comparison DOCS/xml/en/mencoder.xml @ 14958:85546d215f6e

precise framerate values everywhere patch by Corey Hickey <bugfood-ml at fatooh dot org>

14957:7c83a78a8846

<sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-interlacing">
<title>Interlacing and Telecine</title>

<para>
  Almost all movies are shot at 24 fps. Because NTSC is 29.97 fps, some
  processing must be done to this 24 fps video to make it run at the correct
  NTSC framerate. The process is called 3:2 pulldown, commonly referred to
  as telecine (because pulldown is often applied during the telecine
  process), and, naively described, it works by slowing the film down to
  23.976 fps, and repeating every fourth frame.
</para>

<para>
  No special processing, however, is done to the video for PAL DVDs, which
  run at 25 fps. (Technically, PAL can be telecined, called 2:2 pulldown,

  apply inverse telecine.
</para>

<para>
  For movies shot at 24 fps, the video on the NTSC DVD is either telecined
  29.97 fps, or else it is progressive 24 fps and intended to be telecined
  on-the-fly by a DVD player. On the other hand, TV series are usually
  only interlaced, not telecined. This is not a hard rule: some TV series
  are interlaced (such as Buffy the Vampire Slayer) whereas some are a
  mixture of progressive and interlaced (such as Angel, or 24).
</para>

<para>
  So, you've just bought your shiny new copy of Harry Potter and the Chamber
  of Secrets (widescreen edition, of course), and you want to rip this DVD
  so that you can add it to your Home Theatre PC. This is a region 1 DVD,
  so it's NTSC. The example below will still apply to PAL, except you'll
  omit <option>-ofps 23.976</option> (because the output framerate is the
  same as the input framerate), and of course the crop dimensions will be
  different.
</para>

<para>
  After running <option>mplayer dvd://1</option>, we follow the process
  detailed in the section <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine">How to deal
  with telecine and interlacing in NTSC DVDs</link> and discover that it's
  24 fps progressive video, which means that we needn't use an inverse
  telecine filter, such as <option>pullup</option> or
  <option>filmdint</option>.
</para>

<para>

</para>

<para>
  We're now ready to do the two pass encode. Pass one:

  <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -ofps 23.976 -oac copy -vf crop=720:352:0:62,hqdn3d=2:1:2 -ovc lavc \
-lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=2400:v4mv:mbd=2:trell:cmp=3:subcmp=3:mbcmp=3:autoaspect:vpass=1 \
-o Harry_Potter_2.avi</screen>

  And pass two is the same, except that we specify <option>vpass=2</option>:

  <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -ofps 23.976 -oac copy -vf crop=720:352:0:62,hqdn3d=2:1:2 -ovc lavc \
-lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=2400:v4mv:mbd=2:trell:cmp=3:subcmp=3:mbcmp=3:autoaspect:vpass=2 \
-o Harry_Potter_2.avi</screen>
</para>

<para>

</sect1>

<sect1 id="menc-feat-telecine">
<title>How to deal with telecine and interlacing within NTSC DVDs</title>

<formalpara>
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>
  I suggest you visit this page if you don't understand much of what
  is written in this document:
  <ulink url="http://www.divx.com/support/guides/guide.php?gid=10">http://www.divx.com/support/guides/guide.php?gid=10</ulink>
  This URL links to an understandable and reasonably comprehensive
  description of what telecine is.
</para></formalpara>

<para>
  For technical reasons pertaining to the limitations of early
  television hardware, all video intended to be displayed on an NTSC
  television set must be 59.94 fields per second. Made-for-TV movies
  and shows are often filmed directly at 59.94 fields per second, but
  the majority of cinema is filmed at 24 or 23.976 frames per
  second. When cinematic movie DVDs are mastered, the video is then
  converted for television using a process called telecine.
</para>

<para>
  On a DVD, the video is never actually stored as 59.94 fields per
  second. For video that was originally 59.94, each pair of fields is
  combined to form a frame, resulting in 29.97 frames per
  second. Hardware DVD players then read a flag embedded in the video
  stream to determine whether the odd- or even-numbered lines should
  form the first field.
</para>

<para>
  Usually, 23.976 frames per second content stays as it is when
  encoded for a DVD, and the DVD player must perform telecining
  on-the-fly. Sometimes, however, the video is telecined
  <emphasis>before</emphasis> being stored on the DVD; even though it
  was originally 23.976 frames per second, it becomes 59.94 fields per
  second, and is stored on the disk as 29.97 frames per second.
</para>

<para>
  When looking at individual frames formed from 59.94 fields per
  second video, telecined or otherwise, interlacing is clearly visible
  wherever there is any motion, because one field (say, the
  even-numbered lines) represents a moment in time 1/59.94th of a
  second later than the other. Playing interlaced video on a computer
  looks ugly both because the monitor is higher resolution and because
  the video is shown frame-after-frame instead of field-after-field.
</para>

<para>
Notes:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>
  This section only applies to NTSC DVDs, and not PAL.
  </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
  The example <application>MEncoder</application> lines throughout the

<listitem><para>
  There are a couple footnotes specific to this guide, linked like this:
  <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">[1]</link>
  </para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>

<sect2 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident">
<title>How to tell what type of video you have</title>

<sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident-progressive">
<title>Progressive</title>
<para>
  Progressive video was originally filmed at 23.976 fps, and stored
  on the DVD without alteration.
</para>

<para>
  When you play a progressive DVD in <application>MPlayer</application>,
  <application>MPlayer</application> will print the following line as
  soon as the movie begins to play:

  <screen> demux_mpg: 24fps progressive NTSC content detected, switching framerate.</screen>

  From this point forward, demux_mpg should never say it finds
  &quot;30fps NTSC content.&quot;
</para>

<para>
  When you watch progressive video, you should never see any
  interlacing. Beware, however, because sometimes there is a tiny bit

</sect3>

<sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident-telecined">
<title>Telecined</title>
<para>
  Telecined video was originally filmed at 23.976, but was telecined
  <emphasis>before</emphasis> it was written to the DVD.
</para>

<para>
  <application>MPlayer</application> does not (ever) report any

  </orderedlist>
</para>

<para>
  Sometimes telecined video on DVDs is referred to as
  &quot;hard-telecine&quot;. Since hard-telecine is already 59.94 fields
  per second, the DVD player plays the video without any manipulation.
</para>
</sect3>

<sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident-interlaced">
<title>Interlaced</title>
<para>
  Interlaced video was originally filmed at 59.94 fields per second,
  and stored on the DVD as 29.97 frames per second. The interlacing effect
  (often called &quot;combing&quot;) is a result of combining pairs of
  fields into frames. Each field is supposed to be 1/59.94 seconds apart,
  and when they are displayed simultaneously the difference is apparent.
</para>

<para>
  As with telecined video, <application>MPlayer</application> should

<sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident-mixedpt">
<title>Mixed progressive and telecine</title>
<para>
  All of a &quot;mixed progressive and telecine&quot; video was originally
  23.976 frames per second, but some parts of it ended up being telecined.
</para>

<para>
  When <application>MPlayer</application> plays this category, it will
  (often repeatedly) switch back and forth between &quot;30fps NTSC&quot;
  and &quot;24fps progressive NTSC&quot;. Watch the bottom of
  <application>MPlayer</application>'s output to see these messages.
</para>

<para>
  You should check the &quot;30fps NTSC&quot; sections to make sure
  they are actually telecine, and not just interlaced.
</para>
</sect3>

<sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident-mixedpi">

  and interlaced video have been spliced together.
</para>

<para>
  This category looks just like &quot;mixed progressive and telecine&quot;,
  until you examine the 30fps sections and see that they don't have the
  telecine pattern.
</para>
</sect3>

</sect2>

<sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-encode-progressive">
<title>Progressive</title>
<para>
  Progressive video requires no special filtering to encode. The only
  parameter you need to be sure to use is
  <option>-ofps 23.976</option>. Otherwise, <application>MEncoder</application>
  will try to encode at 29.97 fps and duplicate frames.
</para>

<para>
  <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -ovc lavc -ofps 23.976</screen>
</para>

<para>
  It is often the case, however, that a video that looks progressive
  actually has very short parts of telecine mixed in. Unless you are

</sect3>

<sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-encode-telecined">
<title>Telecined</title>
<para>
  Telecine can be reversed to retrieve the original 23.976 content,
  using a process called inverse-telecine.
  <application>MPlayer</application> contains several filters to
  accomplish this; the best filter, <option>pullup</option>, is described
  in the <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-encode-mixedpt">mixed
  progressive and telecine</link> section.

  Unfortunately, this option is buggy with
  <application>MEncoder</application>; it ought to work well with
  <application>MEncoder G2</application>, but that isn't here yet. You
  might experience crahes. Anyway, the purpose of <option> -vf
  tfields</option> is to create a full frame out of each field, which
  makes the framerate 59.94. The advantage of this approach is that no
  data is ever lost; however, since each frame comes from only one
  field, the missing lines have to be interpolated somehow. There are
  no very good methods of generating the missing data, and so the
  result will look a bit similar to when using some deinterlacing
  filters. Generating the missing lines creates other issues, as well,

  <option>tfields</option> you
  <emphasis role="bold">have to</emphasis> specify both
  <option>-fps</option> and <option>-ofps</option> to be twice the
  framerate of your original source.

  <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -vf tfields=2 -ovc lavc -fps 59.94 -ofps 59.94</screen>
  </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
  If you plan on downscaling dramatically, you can extract and encode
  only one of the two fields. Of course, you'll lose half the vertical
  resolution, but if you plan on downscaling to at most 1/2 of the
  original, the loss won't matter much. The result will be a
  progressive 29.97 frames per second file. The procedure is to use
  <option>-vf field</option>, then crop
  <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">[1]</link> and scale
  appropriately. Remember that you'll have to adjust the scale to
  compensate for the vertical resolution being halved.
  <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -vf field=0 -ovc lavc</screen>

  described below. Note that you should
  <emphasis role="bold">always</emphasis> inverse-telecine before any
  rescaling; unless you really know what you're doing,
  inverse-telecine before cropping, too
  <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">[1]</link>.
  <option>-ofps 23.976</option> is needed here because the output video
  will be 23.976 frames per second.
</para>

<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>
  <option>-vf pullup</option> is designed to inverse-telecine

  else <application>MEncoder</application> will crash.
  <option>pullup</option> is, however, the cleanest and most
  accurate method available for encoding both telecine and
  &quot;mixed progressive and telecine&quot;.

  <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -vf pullup,softskip -ovc lavc -ofps 23.976</screen>
  </para>


  </listitem>
  <listitem><para>

  the non-telecined parts and then inverse-telecine the whole
  video. Sound confusing? softpulldown is a filter that goes through
  a video and makes the entire file telecined. If we follow
  softpulldown with either <option>detc</option> or
  <option>ivtc</option>, the final result will be entirely
  progressive. <option>-ofps 23.976</option> is needed.

  <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -vf softpulldown,ivtc=1 -ovc lavc -ofps 23.976</screen>
  </para>
  </listitem>

<listitem><para>
  I haven't used <option>-vf filmdint</option> myself, but here's what

  </para>

  <para>
  This option should definitely not be used if you want to eventually
  display the video on an interlaced device (with a TV card, for
  example). If you have interlaced frames in a 23.976 frames per
  second video, they will be telecined along with the progressive
  frames. Half of the interlaced "frames" will be displayed for three
  fields' duration (3/59.94 seconds), resulting in a flicking
  &quot;jump back in time&quot; effect that looks quite bad. If you
  even attempt this, you <emphasis role="bold">must</emphasis> use a
  deinterlacing filter like <option>lb</option> or
  <option>l5</option>.
  </para>

  <para>
  It may also be a bad idea for progressive display, too. It will drop
  pairs of consecutive interlaced fields, resulting in a discontinuity
  that can be more visible than with the second method, which shows
  some progressive frames twice. 29.97 frames per second interlaced
  video is already a bit choppy because it really should be shown at
  59.94 fields per second, so the duplicate frames don't stand out as
  much.
  </para>

  <para>
  Either way, it's best to consider your content and how you intend to

14958:85546d215f6e

<sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-interlacing">
<title>Interlacing and Telecine</title>

<para>
  Almost all movies are shot at 24 fps. Because NTSC is 30000/1001 fps, some
  processing must be done to this 24 fps video to make it run at the correct
  NTSC framerate. The process is called 3:2 pulldown, commonly referred to
  as telecine (because pulldown is often applied during the telecine
  process), and, naively described, it works by slowing the film down to
  24000/1001 fps, and repeating every fourth frame.
</para>

<para>
  No special processing, however, is done to the video for PAL DVDs, which
  run at 25 fps. (Technically, PAL can be telecined, called 2:2 pulldown,

  apply inverse telecine.
</para>

<para>
  For movies shot at 24 fps, the video on the NTSC DVD is either telecined
  30000/1001, or else it is progressive 24000/1001 fps and intended to be telecined
  on-the-fly by a DVD player. On the other hand, TV series are usually
  only interlaced, not telecined. This is not a hard rule: some TV series
  are interlaced (such as Buffy the Vampire Slayer) whereas some are a
  mixture of progressive and interlaced (such as Angel, or 24).
</para>

<para>
  So, you've just bought your shiny new copy of Harry Potter and the Chamber
  of Secrets (widescreen edition, of course), and you want to rip this DVD
  so that you can add it to your Home Theatre PC. This is a region 1 DVD,
  so it's NTSC. The example below will still apply to PAL, except you'll
  omit <option>-ofps 24000/1001</option> (because the output framerate is the
  same as the input framerate), and of course the crop dimensions will be
  different.
</para>

<para>
  After running <option>mplayer dvd://1</option>, we follow the process
  detailed in the section <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine">How to deal
  with telecine and interlacing in NTSC DVDs</link> and discover that it's
  24000/1001 fps progressive video, which means that we needn't use an inverse
  telecine filter, such as <option>pullup</option> or
  <option>filmdint</option>.
</para>

<para>

</para>

<para>
  We're now ready to do the two pass encode. Pass one:

  <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -ofps 24000/1001 -oac copy -vf crop=720:352:0:62,hqdn3d=2:1:2 -ovc lavc \
-lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=2400:v4mv:mbd=2:trell:cmp=3:subcmp=3:mbcmp=3:autoaspect:vpass=1 \
-o Harry_Potter_2.avi</screen>

  And pass two is the same, except that we specify <option>vpass=2</option>:

  <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -ofps 24000/1001 -oac copy -vf crop=720:352:0:62,hqdn3d=2:1:2 -ovc lavc \
-lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=2400:v4mv:mbd=2:trell:cmp=3:subcmp=3:mbcmp=3:autoaspect:vpass=2 \
-o Harry_Potter_2.avi</screen>
</para>

<para>

</sect1>

<sect1 id="menc-feat-telecine">
<title>How to deal with telecine and interlacing within NTSC DVDs</title>

<sect2 id="menc-feat-telecine-intro">
<title>Introduction</title>
<formalpara>
<title>What is telecine?</title>
<para>
  I suggest you visit this page if you don't understand much of what
  is written in this document:
  <ulink url="http://www.divx.com/support/guides/guide.php?gid=10">http://www.divx.com/support/guides/guide.php?gid=10</ulink>
  This URL links to an understandable and reasonably comprehensive
  description of what telecine is.
</para></formalpara>

<formalpara>
<title>A note about the numbers.</title>
<para>
  Many documents, including the guide linked above, refer to the fields
  per second value of NTSC video as 59.94 and the corresponding frames
  per second values as 29.97 (for telecined and interlaced) and 23.976
  (for progressive). For simplicity, some documents even round these
  numbers to 60, 30, and 24.
</para></formalpara>

<para>
  Strictly speaking, all those numbers are approximations. Black and
  white NTSC video was exactly 60 fields per second, but 60000/1001
  was later chosen to accomodate color data while remaining compatible
  with contemporary black and white televisions. Digital NTSC video
  (such as on a DVD) is also 60000/1001 fields per second. From this,
  interlaced and telecined video are derived to be 30000/1001 frames
  per second; progressive video is 24000/1001 frames per second.
</para>

<para>
  Older versions of the <application>MEncoder</application> documentation
  and many archived mailing list posts refer to 59.94, 29.97, and 23.976.
  All <application>MEncoder</application> documentation has been updated
  to use the fractional values, and you should use them too.
</para>

<para>
  <option>-ofps 23.976</option> is incorrect.
  <option>-ofps 24000/1001</option> should be used instead.
</para>

<formalpara>
<title>How telecine is used.</title>
<para>
  All video intended to be displayed on an NTSC
  television set must be 60000/1001 fields per second. Made-for-TV movies
  and shows are often filmed directly at 60000/1001 fields per second, but
  the majority of cinema is filmed at 24 or 24000/1001 frames per
  second. When cinematic movie DVDs are mastered, the video is then
  converted for television using a process called telecine.
</para></formalpara>

<para>
  On a DVD, the video is never actually stored as 60000/1001 fields per
  second. For video that was originally 60000/1001, each pair of fields is
  combined to form a frame, resulting in 30000/1001 frames per
  second. Hardware DVD players then read a flag embedded in the video
  stream to determine whether the odd- or even-numbered lines should
  form the first field.
</para>

<para>
  Usually, 24000/1001 frames per second content stays as it is when
  encoded for a DVD, and the DVD player must perform telecining
  on-the-fly. Sometimes, however, the video is telecined
  <emphasis>before</emphasis> being stored on the DVD; even though it
  was originally 24000/1001 frames per second, it becomes 60000/1001 fields per
  second. When it is stored on the DVD, pairs of fields are combined to form
  30000/1001 frames per second.
</para>

<para>
  When looking at individual frames formed from 60000/10001 fields per
  second video, telecined or otherwise, interlacing is clearly visible
  wherever there is any motion, because one field (say, the
  even-numbered lines) represents a moment in time 1/(60000/1001)
  seconds later than the other. Playing interlaced video on a computer
  looks ugly both because the monitor is higher resolution and because
  the video is shown frame-after-frame instead of field-after-field.
</para>

<itemizedlist>
<title>Notes:</title>
<listitem><para>
  This section only applies to NTSC DVDs, and not PAL.
  </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
  The example <application>MEncoder</application> lines throughout the

<listitem><para>
  There are a couple footnotes specific to this guide, linked like this:
  <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">[1]</link>
  </para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>

<sect2 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident">
<title>How to tell what type of video you have</title>

<sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident-progressive">
<title>Progressive</title>
<para>
  Progressive video was originally filmed at 24000/1001 fps, and stored
  on the DVD without alteration.
</para>

<para>
  When you play a progressive DVD in <application>MPlayer</application>,
  <application>MPlayer</application> will print the following line as
  soon as the movie begins to play:

  <screen> demux_mpg: 24000/1001 fps progressive NTSC content detected, switching framerate.</screen>

  From this point forward, demux_mpg should never say it finds
  &quot;30000/1001 fps NTSC content.&quot;
</para>

<para>
  When you watch progressive video, you should never see any
  interlacing. Beware, however, because sometimes there is a tiny bit

</sect3>

<sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident-telecined">
<title>Telecined</title>
<para>
  Telecined video was originally filmed at 24000/1001, but was telecined
  <emphasis>before</emphasis> it was written to the DVD.
</para>

<para>
  <application>MPlayer</application> does not (ever) report any

  </orderedlist>
</para>

<para>
  Sometimes telecined video on DVDs is referred to as
  &quot;hard-telecine&quot;. Since hard-telecine is already 60000/1001 fields
  per second, the DVD player plays the video without any manipulation.
</para>
</sect3>

<sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident-interlaced">
<title>Interlaced</title>
<para>
  Interlaced video was originally filmed at 60000/1001 fields per second,
  and stored on the DVD as 30000/1001 frames per second. The interlacing effect
  (often called &quot;combing&quot;) is a result of combining pairs of
  fields into frames. Each field is supposed to be 1/(60000/1001) seconds apart,
  and when they are displayed simultaneously the difference is apparent.
</para>

<para>
  As with telecined video, <application>MPlayer</application> should

<sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident-mixedpt">
<title>Mixed progressive and telecine</title>
<para>
  All of a &quot;mixed progressive and telecine&quot; video was originally
  24000/1001 frames per second, but some parts of it ended up being telecined.
</para>

<para>
  When <application>MPlayer</application> plays this category, it will
  (often repeatedly) switch back and forth between &quot;30000/1001 fps NTSC&quot;
  and &quot;24000/1001 fps progressive NTSC&quot;. Watch the bottom of
  <application>MPlayer</application>'s output to see these messages.
</para>

<para>
  You should check the &quot;30000/1001 fps NTSC&quot; sections to make sure
  they are actually telecine, and not just interlaced.
</para>
</sect3>

<sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident-mixedpi">

  and interlaced video have been spliced together.
</para>

<para>
  This category looks just like &quot;mixed progressive and telecine&quot;,
  until you examine the 30000/1001 fps sections and see that they don't have the
  telecine pattern.
</para>
</sect3>

</sect2>

<sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-encode-progressive">
<title>Progressive</title>
<para>
  Progressive video requires no special filtering to encode. The only
  parameter you need to be sure to use is
  <option>-ofps 24000/1001</option>. Otherwise, <application>MEncoder</application>
  will try to encode at 30000/1001 fps and will duplicate frames.
</para>

<para>
  <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -ovc lavc -ofps 24000/1001</screen>
</para>

<para>
  It is often the case, however, that a video that looks progressive
  actually has very short parts of telecine mixed in. Unless you are

</sect3>

<sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-encode-telecined">
<title>Telecined</title>
<para>
  Telecine can be reversed to retrieve the original 24000/1001 content,
  using a process called inverse-telecine.
  <application>MPlayer</application> contains several filters to
  accomplish this; the best filter, <option>pullup</option>, is described
  in the <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-encode-mixedpt">mixed
  progressive and telecine</link> section.

  Unfortunately, this option is buggy with
  <application>MEncoder</application>; it ought to work well with
  <application>MEncoder G2</application>, but that isn't here yet. You
  might experience crahes. Anyway, the purpose of <option> -vf
  tfields</option> is to create a full frame out of each field, which
  makes the framerate 60000/1001. The advantage of this approach is that no
  data is ever lost; however, since each frame comes from only one
  field, the missing lines have to be interpolated somehow. There are
  no very good methods of generating the missing data, and so the
  result will look a bit similar to when using some deinterlacing
  filters. Generating the missing lines creates other issues, as well,

  <option>tfields</option> you
  <emphasis role="bold">have to</emphasis> specify both
  <option>-fps</option> and <option>-ofps</option> to be twice the
  framerate of your original source.

  <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -vf tfields=2 -ovc lavc -fps 60000/1001 -ofps 60000/1001</screen>
  </para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
  If you plan on downscaling dramatically, you can extract and encode
  only one of the two fields. Of course, you'll lose half the vertical
  resolution, but if you plan on downscaling to at most 1/2 of the
  original, the loss won't matter much. The result will be a
  progressive 30000/1001 frames per second file. The procedure is to use
  <option>-vf field</option>, then crop
  <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">[1]</link> and scale
  appropriately. Remember that you'll have to adjust the scale to
  compensate for the vertical resolution being halved.
  <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -vf field=0 -ovc lavc</screen>

  described below. Note that you should
  <emphasis role="bold">always</emphasis> inverse-telecine before any
  rescaling; unless you really know what you're doing,
  inverse-telecine before cropping, too
  <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">[1]</link>.
  <option>-ofps 24000/1001</option> is needed here because the output video
  will be 24000/1001 frames per second.
</para>

<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>
  <option>-vf pullup</option> is designed to inverse-telecine

  else <application>MEncoder</application> will crash.
  <option>pullup</option> is, however, the cleanest and most
  accurate method available for encoding both telecine and
  &quot;mixed progressive and telecine&quot;.

  <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -vf pullup,softskip -ovc lavc -ofps 24000/1001</screen>
  </para>


  </listitem>
  <listitem><para>

  the non-telecined parts and then inverse-telecine the whole
  video. Sound confusing? softpulldown is a filter that goes through
  a video and makes the entire file telecined. If we follow
  softpulldown with either <option>detc</option> or
  <option>ivtc</option>, the final result will be entirely
  progressive. <option>-ofps 24000/1001</option> is needed.

  <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -vf softpulldown,ivtc=1 -ovc lavc -ofps 24000/1001</screen>
  </para>
  </listitem>

<listitem><para>
  I haven't used <option>-vf filmdint</option> myself, but here's what

  </para>

  <para>
  This option should definitely not be used if you want to eventually
  display the video on an interlaced device (with a TV card, for
  example). If you have interlaced frames in a 24000/1001 frames per
  second video, they will be telecined along with the progressive
  frames. Half of the interlaced "frames" will be displayed for three
  fields' duration (3/(60000/1001) seconds), resulting in a flicking
  &quot;jump back in time&quot; effect that looks quite bad. If you
  even attempt this, you <emphasis role="bold">must</emphasis> use a
  deinterlacing filter like <option>lb</option> or
  <option>l5</option>.
  </para>

  <para>
  It may also be a bad idea for progressive display, too. It will drop
  pairs of consecutive interlaced fields, resulting in a discontinuity
  that can be more visible than with the second method, which shows
  some progressive frames twice. 30000/1001 frames per second interlaced
  video is already a bit choppy because it really should be shown at
  60000/1001 fields per second, so the duplicate frames don't stand out as
  much.
  </para>

  <para>
  Either way, it's best to consider your content and how you intend to