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785 <P>
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786 <b>Le cose negative:</b><BR>
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787 - Funziona solo su <b>sistemi x86</b>.<BR>
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788 - <b>E' il driver più lento</b> di tutti quelli disponibili per MPlayer.<BR>
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789 (Ma solo se la tua scheda non supporta la <b>modalità DGA</b> - altrimenti questo
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790 driver è simile in velocità a quelli <b>-vo dga</b> e <b>-vo fbdev</b>.<BR>
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791
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792 - Può essere usato solo da <b>ROOT</b>.<BR>
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793 - Attualmente è disponibile solo per <b>Linux</b>.<BR>
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794 - <b>Non usa</b> nessuna <b>accelerazione hardware</b> (come il livello YUV o lo scaling hw).<BR>
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795 </P>
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796
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797 <P>Non usare questo driver col <B>GCC 2.96</B> ! Non funzionerà !</P>
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798
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799 <P>
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800 <TABLE BORDER=0>
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801 <TD COLSPAN=4><P><B><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>Sono attualmente disponibili queste opzioni per VESA:</B></P></TD><TR>
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802 <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>-vo vesa:opzioni</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>attualmente riconosciute: <b>dga</b> per forzare la modalità dga e <b>nodga</b> per disabilitarla. Nota: puoi omettere questi parametri per abilitare il riconoscimento <b>automatico</b> della modalità dga. (In futuro si potranno specificare anche parametri come refresh rate, interlacing, doublescan e così via. Esempi: i43, 85, d100)</TD><TR>
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803 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>-screenw, -screenh, -bpp</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>forza la modalità definita dall'utente</TD><TR>
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804 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>-x, -y</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>configura il predimensionamento definito dall'utente</TD><TR>
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805 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>-zoom</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>abilita il predimensionamento definito dall'utente</TD><TR>
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806 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>-fs</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>ridimensiona l'immagine a pieno schermo</TD><TR>
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807 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>-fs -zoom</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>ridimensiona il predimensionamento definito dall'utente a pieno schermo</TD><TR>
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808 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>-double</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>abilita la modalità di doppio buffering. (Disponibile solo in modalità DGA). Dovrebbe essere più lento del buffering singolo, ma non ha scatti.</TD><TR>
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809 </TABLE>
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810 </P>
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811
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812 <P>
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813 <b>Problemi conosciuti e come aggirarli:</b><br>
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814 - Se hai installato il font <b>NLS</b> sulla tua Linux box ed esegui il driver VESA
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815 dalla modalità testo allora dopo aver chiuso mplayer avrai il <b>font ROM</b> caricato invece del
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816 nazionale. Puoi ricaricare il font nazionale usando l'utilità <b><i>setsysfont</i></b>
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817 dalla, per esempio, distribuzione Mandrake.<br>
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818 (<b>Suggerimento</b>: la stessa utilità è usata per la "localizzazione" di fbdev).<br>
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819 - Alcuni <b>driver grafici di Linux</b> non aggiornano la <b>modalità BIOS</b> attiva nella memoria DOS. Quindi se hai
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820 un tale problema - usa sempre il driver VESA solo dalla <b>modalità testo</b>. Altrimenti la modalità testo (#03) sarà
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821 attivata comunque e dovrai far ripartire il computer.<br>
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822 - Spesso dopo aver terminato il driver VESA si ottiene uno <b>schermo nero</b>. Per farlo ritornare
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823 allo stato originale - cambia semplicemente console (premendo <b>Alt-Fx</b>) poi ritorna
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824 alla precedente console nello stesso modo.<br>
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825 - Per far <b>funzionare il TV-out</b> devi avere il connettore della tv inserito prima di far partire
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826 il tuo PC in quanto il BIOS video si inizializza solo una volta durante la procedura di POST.
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827 </P>
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828
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829
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830 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.13>2.3.1.13. X11</B></P>
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831
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832 <P>Evitalo se possibile. Da l'output a X11 (usa l'estensione per la memoria condivisa), senza alcuna
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833 accelerazione hardware. Supporta (accelerato da MMX/3DNow/SSE, ma ancora
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834 lento) il ridimensionamento software, usa le opzioni <CODE>-fs -zoom</CODE>. Molte schede
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835 hanno il supporto per il ridimensionamento hardware, usa l'output <CODE>-vo xv</CODE> per queste, o
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836 <CODE>-vo xmga</CODE> per le Matrox.</P>
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837
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838 <P>Il problema è che il driver della maggior parte delle schede non supporta
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839 l'accelerazione hardware sulla seconda uscita/TV. In quei casi, si vede una finestra verde/blu
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840 invece del filmato. Qui è dove questo driver è utile,
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841 ma hai bisogno di una CPU potente per usare il ridimensionamento software. Non usare
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842 l'output+scaler software del driver SDL, ha una pessima qualità d'immagine !</P>
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843
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844 <P>Il ridimensionamento software è molto lento, faresti meglio a cambiare modalità video invece.
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845 E' molto semplice. Vedi la <A HREF=#2.3.1.3.A>sezione sulle modeline DGA</A>, e
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846 inseriscile nel tuo XF86Config.
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diff changeset
847 <UL>
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848 <LI>Se hai XFree86 4.x.x - usa l'opzione <CODE>-vm</CODE>. Cambierà ad una
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849 risoluzione adatta al tuo filmato. Se non funziona :</LI>
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850 <LI>Con XFree86 3.x.x - devi cercare tra tutte le risoluzioni disponibili
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851 con i tasti <B>CTRL-ALT-più</B> e <B>meno</B>.</LI>
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852 </UL>
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853
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854 Se non riesci a trovare le modalità che hai inserito, controlla l'output di XFree86. Alcuni
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855 driver non possono usare i bassi pixelclock necessari per modalità video a bassa
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856 risoluzione.</P>
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857
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858
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859 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.14>2.3.1.14. Livello video Rage128 (pro) / Radeon (radeon_vid)</A></B></P>
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860 <P>
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861 <b>radeon_vid</b> e <B>rage128_vid</B> forniscono supporto per il <b>BackEnd Scaler</b> su chipset ATI <b>Radeon</b> e Rage128 (Pro).
4961
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862 Sono stati studiati e introdotti come analoghi del driver <a href="video.html#2.3.1.7">mga_vid</a>, quindi puoi usarli nello stesso modo!<br>
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863 Ma l'obbiettivo principale dell'uso di questi driver è il driver <a href="video.html#2.3.1.12">VESA</a>.<br>
4867
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864 Semplicemente perchè VESA abilita il TV-out sulle schede ATI ma il Backend scaler è usato dopo
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diff changeset
865 il cambiamento di modalità. Questa implementazione da il flusso video su entrambi: <b>schermo TV</b> e monitor <b>CRTC</b>
4961
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866 simultaneamente. (Diminuisce leggermente la qualità dell'output video, ma è meglio
4867
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diff changeset
867 che niente).
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868 Spiacente! Non sono riuscito a trovare nessuna informazione sul livello video sulle
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869 pagine di ATI. (ho deciso di implementarlo attraverso chiamate <b>int 10h</b>). Ma è stato
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870 molto facile implementare queste cose attraverso le porte di lettura/scrittura di Radeon.
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871 <br><b>NOTA</b>: la tecnologia XXX_VID è assolutamente non documentata e probabilmente in futuro
4961
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872 queste cose saranno completamente riscritte. Questo è il primo rilascio pubblico dei
4867
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873 driver.</P>
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874
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875 <P><B>Installazione</B></P>
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876
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877 <P>
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878 <UL>
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879 <LI>
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880 <CODE>cd drivers/radeon<BR>
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881 make<BR>
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882 make install<BR>
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883 make nodes</CODE></LI>
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884 <LI>aggiungi uno dei seguenti alla fine del file <CODE>/etc/modules.conf</CODE> :<BR>
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885 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;alias char-major-178 radeon_vid</CODE><BR>
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diff changeset
886 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;alias char-major-178 rage128_vid</CODE></LI>
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887 <LI>run <CODE>depmod -a</CODE></LI>
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888 </UL>
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889 </P>
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890
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891 <P>
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892 <br><b>Utilizzo:</b><BR>
4939
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893 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer -vo vesa:vidix &lt;le tue opzioni&gt; nomefile</CODE>
4867
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894 </P>
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895
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896 <P>Più esempi (per il deinterlacing hardware, ecc) si possono trovare
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897 <A HREF="../drivers/radeon/README">qui</A>.</P>
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898
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899 <P><B>NOTA</B>: non usare nessun framebuffer se intendi usare questi driver ! Usalo
4867
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900 solo da una console in modalità testo.</P>
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901
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902 <P>
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903 <b>Conclusioni:</b> So che ci sono molte cose che mancano e molti bug. Quindi se sei in grado di migliorare
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904 qualcosa mandami semplicemente le tue patch.
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905 </P>
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906
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907
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908 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.15>2.3.1.15. VIDIX</A></B></P>
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909
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910 <P><B><I>COS'E' IL VIDIX</I></B></P>
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911
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912 <P>VIDIX è l'acronimo di <b>VID</b>eo <b>I</b>nterface for
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913 *ni<b>X</b> (Interfaccia Video per *nix, ndt).<BR>
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914 VIDIX è stato studiato e implementato come un'interfaccia per veloci driver in spazio utente
4961
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915 che forniscono <b>DGA</b> ovunque è possibile (<b>a differenza di X11</b>).
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916 Spero che questi driver saranno portabili come X11 (<b>non solo su
4867
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917 *nix</b>).<BR>
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918 Cos'è:
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919 <LI>E' un successore portabile della tecnologia mga_vid, ma è localizzato in spazio
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920 utente.</LI>
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921 <LI>A differenza di X11 fornisce DGA ovunque è possibile</LI>
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922 <LI>A differenza di v4l fornisce un'interfaccia per la riproduzione video</LI>
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923 <LI>A differenza dei driver linux usa librerie matematiche</LI>
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924 </P>
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925
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926 <P>Posso dirtelo in lettere maiuscole e grassetto :<BR>
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927 <b>VIDIX FORNISCE ACCESSO DIRETTO ALLA GRAFICA ALLA MEMORIA YUV BES.</b>
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928 </P>
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929
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930 <P><i>Bene (è tra le cose che devo fare) - implementare un decoder da DGA a MPEG2.</i></P>
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931
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932 <P>Questa interfaccia è stata studiata come un tentativo di far rientrare le esistenti interfacce
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933 di accelerazione video (conosciute come mga_vid, mga_yuv, radeon_vid) in uno schema fisso. Fornisce
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934 un'interfaccia di alto livello ai chip conosciuti come BES (BackEnd
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935 scaler) o OV (Video Overlay). Non fornisce un'interfaccia di basso livello
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936 a cose conosciute come server grafici. (Non voglio competere con il team di X11
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937 nel cambiamento di modalità grafica). Cioè, l'obbiettivo principale di questa interfaccia
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938 è di fornire la massima velocità di riproduzione video ma non di mettere il segnale video sullo
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939 schermo della tua TV o sul nastro del tuo videoregistratore. Sebbene anche queste cose siano
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940 molto importanti - è esattamente un altro compito. (Comunque penso che sarebbe possibile
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941 implementare qualcosa come un mini-X (non confondetelo con Minix ;) in
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942 futuro, se si troverà un certo numero di volontari.
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943 </P>
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944
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945 <P><B><I>UTILIZZO</I></B></P>
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946
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947 <P>
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948 <LI>Puoi usare il driver di output video da solo: <CODE>-vo xvidix</CODE><BR>
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949 Questo driver è stato sviluppato come una interfaccia di X11 per la tecnologia VIDIX.
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950 necessita di un server X e può funzionare solo sotto un server X.</LI>
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951 <LI>Si può usare il sottodispositivo VIDIX che è stato applicato a molti driver di output video,
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952 come:<BR>
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953 <CODE>-vo vesa:vidix</CODE> e <CODE>-vo fbdev:vidix</CODE></LI>
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954 Infatti non importa quale driver di output video si usa con <b>VIDIX</b>.
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955 </P>
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956
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957 <P><B><I>REQUISITI</I></B></P>
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958
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959 <P>
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960 <LI>La scheda video dovrebbe essere in modalità grafica (ho scritto <b>dovrebbe</b> semplicemente
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961 perchè l'ho provato in modalità testo - funziona, ma da un terribile output ;) Usa
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962 AAlib per quello).<BR>
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963 <I>Nota: chiunque può provare questo trucco commentando il cambiamento di modalità nel driver
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964 vo_vesa.</I></LI>
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965 <LI>Il driver di output video di <B>MPlayer</B> dovrebbe conoscere la modalità video attiva ed essere in grado di
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966 dire al sottodispositivo VIDIX alcune caratteristiche video del server.</LI>
4961
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967 Credo che tutti i driver di output video di <B>MPlayer</B> riconoscano
4867
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968 il sottodispositivo <CODE>:vidix</CODE>.
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969 </P>
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970
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971 <P><B><I>METODI DI UTILIZZO</I></B></P>
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972
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973 <P>Quando VIDIX è usato come <b>sottodispositivo</b> (<CODE>-vo vesa:vidix</CODE>) allora
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974 la configurazione della modalità video è fatta dal dispositivo di output video
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975 (<b>vo_server</b> in breve). Quindi puoi passare alla linea di comando di
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976 <B>MPlayer</B> le stesse opzioni di vo_server. In aggiunta interpreta l'opzione
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977 <CODE>-double</CODE> come un parametro globalmente visibile. (Consiglio di usare
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978 questa opzione con VIDIX almeno per le schede ATI).<BR>
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979 Come per <CODE>-vo xvidix</CODE> : attualmente riconosce le seguenti
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980 opzioni: <CODE>-fs -zoom -x -y -double</CODE>.<BR>
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981 </P>
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982
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983 <P>Puoi anche specificare il driver VIDIX direttamente come terzo sotto argomento alla linea di
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984 comando :<BR>
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985 <BR>
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986 &nbsp;&nbsp;<code>mplayer -vo xvidix:mga_vid.so -fs -zoom -double
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987 file.avi</code><BR>
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988 o<BR>
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989 &nbsp;&nbsp;<code>mplayer -vo vesa:vidix:radeon_vid.so -fs -zoom -double -bpp
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990 32 file.avi</code><BR>
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991 <BR>
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992 Ma è pericoloso, e non dovresti farlo. In questo caso il driver dato sarà
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993 forzato e il risultato è imprevedibile (potrebbe <b>bloccare</b> il tuo
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994 computer). Dovresti farlo SOLO se sei assolutamente sicuro che funzionerà,
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995 e <B>MPlayer</B> non lo fa automaticamente. Per favore dillo agli
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996 sviluppatori. Il Modo Giusto è usare VIDIX senza argomenti per abilitare il riconoscimento automatico del
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997 driver.
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998 </P>
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999
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1000 <P>
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1001 VIDIX è una tecnologia molto nuova ed è molto probabile che sul tuo sistema
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1002 (OS=abc CPU=xyz) non funzioni. In questo caso la sola soluzione per te è di eseguire
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1003 un port (principalmente libdha). Ma c'è la speranza che funzioni su quei sistemi dove funziona
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1004 X11.
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1005 </P>
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1006
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1007 <P>E l'ultimo <b>AVVERTIMENTO</b>: (s)fortunatamente <b>DEVI</b> avere i permessi di
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1008 <b>ROOT</b> per usare VIDIX a causa dell'accesso diretto all'hardware. Al limite
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1009 dai il bit <b>suid</b> all'eseguibile <B>MPlayer</B>.
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1010 </P>
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1011
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1012 <P><B><I>EQUALIZZATORE VIDEO</I></B></P>
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1013
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1014 <P>
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1015 Questo è un equalizzatore video implementato specificatamente per Vidix. Puoi usarlo
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1016 sia coi tasti <B>1-8</B> come descritto nelle pagine di man, o
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1017 con argomenti dalla linea di comando. <B>MPlayer</B> riconosce le seguenti
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1018 opzioni :
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1019 </P>
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1020
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1021 <P>
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1022 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>-brightness</CODE> - regola la <B>LUMINOSITÀ</B> dell'output
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1023 video. Non è come la regolazione della luminosità sul pannello del monitor o della TV. Cambia
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1024 l'intensità dei componenti RGB del segnale video da schermo nero a
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1025 bianco.<BR>
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1026 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>-contrast</CODE> - regola il <B>CONTRASTO</B> dell'output video.
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1027 Funziona in maniera simile alla lumunosità.<BR>
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1028 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>-saturation</CODE> - regola la <B>SATURAZIONE</B> dell'output video.
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1029 Puoi ottenere un output in scala di grigi con questa opzione.<BR>
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1030 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>-hue</CODE> - regola l' <B>HUE</B> del segnale video. Puoi ottenere
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1031 il negativo a colori dell'immagine con questa opzione.<BR>
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1032 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>-red_intensity</CODE> - regola l'intensità della componente <B>ROSSO</B>
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1033 del segnale video.<BR>
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diff changeset
1034 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>-green_intensity</CODE> - regola l'intensità della componente <B>VERDE</B>
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diff changeset
1035 del segnale video.<BR>
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diff changeset
1036 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>-blue_intensity</CODE> - regola l'intensità della componente <B>BLU</B>
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1037 del segnale video.
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1038 </P>
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1039 <P>
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1040 Ogni parametro accetta valori da <B>-1000</B> a <B>+1000</B>.<BR>
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1041 Il valore predefinito per ogni parametro è <B>0</B>.
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parents:
diff changeset
1042 </P>
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parents:
diff changeset
1043 <P>
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parents: 4939
diff changeset
1044 <B>Nota:</B> Non tutti i driver supportano ognuno di questi parametri.
4867
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1045 Attualmente solo <B>radeon_vid.so</B> fornisce il pieno supporto per l'equalizzazione video.
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1046 Altri driver supportano solo parzialmente queste opzioni.
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1047 </P>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1048 <P><B>Esempi:</B><BR>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1049 <CODE>mplayer -vo vesa:vidix -brightness -300 -contrast 200
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1050 nomefile.avi</CODE><BR>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1051 o<BR>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1052 <CODE>mplayer -vo xvidix -red_intensity -50 -saturation 400 -hue 300
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1053 nomefile.vob</CODE>
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parents:
diff changeset
1054 </P>
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parents:
diff changeset
1055
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parents:
diff changeset
1056
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parents:
diff changeset
1057 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.16>2.3.1.16. Zr</A></B></P>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1058
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parents:
diff changeset
1059 <P>Questo è un driver per la visualizzazione (<CODE>-vo zr</CODE>) per un certo numero di schede MJPEG
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1060 di cattura/riproduzione (testato per DC10+ e Buz, e dovrebbe funzionare per
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1061 LML33, DC10). Il driver funziona codificando il frame in jpeg e mandandolo poi
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1062 alla scheda. Per la codifica jpeg è usato <B>libavcodec</B>,
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1063 ed è quindi necessario.</P>
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parents:
diff changeset
1064
4961
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parents: 4939
diff changeset
1065 <P>Questo driver dialoga col driver del kernel disponibile a
4867
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1066 <A HREF="http://mjpeg.sourceforge.net">http://mjpeg.sourceforge.net</A>, quindi
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1067 devi far funzionare questo prima. Poi ricompila <B>MPlayer</B> con
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1068 <CODE>--enable-zr</CODE>.</P>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1069
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parents:
diff changeset
1070 <P>Alcune osservazioni:
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1071 <UL>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1072 <LI>non iniziare o fermare XawTV sul dispositivo di riproduzione durante la stessa,
4961
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parents: 4939
diff changeset
1073 bloccherà il tuo computer. Va comunque bene far partire <B>PRIMA</B>
4867
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1074 XawTV, e <B>POI</B> <B>MPlayer</B>, aspettare che <B>MPlayer</B> finisca e
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1075 <B>POI</B> fermare XawTV.</LI>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1076 <LI>questo driver aggiunge le opzioni <CODE>-zr*</CODE> alla linea di comando. La spiegazione di
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1077 queste opzioni può essere visualizzata con <CODE>-zrhelp</CODE>. E' possibile tagliare
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1078 il frame di input (tagliare i bordi per adattarlo o migliorare le prestazioni)
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1079 e fare altre cose.</LI>
4961
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parents: 4939
diff changeset
1080 <LI>Il driver prende i dati nei formati YV12 e YUY2. Questo significa che alcuni
4867
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parents:
diff changeset
1081 codec non funzioneranno. Alcuni vecchi codec VfW (Video for Windows), per esempio,
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1082 non sono compatibili con questo driver. Il messaggio d'errore che vedrai è:
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1083 <CODE>Sorry, selected video_out device is incompatible with this codec.
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parents:
diff changeset
1084 </CODE></LI>
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parents:
diff changeset
1085 <LI>OSD non è attualmente supportato, quindi non vedrai i
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1086 sottotitoli.</LI>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1087 </UL>
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parents:
diff changeset
1088 </P>
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parents:
diff changeset
1089
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parents:
diff changeset
1090
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parents:
diff changeset
1091
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parents:
diff changeset
1092 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.A>2.3.1.A. Supporto TV-out</A></B></P>
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parents:
diff changeset
1093
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parents:
diff changeset
1094 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.A.1>2.3.1.A.1. Schede Matrox</A></B></P>
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parents:
diff changeset
1095
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diff changeset
1096 <P>Sotto Linux hai due modi per far funzionare l'output TV :</P>
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parents:
diff changeset
1097
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parents:
diff changeset
1098 <P>
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parents:
diff changeset
1099 <UL>
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parents:
diff changeset
1100 <LI><B>XFree86</B>: usando il driver e il modulo HAL, disponibile al
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1101 <A HREF="http://www.matrox.com">sito della Matrox</A>. Questo ti darà X sulla
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1102 TV.<BR> <B>Questo metodo non da una riproduzione accelerata</B> come
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1103 sotto Windoze! Il secondo connettore ha solo il framebuffer YUV, il <I>BES</I>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1104 (Back End Scaler, il ridimensionatore YUV sulle schede G200/G400/G450/G550) non funziona
4961
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parents: 4939
diff changeset
1105 su questo! Il driver per windows in qualche modo aggira questo problema, probabilmente usando il motore
4867
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1106 3D per zoomare, e il framebuffer YUV per visualizzare l'immagine zoomata.
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1107 Se vuoi veramente usare X, usa le opzioni <CODE>-vo x11 -fs -zoom</CODE>,
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1108 ma sarà <B>LENTO</B>, e ha la protezione da copia <B>Macrovision</B>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1109 abilitata (puoi "aggirare" Macrovision usando
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1110 <A HREF="http://avifile.sourceforge.net/mgamacro.pl">questo</A> script perl.
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1111 </LI>
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parents:
diff changeset
1112 <LI><B>Framebuffer</B>: usando i <B>moduli matroxfb</B> dei kernel 2.4.
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1113 I kernel 2.2 non hanno la possibilità di usare il TVout, quindi sono inutili per questo.
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1114 Devi abilitare TUTTE le voci relative al matroxfb durante la compilazione (eccetto il
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1115 MultiHead), e compilarle come <B>moduli</B>!
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1116 <UL>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1117 <LI>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1118 Entra in <CODE>TVout/matroxset</CODE> e fai <CODE>make</CODE>. Installa
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1119 <CODE>matroxset</CODE> da qualche parte nel tuo PATH.</LI>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1120 <LI>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1121 Se non hai <CODE>fbset</CODE> installato, entra in
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1122 <CODE>TVout/fbset</CODE> e fai <CODE>make</CODE>. Installa
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1123 <CODE>fbset</CODE> da qualche parte nel tuo PATH.</LI>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1124 <LI>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1125 Poi entra nella directory <CODE>TVout/</CODE> dei sorgenti di <B>MPlayer</B>,
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1126 ed esegui <CODE>./modules</CODE> da root. La tua console in modalità testo
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1127 entrerà in modalità framebuffer (non si può tornare indietro!).</LI>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1128 <LI>Quindi, esegui lo script <CODE>./matroxtv</CODE>. Questo ti presenterà un
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1129 menu molto semplice. Premi <B>2</B> e <B>ENTER</B>. Ora dovresti avere la stessa immagine
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1130 sul monitor e sulla TV. L'opzione <B>3.</B>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1131 cambierà al display indipendente, ma a quel punto <B>non puoi usare X</B>! Se
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1132 l'immagine della TV (PAL !) ha delle strane strisce, lo script non è stato in grado di
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1133 settare correttamente la risoluzione (a 640x512 di default). Usa altre voci del menu
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1134 a caso e andrà a posto :)</LI>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1135 </UL>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1136
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parents:
diff changeset
1137 <P>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1138 Yoh. Il prossimo compito è quello di far scomparire il cursore su tty1 (o quello che è),
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1139 e disattivare lo spegnimento dello schermo. Esegui i seguenti comandi:</P>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1140
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1141 <P>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1142 <CODE>echo -e '\033[?25l'</CODE> o <CODE>setterm -cursor off<BR>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1143 setterm -blank 0</CODE>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1144 </P>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1145
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parents:
diff changeset
1146 <P>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1147 Probabilmente vorrai metterli in uno script, e anche pulire lo
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1148 schermo.. Per riavere il cursore :<BR><CODE>echo -e '\033[?25h'</CODE>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1149 o <CODE>setterm -cursor on</CODE>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1150 </P>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1151
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1152 <P>Inizia la riproduzione del filmato con <CODE>mplayer -vo mga -fs -screenw 640
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1153 -screenh 512 &lt;nomefile&gt;</CODE><BR>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1154 (se usi X, ora cambia a matroxfb con per esempio CTRL-ALT-F1 !)<BR>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1155 Cambia 640x512 se hai impostato la risoluzione diversamente..<BR>
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parents:
diff changeset
1156 <B>Goditi l' ultra-veloce output TV Matrox (meglio di Xv) !</B>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1157 </P>
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parents:
diff changeset
1158 </LI>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1159 </LI>
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parents:
diff changeset
1160 </UL>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1161 </P>
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parents:
diff changeset
1162
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1163
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parents:
diff changeset
1164 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.A.2>2.3.1.A.2. Schede ATI</A></B></P>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1165
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1166 <P>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1167 <b>Poche parole sul TV-out di ATI:</b><BR>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1168 Attualmente ATI non vuole supportare nessuno dei suoi chip TV-out sotto Linux.
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1169 Sotto c'è la risposta ufficiale di ATI Inc.:
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1170
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1171 <P>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1172 <code>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1173 <i>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1174 <br>&gt; Ciao!
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1175 <br>&gt;
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1176 <br>&gt; Sulle vostre pagine scrivete che supportate gli sviluppatori linux.
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1177 <br>&gt; Attualmente partecipo al progetto mplayer (www.mplayerhq.hu)
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1178 <br>&gt; Sono interessato ad abilitare il TV-out su chip Radeon VE durante
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1179 <br>&gt; la riproduzione di filmati. Sarebbe bello aggiungere questa caratteristica al driver radeonfb
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1180 <br>&gt; (che si trova nell'albero CVS del progetto mplayer in main/drivers/radeon).
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1181 <br>&gt; Ho la possibilità di avere della documentazione tecnica ufficiale?
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1182 </i>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1183 <br>Non possiamo fornire documentazione relativa al TV out a causa della presenza di macrovision.
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1184 <br>Anche il decoding mpeg2 è qualcosa che POTREMMO considerare nel futuro ma non
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1185 <br>al momento. Questo è dovuto ancora a informazioni proprietarie e di terze
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1186 <br>parti.
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1187 </code>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1188 </P>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1189
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parents:
diff changeset
1190 <P>Peccato vero?</P>
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parents:
diff changeset
1191
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parents:
diff changeset
1192 <P>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1193 <code>
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parents:
diff changeset
1194 <B>D:Cos'è Macrovision?</B><BR>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1195 R:E' un meccanismo di protezione dalla copia.</code>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1196 </P>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1197
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diff changeset
1198 <P>Significa che se loro rilasciano qualunque informazione relativa al TV-out allora gli
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parents:
diff changeset
1199 hacker saranno in grado di disabilitare la protezione dalla copia sui loro chip. Quindi
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parents:
diff changeset
1200 non abbiamo possibilità di far funzionare il TV-out sulle ATI.</P>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1201
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1202 <P>Qual'è lo stato dei chip tv-out ATI sotto Linux:
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parents:
diff changeset
1203 <LI><b>ATI Mach64</b> ha <i>ImpacTV</i> che è supportato da <A HREF="http://gatos.sf.net">gatos</A>.
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1204 <LI><b>ASIC Radeon VIVO</b> ha <i>Rage Theatre</i> che è supportato da <A HREF="http://gatos.sf.net">gatos</A>.
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1205 <LI><b>Radeon VE</b> e <b>Rage PRO LT</b> hanno <i>ImpacTV2+</i> che non è supportato sotto Linux.
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1206 Ma con <B>MPlayer</B> ottieni <B>piena accelerazione hardware</B> e <B>TV out</B>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1207 per le Radeon !
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1208 Guarda le sezioni <a href=#2.3.1.12>driver VESA</a> e <A HREF=#2.3.1.14>accelerazione Radeon
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1209 </A>.</P>
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parents:
diff changeset
1210
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parents:
diff changeset
1211 <P>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1212 Fortunatamente, i possessori di CPU abbastanza potenti (Duron, Celeron2 e migliori) <b>possono vedere
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1213 i film sulla TV</b> attraverso i <a href=#2.3.1.12>driver VESA</a>.
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parents:
diff changeset
1214 </P>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1215
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1216 <P>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1217 Dovrei dire anche delle buone parole a ATI Inc. :<br>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1218 <b>producono dei BIOS della migliore qualità.</b>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1219 </P>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1220
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parents:
diff changeset
1221 <P>
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1222 I <b>driver VESA</b> non usano nessuna accelerazione hardware ma simulano
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1223 <b>DGA</b> con una finestra di 64K, che è configurata con le funzioni a 32-bit
4961
c8a3e58a43d8 corrected typos and bad italian...
frodone
parents: 4939
diff changeset
1224 del BIOS. Le schede ATI hanno una <b>memoria video</b> abbastanza veloce (chip DIMM o DDR
4867
2729796fb896 Italian translation
frodone
parents:
diff changeset
1225 con accesso a 64 - 128-bit) quindi non è un collo di bottiglia per loro. Non ci sono limitazioni
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1226 per la scelta della modalità video da mostrare sulla TV (come in altre
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1227 schede) quindi puoi usare <b>qualunque modalità video</b> sulla tua <b>TV</b> (da
2729796fb896 Italian translation
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parents:
diff changeset
1228 <b>320x200</b> fino a <b>1024x768</b>).<br>
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1229 D'altra parte (si sa con certezza almeno per le <b>Radeon</b>) c'è una modalità <b>DGA</b>
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1230 che è riconosciuta automaticamente e in questo caso otterrai una velocità paragonabile a quella
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1231 dei driver <b>-vo dga</b> e <b>-vo fbdev</b>.<br>
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1232 L'unica cosa che devi fare - <b>connettere la TV prima di avviare il tuo
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1233 PC</b> in quanto il BIOS video si inizializza una sola volta durante la procedura di POST.
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1234 </P>
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1235
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1236 <P>
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1237 Per dettagli vedi le sezioni <a href="video.html#2.3.1.12">VESA</a> di questa
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1238 documentazione.
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1239 </P>
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1240
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1241
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1242 <P><B><A NAME=2.3.1.A.3>2.3.1.A.3. Voodoo 3</A></B></P>
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1243
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1244 <P>
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1245 Guarda a <A HREF="http://www.iki.fi/too/tvout-voodoo3-3000-xfree">questa URL</A>.
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1246 </P>
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1247
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1248 </BODY>
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1249 </HTML>