Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/xml/en/formats.xml @ 12957:f5dd97090f64
fibmap_mplayer is long obsolete, noticed by Torinthiel.
author | diego |
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date | Wed, 04 Aug 2004 16:16:48 +0000 |
parents | 111a9feec18c |
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9675 | 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?> |
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2 <!-- $Revision$ --> |
9675 | 3 <sect1 id="formats"> |
4 <title>Supported formats</title> | |
5 | |
6 <para> | |
7 It is important to clarify a common mistake. When people see a file with a | |
8 <filename>.AVI</filename> extension, they immediately conclude that it is | |
9 not an MPEG file. That is not true. At least not entirely. Contrary to | |
10 popular belief such a file <emphasis>can</emphasis> contain MPEG1 video. | |
11 </para> | |
12 | |
13 <para> | |
14 You see, a <emphasis role="bold">codec</emphasis> is not the same as a | |
15 <emphasis role="bold">file format</emphasis>. | |
16 Examples of video <emphasis role="bold">codecs</emphasis> are: MPEG1, MPEG2, DivX, Indeo5, 3ivx. | |
17 Examples of file <emphasis role="bold">formats</emphasis> are: MPG, AVI, ASF. | |
18 </para> | |
19 | |
20 <para> | |
21 In theory, you can put an OpenDivX video and MP3 audio | |
22 into an <emphasis role="bold">MPG format file</emphasis>. However, most | |
23 players will not play it, since they expect MPEG1 video and MP2 audio (unlike | |
24 <emphasis role="bold">AVI</emphasis>, <emphasis role="bold">MPG</emphasis> | |
25 does not have the necessary fields to describe its video and audio streams). | |
26 Or you might put MPEG1 video into an AVI file. | |
27 <ulink url="http://ffmpeg.sourceforge.net/">FFmpeg</ulink> and | |
11540 | 28 <link linkend="mencoder"><application>MEncoder</application></link> can create these files. |
9675 | 29 </para> |
30 | |
31 | |
32 <sect2 id="video-formats"> | |
33 <title>Video formats</title> | |
34 | |
35 <sect3 id="mpg-vob-dat"> | |
36 <title>MPEG files</title> | |
37 | |
38 <para> | |
39 MPEG files come in different guises: | |
40 </para> | |
41 | |
42 <itemizedlist> | |
43 <listitem><simpara> | |
44 MPG: This is the most <emphasis role="bold">basic</emphasis> form of the | |
45 MPEG file formats. It contains MPEG1 video, and MP2 (MPEG-1 layer 2) or | |
46 rarely MP1 audio. | |
47 </simpara></listitem> | |
48 <listitem><simpara> | |
49 DAT: This is the very same format as MPG with a different extension. It | |
50 is used on <emphasis role="bold">Video CDs</emphasis>. Due to the way VCDs | |
51 are created and Linux is designed, the DAT files cannot be played nor copied | |
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52 from VCDs as regular files. You have to use <option>vcd://</option> |
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53 to play a Video CD. |
9675 | 54 </simpara></listitem> |
55 <listitem><simpara> | |
56 VOB: This is the MPEG file format on <emphasis role="bold">DVDs</emphasis>. | |
57 It is the same as MPG, plus the capability to contain subtitles or non-MPEG | |
58 (AC3) audio. It contains encoded MPEG2 video and usually AC3 audio, but DTS, | |
9683 | 59 MP2 and uncompressed LPCM are allowed, too. <emphasis role="bold">Read the |
11483 | 60 <link linkend="dvd">DVD</link> section</emphasis>! |
9675 | 61 </simpara></listitem> |
62 </itemizedlist> | |
63 | |
64 <para> | |
65 Series of frames form independent groups in MPEG files. This means that you | |
66 can cut/join an MPEG file with standard file tools (like | |
67 <command>dd</command>, <command>cut</command>), and it remains completely | |
68 functional. | |
69 </para> | |
70 | |
71 <para> | |
72 One important feature of MPGs is that they have a field to describe the | |
73 aspect ratio of the video stream within. For example SVCDs have 480x480 | |
74 resolution video, and in the header that field is set to 4:3, so that it is | |
75 played at 640x480. AVI files do not have this field, so they have to be | |
76 rescaled during encoding or played with the <option>-aspect</option> | |
77 option. | |
78 </para> | |
79 </sect3> | |
80 | |
81 | |
82 <sect3 id="avi"> | |
83 <title>AVI files</title> | |
84 | |
85 <para> | |
86 Designed by Microsoft, <emphasis role="bold">AVI (Audio Video Interleaved)</emphasis> | |
87 is a widespread multipurpose format currently used mostly for DivX and DivX4 | |
88 video. It has many known drawbacks and shortcomings (for example in streaming). It | |
89 supports one video stream and 0 to 99 audio streams and can be as big as | |
9683 | 90 2GB, but there exists an extension allowing bigger files called |
91 <emphasis role="bold">OpenDML</emphasis>. Microsoft currently strongly | |
92 discourages its use and encourages ASF/WMV. Not that anybody cares. | |
9675 | 93 </para> |
94 | |
95 <para> | |
96 There is a hack that allows AVI files to contain an Ogg Vorbis audio | |
97 stream, but makes them incompatible with standard AVI. | |
98 <application>MPlayer</application> supports playing these files. Seeking is | |
99 also implemented but severely hampered by badly encoded files with | |
100 confusing headers. Unfortunately the only encoder currently capable of | |
101 creating these files, <application>NanDub</application>, has this problem. | |
102 </para> | |
103 | |
104 <note> | |
105 <para> | |
106 DV cameras create raw DV streams that DV grabbing utilities convert to two | |
107 different types of AVI files. The AVI will then contain either separate | |
108 audio and video streams that <application>MPlayer</application> can play or | |
109 the raw DV stream for which support is under development. | |
110 </para> | |
111 </note> | |
112 | |
113 <para> | |
114 There are two kinds of AVI files: | |
115 <itemizedlist> | |
116 <listitem><simpara> | |
117 <emphasis role="bold">Interleaved:</emphasis> Audio and video content is | |
118 interleaved. This is the standard usage. Recommended and mostly used. Some tools | |
119 create interleaved AVIs with bad sync. <application>MPlayer</application> | |
120 detects these as interleaved, and this climaxes in loss of A/V sync, | |
121 probably at seeking. These files should be played as non-interleaved | |
122 (with the <option>-ni</option> option). | |
123 </simpara></listitem> | |
124 <listitem><simpara> | |
125 <emphasis role="bold">Non-interleaved:</emphasis> First comes the whole | |
126 video stream, then the whole audio stream. It thus needs a lot of seeking, | |
127 making playing from network or CD-ROM difficult. | |
128 </simpara></listitem> | |
129 </itemizedlist> | |
130 </para> | |
131 | |
132 <para> | |
133 <application>MPlayer</application> supports two kinds of timings for AVI | |
134 files: | |
135 <itemizedlist> | |
136 <listitem><simpara> | |
137 <emphasis role="bold">bps-based:</emphasis> It is based on the | |
138 bitrate/samplerate of the video/audio stream. This method is used by | |
139 most players, including <ulink url="http://avifile.sourceforge.net">avifile</ulink> | |
140 and <application>Windows Media Player</application>. Files with broken | |
141 headers, and files created with VBR audio but not VBR-compliant encoder | |
142 will result in A/V desync with this method (mostly at seeking). | |
143 </simpara></listitem> | |
144 <listitem><simpara> | |
145 <emphasis role="bold">interleaving-based:</emphasis> It does not use the bitrate | |
146 value of the header, instead it uses the relative position of interleaved | |
147 audio and video chunks, making badly encoded files with VBR audio playable. | |
148 </simpara></listitem> | |
149 </itemizedlist> | |
150 </para> | |
151 | |
152 <para> | |
153 Any audio and video codec is allowed, but note that VBR audio is not well | |
154 supported by most players. The file format makes it possible to use VBR | |
155 audio, but most players expect CBR audio, thus they fail with VBR. VBR is | |
156 uncommon and Microsoft's AVI specs only describe CBR audio. I also noticed | |
157 that most AVI encoders/multiplexers create bad files when using VBR audio. | |
11540 | 158 There are only two known exceptions: <application>NanDub</application> and |
159 <link linkend="mencoder"><application>MEncoder</application></link>. | |
9675 | 160 </para> |
161 </sect3> | |
162 | |
163 | |
164 <sect3 id="asf-wmv"> | |
165 <title>ASF/WMV files</title> | |
166 <para> | |
167 ASF (Active Streaming Format) comes from Microsoft. They developed two | |
168 variants of ASF, v1.0 and v2.0. v1.0 is used by their media tools (<application>Windows | |
169 Media Player</application> and <application>Windows Media Encoder</application>) | |
170 and is very secret. v2.0 is published and patented :). Of course they differ, | |
171 there is no compatibility at all (it is just another legal game). | |
172 <application>MPlayer</application> supports only v1.0, as nobody has ever seen | |
173 v2.0 files :). Note that ASF files nowadays come with the extension | |
174 <filename>.WMA</filename> or <filename>.WMV</filename>. | |
175 </para> | |
176 </sect3> | |
177 | |
178 | |
179 <sect3 id="qt-mov"> | |
180 <title>QuickTime/MOV files</title> | |
181 | |
182 <para> | |
183 These formats were designed by Apple and can contain any codec, CBR or VBR. | |
184 They usually have a <filename>.QT</filename> or <filename>.MOV</filename> | |
185 extension. Note that since the MPEG4 group chose QuickTime as the recommended | |
186 file format for MPEG4, their MOV files come with a <filename>.MPG</filename> or | |
187 <filename>.MP4</filename> extension (Interestingly the video and audio | |
9683 | 188 streams in these files are real MPG and AAC files. You can even extract them with the |
9675 | 189 <option>-dumpvideo</option> and <option>-dumpaudio</option> options.). |
190 </para> | |
191 | |
192 <note> | |
193 <para> | |
194 Most new QuickTime files use <emphasis role="bold">Sorenson</emphasis> video and | |
195 QDesign Music audio. See our <link linkend="sorenson">Sorenson</link> codec section. | |
196 </para> | |
197 </note> | |
198 </sect3> | |
199 | |
200 | |
201 <sect3 id="vivo"> | |
202 <title>VIVO files</title> | |
203 | |
204 <para> | |
205 <application>MPlayer</application> happily demuxes VIVO file formats. The | |
206 biggest disadvantage of the format is that it has no index block, nor a | |
207 fixed packet size or sync bytes and most files lack even keyframes, so | |
208 forget seeking! | |
209 </para> | |
210 | |
211 <para> | |
212 The video codec of VIVO/1.0 files is standard <emphasis role="bold">h.263</emphasis>. | |
213 The video codec of VIVO/2.0 files is a modified, nonstandard | |
214 <emphasis role="bold">h.263v2</emphasis>. The audio is the same, it may be | |
215 <emphasis role="bold">g.723 (standard)</emphasis>, or | |
216 <emphasis role="bold">Vivo Siren</emphasis>. | |
217 </para> | |
218 | |
219 <para> | |
220 See the | |
221 <link linkend="vivo-video">VIVO video codec</link> and | |
222 <link linkend="vivo-audio">VIVO audio codec</link> | |
223 sections for installation instructions. | |
224 </para> | |
225 </sect3> | |
226 | |
227 | |
228 <sect3 id="fli"> | |
229 <title>FLI files</title> | |
230 <para> | |
231 <emphasis role="bold">FLI</emphasis> is a very old file format used by | |
232 Autodesk Animator, but it is a common file format for short animations on the net. | |
233 <application>MPlayer</application> demuxes and decodes FLI movies and is | |
234 even able to seek within them (useful when looping with the | |
235 <option>-loop</option> option). FLI files do not have keyframes, so the | |
236 picture will be messy for a short time after seeking. | |
237 </para> | |
238 </sect3> | |
239 | |
240 | |
241 <sect3 id="realmedia"> | |
242 <title>RealMedia (RM) files</title> | |
243 | |
244 <para> | |
245 Yes, <application>MPlayer</application> can read (demux) RealMedia | |
12690 | 246 (<filename>.rm</filename>) files. |
247 Here are the lists of the supported <link | |
9675 | 248 linkend="realvideo">RealVideo</link> and <link |
249 linkend="realaudio">RealAudio</link> codecs. | |
250 </para> | |
251 </sect3> | |
252 | |
253 | |
254 <sect3 id="nuppelvideo"> | |
255 <title>NuppelVideo files</title> | |
256 <para> | |
257 <ulink url="http://mars.tuwien.ac.at/~roman/nuppelvideo">NuppelVideo</ulink> | |
258 is a TV grabber tool (AFAIK:). <application>MPlayer</application> can read | |
259 its <filename>.NUV</filename> files (only NuppelVideo 5.0). Those files can | |
260 contain uncompressed YV12, YV12+RTJpeg compressed, YV12 RTJpeg+lzo | |
261 compressed, and YV12+lzo compressed frames. | |
262 <application>MPlayer</application> decodes (and also <emphasis role="bold">encodes</emphasis> | |
263 them with <application>MEncoder</application> to DivX/etc!) them all. Seeking works. | |
264 </para> | |
265 </sect3> | |
266 | |
267 | |
268 <sect3 id="yuv4mpeg"> | |
269 <title>yuv4mpeg files</title> | |
270 <para> | |
271 <ulink url="http://mjpeg.sourceforge.net">yuv4mpeg / yuv4mpeg2</ulink> | |
272 is a file format used by the | |
273 <ulink url="http://mjpeg.sf.net">mjpegtools programs</ulink>. | |
274 You can grab, produce, filter or encode video in this format using these tools. | |
275 The file format is really a sequence of uncompressed YUV 4:2:0 images. | |
276 </para> | |
277 </sect3> | |
278 | |
279 | |
280 <sect3 id="film"> | |
281 <title>FILM files</title> | |
282 <para> | |
283 This format is used on old Sega Saturn CD-ROM games. | |
284 </para> | |
285 </sect3> | |
286 | |
287 | |
288 <sect3 id="roq"> | |
289 <title>RoQ files</title> | |
290 <para> | |
291 RoQ files are multimedia files used in some ID games such as Quake III and | |
292 Return to Castle Wolfenstein. | |
293 </para> | |
294 </sect3> | |
295 | |
296 | |
297 <sect3 id="ogg"> | |
298 <title>OGG/OGM files</title> | |
299 <para> | |
300 This is a new fileformat from <ulink url="http://www.xiph.org">Xiphophorus</ulink>. | |
301 It can contain any video or audio codec, CBR or VBR. You'll need | |
302 <systemitem class="library">libogg</systemitem> and | |
303 <systemitem class="library">libvorbis</systemitem> installed before | |
304 compiling <application>MPlayer</application> to be able to play it. | |
305 </para> | |
306 </sect3> | |
307 | |
308 | |
309 <sect3 id="sdp"> | |
310 <title>SDP files</title> | |
311 <para> | |
312 <ulink url="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2327.txt">SDP</ulink> is an | |
313 IETF standard format for describing video and/or audio RTP streams. | |
314 (The "<ulink url="http://www.live.com/mplayer/">LIVE.COM Streaming Media</ulink>" | |
315 are required.) | |
316 </para> | |
317 </sect3> | |
318 | |
319 | |
320 <sect3 id="pva"> | |
321 <title>PVA files</title> | |
322 <para> | |
323 PVA is an MPEG-like format used by DVB TV boards' software (e.g.: | |
10679 | 324 <application>MultiDec</application>, <application>WinTV</application> under Windows). |
9675 | 325 </para> |
326 | |
327 <para> | |
328 The PVA specifications can be downloaded from the following address: | |
329 <ulink url="http://www.technotrend.de/download/av_format_v1.pdf"/> | |
330 </para> | |
331 </sect3> | |
332 | |
333 | |
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334 <sect3 id="nsv"> |
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335 <title>NSV files</title> |
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336 <para> |
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337 NSV (NullSoft Video) is the file format used by the |
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338 <application>Winamp</application> player to stream audio and video. |
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339 Video is VP3, VP5 or VP6, audio is MP3, AAC or VLB. |
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340 The audio only version of NSV has the <filename>.nsa</filename> extension. |
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341 <application>MPlayer</application> can play both NSV streams and files. |
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342 Please note that most files from the |
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343 <ulink url="http://www.winamp.com">Winamp site</ulink> use VLB audio, that |
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344 can't be decoded yet. Moreover streams from that site need an extra |
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345 depacketization layer that still has to be implemented (those files are |
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346 unplayable anyway because they use VLB audio). |
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347 </para> |
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348 </sect3> |
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349 |
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350 |
9675 | 351 <sect3 id="gif"> |
352 <title>GIF files</title> | |
353 <para> | |
354 The <emphasis role="bold">GIF</emphasis> format is a common format for web | |
355 graphics. There are two versions of the GIF spec, GIF87a and GIF89a. The | |
11540 | 356 main difference is that GIF89a allows for animation. <application>MPlayer</application> |
357 supports both formats through use of <systemitem class="library">libungif</systemitem> or | |
9675 | 358 another libgif-compatible library. Non-animated GIFs will be displayed as |
359 single frame videos. (Use the <option>-loop</option> and <option>-fixed-vo</option> | |
360 options to display these longer.) | |
361 </para> | |
362 | |
363 <para> | |
364 <application>MPlayer</application> currently does not support seeking in GIF | |
365 files. GIF files do not necessarily have a fixed frame size, nor a fixed | |
366 framerate. Rather, each frame is of independent size and is supposed to be | |
367 positioned in a certain place on a field of fixed-size. The framerate is | |
368 controlled by an optional block before each frame that specifies the next | |
369 frame's delay in centiseconds. | |
370 </para> | |
371 | |
372 <para> | |
373 Standard GIF files contain 24-bit RGB frames with at most an 8-bit indexed | |
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374 palette. These frames are usually LZW-compressed, although some GIF encoders |
9675 | 375 produce uncompressed frames to avoid patent issues with LZW compression. |
376 </para> | |
377 | |
378 <para> | |
379 If your distribution does not come with <systemitem class="library">libungif</systemitem>, | |
380 download a copy from the | |
381 <ulink url="http://prtr-13.ucsc.edu/~badger/software/libungif/index.shtml">libungif | |
382 homepage</ulink>. For detailed technical information, have a look at the | |
383 <ulink url="http://www.w3.org/Graphics/GIF/spec-gif89a.txt">GIF89a specification</ulink>. | |
384 </para> | |
385 </sect3> | |
386 </sect2> | |
387 | |
388 <!-- ********** --> | |
389 | |
390 <sect2 id="audio-formats"> | |
391 <title>Audio formats</title> | |
392 | |
393 <para> | |
394 <application>MPlayer</application> is a <emphasis role="bold">movie</emphasis> | |
395 and not a <emphasis role="bold">media</emphasis> player, although it can play | |
396 some audio file formats (they are listed in the sections below). This is not | |
397 a recommended usage of <application>MPlayer</application>, you better use <ulink | |
398 url="http://www.xmms.org">XMMS</ulink>. | |
399 </para> | |
400 | |
401 <sect3 id="mp3"> | |
402 <title>MP3 files</title> | |
403 <para> | |
404 You may have problems playing certain MP3 files that | |
405 <application>MPlayer</application> will misdetect as MPEGs and play | |
406 incorrectly or not at all. This cannot be fixed without dropping support | |
407 for certain broken MPEG files and thus will remain like this for the | |
408 foreseeable future. The <option>-demuxer</option> flag described in the | |
11731 | 409 man page may help you in these cases. |
9675 | 410 </para> |
411 </sect3> | |
412 | |
413 <sect3 id="wav"> | |
414 <title>WAV files</title> | |
415 <para> | |
416 </para> | |
417 </sect3> | |
418 | |
419 <sect3 id="ogg-vorbis"> | |
420 <title>OGG/OGM files (Vorbis)</title> | |
421 <para> | |
422 Requires properly installed | |
423 <systemitem class="library">libogg</systemitem> and | |
424 <systemitem class="library">libvorbis</systemitem>. | |
425 </para> | |
426 </sect3> | |
427 | |
428 <sect3 id="wma-asf"> | |
429 <title>WMA/ASF files</title> | |
430 <para> | |
431 </para> | |
432 </sect3> | |
433 | |
434 <sect3 id="mp4"> | |
435 <title>MP4 files</title> | |
436 <para></para> | |
437 </sect3> | |
438 | |
439 <sect3 id="cdda"> | |
440 <title>CD audio</title> | |
441 <para> | |
442 <application>MPlayer</application> can use <application>cdparanoia</application> | |
443 to play CDDA (Audio CD). The scope of this section does not contain enumerating | |
444 <application>cdparanoia</application>'s features. | |
445 </para> | |
446 | |
447 <para> | |
448 See the man page's <option>-cdda</option> option which can be used to pass | |
449 options to <application>cdparanoia</application>. | |
450 </para> | |
451 </sect3> | |
452 | |
453 <sect3 id="xmms"> | |
454 <title>XMMS</title> | |
455 <para> | |
456 <application>MPlayer</application> can use <application>XMMS</application> input | |
457 plugins to play many file formats. There are plugins for SNES game tunes, SID | |
458 tunes (from Commodore 64), many Amiga formats, .xm, .it, VQF, musepack, Bonk, | |
459 shorten and many others. You can find them at the | |
460 <ulink url="http://www.xmms.org/plugins_input.html">XMMS input plugin page</ulink>. | |
461 </para> | |
462 | |
463 <para> | |
464 For this feature you need to have <application>XMMS</application> and compile | |
465 <application>MPlayer</application> with <filename>./configure --enable-xmms</filename>. | |
466 If that does not work, you might need to set the <application>XMMS</application> | |
467 plugin and library path explicitly by way of the <option>--with-xmmsplugindir</option> | |
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Configure option typo found by Piotr Michniewski <cobra_666@poczta.onet.pl>
diego
parents:
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changeset
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468 and <option>--with-xmmslibdir</option> options. |
9675 | 469 </para> |
470 </sect3> | |
471 </sect2> | |
472 </sect1> |