comparison DOCS/cd-dvd.html @ 7992:39d486e8836d

fixes

7991:75943da5f402

  suid-root fibmap_mplayer wrapper program.</P>

<H4>DVD structure</H4>

<P>DVD disks use all 2048 b/s sectors with ecc/crc. They usually have an UDF
filesystem on a single track, containing various files (small .IFO and .BUK
files and big (1GB) .VOB files). They are real files and can be copied/played
from a mounted file system of an unencrypted DVD.</P>

<P>The .IFO files contain the movie navigation informations (chapter/title/angle
map, language table, etc) and is needed to read and interpret the .VOB content
(movie). The .BUK files are backups of them. They use <B>sectors</B> everywhere,
so you need to use raw addressing of sectors of the disc to implement DVD
navigation. It's also needed to decrypt the content.</P>

<P>The whole old-style DVD support with libcss needs therefore a mounted DVD
filesystem and a raw sector-based access to the device. Unfortunately you must
be root (under Linux) to get the sector address of a file. You got the
following choices:</P>

<UL>
  <LI>Force the user to be root or use a suid-root mplayer binary.</LI>
  <LI>Let MPlayer call the suid-root fibmap_mplayer wrapper program to access
    the DVD (used in the old-style DVD playback over libcss).</LI>

    have their own, built-in udf fs driver. Also the dvd, doesn't needs to be
    mounted as only the raw sector-based access is used.</LI>
</UL>

<P>Sometimes /dev/dvd can't be read by users, so the libdvdread authors
implemented an emulation layer which transfers sector addresses to
filenames+offsets, to emulate raw access on the top of a mounted filesystem
or even on a hard disk.</P>

<P>libdvdread even accepts the mountpoint instead of the device name for raw
access and checks in <CODE>/proc/mounts</CODE> to get the device name. It was
developed for Solaris, where device names are dynamically allocated.</P>

<P>The default DVD device is <CODE>/dev/dvd</CODE>. If your setup differs,
make a symlink, or specify the correct device on the command line with the
<CODE>-dvd-device</CODE> option.</P>

<H4>DVD authentication</H4>

<P>The authentication and decryption method of the new-style DVD support is done
  using a patched libdvdcss (see above). The method can be specified over the

<OL>
  <LI><B>bus key:</B> This key is negotiated during authentication (a long mix
    of ioctls and various key exchanges, crypto stuff) and is used to encrypt
    the title and disk keys before sending them over the unprotected bus
    (to prevent eavesdropping). The bus key is needed to get and predecrypt the
    crypted disk key.
  <LI><B>cached key:</B> MPlayer looks for eventually already cracked
    title keys which are stored in the <CODE>~/.mplayer/DVDKeys</CODE> directory
    (fast ;).</LI>
  <LI><B>key:</B> If no cached key is available, MPlayer tries to
    decrypt the disk key with a set of included player keys.
  <LI><B>disk:</B> If the key method fails (e.g. no included player keys),
    MPlayer will crack the disk key using a brute force algorithm.
    This process is CPU intensive and requires 64 MB of memory (16M 32bit
    entries hash table) to store temporary data. This method should always
    work (slow).</LI>
  <LI><B>title request:</B>With the disk key MPlayer requests the crypted title
    keys, which are inside <I>hidden sectors</I> using <CODE>ioctl()</CODE>.
    The region protection of RPC-2 drives is performed in this step and may
    fail on such drives. If it succeeds, the title keys will be decrypted with
    the bus and disk key.
  <LI><B>title:</B> This method is used if the title request failed and does
    not rely on any key exchange with the DVD drive. It uses a crypto attack to
    guess the title key directly (by finding a repeating pattern in the
    decrypted VOB content and guessing that that the plain text for first
    encrypted bytes are a continuation of that pattern).

<H2><A NAME="vcd">4.3 VCD playback</A></H2>

<P>For the complete list of available options, please read the man page.
The Syntax for a standard Video CD (VCD) is as followed:
<CODE>mplayer -vcd &lt;track&gt; [-cdrom-device &lt;device&gt;]</CODE>.<BR>
Example: <CODE>mplayer -vcd 2 -cdrom-device /dev/hdc</CODE></P>

<H4>VCD structure</H4>

<P>VCD disks consists of 2 or more track:</P>

</UL>

<P>About .DAT files:</P>

<P>The ~600 MB file visible on the first track of the mounted vcd isn't a real
file! It's a so called iso gateway, created to allow Windows to handle such
tracks (Windows doesn't allow raw device access to applications at all).
Under linux, you cannot copy or play such files (they contain garbage).
Under Windows it is possible as its iso9660 driver emulates the raw reading of
tracks in this file. To play a .DAT file you need a kernel driver which can be
found in the Linux version of PowerDVD. It has a modified iso9660 filesystem
(vcdfs/isofs-2.4.X.o) driver, which is able to emulate the
raw tracks through this shadow .DAT file. If you mount the disc using their
driver, you can copy and even play .DAT files with mplayer. But it <B>won't
work</B> with the standard iso9660 driver of the kernel! It is recommended to
use the <CODE>-vcd</CODE> option instead. Alternate options for VCD copy are
the new cdfs kernel driver (shows CD <I>sessions</I> as image files) and
cdrdao (a bit-to-bit cd grabber/copier application).</P>

<P>The default VCD device is <CODE>/dev/cdrom</CODE>. If your setup differs,
make a symlink, or specify the correct device on the command line with the
<CODE>-cdrom-device</CODE> option.</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>

7992:39d486e8836d

  suid-root fibmap_mplayer wrapper program.</P>

<H4>DVD structure</H4>

<P>DVD disks use all 2048 b/s sectors with ecc/crc. They usually have an UDF
  filesystem on a single track, containing various files (small .IFO and .BUK
  files and big (1GB) .VOB files). They are real files and can be copied/played
  from a mounted file system of an unencrypted DVD.</P>

<P>The .IFO files contain the movie navigation informations (chapter/title/angle
  map, language table, etc) and is needed to read and interpret the .VOB content
  (movie). The .BUK files are backups of them. They use <B>sectors</B> everywhere,
  so you need to use raw addressing of sectors of the disc to implement DVD
  navigation. It's also needed to decrypt the content.</P>

<P>The whole old-style DVD support with libcss needs therefore a mounted DVD
  filesystem and a raw sector-based access to the device. Unfortunately you must
  be root (under Linux) to get the sector address of a file. You got the
  following choices:</P>

<UL>
  <LI>Force the user to be root or use a suid-root mplayer binary.</LI>
  <LI>Let MPlayer call the suid-root fibmap_mplayer wrapper program to access
    the DVD (used in the old-style DVD playback over libcss).</LI>

    have their own, built-in udf fs driver. Also the dvd, doesn't needs to be
    mounted as only the raw sector-based access is used.</LI>
</UL>

<P>Sometimes /dev/dvd can't be read by users, so the libdvdread authors
  implemented an emulation layer which transfers sector addresses to
  filenames+offsets, to emulate raw access on the top of a mounted filesystem
  or even on a hard disk.</P>

<P>libdvdread even accepts the mountpoint instead of the device name for raw
  access and checks in <CODE>/proc/mounts</CODE> to get the device name. It was
  developed for Solaris, where device names are dynamically allocated.</P>

<P>The default DVD device is <CODE>/dev/dvd</CODE>. If your setup differs,
  make a symlink, or specify the correct device on the command line with the
  <CODE>-dvd-device</CODE> option.</P>

<H4>DVD authentication</H4>

<P>The authentication and decryption method of the new-style DVD support is done
  using a patched libdvdcss (see above). The method can be specified over the

<OL>
  <LI><B>bus key:</B> This key is negotiated during authentication (a long mix
    of ioctls and various key exchanges, crypto stuff) and is used to encrypt
    the title and disk keys before sending them over the unprotected bus
    (to prevent eavesdropping). The bus key is needed to get and predecrypt the
    crypted disk key.</LI>
  <LI><B>cached key:</B> MPlayer looks for eventually already cracked
    title keys which are stored in the <CODE>~/.mplayer/DVDKeys</CODE> directory
    (fast ;).</LI>
  <LI><B>key:</B> If no cached key is available, MPlayer tries to
    decrypt the disk key with a set of included player keys.</LI>
  <LI><B>disk:</B> If the key method fails (e.g. no included player keys),
    MPlayer will crack the disk key using a brute force algorithm.
    This process is CPU intensive and requires 64 MB of memory (16M 32bit
    entries hash table) to store temporary data. This method should always
    work (slow).</LI>
  <LI><B>title request:</B> With the disk key MPlayer requests the crypted title
    keys, which are inside <I>hidden sectors</I> using <CODE>ioctl()</CODE>.
    The region protection of RPC-2 drives is performed in this step and may
    fail on such drives. If it succeeds, the title keys will be decrypted with
    the bus and disk key.</LI>
  <LI><B>title:</B> This method is used if the title request failed and does
    not rely on any key exchange with the DVD drive. It uses a crypto attack to
    guess the title key directly (by finding a repeating pattern in the
    decrypted VOB content and guessing that that the plain text for first
    encrypted bytes are a continuation of that pattern).

<H2><A NAME="vcd">4.3 VCD playback</A></H2>

<P>For the complete list of available options, please read the man page.
  The Syntax for a standard Video CD (VCD) is as followed:
  <CODE>mplayer -vcd &lt;track&gt; [-cdrom-device &lt;device&gt;]</CODE>.<BR>
  Example: <CODE>mplayer -vcd 2 -cdrom-device /dev/hdc</CODE></P>

<H4>VCD structure</H4>

<P>VCD disks consists of 2 or more track:</P>

</UL>

<P>About .DAT files:</P>

<P>The ~600 MB file visible on the first track of the mounted vcd isn't a real
  file! It's a so called iso gateway, created to allow Windows to handle such
  tracks (Windows doesn't allow raw device access to applications at all).
  Under linux, you cannot copy or play such files (they contain garbage).
  Under Windows it is possible as its iso9660 driver emulates the raw reading of
  tracks in this file. To play a .DAT file you need a kernel driver which can be
  found in the Linux version of PowerDVD. It has a modified iso9660 filesystem
  (vcdfs/isofs-2.4.X.o) driver, which is able to emulate the
  raw tracks through this shadow .DAT file. If you mount the disc using their
  driver, you can copy and even play .DAT files with mplayer. But it <B>won't
  work</B> with the standard iso9660 driver of the kernel! It is recommended to
  use the <CODE>-vcd</CODE> option instead. Alternate options for VCD copy are
  the new cdfs kernel driver (shows CD <I>sessions</I> as image files) and
  cdrdao (a bit-to-bit cd grabber/copier application).</P>

<P>The default VCD device is <CODE>/dev/cdrom</CODE>. If your setup differs,
  make a symlink, or specify the correct device on the command line with the
  <CODE>-cdrom-device</CODE> option.</P>

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</HTML>