annotate DOCS/xml/zh_CN/cd-dvd.xml @ 23624:f86b9bcf2d03

Return value of gtk_entry_get_text is const, so declare variables as const as well.
author reimar
date Sun, 24 Jun 2007 12:43:45 +0000
parents 793af3b2cfd4
children
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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2 <!-- synced with r21612 -->
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3 <chapter id="cd-dvd">
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4 <title>CD/DVD用法</title>
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5
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6 <sect1 id="drives">
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7 <title>CD/DVD驱动器</title>
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8
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9 <para>
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10 现代的CD-ROM驱动器能达到很高的速度,然而一些CD-ROM也可以在降低速度下运行。
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11 有几条原因可能使你考虑改变CD-ROM的读盘速度:
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12 </para>
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13
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14 <itemizedlist>
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15 <listitem><para>
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16 有报告称告诉读取可产生错误,尤其是制作恶劣的CD-ROM。降低速度可以防止这些
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17 情况下的数据丢失。
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18 </para></listitem>
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19
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20 <listitem><para>
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21 许多CD-ROM驱动器有很讨厌的噪音,低俗可以降低这些噪音。
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22 </para></listitem>
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23 </itemizedlist>
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24
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25 <!-- ********** -->
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26
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27 <sect2 id="drives_linux">
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28 <title>Linux</title>
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29
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30 <para>
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31 你可以使用<command>hdparm</command>,<command>setcd</command>或
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32 <command>cdctl</command>以减慢IDE CD-ROM的驱动器。使用方法如下:
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33 <screen>hdparm -E <replaceable>[speed]</replaceable> <replaceable>[cdrom device]</replaceable></screen>
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34 <screen>setcd -x <replaceable>[speed]</replaceable> <replaceable>[cdrom device]</replaceable></screen>
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35 <screen>cdctl -bS <replaceable>[speed]</replaceable></screen>
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36 </para>
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37
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38 <para>
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39 如果你使用SCSI模拟,你必须把设置应用到真正的IDE驱动器,不是被
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40 模拟的SCSI设备。
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41 </para>
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42
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43 <para>
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44 如果你有root权限,下面的命令也可能有帮助:
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45 <screen>echo file_readahead:2000000 &gt; /proc/ide/<replaceable>[cdrom device]</replaceable>/settings</screen>
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46 </para>
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47
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48 <para>
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49 这将预读取的文件设置为2MB,这对有划痕的CD-ROM有帮助。如果你设置
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50 的太大,驱动器会不断来回转动,极大降低性能。
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51 推荐你使用<command>hdparm</command>调整你的CD-ROM:
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52 <screen>hdparm -d1 -a8 -u1 <replaceable>[cdrom device]</replaceable></screen>
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53 </para>
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54
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55 <para>
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56 这开启了DMA读取,预读,以及IRQ遮盖(对于详细解释阅读
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57 <command>hdparm</command>man页)。
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58 </para>
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59
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60 <para>
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61 请阅读
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62 "<filename>/proc/ide/<replaceable>[cdrom device]</replaceable>/settings</filename>"
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63 以很好调整你的CD-ROM。
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64 </para>
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65
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66 <para>
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67 SCSI驱动器没有统一设置参数的方法(你知道?告诉我们!),有一个工具
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68 <ulink url="http://das.ist.org/~georg/">Plextor SCSI drives</ulink>可参照。
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69 </para>
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70 </sect2>
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71
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72 <!-- ********** -->
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73
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74 <sect2 id="drives_freebsd">
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75 <title>FreeBSD</title>
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76
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77 <para>speed:
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78 <screen>
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79 cdcontrol [-f <replaceable>device</replaceable>] speed <replaceable>[speed]</replaceable>
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80 </screen>
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81 </para>
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82
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83 <para>DMA:
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84 <screen>
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85 sysctl hw.ata.atapi_dma=1
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86 </screen>
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87 </para>
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88
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89 </sect2>
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90
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91 </sect1>
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92
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93
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94 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -->
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95
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96
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97 <sect1 id="dvd">
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98 <title>DVD回放</title>
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99
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100 <para>
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101 对于完整的可用选项,请阅读man页。
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102 播放标准DVD的语法如下:
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103 <screen>
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104 mplayer dvd://<replaceable>&lt;track&gt;</replaceable> [-dvd-device <replaceable>&lt;device&gt;</replaceable>]
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105 </screen>
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106 </para>
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107
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108 <para>
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109 例如:
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110 <screen>mplayer dvd://1 -dvd-device /dev/hdc</screen>
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111 </para>
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112
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113 <para>
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114 如果你使用dvdnav支持编译<application>MPlayer</application>,语法是一样的,但你要用
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115 dvdnav://而不用dvd://。
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116 </para>
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117
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118 <para>
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119 默认的DVD设备是<filename>/dev/dvd</filename>。如果你的设置不同,创建
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120 个连接或者在命令行中用<option>-dvd-device</option>指定正确的设备。
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121 </para>
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122
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123 <para>
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124 对于DVD回放及解密,<application>MPlayer</application>使用
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125 <systemitem>libdvdread</systemitem>及<systemitem>libdvdcss</systemitem>
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126 这两个库在
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127 <application>MPlayer</application>的源码树中,你不必单独安装。你也可以使用
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128 全系统可用的版本,但这种做法不被推荐,因为它能导致错误,库不兼容以及更慢的
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129 速度。
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130 </para>
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131
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132 <note><para>
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133 对于DVD解码问题,尝试禁用supermount,或者其它相应特性。一些RPC-2驱动器
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134 可能还需要设置区域代码。
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135 </para></note>
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136
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137 <formalpara>
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138 <title>DVD结构</title>
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139 <para>
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140 DVD磁盘的每个簇有带有ECC/CRC的2048字节。每个轨上采用UDF文件格式,包含各种文
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141 件(小的.IFO及.BUK文件以极大的(1GB)的.VOB文件)。它们是真正的文件能从被挂
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142 载的未加密的DVD中复制/播放。
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143 </para>
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144 </formalpara>
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145
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146 <para>
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147 .IFO文件包含电影的浏览信息(章/标题/视角图,语言表等),它们被用于读及解析
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148 .VOB的内容(影片)。.BUK文件是它们的备份。他们到处使用<emphasis role="bold">簇</emphasis>,
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149 所以你需要指定光盘上真正的簇地址以完成DVD浏览或对内容进行解密。
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150 </para>
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151
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152 <para>
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153 DVD支持通过原始的对设备基于簇的访问。不幸的是,(在Linux中)要得到一个文件
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154 的簇地址,你必须是超级用户。那就是我们不使用内核的文件系统的原因,我们在用
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155 户层对此进行了重新实现。<systemitem>libdvdread</systemitem> 0.9.x完成了此项
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156 工作。我们并不需要内核中的UDF文件系统驱动因为它们已经有了自己内置的UDF文件
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157 </para>
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158
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159 <para>
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160 有时<filename>/dev/dvd</filename>对用户不可读,所以
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161 <systemitem>libdvdread</systemitem>的作者实现了一个模拟层,其实现了将簇地址
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162 提交到文件名+偏移量中,以模拟在挂载的文件系统甚至是硬盘上的直接访问。
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163 </para>
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164
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165 <para>
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166 <systemitem>libdvdread</systemitem>对于直接访问甚至支持挂载点而不是设备名并
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167 检查<filename>/proc/mounts</filename>以得到设备名称。其被开发在Solaris上,
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168 在那系统上设备名是动态分配的。
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169 </para>
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170
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171 <formalpara>
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172 <title>DVD解密</title>
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173 <para>
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174 DVD解密通过<systemitem>libdvdcss</systemitem>完成。这个方法可以通过
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175 <envar>DVDCSS_METHOD</envar>环境变量设置,具体细节参考man页。
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176 </para>
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177 </formalpara>
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178
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179 <para>
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180 RPC-1 DVD驱动器只使用软件对区域设置进行保护。RPC-2驱动器有一个硬件保护,只准
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181 许做5次更改。你可能需要或被推荐把firmware升级到RPC-1,如果你有个RPC-2 DVD驱动
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182 器。你可以在因特网上寻找firmware的升级,
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183 <ulink url="http://forum.rpc-1.com/dl_all.php">此firmware论坛</ulink>
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184 对你的搜索可能是个好起点。如果没有针对你的设备的firmware升级,使用
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185 <ulink url="http://linvdr.org/projects/regionset/">区域工具</ulink>
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186 来设置你DVD的区域码(在Linux下)。
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187 <emphasis role="bold">警告</emphasis>:你只可以设置5次区域。
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188 </para>
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189 </sect1>
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190
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191
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192 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -->
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193
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194
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195 <sect1 id="vcd">
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196 <title>VCD回放</title>
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197
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198 <para>
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199 对于可用选项的详细列表,请阅读man页。对于标准视频CD (VCD)的语法如下:
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200 <screen>mplayer vcd://<replaceable>&lt;track&gt;</replaceable> [-cdrom-device <replaceable>&lt;device&gt;</replaceable>]</screen>
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201 例如:
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202 <screen>mplayer vcd://2 -cdrom-device /dev/hdc</screen>
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203 默认的VCD设备是<filename>/dev/cdrom</filename>。如果你的设置不同,建
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204 立个连接或者在命令行通过<option>-cdrom-device</option>选项指定正确设备。
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205 </para>
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206
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207 <note><para>
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208 至少Plextor及一些Toshiba SCSI CD-ROM驱动器对读取VCD有着恐怖的性能。这是因为
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209 针对这些设备的CDROMREADRAW <systemitem>ioctl</systemitem>没有完成。如果你有
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210 SCSI编程知识,请<ulink url="../../tech/patches.txt">帮我们</ulink>实现对SCSI
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211 VCD的支持。
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212 </para></note>
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213
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214 <para>
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215 同时,你可以通过
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216 In the meantime you can extract data from VCDs with
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217 <ulink url="http://ftp.ntut.edu.tw/ftp/OS/Linux/packages/X/viewers/readvcd/">readvcd</ulink>
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218 从VCD提取数据并用<application>MPlayer</application>播放最终文件。
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219 </para>
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220
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221 <formalpara>
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222 <title>VCD结构</title>
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223 <para>
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224 视频CD (VCD)由CD-ROM XA簇组成,例如CD-ROM 模式 2
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225 表格1及2轨:
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226 <itemizedlist>
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227 <listitem><para>
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228 第一个轨道处于模式2表格2格式下,这意味着他使用L2错误恢复。此轨道含有
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229 ISO-9660文件系统,其拥有2048字节/簇。此文件系统含有VCD属性数据信息,
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230 以及经常用于菜单上的静态桢。对菜单的MPEG块也能存于这第一个轨道上,但
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231 MPEG不得不被分散成一系列的150个簇的块。ISO-9660文件系统可以包含其它
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232 对于VCD操作不重要的文件或程序。
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233 </para></listitem>
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234
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235 <listitem><para>
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236 第二及余下的轨道通常是原始的2324字节/簇的MPEG(影片)轨道,每个簇包含
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237 一个MPEG PS数据包。这些处于模式2表格1格式,所以他们没簇存储更多数据,
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238 损失了一些纠错。在一个VCD的第一个轨道后也包含CD-DA轨道也是合法的。在
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239 一些操作系统中,有些技巧是这些非ISO-9660轨道出现在文件系统中。在另外
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240 一些操作系统中如GNU/Linux,这还(未)被实现。在此,MPEG数据
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241 <emphasis role="bold">不能被挂载</emphasis>。因为大部分电影在这种轨道
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242 内,你应先试<option>vcd://2</option>。
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243 </para></listitem>
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244
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245 <listitem><para>
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246 还存在没有第一个轨道的VCD(单一轨道根本没有文件系统)。他们仍然是可
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247 播放的,但不能被挂载。
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248 </para></listitem>
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249
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250 <listitem><para>
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251 视频CD的定义被称为Philips"白皮书",它通常并不出现在网上因为它要从
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252 Philips购买。对于视频CD更详细的资料可从
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253 <ulink url="http://www.vcdimager.org/pub/vcdimager/manuals/0.7/vcdimager.html#SEC4">vcdimager文档</ulink>
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254 获取。
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255 </para></listitem>
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256 </itemizedlist>
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257 </para>
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258 </formalpara>
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259
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260 <formalpara>
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261 <title>关于.DAT文件</title>
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262 <para>
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263 被挂载的VCD上处于第一个轨道上的~600MB的文件并不是真正的文件!它是所谓的ISO网
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264 关,其被创建以便Windows处理这些轨道(Windows根本不允许应用程序直接访问原始设
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265 备)。在Linux下你不能复制或播放这些文件(它们包含垃圾)。在Windows下,这是可
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266 能的因为他的iso9660驱动模拟了在文件内直接读取轨道。要播放.DAT文件,你需要内核
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267 驱动,岂可再PowerDVD的Linux版本中找到。其有一个更改的iso9660文件系统
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268 (<filename>vcdfs/isofs-2.4.X.o</filename>)驱动,你可以通过<application>MPlayer</application>
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269 复制甚至播放.DAT文件。但在Linux内核的标准的iso9660驱动上它不能工作!另外使用
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270 使用<option>vcd://</option>。对于VCD复制另外的方法是内核新的
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271 <ulink url="http://www.elis.rug.ac.be/~ronsse/cdfs/">cdfs</ulink>驱动(不是
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272 官方内核的一部分)其将CD会话显示为镜像文件及<ulink url="http://cdrdao.sf.net/">cdrdao</ulink>,
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273 一个逐位的CD抓轨/复制程序。
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274 </para>
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275 </formalpara>
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276 </sect1>
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277 </chapter>