comparison libaf/af_hrtf.c @ 15082:71570687c1a3

HRTF filter updates: - Bass compensation gain corrected (which was set too low), now the sound should be even more transparent - A (unified) dual axes active matrix decoder with adaptive steering - capable of decoding matrix surround encoded inputs, with stereo rear - capable of decoding matrix encoded rear center - Purely stereo mixing without unneccessary rear filter calculations - The decoding structure message is moved, because at the old place it gave incorrect messages. Patch by Yue Shi Lai <[e-mail]>

15081:2e628bcd6dd5

    /* Bass */
    float *ba_l, *ba_r;
    float *ba_ir;
    /* Whether to matrix decode the rear center channel */
    int matrix_mode;
    /* Full wave rectified amplitude used to steer the active matrix
       decoding of center rear channel */
    float lr_fwr, rr_fwr;
    /* Cyclic position on the ring buffer */
    int cyc_pos;
} af_hrtf_t;

/* Convolution on a ring buffer
 *    nx:	length of the ring buffer
 *    nk:	length of the convolution kernel

	if(fabs(sx[i]) > thresh)
	    return i;
    return 0;
}

inline void update_ch(af_hrtf_t *s, short *in, const int k)
{
    /* Update the full wave rectified total amplutude */
    s->lr_fwr += abs(in[2]) - fabs(s->lr[k]);
    s->rr_fwr += abs(in[3]) - fabs(s->rr[k]);

    s->lf[k] = in[0];
    s->cf[k] = in[4];
    s->rf[k] = in[1];
    s->lr[k] = in[2];
    s->rr[k] = in[3];

    s->ba_l[k] = in[0] + in[4] + in[2];
    s->ba_r[k] = in[4] + in[1] + in[3];
}

inline void matrix_decode_cr(af_hrtf_t *s, short *in, const int k)
{
    /* Active matrix decoding of the center rear channel, 1 in the
       denominator is to prevent singularity */
    float lr_agc = in[2] * (s->lr_fwr + s->rr_fwr) /
	(1 + s->lr_fwr + s->lr_fwr);
    float rr_agc = in[3] * (s->lr_fwr + s->rr_fwr) /
	(1 + s->rr_fwr + s->rr_fwr);

    s->cr[k] = (lr_agc + rr_agc) * M_SQRT1_2;
}

/* Initialization and runtime control */
static int control(struct af_instance_s *af, int cmd, void* arg)
{

	    return AF_ERROR;
	}
	af->data->nch    = ((af_data_t*)arg)->nch;
	if(af->data->nch < 5) {
	    af->data->nch = 5;
	}
	af->data->format = AF_FORMAT_S16_NE;
	af->data->bps    = 2;
	return af_test_output(af, (af_data_t*)arg);
    case AF_CONTROL_COMMAND_LINE:
	sscanf((char*)arg, "%c", &mode);
	switch(mode) {
	case 'm':
	    s->matrix_mode = 1;
	    break;
	case '0':
	    s->matrix_mode = 0;
	    break;
	default:
	    af_msg(AF_MSG_ERROR,
		   "[hrtf] Mode is neither 'm', nor '0' (%c).\n",
		   mode);
	    return AF_ERROR;
	}
	return AF_OK;
    }    

    af_msg(AF_MSG_INFO,
	   "[hrtf] Using HRTF to mix %s discrete surround into "
	   "L, R channels\n", s->matrix_mode ? "5" : "5+1");
    if(s->matrix_mode)
	af_msg(AF_MSG_INFO,
	       "[hrtf] Using active matrix to decode rear center "
	       "channel\n");

    return AF_UNKNOWN;
}

/* Deallocate memory */

	    free(s->ba_l);
	if(s->ba_r)
	    free(s->ba_r);
	if(s->ba_ir)
	    free(s->ba_ir);
	free(af->setup);
    }
    if(af->data)
	free(af->data);
}

    float common, left, right, diff, left_b, right_b;
    const int dblen = s->dlbuflen, hlen = s->hrflen, blen = s->basslen;

    if(AF_OK != RESIZE_LOCAL_BUFFER(af, data))
	return NULL;

    out = af->data->audio;

    /* MPlayer's 5 channel layout (notation for the variable):
     * 

	   psycho-acoustically "cheating" to focus the center front
	   channel, which is normally hard to be perceived as front */
	s->lf[k] += CFECHOAMPL * s->cf[(k + CFECHODELAY) % s->dlbuflen];
	s->rf[k] += CFECHOAMPL * s->cf[(k + CFECHODELAY) % s->dlbuflen];

	/* Mixer filter matrix */
	common = conv(dblen, hlen, s->cf, s->cf_ir, k + s->cf_o);
	if(s->matrix_mode) {
	    /* In matrix decoding mode, the rear channel gain must be
	       renormalized, as there is an additional channel. */
	    matrix_decode_cr(s, in, k);
	    common +=
		conv(dblen, hlen, s->cr, s->cr_ir, k + s->cr_o) *
		M1_76DB;
	    left    =
		( conv(dblen, hlen, s->lf, s->af_ir, k + s->af_o) +
		  conv(dblen, hlen, s->rf, s->of_ir, k + s->of_o) +
		  (conv(dblen, hlen, s->lr, s->ar_ir, k + s->ar_o) +
		   conv(dblen, hlen, s->rr, s->or_ir, k + s->or_o)) *
		  M1_76DB + common);
	    right   =
		( conv(dblen, hlen, s->rf, s->af_ir, k + s->af_o) +
		  conv(dblen, hlen, s->lf, s->of_ir, k + s->of_o) +
		  (conv(dblen, hlen, s->rr, s->ar_ir, k + s->ar_o) +
		   conv(dblen, hlen, s->lr, s->or_ir, k + s->or_o)) *
		  M1_76DB + common);
	}
	else {
	    left    =
		( conv(dblen, hlen, s->lf, s->af_ir, k + s->af_o) +
		  conv(dblen, hlen, s->rf, s->of_ir, k + s->of_o) +
		  conv(dblen, hlen, s->lr, s->ar_ir, k + s->ar_o) +
		  conv(dblen, hlen, s->rr, s->or_ir, k + s->or_o) +
		  common);
	    right   =
		( conv(dblen, hlen, s->rf, s->af_ir, k + s->af_o) +
		  conv(dblen, hlen, s->lf, s->of_ir, k + s->of_o) +
		  conv(dblen, hlen, s->rr, s->ar_ir, k + s->ar_o) +
		  conv(dblen, hlen, s->lr, s->or_ir, k + s->or_o) +
		  common);
	}

	/* Bass compensation for the lower frequency cut of the HRTF.  A
	   cross talk of the left and right channel is introduced to
	   match the directional characteristics of higher frequencies.
	   The bass will not have any real 3D perception, but that is
	   OK. */
	left_b  = conv(dblen, blen, s->ba_l, s->ba_ir, k);
	right_b = conv(dblen, blen, s->ba_r, s->ba_ir, k);
	left  += (1 - BASSCROSS) * left_b  + BASSCROSS * right_b;
	right += (1 - BASSCROSS) * right_b + BASSCROSS * left_b;
	/* Also mix the LFE channel (if available) */

	/* Amplitude renormalization. */
	left  *= AMPLNORM;
	right *= AMPLNORM;

	/* "Cheating": linear stereo expansion to amplify the 3D
	   perception.  Note: Too much will destroy the acoustic space
	   and may even result in headaches. */
	diff = STEXPAND2 * (left - right);
	out[0] = (int16_t)(left  + diff);
	out[1] = (int16_t)(right - diff);

	/* The remaining channels are not needed any more */
	out[2] = out[3] = out[4] = 0;
	if(af->data->nch >= 6)
	    out[5] = 0;

    if ((s->rr = malloc(s->dlbuflen * sizeof(float))) == NULL) return -1;
    if ((s->cf = malloc(s->dlbuflen * sizeof(float))) == NULL) return -1;
    if ((s->cr = malloc(s->dlbuflen * sizeof(float))) == NULL) return -1;
    if ((s->ba_l = malloc(s->dlbuflen * sizeof(float))) == NULL) return -1;
    if ((s->ba_r = malloc(s->dlbuflen * sizeof(float))) == NULL) return -1;
    return 0;
}

/* Allocate memory and set function pointers */
static int open(af_instance_t* af)

    s->dlbuflen = DELAYBUFLEN;
    s->hrflen = HRTFFILTLEN;
    s->basslen = BASSFILTLEN;

    s->cyc_pos = s->dlbuflen - 1;
    s->matrix_mode = 1;

    if (allocate(s) != 0) {
 	af_msg(AF_MSG_ERROR, "[hrtf] Memory allocation error.\n");
	return AF_ERROR;
    }

15082:71570687c1a3

    /* Bass */
    float *ba_l, *ba_r;
    float *ba_ir;
    /* Whether to matrix decode the rear center channel */
    int matrix_mode;
    /* How to decode the input:
       0 = 5/5+1 channels
       1 = 2 channels
       2 = matrix encoded 2 channels */
    int decode_mode;
    /* Full wave rectified (FWR) amplitudes and gain used to steer the
       active matrix decoding of front channels (variable names
       lpr/lmr means Lt + Rt, Lt - Rt) */
    float l_fwr, r_fwr, lpr_fwr, lmr_fwr;
    float adapt_l_gain, adapt_r_gain, adapt_lpr_gain, adapt_lmr_gain;
    /* Matrix input decoding require special FWR buffer, since the
       decoding is done in place. */
    float *fwrbuf_l, *fwrbuf_r, *fwrbuf_lr, *fwrbuf_rr;
    /* Rear channel delay buffer for matrix decoding */
    float *rear_dlbuf;
    /* Full wave rectified amplitude and gain used to steer the active
       matrix decoding of center rear channel */
    float lr_fwr, rr_fwr, lrprr_fwr, lrmrr_fwr;
    float adapt_lr_gain, adapt_rr_gain;
    float adapt_lrprr_gain, adapt_lrmrr_gain;
    /* Cyclic position on the ring buffer */
    int cyc_pos;
    int print_flag;
} af_hrtf_t;

/* Convolution on a ring buffer
 *    nx:	length of the ring buffer
 *    nk:	length of the convolution kernel

	if(fabs(sx[i]) > thresh)
	    return i;
    return 0;
}

/* Unified active matrix decoder for 2 channel matrix encoded surround
   sources */
inline void matrix_decode(short *in, const int k, const int il,
			  const int ir, const int decode_rear,
			  const int dlbuflen,
			  float l_fwr, float r_fwr,
			  float lpr_fwr, float lmr_fwr,
			  float *adapt_l_gain, float *adapt_r_gain,
			  float *adapt_lpr_gain, float *adapt_lmr_gain,
			  float *lf, float *rf, float *lr,
			  float *rr, float *cf)
{
   const int kr = (k + MATREARDELAY) % dlbuflen;
   float l_gain = (l_fwr + r_fwr) /
      (1 + l_fwr + l_fwr);
   float r_gain = (l_fwr + r_fwr) /
      (1 + r_fwr + r_fwr);
   float lpr_gain = (lpr_fwr + lmr_fwr) /
      (1 + lpr_fwr + lpr_fwr);
   float lmr_gain = (lpr_fwr + lmr_fwr) /
      (1 + lmr_fwr + lmr_fwr);
   float lpr, lmr;
   float l_agc, r_agc, lpr_agc, lmr_agc;
   float f, d_gain;

#if 0
   static int counter = 0;
   static FILE *fp_out;

   if(counter == 0)
      fp_out = fopen("af_hrtf.log", "w");
   fprintf(fp_out, "%g %g %g %g %g ", counter * (1.0 / 48000),
	   l_gain, r_gain, lpr_gain, lmr_gain);
#endif

   /*** AXIS NO. 1: (Lt, Rt) -> (C, Ls, Rs) ***/
   /* AGC adaption */
   d_gain = (fabs(l_gain - *adapt_l_gain) +
	     fabs(r_gain - *adapt_r_gain)) * 0.5;
   f = d_gain * (1.0 / MATAGCTRIG);
   f = MATAGCDECAY - MATAGCDECAY / (1 + f * f);
   *adapt_l_gain = (1 - f) * *adapt_l_gain + f * l_gain;
   *adapt_r_gain = (1 - f) * *adapt_r_gain + f * r_gain;
   /* Matrix */
   l_agc = in[il] * *adapt_l_gain;
   r_agc = in[ir] * *adapt_r_gain;
   cf[k] = (l_agc + r_agc) * M_SQRT1_2;
   if(decode_rear) {
      lr[kr] = rr[kr] = (l_agc - r_agc) * M_SQRT1_2;
      /* Stereo rear channel is steered with the same AGC steering as
	 the decoding matrix. Note this requires a fast updating AGC
	 at the order of 20 ms (which is the case here). */
      lr[kr] *= (l_fwr + l_fwr) /
	 (1 + l_fwr + r_fwr);
      rr[kr] *= (r_fwr + r_fwr) /
	 (1 + l_fwr + r_fwr);
   }

   /*** AXIS NO. 2: (Lt + Rt, Lt - Rt) -> (L, R) ***/
   lpr = (in[il] + in[ir]) * M_SQRT1_2;
   lmr = (in[il] - in[ir]) * M_SQRT1_2;
   /* AGC adaption */
   d_gain = (fabs(lpr_gain - *adapt_lpr_gain) +
	     fabs(lmr_gain - *adapt_lmr_gain)) * 0.5;
   f = d_gain * (1.0 / MATAGCTRIG);
   f = MATAGCDECAY - MATAGCDECAY / (1 + f * f);
   *adapt_lpr_gain = (1 - f) * *adapt_lpr_gain + f * lpr_gain;
   *adapt_lmr_gain = (1 - f) * *adapt_lmr_gain + f * lmr_gain;
   /* The 2nd axis has strong gain fluctuations, and therefore require
      limits.  The factor is tricky.  I think 2 is the reasonable
      value here, which phase inverts the L, R channel if Lt, Rt is
      strongly correlated (e.g. during dialogues) (1 would inhibit the
      steering behavior, > 4 appears to result in distortions). */
   if(*adapt_lmr_gain > 2 * *adapt_lpr_gain)
      *adapt_lmr_gain = 2 * *adapt_lpr_gain;
   /* Matrix */
   lpr_agc = lpr * *adapt_lpr_gain;
   lmr_agc = lmr * *adapt_lmr_gain;
   lf[k] = (lpr_agc + lmr_agc) * M_SQRT1_2;
   rf[k] = (lpr_agc - lmr_agc) * M_SQRT1_2;

#if 0
   fprintf(fp_out, "%g %g %g %g\n",
	   *adapt_l_gain, *adapt_r_gain,
	   *adapt_lpr_gain, *adapt_lmr_gain);
   counter++;
#endif
}

inline void update_ch(af_hrtf_t *s, short *in, const int k)
{
    const int fwr_pos = (k + FWRDURATION) % s->dlbuflen;
    /* Update the full wave rectified total amplitude */
    /* Input matrix decoder */
    if(s->decode_mode == HRTF_MIX_MATRIX2CH) {
       s->l_fwr += abs(in[0]) - fabs(s->fwrbuf_l[fwr_pos]);
       s->r_fwr += abs(in[1]) - fabs(s->fwrbuf_r[fwr_pos]);
       s->lpr_fwr += abs(in[0] + in[1]) -
	  fabs(s->fwrbuf_l[fwr_pos] + s->fwrbuf_r[fwr_pos]);
       s->lmr_fwr += abs(in[0] - in[1]) -
	  fabs(s->fwrbuf_l[fwr_pos] - s->fwrbuf_r[fwr_pos]);
    }
    /* Rear matrix decoder */
    if(s->matrix_mode) {
       s->lr_fwr += abs(in[2]) - fabs(s->fwrbuf_lr[fwr_pos]);
       s->rr_fwr += abs(in[3]) - fabs(s->fwrbuf_rr[fwr_pos]);
       s->lrprr_fwr += abs(in[2] + in[3]) -
	  fabs(s->fwrbuf_lr[fwr_pos] + s->fwrbuf_rr[fwr_pos]);
       s->lrmrr_fwr += abs(in[2] - in[3]) -
	  fabs(s->fwrbuf_lr[fwr_pos] - s->fwrbuf_rr[fwr_pos]);
    }

    switch (s->decode_mode) {
    case HRTF_MIX_51:
       /* 5/5+1 channel sources */
       s->lf[k] = in[0];
       s->cf[k] = in[4];
       s->rf[k] = in[1];
       s->fwrbuf_lr[k] = s->lr[k] = in[2];
       s->fwrbuf_rr[k] = s->rr[k] = in[3];
       break;
    case HRTF_MIX_MATRIX2CH:
       /* Matrix encoded 2 channel sources */
       s->fwrbuf_l[k] = in[0];
       s->fwrbuf_r[k] = in[1];
       matrix_decode(in, k, 0, 1, 1, s->dlbuflen,
		     s->l_fwr, s->r_fwr,
		     s->lpr_fwr, s->lmr_fwr,
		     &(s->adapt_l_gain), &(s->adapt_r_gain),
		     &(s->adapt_lpr_gain), &(s->adapt_lmr_gain),
		     s->lf, s->rf, s->lr, s->rr, s->cf);
       break;
    case HRTF_MIX_STEREO:
       /* Stereo sources */
       s->lf[k] = in[0];
       s->rf[k] = in[1];
       s->cf[k] = s->lr[k] = s->rr[k] = 0;
       break;
    }

    /* We need to update the bass compensation delay line, too. */
    s->ba_l[k] = in[0] + in[4] + in[2];
    s->ba_r[k] = in[4] + in[1] + in[3];
}

/* Initialization and runtime control */
static int control(struct af_instance_s *af, int cmd, void* arg)
{

	    return AF_ERROR;
	}
	af->data->nch    = ((af_data_t*)arg)->nch;
	if(af->data->nch < 5) {
	    af->data->nch = 5;
	    if(af->data->nch == 2) {
 	       /* 2 channel input */
 	       if(s->decode_mode != HRTF_MIX_MATRIX2CH) {
   		  /* Default behavior is stereo mixing. */
 		  s->decode_mode = HRTF_MIX_STEREO;
	       }
	    }
	}
	af->data->format = AF_FORMAT_S16_NE;
	af->data->bps    = 2;
	s->print_flag = 1;
	return af_test_output(af, (af_data_t*)arg);
    case AF_CONTROL_COMMAND_LINE:
	sscanf((char*)arg, "%c", &mode);
	switch(mode) {
	case 'm':
	    /* Use matrix rear decoding. */
	    s->matrix_mode = 1;
	    break;
	case 's':
	    /* Input needs matrix decoding. */
	    s->decode_mode = HRTF_MIX_MATRIX2CH;
	    break;
	case '0':
	    s->matrix_mode = 0;
	    break;
	default:
	    af_msg(AF_MSG_ERROR,
		   "[hrtf] Mode is neither 'm', 's', nor '0' (%c).\n",
		   mode);
	    return AF_ERROR;
	}
	s->print_flag = 1;
	return AF_OK;
    }    

    return AF_UNKNOWN;
}

/* Deallocate memory */

	    free(s->ba_l);
	if(s->ba_r)
	    free(s->ba_r);
	if(s->ba_ir)
	    free(s->ba_ir);
	if(s->fwrbuf_l)
	   free(s->fwrbuf_l);
	if(s->fwrbuf_r)
	   free(s->fwrbuf_r);
	if(s->fwrbuf_lr)
	   free(s->fwrbuf_lr);
	if(s->fwrbuf_rr)
	   free(s->fwrbuf_rr);
	free(af->setup);
    }
    if(af->data)
	free(af->data);
}

    float common, left, right, diff, left_b, right_b;
    const int dblen = s->dlbuflen, hlen = s->hrflen, blen = s->basslen;

    if(AF_OK != RESIZE_LOCAL_BUFFER(af, data))
	return NULL;

    if(s->print_flag) {
	s->print_flag = 0;
	switch (s->decode_mode) {
	case HRTF_MIX_51:
	  af_msg(AF_MSG_INFO,
		 "[hrtf] Using HRTF to mix %s discrete surround into "
		 "L, R channels\n", s->matrix_mode ? "5+1" : "5");
	  break;
	case HRTF_MIX_STEREO:
	  af_msg(AF_MSG_INFO,
		 "[hrtf] Using HRTF to mix stereo into "
		 "L, R channels\n");
	  break;
	case HRTF_MIX_MATRIX2CH:
	  af_msg(AF_MSG_INFO,
		 "[hrtf] Using active matrix to decode 2 channel "
		 "input, HRTF to mix %s matrix surround into "
		 "L, R channels\n", "3/2");
	  break;
	default:
	  af_msg(AF_MSG_WARN,
		 "[hrtf] bogus decode_mode: %d\n", s->decode_mode);
	  break;
	}
	
       if(s->matrix_mode)
	  af_msg(AF_MSG_INFO,
		 "[hrtf] Using active matrix to decode rear center "
		 "channel\n");
    }

    out = af->data->audio;

    /* MPlayer's 5 channel layout (notation for the variable):
     * 

	   psycho-acoustically "cheating" to focus the center front
	   channel, which is normally hard to be perceived as front */
	s->lf[k] += CFECHOAMPL * s->cf[(k + CFECHODELAY) % s->dlbuflen];
	s->rf[k] += CFECHOAMPL * s->cf[(k + CFECHODELAY) % s->dlbuflen];

	switch (s->decode_mode) {
	case HRTF_MIX_51:
	case HRTF_MIX_MATRIX2CH:
	   /* Mixer filter matrix */
	   common = conv(dblen, hlen, s->cf, s->cf_ir, k + s->cf_o);
	   if(s->matrix_mode) {
	      /* In matrix decoding mode, the rear channel gain must be
		 renormalized, as there is an additional channel. */
	      matrix_decode(in, k, 2, 3, 0, s->dlbuflen,
			    s->lr_fwr, s->rr_fwr,
			    s->lrprr_fwr, s->lrmrr_fwr,
			    &(s->adapt_lr_gain), &(s->adapt_rr_gain),
			    &(s->adapt_lrprr_gain), &(s->adapt_lrmrr_gain),
			    s->lr, s->rr, NULL, NULL, s->cr);
	      common +=
		 conv(dblen, hlen, s->cr, s->cr_ir, k + s->cr_o) *
		 M1_76DB;
	      left    =
		 ( conv(dblen, hlen, s->lf, s->af_ir, k + s->af_o) +
		   conv(dblen, hlen, s->rf, s->of_ir, k + s->of_o) +
		   (conv(dblen, hlen, s->lr, s->ar_ir, k + s->ar_o) +
		    conv(dblen, hlen, s->rr, s->or_ir, k + s->or_o)) *
		   M1_76DB + common);
	      right   =
		 ( conv(dblen, hlen, s->rf, s->af_ir, k + s->af_o) +
		   conv(dblen, hlen, s->lf, s->of_ir, k + s->of_o) +
		   (conv(dblen, hlen, s->rr, s->ar_ir, k + s->ar_o) +
		    conv(dblen, hlen, s->lr, s->or_ir, k + s->or_o)) *
		   M1_76DB + common);
	   } else {
	      left    =
		 ( conv(dblen, hlen, s->lf, s->af_ir, k + s->af_o) +
		   conv(dblen, hlen, s->rf, s->of_ir, k + s->of_o) +
		   conv(dblen, hlen, s->lr, s->ar_ir, k + s->ar_o) +
		   conv(dblen, hlen, s->rr, s->or_ir, k + s->or_o) +
		   common);
	      right   =
		 ( conv(dblen, hlen, s->rf, s->af_ir, k + s->af_o) +
		   conv(dblen, hlen, s->lf, s->of_ir, k + s->of_o) +
		   conv(dblen, hlen, s->rr, s->ar_ir, k + s->ar_o) +
		   conv(dblen, hlen, s->lr, s->or_ir, k + s->or_o) +
		   common);
	   }
	   break;
	case HRTF_MIX_STEREO:
	   left    =
	      ( conv(dblen, hlen, s->lf, s->af_ir, k + s->af_o) +
		conv(dblen, hlen, s->rf, s->of_ir, k + s->of_o));
	   right   =
	      ( conv(dblen, hlen, s->rf, s->af_ir, k + s->af_o) +
		conv(dblen, hlen, s->lf, s->of_ir, k + s->of_o));
	   break;
	default:
	    /* make gcc happy */
	    left = 0.0;
	    right = 0.0;
	    break;
	}

	/* Bass compensation for the lower frequency cut of the HRTF.  A
	   cross talk of the left and right channel is introduced to
	   match the directional characteristics of higher frequencies.
	   The bass will not have any real 3D perception, but that is
	   OK (note at 180 Hz, the wavelength is about 2 m, and any
	   spatial perception is impossible). */
	left_b  = conv(dblen, blen, s->ba_l, s->ba_ir, k);
	right_b = conv(dblen, blen, s->ba_r, s->ba_ir, k);
	left  += (1 - BASSCROSS) * left_b  + BASSCROSS * right_b;
	right += (1 - BASSCROSS) * right_b + BASSCROSS * left_b;
	/* Also mix the LFE channel (if available) */

	/* Amplitude renormalization. */
	left  *= AMPLNORM;
	right *= AMPLNORM;

	switch (s->decode_mode) {
	case HRTF_MIX_51:
	case HRTF_MIX_STEREO:
	   /* "Cheating": linear stereo expansion to amplify the 3D
	      perception.  Note: Too much will destroy the acoustic space
	      and may even result in headaches. */
	   diff = STEXPAND2 * (left - right);
	   out[0] = (int16_t)(left  + diff);
	   out[1] = (int16_t)(right - diff);
	   break;
	case HRTF_MIX_MATRIX2CH:
	   /* Do attempt any stereo expansion with matrix encoded
	      sources.  The L, R channels are already stereo expanded
	      by the steering, any further stereo expansion will sound
	      very unnatural. */
	   out[0] = (int16_t)left;
	   out[1] = (int16_t)right;
	   break;
	}

	/* The remaining channels are not needed any more */
	out[2] = out[3] = out[4] = 0;
	if(af->data->nch >= 6)
	    out[5] = 0;

    if ((s->rr = malloc(s->dlbuflen * sizeof(float))) == NULL) return -1;
    if ((s->cf = malloc(s->dlbuflen * sizeof(float))) == NULL) return -1;
    if ((s->cr = malloc(s->dlbuflen * sizeof(float))) == NULL) return -1;
    if ((s->ba_l = malloc(s->dlbuflen * sizeof(float))) == NULL) return -1;
    if ((s->ba_r = malloc(s->dlbuflen * sizeof(float))) == NULL) return -1;
    if ((s->fwrbuf_l =
	 malloc(s->dlbuflen * sizeof(float))) == NULL) return -1;
    if ((s->fwrbuf_r =
	 malloc(s->dlbuflen * sizeof(float))) == NULL) return -1;
    if ((s->fwrbuf_lr =
	 malloc(s->dlbuflen * sizeof(float))) == NULL) return -1;
    if ((s->fwrbuf_rr =
	 malloc(s->dlbuflen * sizeof(float))) == NULL) return -1;
    return 0;
}

/* Allocate memory and set function pointers */
static int open(af_instance_t* af)

    s->dlbuflen = DELAYBUFLEN;
    s->hrflen = HRTFFILTLEN;
    s->basslen = BASSFILTLEN;

    s->cyc_pos = s->dlbuflen - 1;
    /* With a full (two axis) steering matrix decoder, s->matrix_mode
       should not be enabled lightly (it will also steer the Ls, Rs
       channels). */
    s->matrix_mode = 0;
    s->decode_mode = HRTF_MIX_51;

    s->print_flag = 1;

    if (allocate(s) != 0) {
 	af_msg(AF_MSG_ERROR, "[hrtf] Memory allocation error.\n");
	return AF_ERROR;
    }