Mercurial > mplayer.hg
comparison DOCS/xml/en/encoding-guide.xml @ 16086:6c16b60516f3
Moves the "audio" section just before the "muxing" section. + fixes suggested by Jeff
author | gpoirier |
---|---|
date | Sun, 24 Jul 2005 21:37:24 +0000 |
parents | c1dd920e736c |
children | e56a9eacfbc7 |
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16085:c1dd920e736c | 16086:6c16b60516f3 |
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970 Other parameters such as scaling, cropping, etc. will | 970 Other parameters such as scaling, cropping, etc. will |
971 <emphasis role="bold">not</emphasis> alter the file size unless you | 971 <emphasis role="bold">not</emphasis> alter the file size unless you |
972 change the bitrate as well!. | 972 change the bitrate as well!. |
973 </para> | 973 </para> |
974 <para> | 974 <para> |
975 Bitrate does <emphasis role="bold">not</emphasis> scale proportional | 975 Bitrate does <emphasis role="bold">not</emphasis> scale proportionally |
976 to resolution. | 976 to resolution. |
977 That is to say, a 320x240 file at 200 kbit/sec will not be the same | 977 That is to say, a 320x240 file at 200 kbit/sec will not be the same |
978 quality as the same movie at 640x480 and 800 kbit/sec! | 978 quality as the same movie at 640x480 and 800 kbit/sec! |
979 There are two reasons for this: | 979 There are two reasons for this: |
980 <orderedlist> | 980 <orderedlist> |
1008 comparable to 640x480 at 800 kbit/sec. | 1008 comparable to 640x480 at 800 kbit/sec. |
1009 However this has not been verified with theoretical or empirical | 1009 However this has not been verified with theoretical or empirical |
1010 rigor. | 1010 rigor. |
1011 Further, given that movies vary greatly with regard to noise, detail, | 1011 Further, given that movies vary greatly with regard to noise, detail, |
1012 degree of motion, etc., it's futile to make general recommendations | 1012 degree of motion, etc., it's futile to make general recommendations |
1013 for bits per length-of-diagonal (the analogue of bits per pixel, | 1013 for bits per length-of-diagonal (the analog of bits per pixel, |
1014 using the square root). | 1014 using the square root). |
1015 </para> | 1015 </para> |
1016 <para> | 1016 <para> |
1017 So far we have discussed the difficulty of choosing a bitrate and | 1017 So far we have discussed the difficulty of choosing a bitrate and |
1018 resolution. | 1018 resolution. |
1079 be wasting bits without any noticeable quality gain. | 1079 be wasting bits without any noticeable quality gain. |
1080 </para> | 1080 </para> |
1081 </sect3> | 1081 </sect3> |
1082 | 1082 |
1083 </sect2> | 1083 </sect2> |
1084 | |
1085 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-filtering"> | |
1086 <title>Filtering</title> | |
1087 | |
1088 <para> | |
1089 In general, you want to do as little filtering as possible to the movie | |
1090 in order to remain close to the original DVD source. Cropping is often | |
1091 necessary (as described above), but avoid to scale the video. Although | |
1092 scaling down is sometimes preferred to using higher quantizers, we want | |
1093 to avoid both these things: remember that we decided from the start to | |
1094 trade bits for quality. | |
1095 </para> | |
1096 | |
1097 <para> | |
1098 Also, do not adjust gamma, contrast, brightness, etc. What looks good | |
1099 on your display may not look good on others. These adjustments should | |
1100 be done on playback only. | |
1101 </para> | |
1102 | |
1103 <para> | |
1104 One thing you might want to do, however, is pass the video through a | |
1105 very light denoise filter, such as <option>-vf hqdn3d=2:1:2</option>. | |
1106 Again, it is a matter of putting those bits to better use: why waste them | |
1107 encoding noise when you can just add that noise back in during playback? | |
1108 Increasing the parameters for <option>hqdn3d</option> will further | |
1109 improve compressibility, but if you increase the values too much, you | |
1110 risk degrading the image visibily. The suggested values above | |
1111 (<option>2:1:2</option>) are quite conservative; you should feel free to | |
1112 experiment with higher values and observe the results for yourself. | |
1113 </para> | |
1114 | |
1115 </sect2> | |
1116 | |
1117 | |
1118 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-interlacing"> | |
1119 <title>Interlacing and Telecine</title> | |
1120 | |
1121 <para> | |
1122 Almost all movies are shot at 24 fps. Because NTSC is 30000/1001 fps, some | |
1123 processing must be done to this 24 fps video to make it run at the correct | |
1124 NTSC framerate. The process is called 3:2 pulldown, commonly referred to | |
1125 as telecine (because pulldown is often applied during the telecine | |
1126 process), and, naively described, it works by slowing the film down to | |
1127 24000/1001 fps, and repeating every fourth frame. | |
1128 </para> | |
1129 | |
1130 <para> | |
1131 No special processing, however, is done to the video for PAL DVDs, which | |
1132 run at 25 fps. (Technically, PAL can be telecined, called 2:2 pulldown, | |
1133 but this does not become an issue in practice.) The 24 fps film is simply | |
1134 played back at 25 fps. The result is that the movie runs slightly faster, | |
1135 but unless you are an alien, you probably will not notice the difference. | |
1136 Most PAL DVDs have pitch-corrected audio, so when they are played back at | |
1137 25 fps things will sound right, even though the audio track (and hence the | |
1138 whole movie) has a running time that is 4% less than NTSC DVDs. | |
1139 </para> | |
1140 | |
1141 <para> | |
1142 Because the video in a PAL DVD has not been altered, you needn't worry | |
1143 much about framerate. The source is 25 fps, and your rip will be 25 | |
1144 fps. However, if you are ripping an NTSC DVD movie, you may need to | |
1145 apply inverse telecine. | |
1146 </para> | |
1147 | |
1148 <para> | |
1149 For movies shot at 24 fps, the video on the NTSC DVD is either telecined | |
1150 30000/1001, or else it is progressive 24000/1001 fps and intended to be telecined | |
1151 on-the-fly by a DVD player. On the other hand, TV series are usually | |
1152 only interlaced, not telecined. This is not a hard rule: some TV series | |
1153 are interlaced (such as Buffy the Vampire Slayer) whereas some are a | |
1154 mixture of progressive and interlaced (such as Angel, or 24). | |
1155 </para> | |
1156 | |
1157 <para> | |
1158 It is highly recommended that you read the section on | |
1159 <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine">How to deal with telecine and interlacing in NTSC DVDs</link> | |
1160 to learn how to handle the different possibilities. | |
1161 </para> | |
1162 | |
1163 <para> | |
1164 However, if you are mostly just ripping movies, likely you are either | |
1165 dealing with 24 fps progressive or telecined video, in which case you can | |
1166 use the <option>pullup</option> filter <option>-vf | |
1167 pullup,softskip</option>. | |
1168 </para> | |
1169 | |
1170 </sect2> | |
1171 | |
1172 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-encoding-interlaced"> | |
1173 <title>Encoding interlaced video</title> | |
1174 | |
1175 <para> | |
1176 If the movie you want to encode is interlaced (NTSC video or | |
1177 PAL video), you will need to choose whether you want to | |
1178 deinterlace or not. | |
1179 While deinterlacing will make your movie usable on progressive | |
1180 scan displays such a computer monitors and projectors, it comes | |
1181 at a cost: The fieldrate of 50 or 60000/1001 fields per second | |
1182 is halved to 25 or 30000/1001 frames per second, and roughly half of | |
1183 the information in your movie will be lost during scenes with | |
1184 significant motion. | |
1185 </para> | |
1186 | |
1187 <para> | |
1188 Therefore, if you are encoding for high quality archival purposes, | |
1189 it is recommended not to deinterlace. | |
1190 You can always deinterlace the movie at playback time when | |
1191 displaying it on progressive scan devices, and future players will | |
1192 be able to deinterlace to full fieldrate, interpolating 50 or | |
1193 60000/1001 entire frames per second from the interlaced video. | |
1194 </para> | |
1195 | |
1196 <para> | |
1197 Special care must be taken when working with interlaced video: | |
1198 </para> | |
1199 | |
1200 <orderedlist> | |
1201 <listitem><para> | |
1202 Crop height and y-offset must be multiples of 4. | |
1203 </para></listitem> | |
1204 <listitem><para> | |
1205 Any vertical scaling must be performed in interlaced mode. | |
1206 </para></listitem> | |
1207 <listitem><para> | |
1208 Postprocessing and denoising filters may not work as expected | |
1209 unless you take special care to operate them a field at a time, | |
1210 and they may damage the video if used incorrectly. | |
1211 </para></listitem> | |
1212 </orderedlist> | |
1213 | |
1214 <para> | |
1215 With these things in mind, here is our first example: | |
1216 </para> | |
1217 <screen> | |
1218 mencoder <replaceable>capture.avi</replaceable> -mc 0 -oac lavc -ovc lavc -lavcopts \ | |
1219 vcodec=mpeg2video:vbitrate=6000:ilmv:ildct:acodec=mp2:abitrate=224 | |
1220 </screen> | |
1221 <para> | |
1222 Note the <option>ilmv</option> and <option>ildct</option> options. | |
1223 </para> | |
1224 </sect2> | |
1225 | |
1084 | 1226 |
1085 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-audio"> | 1227 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-audio"> |
1086 <title>Audio</title> | 1228 <title>Audio</title> |
1087 | 1229 |
1088 <para> | 1230 <para> |
1140 containers as an output, each of which may lead to audio/video | 1282 containers as an output, each of which may lead to audio/video |
1141 playback synchronization problems with some players when the AVI file | 1283 playback synchronization problems with some players when the AVI file |
1142 contain VBR audio streams such as Vorbis. | 1284 contain VBR audio streams such as Vorbis. |
1143 Do not worry, this document will show you how you can do that with third | 1285 Do not worry, this document will show you how you can do that with third |
1144 party programs. | 1286 party programs. |
1145 </para> | |
1146 | |
1147 </sect2> | |
1148 | |
1149 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-interlacing"> | |
1150 <title>Interlacing and Telecine</title> | |
1151 | |
1152 <para> | |
1153 Almost all movies are shot at 24 fps. Because NTSC is 30000/1001 fps, some | |
1154 processing must be done to this 24 fps video to make it run at the correct | |
1155 NTSC framerate. The process is called 3:2 pulldown, commonly referred to | |
1156 as telecine (because pulldown is often applied during the telecine | |
1157 process), and, naively described, it works by slowing the film down to | |
1158 24000/1001 fps, and repeating every fourth frame. | |
1159 </para> | |
1160 | |
1161 <para> | |
1162 No special processing, however, is done to the video for PAL DVDs, which | |
1163 run at 25 fps. (Technically, PAL can be telecined, called 2:2 pulldown, | |
1164 but this does not become an issue in practice.) The 24 fps film is simply | |
1165 played back at 25 fps. The result is that the movie runs slightly faster, | |
1166 but unless you are an alien, you probably will not notice the difference. | |
1167 Most PAL DVDs have pitch-corrected audio, so when they are played back at | |
1168 25 fps things will sound right, even though the audio track (and hence the | |
1169 whole movie) has a running time that is 4% less than NTSC DVDs. | |
1170 </para> | |
1171 | |
1172 <para> | |
1173 Because the video in a PAL DVD has not been altered, you needn't worry | |
1174 much about framerate. The source is 25 fps, and your rip will be 25 | |
1175 fps. However, if you are ripping an NTSC DVD movie, you may need to | |
1176 apply inverse telecine. | |
1177 </para> | |
1178 | |
1179 <para> | |
1180 For movies shot at 24 fps, the video on the NTSC DVD is either telecined | |
1181 30000/1001, or else it is progressive 24000/1001 fps and intended to be telecined | |
1182 on-the-fly by a DVD player. On the other hand, TV series are usually | |
1183 only interlaced, not telecined. This is not a hard rule: some TV series | |
1184 are interlaced (such as Buffy the Vampire Slayer) whereas some are a | |
1185 mixture of progressive and interlaced (such as Angel, or 24). | |
1186 </para> | |
1187 | |
1188 <para> | |
1189 It is highly recommended that you read the section on | |
1190 <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine">How to deal with telecine and interlacing in NTSC DVDs</link> | |
1191 to learn how to handle the different possibilities. | |
1192 </para> | |
1193 | |
1194 <para> | |
1195 However, if you are mostly just ripping movies, likely you are either | |
1196 dealing with 24 fps progressive or telecined video, in which case you can | |
1197 use the <option>pullup</option> filter <option>-vf | |
1198 pullup,softskip</option>. | |
1199 </para> | |
1200 | |
1201 </sect2> | |
1202 | |
1203 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-encoding-interlaced"> | |
1204 <title>Encoding interlaced video</title> | |
1205 | |
1206 <para> | |
1207 If the movie you want to encode is interlaced (NTSC video or | |
1208 PAL video), you will need to choose whether you want to | |
1209 deinterlace or not. | |
1210 While deinterlacing will make your movie usable on progressive | |
1211 scan displays such a computer monitors and projectors, it comes | |
1212 at a cost: The fieldrate of 50 or 60000/1001 fields per second | |
1213 is halved to 25 or 30000/1001 frames per second, and roughly half of | |
1214 the information in your movie will be lost during scenes with | |
1215 significant motion. | |
1216 </para> | |
1217 | |
1218 <para> | |
1219 Therefore, if you are encoding for high quality archival purposes, | |
1220 it is recommended not to deinterlace. | |
1221 You can always deinterlace the movie at playback time when | |
1222 displaying it on progressive scan devices, and future players will | |
1223 be able to deinterlace to full fieldrate, interpolating 50 or | |
1224 60000/1001 entire frames per second from the interlaced video. | |
1225 </para> | |
1226 | |
1227 <para> | |
1228 Special care must be taken when working with interlaced video: | |
1229 </para> | |
1230 | |
1231 <orderedlist> | |
1232 <listitem><para> | |
1233 Crop height and y-offset must be multiples of 4. | |
1234 </para></listitem> | |
1235 <listitem><para> | |
1236 Any vertical scaling must be performed in interlaced mode. | |
1237 </para></listitem> | |
1238 <listitem><para> | |
1239 Postprocessing and denoising filters may not work as expected | |
1240 unless you take special care to operate them a field at a time, | |
1241 and they may damage the video if used incorrectly. | |
1242 </para></listitem> | |
1243 </orderedlist> | |
1244 | |
1245 <para> | |
1246 With these things in mind, here is our first example: | |
1247 </para> | |
1248 <screen> | |
1249 mencoder <replaceable>capture.avi</replaceable> -mc 0 -oac lavc -ovc lavc -lavcopts \ | |
1250 vcodec=mpeg2video:vbitrate=6000:ilmv:ildct:acodec=mp2:abitrate=224 | |
1251 </screen> | |
1252 <para> | |
1253 Note the <option>ilmv</option> and <option>ildct</option> options. | |
1254 </para> | |
1255 </sect2> | |
1256 | |
1257 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-filtering"> | |
1258 <title>Filtering</title> | |
1259 | |
1260 <para> | |
1261 In general, you want to do as little filtering as possible to the movie | |
1262 in order to remain close to the original DVD source. Cropping is often | |
1263 necessary (as described above), but do not scale the video. Although | |
1264 scaling down is sometimes preferred to using higher quantizers, we want | |
1265 to avoid both these things: remember that we decided from the start to | |
1266 trade bits for quality. | |
1267 </para> | |
1268 | |
1269 <para> | |
1270 Also, do not adjust gamma, contrast, brightness, etc. What looks good | |
1271 on your display may not look good on others. These adjustments should | |
1272 be done on playback only. | |
1273 </para> | |
1274 | |
1275 <para> | |
1276 One thing you might want to do, however, is pass the video through a | |
1277 very light denoise filter, such as <option>-vf hqdn3d=2:1:2</option>. | |
1278 Again, it is a matter of putting those bits to better use: why waste them | |
1279 encoding noise when you can just add that noise back in during playback? | |
1280 Increasing the parameters for <option>hqdn3d</option> will further | |
1281 improve compressibility, but if you increase the values too much, you | |
1282 risk degrading the image visibily. The suggested values above | |
1283 (<option>2:1:2</option>) are quite conservative; you should feel free to | |
1284 experiment with higher values and observe the results for yourself. | |
1285 </para> | 1287 </para> |
1286 | 1288 |
1287 </sect2> | 1289 </sect2> |
1288 | 1290 |
1289 | 1291 |