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<P><B><A NAME="encoding">2.4  Encoding with MEncoder</A></B></P>

<P><B><A NAME="overview">2.4.1  Overview</A></B></P>

<P><B>MEncoder</B> (<B>MPlayer</B>'s Movie Encoder) is a simple movie encoder,
designed to encode MPlayer-playable movies
(<B>AVI/ASF/OGG/DVD/VCD/VOB/MPG/MOV/VIV/FLI/RM/NUV/NET</B>) to other MPlayer-playable
formats (see below). It can encode with various codecs, like <B>DivX4</B> (1 or
2 passes), libavcodec, <B>PCM</B>/<B>MP3</B>/<B>VBRMP3</B> audio. Also has
powerful plugin system for video manipulation.</P>

<P><B><A NAME="compilation">2.4.2  Compilation</A></B></P>

<UL>
  <LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - read <B>MPlayer</B>'s compilation instruction.</LI>

    as described in the <A HREF="documentation.html#installation">Installation</A>
    section</LI>
</UL>

<P>You are ready. As you probably know, other encoding tools need the
<I>avifile</I> library installed. <B>MEncoder</B> doesn't need it at all.</P>

<P><B><A NAME="features">2.4.3  MEncoder features</A></B></P>

<UL>
  <LI>encoding from the wide range of fileformats and decoders of <B>MPlayer</B></LI>

    <B>MEncoder</B>'s CBR encoding is totally broken on win32 players :)</LI>
  <LI>PCM audio</LI>
  <LI>stream copying</LI>
  <LI>input A/V synchronizing (PTS-based, can be disabled with -mc 0 option)</LI>
  <LI>FPS correction with <CODE>-ofps</CODE> option (useful when encoding
  29.97fps VOB to 24fps AVI)</LI>
  <LI>using our very powerful plugin system (crop, expand, flip, postprocess,
    rotate, scale, rgb/yuv conversion)</LI>
  <LI>can encode DVD/VOBsub <B>AND</B> text subtitles into the output file</LI>
  <LI>can rip DVD subtitles to Vobsub format</LI>
</UL>

<B>Planned features:</B>
<UL>
  <LI>even wider variety of available en/decoding formats/codecs
  (creating VOB files with DivX4/Indeo5/VIVO streams :)</LI>
  <LI>audio encoding from v4l (DONE for FreeBSD ?)</LI>
</UL>

<P><B><A NAME="2pass">2.4.3.1  Encoding 2 or 3-pass DivX4</A></B></P>

<P><U><B>2-pass encoding:</B></U> the name comes from the fact that this method encodes the file <I>twice</I>.
The first encoding (dubbed <I>pass</I>) creates some temporary files (*.log) with a
size of few megabytes, do not delete them yet (you can delete the AVI). In the second pass, the
2-pass output file is created, using the bitrate data from the temporary files. The resulting
file will have much better image quality. If this is the first time you heard
about this, you should consult some guides available on the Net.</P>

<P>This example shows how to encode a DVD to a 2-pass DivX4 AVI. Just two
commands are needed:<BR>
<CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm frameno.avi</CODE> - remove this file, which
  can come from a previous 3-pass encoding (it interferes with current one)<BR>
<CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:more_options
  -o movie.avi -pass 1<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:more_options -o movie.avi -pass 2</CODE></P>

<P><U><B>3-pass encoding:</B></U> this is an extension of 2-pass encoding,
  where the audio encoding takes place in a separate pass. This method enables
  estimation of recommended video bitrate in order to fit on a CD. Also, the
  audio is encoded only once, unlike in 2-pass mode. The schematics:</P>

<P><B>Example for 3-pass encoding:</B></P>

<P><CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm frameno.avi</CODE> - remove this file,
  which can come from a previous 3-pass encoding (it interferes with current
  one)<BR>
<CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc frameno
  -o frameno.avi</CODE><BR>
<CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2
  -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:more_options -oac copy -o movie.avi -pass 1<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2
  -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:more_options -oac copy -o movie.avi -pass 2</CODE>
</P>

<P><U><B>2 or 3-pass encoding using internal libavcodec controller:</B></U>
Optionally you can use libavcodec's internal 2 or 3-pass mode, it may gives you
better final rate accuracy than using the external, DivX4-inspired 2-pass rate
controler with libavcodec.</P>

<UL>
<LI><B>2-pass encoding:</B><BR>
<CODE>rm -f lavc_stats.txt<BR>
mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 (audio-options) -o movie.avi<BR>
mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 (audio-options) -o movie.avi</CODE></LI>
<LI><B>3-pass encoding:</B><BR>
<CODE>rm -f frameno.avi lavc_stats.txt<BR>
mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc frameno (audio-options) -o frameno.avi<BR>
mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o movie.avi<BR>
mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o movie.avi</CODE></LI>
</UL>

<P><B><A NAME="rescaling">2.4.3.2  Rescaling movies</A></B></P>

<P>Often the need to resize movie images' size emerges. Its reasons can be many,

  <CODE>-vop scale=X:Y</CODE>. Its quality can be set with the
  <CODE>-sws</CODE> option. If it's not specified, <B>MEncoder</B> will use 0:
  fast bilinear.</P>

<P>Usage:<BR>
<CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder sample-svcd.mpg -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:more_options -vop scale=640:480 -sws 2 -o output.avi</CODE></P>


<P><B><A NAME="copying">2.4.3.3  Stream copying</A></B></P>

<P><B>MEncoder</B> can handle input streams in two ways: <B>encode</B> or
  <B>copy</B> them. This section is about <B>copying</B>.</P>

<UL>
  <LI><B>Video stream</B> (option <CODE>-ovc copy</CODE>): nice stuff can be done :)<BR>
  Like, putting (not converting!) FLI or VIVO or MPEG1 video into an AVI file!
  Of course only <B>MPlayer</B> can play such files :) And it probably has no
  real life value at all. Rationally: video stream copying can be useful for
  example when only the audio stream has to be encoded (like, uncompressed PCM
  to MP3).</LI>

  <LI><B>Audio stream</B> (option <CODE>-oac copy</CODE>): straightforward.
  It is possible to take an external audio file (MP3, AC3, Vorbis) and mux it
  into the output stream. Use the <CODE>-audiofile &lt;filename&gt;</CODE>
  option for this.</LI>
</UL>


<P><B><A NAME="fixing">2.4.3.4  Fixing AVIs with broken index or interleaving</A></B></P>

<P>Easiest thing. We simply copy the video and audio streams, and
<B>MEncoder</B> generates the index. Of course this cannot fix possible bugs in
the video and/or audio streams. It also fixes files with broken interleaving,
thus the <CODE>-ni</CODE> option won't be needed for them anymore.</P>

<P>Command: <CODE>mencoder -idx input.avi -ovc copy -oac copy -o output.avi</CODE></P>


<P><B><A NAME="libavcodec">2.4.3.5  Encoding with the libavcodec codec family</A></B></P>

<P><A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">libavcodec</A> provides simple encoding to a
lot of interesting video and audio formats (currently its audio codecs are
unsupported). You can encode to the following codecs:</P>

<UL>
  <LI>mjpeg - Motion JPEG</LI>
  <LI>h263 - H263</LI>
  <LI>h263p - H263 Plus</LI>

<P>The first column contains the codec names that should be passed after the
  <CODE>vcodec</CODE> config, like: <CODE>-lavcopts vcodec=msmpeg4</CODE></P>

<P>An example, with MJPEG compression:<BR>
  <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -o title2.avi -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mjpeg</CODE></P>


<P><B><A NAME="image_files">2.4.3.6  Encoding from multiple input image files (JPEGs or PNGs)</A></B></P>

<P><B>MEncoder</B> is capable of creating movies from one or more JPEG or PNG

<P><B><A NAME="vobsub">2.4.3.7  Extracting DVD subtitles to Vobsub file</A></B></P>

<P><B>MEncoder</B> is capable of extracting subtitles from a DVD into
Vobsub fomat files. They consist of a pair of files ending in <CODE>.idx</CODE>
and <CODE>.sub</CODE> and are usually packaged in a single <CODE>.rar</CODE>
archive. <B>MPlayer</B> can play these with the <CODE>-vobsub</CODE> and
<CODE>-vobsubid</CODE> options.</P>

<P>You specify the basename (i.e without the <CODE>.idx</CODE> or
<CODE>.sub</CODE> extension) of the output files with <CODE>-vobsubout</CODE>
and the index for this subtitle in the resulting files with
<CODE>-vobsuboutindex</CODE>.</P>

<P>If the input is not from a DVD you should use <CODE>-ifo</CODE> to
indicate the <CODE>.ifo</CODE> file needed to construct the resulting
<CODE>.idx</CODE> file.</P>

<P>If the input is not from a DVD and you do not have the <CODE>.ifo</CODE> file
you will need to use the <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE> option to let it know what
language id to put in the <CODE>.idx</CODE> file.</P>

<P>Each run will append the running subtitle if the <CODE>.idx</CODE> and
<CODE>.sub</CODE> files already exist. So you should remove any before starting.</P>

<P><B>Examples</B></P>

<P><I>Copying two subtitles from a DVD while doing 3-pass encoding</I><BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub</CODE><BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 0 -sid 2 -o frameno.avi -ovc frameno</CODE><BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -pass 1</CODE><BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -pass 2 -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5</CODE></P>

<P><I>Copying a french subtitle from an MPEG file</I><BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub</CODE><BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder movie.mpg -ifo movie.ifo -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 0 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1</CODE></P>


<P><B><A NAME="syntax">2.4.4  Syntax</A></B></P>

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder [options] [input file] [options] ...</CODE></P>

  <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cat *.vob | mencoder &lt;options&gt; -</CODE></P>

<P>Encoding from tuner (for tuner options <A HREF="documentation.html#tv">see the TV input section!</A>):<BR>
  <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -tv on:driver=v4l:width=640:height=480 &lt;options&gt;</CODE></P>

<P>For all available options, <B>check the MEncoder man page!</B>
<P>

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<P><B><A NAME="encoding">2.4  Encoding with MEncoder</A></B></P>

<P><B><A NAME="overview">2.4.1  Overview</A></B></P>

<P><B>MEncoder</B> (<B>MPlayer</B>'s Movie Encoder) is a simple movie encoder,
  designed to encode MPlayer-playable movies
  (<B>AVI/ASF/OGG/DVD/VCD/VOB/MPG/MOV/VIV/FLI/RM/NUV/NET</B>) to other
  MPlayer-playable formats (see below). It can encode with various codecs, like
  <B>DivX4</B> (1 or 2 passes), libavcodec,
  <B>PCM</B>/<B>MP3</B>/<B>VBR MP3</B> audio. Also has powerful plugin system
  for video manipulation.</P>

<P><B><A NAME="compilation">2.4.2  Compilation</A></B></P>

<UL>
  <LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - read <B>MPlayer</B>'s compilation instruction.</LI>

    as described in the <A HREF="documentation.html#installation">Installation</A>
    section</LI>
</UL>

<P>You are ready. As you probably know, other encoding tools need the
  <I>avifile</I> library installed. <B>MEncoder</B> doesn't need it at all.</P>

<P><B><A NAME="features">2.4.3  MEncoder features</A></B></P>

<UL>
  <LI>encoding from the wide range of fileformats and decoders of <B>MPlayer</B></LI>

    <B>MEncoder</B>'s CBR encoding is totally broken on win32 players :)</LI>
  <LI>PCM audio</LI>
  <LI>stream copying</LI>
  <LI>input A/V synchronizing (PTS-based, can be disabled with -mc 0 option)</LI>
  <LI>FPS correction with <CODE>-ofps</CODE> option (useful when encoding
    29.97fps VOB to 24fps AVI)</LI>
  <LI>using our very powerful plugin system (crop, expand, flip, postprocess,
    rotate, scale, rgb/yuv conversion)</LI>
  <LI>can encode DVD/VOBsub <B>AND</B> text subtitles into the output file</LI>
  <LI>can rip DVD subtitles to Vobsub format</LI>
</UL>

<B>Planned features:</B>
<UL>
  <LI>even wider variety of available en/decoding formats/codecs
    (creating VOB files with DivX4/Indeo5/VIVO streams :)</LI>
  <LI>audio encoding from v4l (DONE for FreeBSD ?)</LI>
</UL>

<P><B><A NAME="2pass">2.4.3.1  Encoding 2 or 3-pass DivX4</A></B></P>

<P><U><B>2-pass encoding:</B></U> the name comes from the fact that this method
  encodes the file <I>twice</I>. The first encoding (dubbed <I>pass</I>)
  creates some temporary files (*.log) with a size of few megabytes, do not
  delete them yet (you can delete the AVI). In the second pass, the 2-pass
  output file is created, using the bitrate data from the temporary files. The
  resulting file will have much better image quality. If this is the first time
  you heard about this, you should consult some guides available on the
  Net.</P>

<P>This example shows how to encode a DVD to a 2-pass DivX4 AVI. Just two
  commands are needed:<BR>
  <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm frameno.avi</CODE> - remove this file, which
    can come from a previous 3-pass encoding (it interferes with current
    one)<BR>
  <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -lavcopts
    -vcodec=mpeg4:more_options -o movie.avi -pass 1<BR>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:more_options
    -o movie.avi -pass 2</CODE></P>

<P><U><B>3-pass encoding:</B></U> this is an extension of 2-pass encoding,
  where the audio encoding takes place in a separate pass. This method enables
  estimation of recommended video bitrate in order to fit on a CD. Also, the
  audio is encoded only once, unlike in 2-pass mode. The schematics:</P>

<P><B>Example for 3-pass encoding:</B></P>

<P><CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm frameno.avi</CODE> - remove this file,
  which can come from a previous 3-pass encoding (it interferes with current
  one)<BR>
  <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc frameno
    -o frameno.avi<BR>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2
    -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:more_options -oac copy -o movie.avi -pass 1<BR>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2
    -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:more_options -oac copy -o movie.avi -pass 2</CODE>
</P>

<P><U><B>2 or 3-pass encoding using internal libavcodec controller:</B></U>
  Optionally you can use libavcodec's internal 2 or 3-pass mode, it may give
  you better final rate accuracy than using the external, DivX4-inspired 2-pass
  rate controler with libavcodec.</P>

<UL>
  <LI><B>2-pass encoding:</B><BR>
    <CODE>rm -f lavc_stats.txt<BR>
    mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 (audio-options) -o
      movie.avi<BR>
    mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 (audio-options) -o
      movie.avi</CODE></LI>
  <LI><B>3-pass encoding:</B><BR>
    <CODE>rm -f frameno.avi lavc_stats.txt<BR>
    mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc frameno (audio-options) -o frameno.avi<BR>
    mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o
      movie.avi<BR>
    mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o
      movie.avi</CODE></LI>
</UL>

<P><B><A NAME="rescaling">2.4.3.2  Rescaling movies</A></B></P>

<P>Often the need to resize movie images' size emerges. Its reasons can be many,

  <CODE>-vop scale=X:Y</CODE>. Its quality can be set with the
  <CODE>-sws</CODE> option. If it's not specified, <B>MEncoder</B> will use 0:
  fast bilinear.</P>

<P>Usage:<BR>
  <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder sample-svcd.mpg -lavcopts
    vcodec=mpeg4:more_options -vop scale=640:480 -sws 2 -o
    output.avi</CODE></P>


<P><B><A NAME="copying">2.4.3.3  Stream copying</A></B></P>

<P><B>MEncoder</B> can handle input streams in two ways: <B>encode</B> or
  <B>copy</B> them. This section is about <B>copying</B>.</P>

<UL>
  <LI><B>Video stream</B> (option <CODE>-ovc copy</CODE>): nice stuff can be
    done :)<BR>
    Like, putting (not converting!) FLI or VIVO or MPEG1 video into
    an AVI file! Of course only <B>MPlayer</B> can play such files :) And it
    probably has no real life value at all. Rationally: video stream copying
    can be useful for example when only the audio stream has to be encoded
    (like, uncompressed PCM to MP3).</LI>

  <LI><B>Audio stream</B> (option <CODE>-oac copy</CODE>): straightforward.
    It is possible to take an external audio file (MP3, Vorbis) and mux it
    into the output stream. Use the <CODE>-audiofile &lt;filename&gt;</CODE>
    option for this.</LI>
</UL>


<P><B><A NAME="fixing">2.4.3.4  Fixing AVIs with broken index or interleaving</A></B></P>

<P>Easiest thing. We simply copy the video and audio streams, and
  <B>MEncoder</B> generates the index. Of course this cannot fix possible bugs
  in the video and/or audio streams. It also fixes files with broken
  interleaving, thus the <CODE>-ni</CODE> option won't be needed for them
  anymore.</P>

<P>Command: <CODE>mencoder -idx input.avi -ovc copy -oac copy -o output.avi</CODE></P>


<P><B><A NAME="libavcodec">2.4.3.5  Encoding with the libavcodec codec family</A></B></P>

<P><A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">libavcodec</A> provides simple encoding to a
  lot of interesting video and audio formats (currently its audio codecs are
  unsupported). You can encode to the following codecs:</P>

<UL>
  <LI>mjpeg - Motion JPEG</LI>
  <LI>h263 - H263</LI>
  <LI>h263p - H263 Plus</LI>

<P>The first column contains the codec names that should be passed after the
  <CODE>vcodec</CODE> config, like: <CODE>-lavcopts vcodec=msmpeg4</CODE></P>

<P>An example, with MJPEG compression:<BR>
  <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -o title2.avi -ovc lavc
    -lavcopts vcodec=mjpeg</CODE></P>


<P><B><A NAME="image_files">2.4.3.6  Encoding from multiple input image files (JPEGs or PNGs)</A></B></P>

<P><B>MEncoder</B> is capable of creating movies from one or more JPEG or PNG

<P><B><A NAME="vobsub">2.4.3.7  Extracting DVD subtitles to Vobsub file</A></B></P>

<P><B>MEncoder</B> is capable of extracting subtitles from a DVD into
  Vobsub fomat files. They consist of a pair of files ending in
  <CODE>.idx</CODE> and <CODE>.sub</CODE> and are usually packaged in a single
  <CODE>.rar</CODE> archive. <B>MPlayer</B> can play these with the
  <CODE>-vobsub</CODE> and <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE> options.</P>

<P>You specify the basename (i.e without the <CODE>.idx</CODE> or
  <CODE>.sub</CODE> extension) of the output files with <CODE>-vobsubout</CODE>
  and the index for this subtitle in the resulting files with
  <CODE>-vobsuboutindex</CODE>.</P>

<P>If the input is not from a DVD you should use <CODE>-ifo</CODE> to
  indicate the <CODE>.ifo</CODE> file needed to construct the resulting
  <CODE>.idx</CODE> file.</P>

<P>If the input is not from a DVD and you do not have the <CODE>.ifo</CODE>
  file you will need to use the <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE> option to let it know
  what language id to put in the <CODE>.idx</CODE> file.</P>

<P>Each run will append the running subtitle if the <CODE>.idx</CODE> and
  <CODE>.sub</CODE> files already exist. So you should remove any before
  starting.</P>

<P><B>Examples</B></P>

<P><I>Copying two subtitles from a DVD while doing 3-pass encoding</I><BR>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub</CODE><BR>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 0
    -sid 2 -o frameno.avi -ovc frameno</CODE><BR>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -pass 1</CODE><BR>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -pass 2 -vobsubout
    subtitles -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5</CODE></P>

<P><I>Copying a french subtitle from an MPEG file</I><BR>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub</CODE><BR>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder movie.mpg -ifo movie.ifo -vobsubout subtitles
    -vobsuboutindex 0 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1</CODE></P>


<P><B><A NAME="syntax">2.4.4  Syntax</A></B></P>

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder [options] [input file] [options] ...</CODE></P>

  <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cat *.vob | mencoder &lt;options&gt; -</CODE></P>

<P>Encoding from tuner (for tuner options <A HREF="documentation.html#tv">see the TV input section!</A>):<BR>
  <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -tv on:driver=v4l:width=640:height=480 &lt;options&gt;</CODE></P>

<P>For all available options, <B>check the MEncoder man page!</B></P>

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