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<P><B><A NAME=2.1>2.1. Supported formats</A></B></P>

<P>It's important to clarify a popular mistake. When people see a file with
<B>.AVI</B> extension, they instantly declare that isn't an MPEG file.
That's not true. At least not entirely. If you tell them that such a file
can contain MPEG1 video, they laugh at you. Feel free to kick their dumbass
faces, then tell them to RTFM.</P>

<P>You see, a <B>codec</B> isn't equal to a <B>file format</B>.<BR>
Video <B>codecs</B> are: MPEG1, MPEG2, DivX, Indeo5, 3ivx.<BR>
Video <B>formats</B> are: MPG, AVI, ASF.<BR>
</P>

<P>In theory, you can happily put an OpenDivX video and MP3 audio
into a <B>.MPG</B> format file. Though most players won't play it, since
they expect MPEG1 video and MP2 audio (<B>.MPG</B> doesn't have the
necessary fields to describe its video and audio streams, like <B>.AVI</B>
does). Or put MPEG1 video to an .AVI. For example <A HREF="http://ffmpeg.sourceforge.net">ffmpeg</A>
and <A HREF="encoding.html">MEncoder</A> can create these files.</P>

<P>Audio <B>codecs</B> and <B>formats</B> are basically the same terms.</P>


<P><B><A NAME=2.1.1>2.1.1. Video formats</A></B></P>


<P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.1>2.1.1.1. MPEG files</A></B></P>

<P>
<LI>MPG : this is the most <B>basic</B> form of MPEG file formats. Contains
MPEG1 video, and MP2 (MPEG-1 layer 2) audio, or rarely MP1.</LI>
<LI>DAT : this is the very same format as MPG, just different extension. Used
on <B>Video CD</B>s. Due to the nature VCDs are created and Linux is designed,
the DAT files can't be played nor copied from VCDs. You have to use the
<CODE>-vcd</CODE> option to play the VideoCD.</LI>
<LI>VOB : this is the MPEG file format on <B>DVD</B>s. The same as MPG, plus
capability to contain subtitles, or non-MPEG (AC3) audio. Contains encoded MPEG2
video, and usually AC3 audio, but DTS, MP2 and uncompressed LPCM are allowed too.<BR>
<B>Read the <A HREF="cd-dvd.html#4.2">DVD section</A> !</B></LI>
</P>

<P>In MPEG files, series of frames are grouped together, and are independent
from the other groups. What this means is you can cut/join an MPEG file with
standard file-tools (like dd, cut), and it remains completely functional.</P>

<P>One important feature for MPGs is that they have a field to describe
the aspect ratio of the video stream within. For example SVCDs have
480x480 resolution video, and in the header that field is set to 4:3, so
it's played at 640x480. AVI files don't have this field, so one has to
rescale it during encoding or use option -aspect at playback.</P>


<P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.2>2.1.1.2. AVI files</A></B></P>

<P>Designed by Micro$oft, the <B>AVI (Audio Video Interleaved)</B> is a
widespread multipurpose format, currently used mostly for DivX and DivX4
videos. Has many known drawbacks, and inabilities (for example in streaming).
Has support for one video stream, and 0 to 99 audio streams. Can be as big as
2Gb. There exists an extension for it to be bigger, called <B>OpenDMS</B>.
M$ currently strongly discourages its use and propagates ASF/WMV. Not if
anybody cares.<BR>
<B>NOTE</B> : DV cameras can create two types of AVI format, one is the usual and
playable, the other is neither.</P>

<P>There are two kinds of AVI files:
<UL>
  <LI><B>Interleaved</B> : audio and video content is interleaved. This is the
    standard usage. Recommended and mostly used. Some tools create interleaved
    AVIs with bad sync. <B>MPlayer</B> detects these as interleaved, and this
    climaxes in loss of A/V sync, probably at seeking. These files should be
    played as non-interleaved (with the <CODE>-ni</CODE> option).</LI>
  <LI><B>Non-interleaved</B> : bad. First come the whole video stream, then the whole
    audio stream, thus needs a lot of seeking. It's very bad when playing from
    network or CDROM.</LI>
</UL>
</P>

<P>MPlayer supports 2 kind of timing for AVI files:
<UL>
  <LI><B>bps-based</B> : it is based on bitrate/samplerate of video/audio stream. This
    method is used by most players, including avifile and windows media player.
    Files with broken headers, and files created with VBR audio but not
    VBR-compliant encoder will result in A/V desync with this method (mostly at
    seeking).</LI>
  <LI><B>interleaving-based</B> : it doesn't use bitrate value of the header, instead
    it uses the relative position of interleaved audio and video chunks. Makes
    some badly encoded file with VBR audio playable.</LI>
</UL>
</P>

<P>Any audio and video codec is allowed, but note that VBR audio isn't well
supported by most of the players. The file format makes it possible to use VBR
audio, but most players expect CBR audio, thus they fail with VBR. VBR is
unusual, and Microsoft's AVI specs only describe CBR audio. I also note, that
most AVI encoders/multiplexers create bad files if using VBR audio. Only 2
exception (known by me): NaNDub and <A HREF="encoding.html">MEncoder</A>.</P>


<P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.3>2.1.1.3. ASF/WMV files</A></B></P>

<P>ASF (active streaming format) comes from Microsoft. They developed two
variants of ASF, v1.0 and v2.0. v1.0 is used by their media tools (windows
media player and windows media encoder) and is very secret. v2.0 is published
and patented :). Of course they differ, there is no compatibility at all (it's
just another legal game). <B>MPlayer</B> supports only v1.0, as nobody has ever seen
v2.0 files :) . Note, that .ASF files nowdays come with the extension .WMA or
.WMV.</P>


<P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.4>2.1.1.4. QuickTime/MOV files</A></B></P>

<P>These are from Macintosh. Usually have extensions of .QT or .MOV . Note
that since the MPEG4 Group chose QuickTime as the recommended file format
for MPEG4, their .MOV files come with .MPG or .MP4 extension (interesting
that in these files the video stream is a real .MPG file. With the
<CODE>-dumpvideo</CODE> option you can even extract it.).</P>

<P><B>Codecs</B>: any codecs allowed, both CBR and VBR. Note: most new mov files use
<B>Sorenson</B> video and QDesign Music audio. These formats are completely
secret, and only Apple's quicktime player is able to play these files (on
win/mac only).</P>


<P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.5>2.1.1.5. VIV files</A></B></P>

<P><B>MPlayer</B> happily demuxes VIVO file formats. The format's big
disadvantage is that it has no index block, nor fixed packetsize or sync bytes,
and most files lack even keyframes, so forget seeking!</P>

<P>VIVO/1.0 files' video codec is standard <B>h.263</B> . The VIVO/2.0 files'
video codec is a modified, nonstandard <B>h.263</B> . Audio is the same,
it may be <B>g.723</B> (standard), or <B>Vivo Siren</B> .</P>

<P>See the <A HREF=codecs.html#2.2.1.4>VIVO video codec</A>
and <A HREF=codecs.html#2.2.2.4>VIVO audio codec</A> sections for installation
instructions.</P>


<P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.6>2.1.1.6. FLI files</A></B></P>

<P><B>FLI</B> is a very old fileformat used by Autodesk Animator, but it's
a common fileformat for short animations on the Net. <B>MPlayer</B> demuxes
and decodes FLI movies and is even able to seek within them (useful when
looping with the -loop option). FLI files don't have keyframes, so picture
will be messy for a short time after seeking.</P>


<P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.7>2.1.1.7. RealMedia (RM) files</A></B></P>

<P>Yes, <B>MPlayer</B> can read (demux) RealMedia (.rm) files. Seeking works
(the format supports keyframes). Here are the lists of the supported
<A HREF="codecs.html#2.2.1.8">RealVideo</A>
and <A HREF="codecs.html#2.2.2.5">RealAudio</A> codecs.


<P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.8>2.1.1.8. NuppelVideo files</A></B></P>

<P><A HREF="http://mars.tuwien.ac.at/~roman/nuppelvideo">NuppelVideo</A>
is a TV grabber tool (AFAIK:). <B>MPlayer</B> can read its <CODE>.nuv</CODE>
files (only NuppelVideo 5.0). Those files can contain uncompressed YV12,
YV12+RTJpeg compressed, YV12 RTJpeg+lzo compressed, and YV12+lzo compressed
frames, <B>MPlayer</B> decodes (and also <B>encodes</B> them with MEncoder to
DivX/etc!) them all. Seeking is under implementation.</P>


<P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.9>2.1.1.9. yuv4mpeg files</A></B></P>

<P><A HREF="http://mjpeg.sourceforge.net">yuv4mpeg / yuv4mpeg2</A> is
a fileformat used by <A HREF="http://mjpeg.sf.net">mjpegtools programs</A>.
You can grab, produce, filter or encode video in this format using these.
The file is really a sequence of uncompressed YUV 4:2:0 images.
</P>


<P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.10>2.1.1.10. FILM files</A></B></P>

<P>This format is used on old Sega Saturn CD-ROM games.</P>


<P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.11>2.1.1.11. RoQ files</A></B></P>

<P>RoQ files are multimedia files used in some ID games such as Quake III and
  Return to Castle Wolfenstein.</P>


<P><B><A NAME=2.1.2>2.1.2. Audio formats</A></B></P>

<P>Currently <B>MPlayer</B> is still a <B>Movie</B> and not a <B>Media</B>
player, thus the pure audio formats (for example MP3, WAV, audio ASF) are
unplayable. Use <A HREF="http://www.xmms.org">xmms</A>, <A HREF="http://www.mpg123.de">mpg123</A>
or whatever.</P>

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