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Move English files to en/ subdirectory.
| author | diego |
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| date | Mon, 10 Feb 2003 00:00:00 +0000 |
| parents | DOCS/sound.html@e23939b2ac30 |
| children | 6c6ea2b4cfdb |
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| 1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> | |
| 2 <HTML> | |
| 3 | |
| 4 <HEAD> | |
| 5 <TITLE>Sound - MPlayer - The Movie Player for Linux</TITLE> | |
| 6 <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="default.css"> | |
| 7 <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> | |
| 8 </HEAD> | |
| 9 | |
| 10 <BODY> | |
| 11 | |
| 12 | |
| 13 <H3><A NAME="audio">2.3.2 Audio output devices</A></H3> | |
| 14 | |
| 15 <H4><A NAME="sync">2.3.2.1 Audio/Video synchronisation</A></H4> | |
| 16 | |
| 17 <P>MPlayer's audio interface is called <I>libao2</I>. It currently | |
| 18 contains these drivers:</P> | |
| 19 | |
| 20 <DL> | |
| 21 <DT>oss</DT> | |
| 22 <DD>OSS (ioctl) driver (supports hardware AC3 passthrough)</DD> | |
| 23 | |
| 24 <DT>sdl</DT> | |
| 25 <DD>SDL driver (supports sound daemons like <B>ESD</B> and <B>ARTS</B>)</DD> | |
| 26 | |
| 27 <DT>nas</DT> | |
| 28 <DD>NAS (Network Audio System) driver</DD> | |
| 29 | |
| 30 <DT>alsa5</DT> | |
| 31 <DD>native ALSA 0.5 driver</DD> | |
| 32 | |
| 33 <DT>alsa9</DT> | |
| 34 <DD>native ALSA 0.9 driver (supports hardware AC3 passthrough)</DD> | |
| 35 | |
| 36 <DT>sun</DT> | |
| 37 <DD>SUN audio driver (<CODE>/dev/audio</CODE>) for BSD and Solaris8 users</DD> | |
| 38 | |
| 39 <DT>arts</DT> | |
| 40 <DD>native ARTS driver (mostly for KDE users)</DD> | |
| 41 | |
| 42 <DT>esd</DT> | |
| 43 <DD>native ESD driver (mostly for GNOME users)</DD> | |
| 44 </DL> | |
| 45 | |
| 46 <P>Linux sound card drivers have compatibility problems. This is because MPlayer | |
| 47 relies on an in-built feature of <EM>properly</EM> coded sound drivers that | |
| 48 enable them to maintain correct audio/video sync. Regrettably, some driver | |
| 49 authors don't take the care to code this feature since it is not needed for | |
| 50 playing MP3s or sound effects. </P> | |
| 51 | |
| 52 <P>Other media players like <A HREF="http://avifile.sourceforge.net">aviplay</A> | |
| 53 or <A HREF="http://xine.sourceforge.net">xine</A> possibly work | |
| 54 out-of-the-box with these drivers because they use "simple" methods with | |
| 55 internal timing. Measuring showed that their methods are not as efficient | |
| 56 as MPlayer's. </P> | |
| 57 | |
| 58 <P>Using MPlayer with a properly written audio driver will never result | |
| 59 in A/V desyncs related to the audio, except only with very badly created | |
| 60 files (check the man page for workarounds).</P> | |
| 61 | |
| 62 <P>If you happen to have a bad audio driver, try the <CODE>-autosync</CODE> | |
| 63 option, it should sort out your problems. See the man page for detailed | |
| 64 information.</P> | |
| 65 | |
| 66 <P>Some notes:</P> | |
| 67 | |
| 68 <UL> | |
| 69 <LI>If you have an OSS driver, first try <CODE>-ao oss</CODE> (this is the | |
| 70 default). If you experience glitches, halts or anything out of the | |
| 71 ordinary, try <CODE>-ao sdl</CODE> (NOTE: You need to have SDL libraries | |
| 72 and header files installed). The SDL audio driver helps in a lot of cases | |
| 73 and also supports ESD (GNOME) and ARTS (KDE).</LI> | |
| 74 <LI>If you have ALSA version 0.5, then you almost always have to use | |
| 75 <CODE>-ao alsa5</CODE> , since ALSA 0.5 has buggy OSS emulation code, and | |
| 76 will <B>crash MPlayer</B> with a message like this:<BR> | |
| 77 <CODE>DEMUXER: Too many (945 in 8390980 bytes) video packets in the buffer!</CODE></LI> | |
| 78 <LI>On Solaris, use the SUN audio driver with the <CODE>-ao sun</CODE> option, | |
| 79 otherwise neither video nor audio will work.</LI> | |
| 80 <LI>If the sound clicks when playing from CD-ROM, turn on IRQ unmasking, e.g. | |
| 81 <CODE>hdparm -u1 /dev/cdrom</CODE> (<CODE>man hdparm</CODE>). This is | |
| 82 generally beneficial and described in more detail in the | |
| 83 <A HREF="cd-dvd.html#drives">CD-ROM section</A>.</LI> | |
| 84 </UL> | |
| 85 | |
| 86 | |
| 87 <H4><A NAME="experiences">2.3.2.2 Sound Card experiences, recommendations</A></H4> | |
| 88 | |
| 89 <P>On Linux, a 2.4.x kernel is highly recommended. Kernel 2.2 is not tested.</P> | |
| 90 | |
| 91 <P>Linux sound drivers are primarily provided by the free version of OSS. These | |
| 92 drivers have been superceded by <A HREF="http://www.alsa-project.org">ALSA</A> | |
| 93 (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture) in the 2.5 development series. If your | |
| 94 distribution does not already use ALSA you may wish to try their drivers if | |
| 95 you experience sound problems. ALSA drivers are generally superior to OSS in | |
| 96 compatibility, performance and features. But some sound cards are only | |
| 97 supported by the commercial OSS drivers from | |
| 98 <A HREF="http://www.opensound.com/">4Front Technologies</A>. They also support | |
| 99 several non-Linux systems.</P> | |
| 100 | |
| 101 <TABLE BORDER="1" WIDTH="100%"> | |
| 102 | |
| 103 <TR> | |
| 104 <TH ROWSPAN="2"><B>SOUND CARD</B></TH> | |
| 105 <TH COLSPAN="4"><B>DRIVER</B></TH> | |
| 106 <TH ROWSPAN="2"><B>Max kHz</B></TH> | |
| 107 <TH ROWSPAN="2"><B>Max Channels</B></TH> | |
| 108 <TH ROWSPAN="2"><B>Max Opens<FONT SIZE="-2"><A HREF=#note1>[1]</A></FONT></B></TH> | |
| 109 </TR> | |
| 110 | |
| 111 <TR> | |
| 112 <TH><B>OSS/Free</B></TH> | |
| 113 <TH><B>ALSA</B></TH> | |
| 114 <TH><B>OSS/Pro</B></TH> | |
| 115 <TH><B>other</B></TH> | |
| 116 </TR> | |
| 117 | |
| 118 <TR> | |
| 119 <TD><B>VIA onboard (686/A/B, 8233, 8235)</B></TD> | |
| 120 <TD><A HREF="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=3242&release_id=59602">via82cxxx_audio</A></TD> | |
| 121 <TD>snd-via82xx</TD> | |
| 122 <TD> </TD> | |
| 123 <TD> </TD> | |
| 124 <TD>4-48 kHz or 48 kHz only, depending on the chipset</TD> | |
| 125 <TD> </TD> | |
| 126 <TD> </TD> | |
| 127 </TR> | |
| 128 | |
| 129 <TR> | |
| 130 <TD><B>Aureal Vortex 2</B></TD> | |
| 131 <TD>none</TD> | |
| 132 <TD>none</TD> | |
| 133 <TD>OK</TD> | |
| 134 <TD><A HREF="http://aureal.sourceforge.net">Linux Aureal Drivers</A><BR> | |
| 135 <A HREF="http://makacs.poliod.hu/~pontscho/aureal/au88xx-1.1.3.tar.bz2">buffer size increased to 32k</A></TD> | |
| 136 <TD>48</TD> | |
| 137 <TD>4.1</TD> | |
| 138 <TD>5+</TD> | |
| 139 </TR> | |
| 140 | |
| 141 <TR> | |
| 142 <TD><B>SB Live!</B></TD> | |
| 143 <TD>Analog OK, SP/DIF not working</TD> | |
| 144 <TD>Both OK</TD> | |
| 145 <TD>Both OK</TD> | |
| 146 <TD><A HREF="http://opensource.creative.com">Creative's OSS driver (SP/DIF support)</A></TD> | |
| 147 <TD>192</TD> | |
| 148 <TD>4.0/5.1</TD> | |
| 149 <TD>32</TD> | |
| 150 </TR> | |
| 151 | |
| 152 <TR> | |
| 153 <TD><B>SB 128 PCI (es1371)</B></TD> | |
| 154 <TD>OK</TD> | |
| 155 <TD>?</TD> | |
| 156 <TD> </TD> | |
| 157 <TD> </TD> | |
| 158 <TD>48</TD> | |
| 159 <TD>stereo</TD> | |
| 160 <TD>2</TD> | |
| 161 </TR> | |
| 162 | |
| 163 <TR> | |
| 164 <TD><B>SB AWE 64</B></TD> | |
| 165 <TD>max 44kHz</TD> | |
| 166 <TD>48kHz sounds bad</TD> | |
| 167 <TD> </TD> | |
| 168 <TD> </TD> | |
| 169 <TD>48</TD> | |
| 170 <TD> </TD> | |
| 171 <TD> </TD> | |
| 172 </TR> | |
| 173 | |
| 174 <TR> | |
| 175 <TD><B>GUS PnP</B></TD> | |
| 176 <TD>none</TD> | |
| 177 <TD>OK</TD> | |
| 178 <TD>OK</TD> | |
| 179 <TD> </TD> | |
| 180 <TD>48</TD> | |
| 181 <TD> </TD> | |
| 182 <TD> </TD> | |
| 183 </TR> | |
| 184 | |
| 185 <TR> | |
| 186 <TD><B>Gravis UltraSound ACE</B></TD> | |
| 187 <TD>not OK</TD> | |
| 188 <TD>OK</TD> | |
| 189 <TD> </TD> | |
| 190 <TD> </TD> | |
| 191 <TD>44</TD> | |
| 192 <TD> </TD> | |
| 193 <TD> </TD> | |
| 194 </TR> | |
| 195 | |
| 196 <TR> | |
| 197 <TD><B>Gravis UltraSound MAX</B></TD> | |
| 198 <TD>OK</TD> | |
| 199 <TD>OK (?)</TD> | |
| 200 <TD> </TD> | |
| 201 <TD> </TD> | |
| 202 <TD>48</TD> | |
| 203 <TD> </TD> | |
| 204 <TD> </TD> | |
| 205 </TR> | |
| 206 | |
| 207 <TR> | |
| 208 <TD><B>ESS 688</B></TD> | |
| 209 <TD>OK</TD> | |
| 210 <TD>OK (?)</TD> | |
| 211 <TD> </TD> | |
| 212 <TD> </TD> | |
| 213 <TD>48</TD> | |
| 214 <TD> </TD> | |
| 215 <TD> </TD> | |
| 216 </TR> | |
| 217 | |
| 218 <TR> | |
| 219 <TD><B>C-Media cards (which ones?)</B></TD> | |
| 220 <TD>not OK (hissing) (?)</TD> | |
| 221 <TD>OK</TD> | |
| 222 <TD> </TD> | |
| 223 <TD> </TD> | |
| 224 <TD>?</TD> | |
| 225 <TD> </TD> | |
| 226 <TD> </TD> | |
| 227 </TR> | |
| 228 | |
| 229 <TR> | |
| 230 <TD><B>Yamaha cards (*ymf*)</B></TD> | |
| 231 <TD>not OK (?) (maybe <CODE>-ao sdl</CODE>)</TD> | |
| 232 <TD>OK only with ALSA 0.5 with OSS emulation <B>AND</B> | |
| 233 <CODE>-ao sdl</CODE> (!) (?)</TD> | |
| 234 <TD> </TD> | |
| 235 <TD> </TD> | |
| 236 <TD>?</TD> | |
| 237 <TD> </TD> | |
| 238 <TD> </TD> | |
| 239 </TR> | |
| 240 | |
| 241 <TR> | |
| 242 <TD><B>Cards with envy24 chips (like Terratec EWS88MT)</B></TD> | |
| 243 <TD>?</TD> | |
| 244 <TD>?</TD> | |
| 245 <TD>OK</TD> | |
| 246 <TD> </TD> | |
| 247 <TD>?</TD> | |
| 248 <TD> </TD> | |
| 249 <TD> </TD> | |
| 250 </TR> | |
| 251 | |
| 252 <TR> | |
| 253 <TD><B>PC Speaker or DAC</B></TD> | |
| 254 <TD>OK</TD> | |
| 255 <TD>none</TD> | |
| 256 <TD> </TD> | |
| 257 <TD><A HREF="http://www.geocities.com/stssppnn/pcsp.html">Linux PC speaker OSS driver</a></TD> | |
| 258 <TD>The driver emulates 44.1, maybe more.</TD> | |
| 259 <TD>mono</TD> | |
| 260 <TD>1</TD> | |
| 261 </TR> | |
| 262 | |
| 263 </TABLE> | |
| 264 | |
| 265 <P><A NAME="note1"><B>[1]</B></A>: the number of applications that are able to use the | |
| 266 device <I>at the same time</I>.</P> | |
| 267 | |
| 268 <P>Feedback to this document is welcome. Please tell us how MPlayer | |
| 269 and your sound card(s) worked together.</P> | |
| 270 | |
| 271 | |
| 272 <H4><A NAME="af">2.3.2.3 Audio filters</A></H4> | |
| 273 | |
| 274 <P>The old audio plugins have been superseded by a new audio filter layer. Audio | |
| 275 filters are used for changing the properties of the audio data before the | |
| 276 sound reaches the sound card. The activation and deactivation of the filters | |
| 277 is normally automated but can be overridden. The filters are activated when | |
| 278 the properties of the audio data differ from those required by the sound card | |
| 279 and deactivated if unnecessary. The <CODE>-af filter1,filter2,...</CODE> | |
| 280 option is used to override the automatic activation of filters or to insert | |
| 281 filters that are not automatically inserted. The filters will be executed as | |
| 282 they appear in the comma separated list.</P> | |
| 283 | |
| 284 <P>Example:<BR> | |
| 285 <CODE>mplayer -af resample,pan movie.avi </CODE></P> | |
| 286 | |
| 287 <P>would run the sound through the resampling filter followed by the pan filter. | |
| 288 Observe that the list must not contain any spaces, else it will fail.</P> | |
| 289 | |
| 290 <P>The filters often have options that change their behavior. These options | |
| 291 are explained in detail in the sections below. A filter will execute using | |
| 292 default settings if its options are omitted. Here is an example of how to use | |
| 293 filters in combination with filter specific options:</P> | |
| 294 | |
| 295 <P> <CODE>mplayer -af resample=11025,pan=1:0.5:0.5 -channels 1 | |
| 296 -srate 11025 media.avi</CODE></P> | |
| 297 | |
| 298 <P>would set the output frequency of the resample filter to 11025Hz and downmix | |
| 299 the audio to 1 channel using the pan filter.</P> | |
| 300 | |
| 301 <P>The overall execution of the filter layer is controlled using the | |
| 302 <CODE>-af-adv</CODE> option. This option has two suboptions:</P> | |
| 303 | |
| 304 <DL> | |
| 305 <DT><CODE>force</CODE><DT> | |
| 306 <DD>is a Bit field that controls how the filters are inserted and what | |
| 307 speed/accuracy optimizations they use: | |
| 308 <DL> | |
| 309 <DT><CODE>0</CODE></DT> | |
| 310 <DD>Use automatic insertion of filters and optimize according to CPU | |
| 311 speed.</DD> | |
| 312 <DT><CODE>1</CODE></DT> | |
| 313 <DD>Use automatic insertion of filters and optimize for the highest | |
| 314 speed.<BR> | |
| 315 <EM>Warning:</EM> Some features in the audio filters may silently fail, | |
| 316 and the sound quality may drop.</DD> | |
| 317 <DT><CODE>2</CODE></DT> | |
| 318 <DD>Use automatic insertion of filters and optimize for quality.</DD> | |
| 319 <DT><CODE>3</CODE></DT> | |
| 320 <DD>Use no automatic insertion of filters and no optimization.<BR> | |
| 321 <I>Warning:</I> It may be possible to crash MPlayer using this | |
| 322 setting.</DD> | |
| 323 <DT><CODE>4</CODE></DT> | |
| 324 <DD>Use automatic insertion of filters according to 0 above, but use | |
| 325 floating point processing when possible.</DD> | |
| 326 <DT><CODE>5</CODE></DT> | |
| 327 <DD>Use automatic insertion of filters according to 1 above, but use | |
| 328 floating point processing when possible.</DD> | |
| 329 <DT><CODE>6</CODE></DT> | |
| 330 <DD>Use automatic insertion of filters according to 2 above, but use | |
| 331 floating point processing when possible.</DD> | |
| 332 <DT><CODE>7</CODE></DT> | |
| 333 <DD>Use no automatic insertion of filters according to 3 above, and use | |
| 334 floating point processing when possible.</DD> | |
| 335 </DL> | |
| 336 </DD> | |
| 337 | |
| 338 <DT><CODE>list</CODE></DT> | |
| 339 <DD>is an alias for the -af option.</DD> | |
| 340 </DL> | |
| 341 | |
| 342 <P>The filter layer is also affected by the following generic options: | |
| 343 | |
| 344 <DL> | |
| 345 <DT><CODE>-v</CODE></DT> | |
| 346 <DD>Increases the verbosity level and makes most filters print out extra | |
| 347 status messages.</DD> | |
| 348 <DT><CODE>-channels</CODE></DT> | |
| 349 <DD>This option sets the number of output channels you would like your | |
| 350 sound card to use. | |
| 351 It also affects the number of channels that are being decoded from the | |
| 352 media. If the media contains less channels than requested the channels | |
| 353 filter (see below) will automatically be inserted. The routing will be the | |
| 354 default routing for the channels filter.</DD> | |
| 355 <DT><CODE>-srate</CODE></DT> | |
| 356 <DD>This option selects the sample rate you would like your sound card to | |
| 357 use (of course the cards have limits on this). If the sample | |
| 358 frequency of your sound card is different from that of the current media, | |
| 359 the resample filter (see below) will be inserted into the audio filter layer | |
| 360 to compensate for the difference.</DD> | |
| 361 <DT><CODE>-format</CODE><DT> | |
| 362 <DD>This option sets the sample format between the audio filter layer and the sound | |
| 363 card. If the requested sample format of your sound card is different from | |
| 364 that of the current media, a format filter (see below) will be inserted to | |
| 365 rectify the difference.</DD> | |
| 366 </DL> | |
| 367 | |
| 368 | |
| 369 <H4><A NAME="af_resample">2.3.2.3.1 Up/Down-sampling</A></H4> | |
| 370 | |
| 371 <P>MPlayer fully supports sound up/down-sampling through the | |
| 372 <CODE>resample</CODE> filter. It can be used if you | |
| 373 have a fixed frequency sound card or if you are stuck with an old sound card | |
| 374 that is only capable of max 44.1kHz. This filter is automatically enabled if | |
| 375 it is necessary, but it can also be explicitly enabled on the command line. It | |
| 376 has three options:</P> | |
| 377 | |
| 378 <DL> | |
| 379 <DT><CODE>srate <8000-192000></CODE></DT> | |
| 380 <DD>is an integer used for setting the output sample | |
| 381 frequency in Hz. The valid range for this parameter is 8kHz to 192kHz. If | |
| 382 the input and output sample frequency are the same or if this parameter is | |
| 383 omitted the filter is automatically unloaded. A high sample frequency | |
| 384 normally improves the audio quality, especially when used in combination | |
| 385 with other filters.</DD> | |
| 386 | |
| 387 <DT><CODE>sloppy</CODE></DT> | |
| 388 <DD>is an optional binary parameter that allows the output frequency to differ | |
| 389 slightly from the frequency given by <CODE>srate</CODE>. This option can be | |
| 390 used if the startup of the playback is extremely slow. It is enabled by | |
| 391 default.</DD> | |
| 392 | |
| 393 <DT><CODE>type <0-2></CODE><DT> | |
| 394 <DD>is an optional integer between <CODE>0</CODE> and <CODE>2</CODE> that | |
| 395 selects which resampling method to use. Here <CODE>0</CODE> represents | |
| 396 linear interpolation as resampling method, <CODE>1</CODE> represents | |
| 397 resampling using a poly-phase filter-bank and integer processing and | |
| 398 <CODE>2</CODE> represents resampling using a poly-phase filter-bank and | |
| 399 floating point processing. Linear interpolation is extremely fast, but | |
| 400 suffers from poor sound quality especially when used for up-sampling. The | |
| 401 best quality is given by <CODE>2</CODE> but this method also suffers from | |
| 402 the highest CPU load.</DD> | |
| 403 </DL> | |
| 404 | |
| 405 <P>Example:<BR> | |
| 406 <CODE>mplayer -af resample=44100:0:0</CODE></P> | |
| 407 | |
| 408 <P>would set the output frequency of the resample filter to 44100Hz using exact | |
| 409 output frequency scaling and linear interpolation.</P> | |
| 410 | |
| 411 | |
| 412 <H4><A NAME="af_channels">2.3.2.3.2 Changing the number of channels</A></H4> | |
| 413 | |
| 414 <P>The <CODE>channels</CODE> filter can be used for adding and removing | |
| 415 channels, it can also be used for routing or copying channels. It is | |
| 416 automatically enabled when the output from the audio filter layer differs from | |
| 417 the input layer or when it is requested by another filter. This filter unloads | |
| 418 itself if not needed. The number of options is dynamic:</P> | |
| 419 | |
| 420 <DL> | |
| 421 <DT><CODE>nch <1-6></CODE></DT> | |
| 422 <DD>is an integer between <CODE>1</CODE> and <CODE>6</CODE> that is used for | |
| 423 setting the number of output channels. This option is required, leaving it | |
| 424 empty results in a runtime error.</DD> | |
| 425 | |
| 426 <DT><CODE>nr <1-6></CODE></DT> | |
| 427 <DD>is an integer between <CODE>1</CODE> and <CODE>6</CODE> that is used for | |
| 428 specifying the number of routes. This parameter is optional. If it is | |
| 429 omitted the default routing is used.</DD> | |
| 430 | |
| 431 <DT><CODE>from1:to1:from2:to2:from3:to3...</CODE></DT> | |
| 432 <DD>are pairs of numbers between <CODE>0</CODE> and <CODE>5</CODE> that define | |
| 433 where each channel should be routed.</DD> | |
| 434 </DL> | |
| 435 | |
| 436 <P>If only <CODE>nch</CODE> is given the default routing is used, it works as | |
| 437 follows: If the number of output channels is bigger than the number of input | |
| 438 channels empty channels are inserted (except mixing from mono to stereo, then | |
| 439 the mono channel is repeated in both of the output channels). If the number of | |
| 440 output channels is smaller than the number of input channels the exceeding | |
| 441 channels are truncated.</P> | |
| 442 | |
| 443 <P>Example 1:<BR> | |
| 444 <CODE>mplayer -af channels=4:4:0:1:1:0:2:2:3:3 media.avi </CODE></P> | |
| 445 | |
| 446 <P>would change the number of channels to 4 and set up 4 routes that swap | |
| 447 channel 0 and channel 1 and leave channel 2 and 3 intact. Observe that if | |
| 448 media containing two channels was played back, channels 2 and 3 would contain | |
| 449 silence but 0 and 1 would still be swapped.</P> | |
| 450 | |
| 451 <P>Example 2:<BR> | |
| 452 <CODE>mplayer -af channels=6:4:0:0:0:1:0:2:0:3 media.avi </CODE></P> | |
| 453 | |
| 454 <P>would change the number of channels to 6 and set up 4 routes that copy | |
| 455 channel 0 to channels 0 to 3. Channel 4 and 5 will contain silence.</P> | |
| 456 | |
| 457 | |
| 458 <H4><A NAME="af_format">2.3.2.3.3 Sample format converter</A></H4> | |
| 459 | |
| 460 <P>The <CODE>format</CODE> filter converts between different sample formats. It | |
| 461 is automatically enabled when needed by the sound card or another filter.</P> | |
| 462 | |
| 463 <DL> | |
| 464 <DT><CODE>bps <number></CODE></DT> | |
| 465 <DD>can be <CODE>1</CODE>, <CODE>2</CODE> or <CODE>4</CODE> and denotes the | |
| 466 number of bytes per sample. This option is required, leaving it empty | |
| 467 results in a runtime error.</DD> | |
| 468 | |
| 469 <DT><CODE>f <format></CODE></DT> | |
| 470 <DD>is a text string describing the sample format. The string is a | |
| 471 concatenated mix of: <CODE>alaw</CODE>, <CODE>mulaw</CODE> or | |
| 472 <CODE>imaadpcm</CODE>, <CODE>float</CODE> or <CODE>int</CODE>, | |
| 473 <CODE>unsigned</CODE> or <CODE>signed</CODE>, <CODE>le</CODE> or | |
| 474 <CODE>be</CODE> (little or big endian). This option is required, leaving it | |
| 475 empty results in a runtime error.</DD> | |
| 476 </DL> | |
| 477 | |
| 478 <P>Example:<BR> | |
| 479 <CODE>mplayer -af format=4:float media.avi</CODE></P> | |
| 480 | |
| 481 <P>would set the output format to 4 bytes per sample floating point | |
| 482 data.</P> | |
| 483 | |
| 484 | |
| 485 <H4><A NAME="af_delay">2.3.2.3.4 Delay</A></H4> | |
| 486 | |
| 487 <P>The <CODE>delay</CODE> filter delays the sound to the loudspeakers such that | |
| 488 the sound from the different channels arrives at the listening position | |
| 489 simultaneously. | |
| 490 It is only useful if you have more than 2 loudspeakers. This filter has a | |
| 491 variable number of parameters:</P> | |
| 492 | |
| 493 <DL> | |
| 494 <DT><CODE>d1:d2:d3...</CODE></DT> | |
| 495 <DD>are floating point numbers representing the delays in ms that should be | |
| 496 imposed on the different channels. The minimum delay is 0ms and the maximum | |
| 497 is 1000ms.</DD> | |
| 498 </DL> | |
| 499 | |
| 500 <P>To calculate the required delay for the different channels do as follows:</P> | |
| 501 | |
| 502 <OL> | |
| 503 <LI>Measure the distance to the loudspeakers in meters in relation to your | |
| 504 listening position, giving you the distances s1 to s5 (for a 5.1 system). | |
| 505 There is no point in compensating for the sub-woofer (you will not hear the | |
| 506 difference anyway).</LI> | |
| 507 <LI>Subtract the distances s1 to s5 from the maximum distance i.e.<BR> | |
| 508 s[i] = max(s) - s[i]; i = 1...5</LI> | |
| 509 <LI>Calculated the required delays in ms as<BR> | |
| 510 d[i] = 1000*s[i]/342; i = 1...5 </LI> | |
| 511 </OL> | |
| 512 | |
| 513 <P>Example:<BR> | |
| 514 <CODE>mplayer -af delay=10.5:10.5:0:0:7:0 media.avi</CODE></P> | |
| 515 | |
| 516 <P>would delay front left and right by 10.5ms, the two rear channels and the sub | |
| 517 by 0ms and the center channel by 7ms.</P> | |
| 518 | |
| 519 | |
| 520 <H4><A NAME="af_volume">2.3.2.3.5 Software volume control</A></H4> | |
| 521 | |
| 522 <P>Software volume control is implemented by the <CODE>volume</CODE> audio | |
| 523 filter. Use this filter with caution since | |
| 524 it can reduce the signal to noise ratio of the sound. In most cases it is best | |
| 525 to set the level for the PCM sound to max, leave this filter out and control | |
| 526 the output level to your speakers with the master volume control of the mixer. | |
| 527 In case your sound card has a digital PCM mixer instead of an analog one, and | |
| 528 you hear distortion, use the MASTER mixer instead. | |
| 529 If there is an external amplifier connected to the computer (this is almost | |
| 530 always the case), the noise level can be minimized by adjusting the master | |
| 531 level and the volume knob on the amplifier until the hissing noise in the | |
| 532 background is gone. This filter has two options:</P> | |
| 533 | |
| 534 <DL> | |
| 535 <DT><CODE>v <-200 - +60></CODE></DT> | |
| 536 <DD>is a floating point number between <CODE>-200</CODE> and <CODE>+60</CODE> | |
| 537 which represents the volume level in dB. The default level is 0dB.</DD> | |
| 538 | |
| 539 <DT><CODE>c</CODE></DT> | |
| 540 <DD>is a binary control that turns soft clipping on and off. Soft-clipping can | |
| 541 make the sound more smooth if very high volume levels are used. Enable this | |
| 542 option if the dynamic range of the loudspeakers is very low. Be aware that | |
| 543 this feature creates distortion and should be considered a last resort.</DD> | |
| 544 </DL> | |
| 545 | |
| 546 <P>Example:<BR> | |
| 547 <CODE>mplayer -af volume=10.1:0 media.avi</CODE></P> | |
| 548 | |
| 549 <P>would amplify the sound by 10.1dB and hard-clip if the sound level is too | |
| 550 high.</P> | |
| 551 | |
| 552 <P>This filter has a second feature: It measures the overall maximum sound level | |
| 553 and prints out that level when MPlayer exits. This volume estimate can be used | |
| 554 for setting the sound level in MEncoder such that the maximum dynamic range is | |
| 555 utilized.</P> | |
| 556 | |
| 557 | |
| 558 <H4><A NAME="af_equalizer">2.3.2.3.6 Equalizer</A></H4> | |
| 559 | |
| 560 <P>The <CODE>equalizer</CODE> filter represents a 10 octave band graphic | |
| 561 equalizer, implemented using 10 IIR | |
| 562 band pass filters. This means that it works regardless of what type of audio | |
| 563 is being played back. The center frequencies for the 10 bands are:</P> | |
| 564 | |
| 565 <TABLE BORDER="0" WIDTH="100%"> | |
| 566 <TR><TD>Band No.</TD><TD>Center frequency</TD></TR> | |
| 567 <TR><TD>0</TD><TD>31.25 Hz</TD></TR> | |
| 568 <TR><TD>1</TD><TD>62.50 Hz</TD></TR> | |
| 569 <TR><TD>2</TD><TD>125.0 Hz</TD></TR> | |
| 570 <TR><TD>3</TD><TD>250.0 Hz</TD></TR> | |
| 571 <TR><TD>4</TD><TD>500.0 Hz</TD></TR> | |
| 572 <TR><TD>5</TD><TD>1.000 kHz</TD></TR> | |
| 573 <TR><TD>6</TD><TD>2.000 kHz</TD></TR> | |
| 574 <TR><TD>7</TD><TD>4.000 kHz</TD></TR> | |
| 575 <TR><TD>8</TD><TD>8.000 kHz</TD></TR> | |
| 576 <TR><TD>9</TD><TD>16.00 kHz</TD></TR> | |
| 577 </TABLE> | |
| 578 | |
| 579 <P>If the sample rate of the sound being played back is lower than the center | |
| 580 frequency for a frequency band, then that band will be disabled. A known bug | |
| 581 with this filter is that the characteristics for the uppermost band are not | |
| 582 completely symmetric if the sample rate is close to the center frequency of | |
| 583 that band. This problem can be worked around by up-sampling the sound using | |
| 584 the resample filter before it reaches this filter. </P> | |
| 585 | |
| 586 <P>This filter has 10 parameters:</P> | |
| 587 | |
| 588 <DL> | |
| 589 <DT><CODE>g1:g2:g3...g10</CODE></DT> | |
| 590 <DD>are floating point numbers between <CODE>-12</CODE> and <CODE>+12</CODE> | |
| 591 representing the gain in dB for each frequency band.</DD> | |
| 592 </DL> | |
| 593 | |
| 594 <P>Example:<BR> | |
| 595 <CODE>mplayer -af equalizer=11:11:10:5:0:-12:0:5:12:12 media.avi</CODE></P> | |
| 596 | |
| 597 <P>would amplify the sound in the upper and lower frequency region while | |
| 598 canceling it almost completely around 1kHz.</P> | |
| 599 | |
| 600 | |
| 601 <H4><A NAME="af_panning">2.3.2.3.7 Panning filter</A></H4> | |
| 602 | |
| 603 <P>Use the <CODE>pan</CODE> filter to mix channels arbitrarily. It is basically | |
| 604 a combination of the volume control and the channels filter. There are two | |
| 605 major uses for this filter:</P> | |
| 606 | |
| 607 <OL> | |
| 608 <LI>Down-mixing many channels to only a few, stereo to mono for example.</LI> | |
| 609 <LI>Varying the "width" of the center speaker in a surround sound system.</LI> | |
| 610 </OL> | |
| 611 | |
| 612 <P>This filter is hard to use, and will require some tinkering before the | |
| 613 desired result is obtained. The number of options for this filter depends on | |
| 614 the number of output channels:</P> | |
| 615 | |
| 616 <DL> | |
| 617 <DT><CODE>nch <1-6></CODE></DT> | |
| 618 <DD>is an integer between <CODE>1</CODE> and <CODE>6</CODE> and is used for | |
| 619 setting the number of output channels. This option is required, leaving it | |
| 620 empty results in a runtime error.</DD> | |
| 621 | |
| 622 <DT><CODE>l00:l01:l02:..l10:l11:l12:...ln0:ln1:ln2:...</CODE></DT> | |
| 623 <DD>are floating point values between <CODE>0</CODE> and <CODE>1</CODE>. | |
| 624 <CODE>l[i][j]</CODE> determines how much of input channel j is mixed into | |
| 625 output channel i.</DD> | |
| 626 </DL> | |
| 627 | |
| 628 <P>Example 1:<BR> | |
| 629 <CODE>mplayer -af pan=1:0.5:0.5 -channels 1 media.avi</CODE></P> | |
| 630 | |
| 631 <P>would down-mix from stereo to mono.</P> | |
| 632 | |
| 633 <P>Example 2:<BR> | |
| 634 <CODE>mplayer -af pan=3:1:0:1:0.5:0.5 -channels 3 media.avi</CODE></P> | |
| 635 | |
| 636 <P>would give 3 channel output leaving channels 0 and 1 intact, and mix channels | |
| 637 0 and 1 into output channel 2 (which could be sent to a sub-woofer for | |
| 638 example).</P> | |
| 639 | |
| 640 | |
| 641 <H4><A NAME="af_sub">2.3.2.3.8 Sub-woofer</A></H4> | |
| 642 | |
| 643 <P>The <CODE>sub</CODE> filter adds a sub woofer channel to the audio stream. | |
| 644 The audio data | |
| 645 used for creating the sub-woofer channel is an average of the sound in channel | |
| 646 0 and channel 1. The resulting sound is then low-pass filtered by a 4th | |
| 647 order Butterworth filter with a default cutoff frequency of 60Hz and added to | |
| 648 a separate channel in the audio stream. Warning: Disable this filter when you | |
| 649 are playing DVDs with Dolby Digital 5.1 sound, otherwise this filter will | |
| 650 disrupt the sound to the sub-woofer. This filter has two parameters:</P> | |
| 651 | |
| 652 <DL> | |
| 653 <DT><CODE>fc <20-300></CODE></DT> | |
| 654 <DD>is an optional floating point number used for setting the cutoff frequency | |
| 655 for the filter in Hz. The valid range is 20Hz to 300Hz. For the best result | |
| 656 try setting the cutoff frequency as low as possible. This will improve the | |
| 657 stereo or surround sound experience. The default cutoff frequency is | |
| 658 60Hz.</DD> | |
| 659 | |
| 660 <DT><CODE>ch <0-5></CODE></DT> | |
| 661 <DD>is an optional integer between <CODE>0</CODE> and <CODE>5</CODE> which | |
| 662 determines the channel number in which to insert the sub-channel audio. | |
| 663 The default is channel number <CODE>5</CODE>. Observe that the number of | |
| 664 channels will automatically be increased to <CODE>ch</CODE> if | |
| 665 necessary.</DD> | |
| 666 </DL> | |
| 667 | |
| 668 <P>Example:<BR> | |
| 669 <CODE>mplayer -af sub=100:4 -channels 5 media.avi</CODE></P> | |
| 670 | |
| 671 <P>would add a sub-woofer channel with a cutoff frequency of 100Hz to output | |
| 672 channel 4.</P> | |
| 673 | |
| 674 <H4><A NAME="af_surround">2.3.2.3.9 Surround-sound decoder</A></H4> | |
| 675 | |
| 676 <P>Matrix encoded surround sound can be decoded by the <CODE>surround</CODE> | |
| 677 filter. Dolby Surround is | |
| 678 an example of a matrix encoded format. Many files with 2 channel audio | |
| 679 actually contain matrixed surround sound. To use this feature you need a sound | |
| 680 card supporting at least 4 channels. This filter has one parameter:</P> | |
| 681 | |
| 682 <DL> | |
| 683 <DT><CODE>d <0-1000></CODE></DT> | |
| 684 <DD>is an optional floating point number between <CODE>0</CODE> and | |
| 685 <CODE>1000</CODE> used for setting the delay time in ms for the rear | |
| 686 speakers. This delay should be set as follows: if d1 is the distance from | |
| 687 the listening position to the front speakers and d2 is the distance from | |
| 688 the listening position to the rear speakers, then the delay <CODE>d</CODE> | |
| 689 should be set to 15ms if d1 <= d2 and to 15 + 5*(d1-d2) if d1 > d2. | |
| 690 The default value for <CODE>d</CODE> is 20ms.</DD> | |
| 691 </DL> | |
| 692 | |
| 693 <P>Example:<BR> | |
| 694 <CODE>mplayer -af surround=15 -channels 4 media.avi</CODE></P> | |
| 695 | |
| 696 <P>would add surround sound decoding with 15ms delay for the sound to the rear | |
| 697 speakers.</P> | |
| 698 | |
| 699 | |
| 700 <H4><A NAME="plugins">2.3.2.4 Audio plugins (deprecated)</A></H4> | |
| 701 | |
| 702 <H2><STRONG>Note: Audio plugins have been deprecated by audio filters and will be | |
| 703 removed soon.</STRONG></H2> | |
| 704 | |
| 705 <P>MPlayer has support for audio plugins. Audio plugins can be used to | |
| 706 change the properties of the audio data before it reaches the sound | |
| 707 card. They are enabled using the <CODE>-aop</CODE> option which takes a | |
| 708 <CODE>list=plugin1,plugin2,...</CODE> argument. The <CODE>list</CODE> argument | |
| 709 is required and determines which plugins should be used and in which order they | |
| 710 should be executed. Example:</P> | |
| 711 | |
| 712 <P> <CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=resample,format</CODE></P> | |
| 713 | |
| 714 <P>would run the sound through the resampling plugin followed by the format | |
| 715 plugin.</P> | |
| 716 | |
| 717 <P>The plugins can also have options that change their behavior. These | |
| 718 options are explained in detail in the sections below. A plugin will execute | |
| 719 using default settings if its options are omitted. Here is an example of how | |
| 720 to use plugins in combination with plugin specific options:</P> | |
| 721 | |
| 722 <P> <CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop | |
| 723 list=resample,format:fout=44100:format=0x8</CODE></P> | |
| 724 | |
| 725 <P>would set the output frequency of the resample plugin to 44100Hz and the | |
| 726 output format of the format plugin to AFMT_U8.</P> | |
| 727 | |
| 728 <P>Currently audio plugins cannot be used in MEncoder.</P> | |
| 729 | |
| 730 | |
| 731 <H4><A NAME="resample">2.3.2.4.1 Up/Downsampling</A></H4> | |
| 732 | |
| 733 <P>MPlayer fully supports up/downsampling of the sound. This plugin can | |
| 734 be used if you have a fixed frequency sound card or if you are | |
| 735 stuck with an old sound card that is only capable of max 44.1kHz. | |
| 736 MPlayer <EM>autodetects</EM> whether or not usage of this plugin is necessary. | |
| 737 This plugin has one option, <CODE>fout</CODE>, which is used for setting the | |
| 738 desired output sample frequency. The value is given in Hz, and defaults to | |
| 739 48kHz.</P> | |
| 740 | |
| 741 <P>Usage:<BR> | |
| 742 <CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=resample:fout=<required | |
| 743 frequency in Hz, like 44100></CODE></P> | |
| 744 | |
| 745 <P>Note that the output frequency should not be scaled up from the default value. | |
| 746 Scaling up will cause the audio and video streams to be played in slow motion | |
| 747 and cause audio distortion.</P> | |
| 748 | |
| 749 | |
| 750 <H4><A NAME="surround_decoding">2.3.2.4.2 Surround Sound decoding</A></H4> | |
| 751 | |
| 752 <P>MPlayer has an audio plugin that can decode matrix encoded | |
| 753 surround sound. Dolby Surround is an example of a matrix encoded format. | |
| 754 Many files with 2 channel audio actually contain matrixed surround sound. | |
| 755 To use this feature you need a sound card supporting at least 4 channels.</P> | |
| 756 | |
| 757 <P>Usage:<BR> | |
| 758 <CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=surround</CODE></P> | |
| 759 | |
| 760 | |
| 761 <H4><A NAME="format">2.3.2.3.3 Sample format converter</A></H4> | |
| 762 | |
| 763 <P>If your sound card driver does not support signed 16bit <CODE>int</CODE> data type, | |
| 764 this plugin can | |
| 765 be used to change the format to one which your sound card can understand. It | |
| 766 has one option, <CODE>format</CODE>, which can be set to one of the numbers | |
| 767 found in <CODE>libao2/afmt.h</CODE>. This plugin is hardly ever needed and is | |
| 768 intended for advanced users. Keep in mind that this plugin only changes the | |
| 769 sample format and not the sample frequency or the number of channels.</P> | |
| 770 | |
| 771 <P>Usage:<BR> | |
| 772 <CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop | |
| 773 list=format:format=<required output format></CODE></P> | |
| 774 | |
| 775 | |
| 776 <H4><A NAME="delay">2.3.2.4.4 Delay</A></H4> | |
| 777 | |
| 778 <P>This plugin delays the sound and is intended as an example of how to develop | |
| 779 new plugins. It can not be used for anything useful from a users perspective | |
| 780 and is mentioned here for the sake of completeness only. Do not use this | |
| 781 plugin unless you are a developer.</P> | |
| 782 | |
| 783 <P>If you have a file with a consistent A/V sync fault, use the <CODE>+/-</CODE> | |
| 784 keys to adjust timings on-the-fly instead. Usage of the OSD is recommended | |
| 785 to make this easier.</P> | |
| 786 | |
| 787 | |
| 788 <H4><A NAME="volume">2.3.2.4.5 Software volume control</A></H4> | |
| 789 | |
| 790 <P>This plugin is a software replacement for the volume control, and | |
| 791 can be used on machines with a broken mixer device. It can also be | |
| 792 used if one wants to change the output volume of MPlayer | |
| 793 without changing the PCM volume setting in the mixer. It has one | |
| 794 option <CODE>volume</CODE> that is used for setting the initial | |
| 795 sound level. The initial sound level can be set to values between 0 | |
| 796 and 255 and defaults to 101 which equals 0dB amplification. Use this | |
| 797 plugin with caution since it can reduce the signal to noise ratio of | |
| 798 the sound. In most cases it is best to set the level for the PCM | |
| 799 sound to max, leave this plugin out and control the output level to | |
| 800 your speakers with the MASTER volume control of the mixer. | |
| 801 In case your sound card has a digital PCM mixer instead of an analog one, and | |
| 802 you hear distortion, use the MASTER mixer instead. | |
| 803 external amplifier connected to the computer (this is almost always | |
| 804 the case), the noise level can be minimized by adjusting the master | |
| 805 level and the volume knob on the amplifier until the hissing noise | |
| 806 in the background is gone.</P> | |
| 807 | |
| 808 <P>Usage:<BR> | |
| 809 <CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop | |
| 810 list=volume:volume=<0-255></CODE></P> | |
| 811 | |
| 812 <P>This plugin also has compressor or "soft-clipping" capabilities. | |
| 813 Compression can be used if the dynamic range of the sound is very | |
| 814 high or if the dynamic range of the loudspeakers is very | |
| 815 low. Be aware that this feature creates distortion and should be | |
| 816 considered a last resort.</P> | |
| 817 | |
| 818 <P>Usage:<BR> | |
| 819 <CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop | |
| 820 list=volume:softclip</CODE></P> | |
| 821 | |
| 822 | |
| 823 <H4><A NAME="extrastereo">2.3.2.4.6 Extrastereo</A></H4> | |
| 824 | |
| 825 <P>This plugin (linearly) increases the difference between left and right | |
| 826 channels (like the XMMS extrastereo plugin) which gives some sort of "live" | |
| 827 effect to playback.</P> | |
| 828 | |
| 829 <P>Usage:<BR> | |
| 830 <CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=extrastereo</CODE><BR> | |
| 831 <CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=extrastereo:mul=3.45</CODE></P> | |
| 832 | |
| 833 <P>The default coefficient (<CODE>mul</CODE>) is a float number that defaults | |
| 834 to 2.5. If you set it to 0.0, you will have mono sound (average of both | |
| 835 channels). If you set it to 1.0, sound will be unchanged, if you set it to | |
| 836 -1.0, left and right channels will be swapped.</P> | |
| 837 | |
| 838 | |
| 839 <H4><A NAME="normalizer">2.3.2.4.7 Volume normalizer</A></H4> | |
| 840 | |
| 841 <P>This plugin maximizes the volume without distorting the sound.</P> | |
| 842 | |
| 843 <P>Usage:<BR> | |
| 844 <CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=volnorm</CODE><BR> | |
| 845 | |
| 846 | |
| 847 </BODY> | |
| 848 </HTML> |