Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/xml/en/containers.xml @ 20322:f92bf1488265
some random fixes (wording, spelling..)
author | kraymer |
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date | Sat, 21 Oct 2006 08:44:10 +0000 |
parents | 05710b19651f |
children | fccaabde1978 |
rev | line source |
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9675 | 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?> |
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2 <!-- $Revision$ --> |
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3 <chapter id="containers"> |
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4 <title>Containers</title> |
9675 | 5 |
6 <para> | |
7 It is important to clarify a common mistake. When people see a file with a | |
8 <filename>.AVI</filename> extension, they immediately conclude that it is | |
9 not an MPEG file. That is not true. At least not entirely. Contrary to | |
14024 | 10 popular belief such a file <emphasis>can</emphasis> contain MPEG-1 video. |
9675 | 11 </para> |
12 | |
13 <para> | |
14 You see, a <emphasis role="bold">codec</emphasis> is not the same as a | |
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15 <emphasis role="bold">container format</emphasis>. |
14024 | 16 Examples of video <emphasis role="bold">codecs</emphasis> are: MPEG-1, MPEG-2, |
17 MPEG-4 (DivX), Indeo5, 3ivx. | |
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18 Examples of container <emphasis role="bold">formats</emphasis> are: MPG, AVI, ASF. |
9675 | 19 </para> |
20 | |
21 <para> | |
22 In theory, you can put an OpenDivX video and MP3 audio | |
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23 into an <emphasis role="bold">MPG container</emphasis>. However, most |
14024 | 24 players will not play it, since they expect MPEG-1 video and MP2 audio (unlike |
9675 | 25 <emphasis role="bold">AVI</emphasis>, <emphasis role="bold">MPG</emphasis> |
26 does not have the necessary fields to describe its video and audio streams). | |
14024 | 27 Or you might put MPEG-1 video into an AVI file. |
13977 | 28 <ulink url="http://ffmpeg.org/">FFmpeg</ulink> and |
11540 | 29 <link linkend="mencoder"><application>MEncoder</application></link> can create these files. |
9675 | 30 </para> |
31 | |
32 | |
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33 <sect1 id="video-formats"> |
9675 | 34 <title>Video formats</title> |
35 | |
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36 <sect2 id="mpg-vob-dat"> |
9675 | 37 <title>MPEG files</title> |
38 | |
39 <para> | |
40 MPEG files come in different guises: | |
41 </para> | |
42 | |
43 <itemizedlist> | |
44 <listitem><simpara> | |
45 MPG: This is the most <emphasis role="bold">basic</emphasis> form of the | |
14024 | 46 MPEG file formats. It contains MPEG-1 video, and MP2 (MPEG-1 layer 2) or |
9675 | 47 rarely MP1 audio. |
48 </simpara></listitem> | |
49 <listitem><simpara> | |
50 DAT: This is the very same format as MPG with a different extension. It | |
51 is used on <emphasis role="bold">Video CDs</emphasis>. Due to the way VCDs | |
52 are created and Linux is designed, the DAT files cannot be played nor copied | |
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53 from VCDs as regular files. You have to use <option>vcd://</option> |
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54 to play a Video CD. |
9675 | 55 </simpara></listitem> |
56 <listitem><simpara> | |
57 VOB: This is the MPEG file format on <emphasis role="bold">DVDs</emphasis>. | |
58 It is the same as MPG, plus the capability to contain subtitles or non-MPEG | |
14024 | 59 (AC3) audio. It contains encoded MPEG-2 video and usually AC3 audio, but DTS, |
9683 | 60 MP2 and uncompressed LPCM are allowed, too. <emphasis role="bold">Read the |
11483 | 61 <link linkend="dvd">DVD</link> section</emphasis>! |
9675 | 62 </simpara></listitem> |
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63 <listitem><simpara> |
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64 TY: This is a TiVo MPEG stream. It contains MPEG PES data for audio and |
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65 video streams, as well as extra information like closed captions. The |
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66 container is not an MPEG program stream, but a closed format created by |
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67 TiVo. For more information on TiVo stream format, please refer to |
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68 <ulink url="http://dvd-create.sourceforge.net/tystudio/tystream.shtml"> |
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69 the TyStudio page</ulink>. |
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70 </simpara></listitem> |
9675 | 71 </itemizedlist> |
72 | |
73 <para> | |
74 Series of frames form independent groups in MPEG files. This means that you | |
75 can cut/join an MPEG file with standard file tools (like | |
76 <command>dd</command>, <command>cut</command>), and it remains completely | |
77 functional. | |
78 </para> | |
79 | |
80 <para> | |
81 One important feature of MPGs is that they have a field to describe the | |
82 aspect ratio of the video stream within. For example SVCDs have 480x480 | |
83 resolution video, and in the header that field is set to 4:3, so that it is | |
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84 played at 640x480. AVI files often lack this field, so they have to be |
9675 | 85 rescaled during encoding or played with the <option>-aspect</option> |
86 option. | |
87 </para> | |
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88 </sect2> |
9675 | 89 |
90 | |
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91 <sect2 id="avi"> |
9675 | 92 <title>AVI files</title> |
93 | |
94 <para> | |
95 Designed by Microsoft, <emphasis role="bold">AVI (Audio Video Interleaved)</emphasis> | |
14024 | 96 is a widespread multipurpose format currently used mostly for MPEG-4 (DivX and DivX4) |
9675 | 97 video. It has many known drawbacks and shortcomings (for example in streaming). It |
98 supports one video stream and 0 to 99 audio streams and can be as big as | |
9683 | 99 2GB, but there exists an extension allowing bigger files called |
100 <emphasis role="bold">OpenDML</emphasis>. Microsoft currently strongly | |
101 discourages its use and encourages ASF/WMV. Not that anybody cares. | |
9675 | 102 </para> |
103 | |
104 <para> | |
105 There is a hack that allows AVI files to contain an Ogg Vorbis audio | |
106 stream, but makes them incompatible with standard AVI. | |
107 <application>MPlayer</application> supports playing these files. Seeking is | |
108 also implemented but severely hampered by badly encoded files with | |
109 confusing headers. Unfortunately the only encoder currently capable of | |
110 creating these files, <application>NanDub</application>, has this problem. | |
111 </para> | |
112 | |
113 <note> | |
114 <para> | |
115 DV cameras create raw DV streams that DV grabbing utilities convert to two | |
116 different types of AVI files. The AVI will then contain either separate | |
117 audio and video streams that <application>MPlayer</application> can play or | |
118 the raw DV stream for which support is under development. | |
119 </para> | |
120 </note> | |
121 | |
122 <para> | |
123 There are two kinds of AVI files: | |
124 <itemizedlist> | |
125 <listitem><simpara> | |
126 <emphasis role="bold">Interleaved:</emphasis> Audio and video content is | |
127 interleaved. This is the standard usage. Recommended and mostly used. Some tools | |
128 create interleaved AVIs with bad sync. <application>MPlayer</application> | |
129 detects these as interleaved, and this climaxes in loss of A/V sync, | |
130 probably at seeking. These files should be played as non-interleaved | |
131 (with the <option>-ni</option> option). | |
132 </simpara></listitem> | |
133 <listitem><simpara> | |
134 <emphasis role="bold">Non-interleaved:</emphasis> First comes the whole | |
135 video stream, then the whole audio stream. It thus needs a lot of seeking, | |
136 making playing from network or CD-ROM difficult. | |
137 </simpara></listitem> | |
138 </itemizedlist> | |
139 </para> | |
140 | |
141 <para> | |
142 <application>MPlayer</application> supports two kinds of timings for AVI | |
143 files: | |
144 <itemizedlist> | |
145 <listitem><simpara> | |
146 <emphasis role="bold">bps-based:</emphasis> It is based on the | |
147 bitrate/samplerate of the video/audio stream. This method is used by | |
13977 | 148 most players, including <ulink url="http://avifile.sf.net">avifile</ulink> |
9675 | 149 and <application>Windows Media Player</application>. Files with broken |
150 headers, and files created with VBR audio but not VBR-compliant encoder | |
151 will result in A/V desync with this method (mostly at seeking). | |
152 </simpara></listitem> | |
153 <listitem><simpara> | |
154 <emphasis role="bold">interleaving-based:</emphasis> It does not use the bitrate | |
155 value of the header, instead it uses the relative position of interleaved | |
156 audio and video chunks, making badly encoded files with VBR audio playable. | |
157 </simpara></listitem> | |
158 </itemizedlist> | |
159 </para> | |
160 | |
161 <para> | |
162 Any audio and video codec is allowed, but note that VBR audio is not well | |
163 supported by most players. The file format makes it possible to use VBR | |
164 audio, but most players expect CBR audio, thus they fail with VBR. VBR is | |
165 uncommon and Microsoft's AVI specs only describe CBR audio. I also noticed | |
166 that most AVI encoders/multiplexers create bad files when using VBR audio. | |
11540 | 167 There are only two known exceptions: <application>NanDub</application> and |
168 <link linkend="mencoder"><application>MEncoder</application></link>. | |
9675 | 169 </para> |
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170 </sect2> |
9675 | 171 |
172 | |
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173 <sect2 id="asf-wmv"> |
9675 | 174 <title>ASF/WMV files</title> |
175 <para> | |
176 ASF (Active Streaming Format) comes from Microsoft. They developed two | |
177 variants of ASF, v1.0 and v2.0. v1.0 is used by their media tools (<application>Windows | |
178 Media Player</application> and <application>Windows Media Encoder</application>) | |
179 and is very secret. v2.0 is published and patented :). Of course they differ, | |
180 there is no compatibility at all (it is just another legal game). | |
181 <application>MPlayer</application> supports only v1.0, as nobody has ever seen | |
182 v2.0 files :). Note that ASF files nowadays come with the extension | |
183 <filename>.WMA</filename> or <filename>.WMV</filename>. | |
184 </para> | |
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185 </sect2> |
9675 | 186 |
187 | |
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188 <sect2 id="mov"> |
9675 | 189 <title>QuickTime/MOV files</title> |
190 | |
191 <para> | |
192 These formats were designed by Apple and can contain any codec, CBR or VBR. | |
193 They usually have a <filename>.QT</filename> or <filename>.MOV</filename> | |
14024 | 194 extension. Note that since the MPEG-4 group chose QuickTime as the recommended |
195 file format for MPEG-4, their MOV files come with a <filename>.MPG</filename> or | |
9675 | 196 <filename>.MP4</filename> extension (Interestingly the video and audio |
9683 | 197 streams in these files are real MPG and AAC files. You can even extract them with the |
9675 | 198 <option>-dumpvideo</option> and <option>-dumpaudio</option> options.). |
199 </para> | |
200 | |
201 <note> | |
202 <para> | |
203 Most new QuickTime files use <emphasis role="bold">Sorenson</emphasis> video and | |
204 QDesign Music audio. See our <link linkend="sorenson">Sorenson</link> codec section. | |
205 </para> | |
206 </note> | |
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207 </sect2> |
9675 | 208 |
209 | |
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210 <sect2 id="vivo"> |
9675 | 211 <title>VIVO files</title> |
212 | |
213 <para> | |
214 <application>MPlayer</application> happily demuxes VIVO file formats. The | |
215 biggest disadvantage of the format is that it has no index block, nor a | |
216 fixed packet size or sync bytes and most files lack even keyframes, so | |
217 forget seeking! | |
218 </para> | |
219 | |
220 <para> | |
221 The video codec of VIVO/1.0 files is standard <emphasis role="bold">h.263</emphasis>. | |
222 The video codec of VIVO/2.0 files is a modified, nonstandard | |
223 <emphasis role="bold">h.263v2</emphasis>. The audio is the same, it may be | |
224 <emphasis role="bold">g.723 (standard)</emphasis>, or | |
225 <emphasis role="bold">Vivo Siren</emphasis>. | |
226 </para> | |
227 | |
228 <para> | |
229 See the | |
230 <link linkend="vivo-video">VIVO video codec</link> and | |
231 <link linkend="vivo-audio">VIVO audio codec</link> | |
232 sections for installation instructions. | |
233 </para> | |
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234 </sect2> |
9675 | 235 |
236 | |
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237 <sect2 id="fli"> |
9675 | 238 <title>FLI files</title> |
239 <para> | |
240 <emphasis role="bold">FLI</emphasis> is a very old file format used by | |
241 Autodesk Animator, but it is a common file format for short animations on the net. | |
242 <application>MPlayer</application> demuxes and decodes FLI movies and is | |
243 even able to seek within them (useful when looping with the | |
244 <option>-loop</option> option). FLI files do not have keyframes, so the | |
245 picture will be messy for a short time after seeking. | |
246 </para> | |
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247 </sect2> |
9675 | 248 |
249 | |
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250 <sect2 id="realmedia"> |
9675 | 251 <title>RealMedia (RM) files</title> |
252 | |
253 <para> | |
254 Yes, <application>MPlayer</application> can read (demux) RealMedia | |
12690 | 255 (<filename>.rm</filename>) files. |
256 Here are the lists of the supported <link | |
9675 | 257 linkend="realvideo">RealVideo</link> and <link |
258 linkend="realaudio">RealAudio</link> codecs. | |
259 </para> | |
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260 </sect2> |
9675 | 261 |
262 | |
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263 <sect2 id="nuppelvideo"> |
9675 | 264 <title>NuppelVideo files</title> |
265 <para> | |
19731 | 266 NuppelVideo |
9675 | 267 is a TV grabber tool (AFAIK:). <application>MPlayer</application> can read |
268 its <filename>.NUV</filename> files (only NuppelVideo 5.0). Those files can | |
269 contain uncompressed YV12, YV12+RTJpeg compressed, YV12 RTJpeg+lzo | |
270 compressed, and YV12+lzo compressed frames. | |
271 <application>MPlayer</application> decodes (and also <emphasis role="bold">encodes</emphasis> | |
14024 | 272 them with <application>MEncoder</application> to MPEG-4 (DivX)/etc!) them all. |
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273 Seeking works. |
9675 | 274 </para> |
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275 </sect2> |
9675 | 276 |
277 | |
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278 <sect2 id="yuv4mpeg"> |
9675 | 279 <title>yuv4mpeg files</title> |
280 <para> | |
13977 | 281 <ulink url="http://mjpeg.sf.net">yuv4mpeg / yuv4mpeg2</ulink> |
9675 | 282 is a file format used by the |
283 <ulink url="http://mjpeg.sf.net">mjpegtools programs</ulink>. | |
284 You can grab, produce, filter or encode video in this format using these tools. | |
285 The file format is really a sequence of uncompressed YUV 4:2:0 images. | |
286 </para> | |
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287 </sect2> |
9675 | 288 |
289 | |
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290 <sect2 id="film"> |
9675 | 291 <title>FILM files</title> |
292 <para> | |
293 This format is used on old Sega Saturn CD-ROM games. | |
294 </para> | |
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295 </sect2> |
9675 | 296 |
297 | |
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298 <sect2 id="roq"> |
9675 | 299 <title>RoQ files</title> |
300 <para> | |
301 RoQ files are multimedia files used in some ID games such as Quake III and | |
302 Return to Castle Wolfenstein. | |
303 </para> | |
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304 </sect2> |
9675 | 305 |
306 | |
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307 <sect2 id="ogg"> |
9675 | 308 <title>OGG/OGM files</title> |
309 <para> | |
310 This is a new fileformat from <ulink url="http://www.xiph.org">Xiphophorus</ulink>. | |
311 It can contain any video or audio codec, CBR or VBR. You'll need | |
312 <systemitem class="library">libogg</systemitem> and | |
313 <systemitem class="library">libvorbis</systemitem> installed before | |
314 compiling <application>MPlayer</application> to be able to play it. | |
315 </para> | |
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316 </sect2> |
9675 | 317 |
318 | |
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319 <sect2 id="sdp"> |
9675 | 320 <title>SDP files</title> |
321 <para> | |
322 <ulink url="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2327.txt">SDP</ulink> is an | |
323 IETF standard format for describing video and/or audio RTP streams. | |
17462 | 324 (The "<ulink url="http://www.live555.com/mplayer/">LIVE555 Streaming Media</ulink>" |
9675 | 325 are required.) |
326 </para> | |
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327 </sect2> |
9675 | 328 |
329 | |
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330 <sect2 id="pva"> |
9675 | 331 <title>PVA files</title> |
332 <para> | |
333 PVA is an MPEG-like format used by DVB TV boards' software (e.g.: | |
10679 | 334 <application>MultiDec</application>, <application>WinTV</application> under Windows). |
9675 | 335 </para> |
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336 </sect2> |
9675 | 337 |
338 | |
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339 <sect2 id="nsv"> |
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340 <title>NSV files</title> |
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341 <para> |
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342 NSV (NullSoft Video) is the file format used by the |
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343 <application>Winamp</application> player to stream audio and video. |
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344 Video is VP3, VP5 or VP6, audio is MP3, AAC or VLB. |
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345 The audio only version of NSV has the <filename>.nsa</filename> extension. |
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346 <application>MPlayer</application> can play both NSV streams and files. |
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347 Please note that most files from the |
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348 <ulink url="http://www.winamp.com">Winamp site</ulink> use VLB audio, that |
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349 can't be decoded yet. Moreover streams from that site need an extra |
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350 depacketization layer that still has to be implemented (those files are |
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351 unplayable anyway because they use VLB audio). |
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352 </para> |
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353 </sect2> |
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354 |
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355 |
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356 <sect2 id="matroska"> |
16131 | 357 <title>Matroska files</title> |
358 <para> | |
359 Matroska is an open container format. | |
360 Read more on the <ulink url="http://www.matroska.org/">official site</ulink>. | |
361 </para> | |
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362 </sect2> |
16131 | 363 |
364 | |
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365 <sect2 id="nut"> |
16131 | 366 <title>NUT files</title> |
367 <para> | |
368 NUT is the container format developed by <application>MPlayer</application> and | |
369 <application>FFmpeg</application> folks. Both projects support it. | |
370 Read more on the <ulink url="http://www.nut.hu/">official site</ulink>. | |
371 </para> | |
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372 </sect2> |
16131 | 373 |
374 | |
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375 <sect2 id="gif"> |
9675 | 376 <title>GIF files</title> |
377 <para> | |
378 The <emphasis role="bold">GIF</emphasis> format is a common format for web | |
379 graphics. There are two versions of the GIF spec, GIF87a and GIF89a. The | |
11540 | 380 main difference is that GIF89a allows for animation. <application>MPlayer</application> |
381 supports both formats through use of <systemitem class="library">libungif</systemitem> or | |
9675 | 382 another libgif-compatible library. Non-animated GIFs will be displayed as |
383 single frame videos. (Use the <option>-loop</option> and <option>-fixed-vo</option> | |
384 options to display these longer.) | |
385 </para> | |
386 | |
387 <para> | |
388 <application>MPlayer</application> currently does not support seeking in GIF | |
389 files. GIF files do not necessarily have a fixed frame size, nor a fixed | |
390 framerate. Rather, each frame is of independent size and is supposed to be | |
391 positioned in a certain place on a field of fixed-size. The framerate is | |
392 controlled by an optional block before each frame that specifies the next | |
393 frame's delay in centiseconds. | |
394 </para> | |
395 | |
396 <para> | |
397 Standard GIF files contain 24-bit RGB frames with at most an 8-bit indexed | |
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398 palette. These frames are usually LZW-compressed, although some GIF encoders |
9675 | 399 produce uncompressed frames to avoid patent issues with LZW compression. |
400 </para> | |
401 | |
402 <para> | |
403 If your distribution does not come with <systemitem class="library">libungif</systemitem>, | |
404 download a copy from the | |
14126 | 405 <ulink url="http://sourceforge.net/projects/libungif">libungif |
9675 | 406 homepage</ulink>. For detailed technical information, have a look at the |
407 <ulink url="http://www.w3.org/Graphics/GIF/spec-gif89a.txt">GIF89a specification</ulink>. | |
408 </para> | |
409 </sect2> | |
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410 </sect1> |
9675 | 411 |
412 <!-- ********** --> | |
413 | |
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414 <sect1 id="audio-formats"> |
9675 | 415 <title>Audio formats</title> |
416 | |
417 <para> | |
418 <application>MPlayer</application> is a <emphasis role="bold">movie</emphasis> | |
419 and not a <emphasis role="bold">media</emphasis> player, although it can play | |
420 some audio file formats (they are listed in the sections below). This is not | |
421 a recommended usage of <application>MPlayer</application>, you better use <ulink | |
422 url="http://www.xmms.org">XMMS</ulink>. | |
423 </para> | |
424 | |
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425 <sect2 id="mp3"> |
9675 | 426 <title>MP3 files</title> |
427 <para> | |
428 You may have problems playing certain MP3 files that | |
429 <application>MPlayer</application> will misdetect as MPEGs and play | |
430 incorrectly or not at all. This cannot be fixed without dropping support | |
431 for certain broken MPEG files and thus will remain like this for the | |
432 foreseeable future. The <option>-demuxer</option> flag described in the | |
11731 | 433 man page may help you in these cases. |
9675 | 434 </para> |
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435 </sect2> |
9675 | 436 |
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437 <sect2 id="ogg-vorbis"> |
9675 | 438 <title>OGG/OGM files (Vorbis)</title> |
439 <para> | |
440 Requires properly installed | |
441 <systemitem class="library">libogg</systemitem> and | |
442 <systemitem class="library">libvorbis</systemitem>. | |
443 </para> | |
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444 </sect2> |
9675 | 445 |
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446 <sect2 id="cdda"> |
9675 | 447 <title>CD audio</title> |
448 <para> | |
449 <application>MPlayer</application> can use <application>cdparanoia</application> | |
450 to play CDDA (Audio CD). The scope of this section does not contain enumerating | |
451 <application>cdparanoia</application>'s features. | |
452 </para> | |
453 | |
454 <para> | |
455 See the man page's <option>-cdda</option> option which can be used to pass | |
456 options to <application>cdparanoia</application>. | |
457 </para> | |
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458 </sect2> |
9675 | 459 |
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460 <sect2 id="xmms"> |
9675 | 461 <title>XMMS</title> |
462 <para> | |
463 <application>MPlayer</application> can use <application>XMMS</application> input | |
464 plugins to play many file formats. There are plugins for SNES game tunes, SID | |
465 tunes (from Commodore 64), many Amiga formats, .xm, .it, VQF, musepack, Bonk, | |
466 shorten and many others. You can find them at the | |
14121 | 467 <ulink url="http://www.xmms.org/plugins.php?category=input">XMMS input plugin page</ulink>. |
9675 | 468 </para> |
469 | |
470 <para> | |
471 For this feature you need to have <application>XMMS</application> and compile | |
472 <application>MPlayer</application> with <filename>./configure --enable-xmms</filename>. | |
473 If that does not work, you might need to set the <application>XMMS</application> | |
474 plugin and library path explicitly by way of the <option>--with-xmmsplugindir</option> | |
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475 and <option>--with-xmmslibdir</option> options. |
9675 | 476 </para> |
477 </sect2> | |
478 </sect1> | |
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479 |
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480 </chapter> |