view libmpdemux/yuv4mpeg.c @ 31632:fc6f2b4e8a26

Avoid calling av_resample_init again when the values are the same as before. The init function can be called multiple times when e.g. additional format filters are inserted, so this speeds things up. Patch by Dan Oscarsson [Dan.Oscarsson tieto com].

/*
 *  yuv4mpeg.c:  Functions for reading and writing "new" YUV4MPEG streams
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2001 Matthew J. Marjanovic <[e-mail]>
 *
 *  This file is part of the MJPEG Tools package (mjpeg.sourceforge.net).
 *  Ported to mplayer by Rik Snel <[e-mail]>
 *
 *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 *  modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 *  as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
 *  of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *  GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 *  Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
 *
 */

#include "config.h"

#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "yuv4mpeg.h"
#include "yuv4mpeg_intern.h"
#include "mp_msg.h"

static int _y4mparam_allow_unknown_tags = 1;  /* default is forgiveness */

static void *(*_y4m_alloc)(size_t bytes) = malloc;
static void (*_y4m_free)(void *ptr) = free;

int y4m_allow_unknown_tags(int yn) {
	int old = _y4mparam_allow_unknown_tags;
  	if (yn >= 0) _y4mparam_allow_unknown_tags = (yn) ? 1 : 0;
  	return old;
}



/*************************************************************************
 *
 * Convenience functions for fd read/write
 *
 *   - guaranteed to transfer entire payload (or fail)
 *   - returns:
 *               0 on complete success
 *               +(# of remaining bytes) on eof (for y4m_read)
 *               -(# of rem. bytes) on error (and ERRNO should be set)
 *
 *************************************************************************/


ssize_t y4m_read(stream_t *s, char *buf, size_t len)
{
   ssize_t n;

   while (len > 0) {
     n = stream_read(s, buf, len);
     if (n <= 0) {
       /* return amount left to read */
       if (n == 0)
	 return len;  /* n == 0 --> eof */
       else
	 return -len; /* n < 0 --> error */
     }
     buf += n;
     len -= n;
   }
   return 0;
}


#if 0 /* not needed */
ssize_t y4m_write(int fd, char *buf, size_t len)
{
   ssize_t n;

   while (len > 0) {
     n = write(fd, buf, len);
     if (n < 0) return -len;  /* return amount left to write */
     buf += n;
     len -= n;
   }
   return 0;
}
#endif


/*************************************************************************
 *
 * "Extra tags" handling
 *
 *************************************************************************/


static char *y4m_new_xtag(void)
{
  return _y4m_alloc(Y4M_MAX_XTAG_SIZE);
}


void y4m_init_xtag_list(y4m_xtag_list_t *xtags)
{
  int i;
  xtags->count = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < Y4M_MAX_XTAGS; i++) {
    xtags->tags[i] = NULL;
  }
}


void y4m_fini_xtag_list(y4m_xtag_list_t *xtags)
{
  int i;
  for (i = 0; i < Y4M_MAX_XTAGS; i++) {
    if (xtags->tags[i] != NULL) {
      _y4m_free(xtags->tags[i]);
      xtags->tags[i] = NULL;
    }
  }
  xtags->count = 0;
}


void y4m_copy_xtag_list(y4m_xtag_list_t *dest, const y4m_xtag_list_t *src)
{
  int i;
  for (i = 0; i < src->count; i++) {
    if (dest->tags[i] == NULL)
      dest->tags[i] = y4m_new_xtag();
    strncpy(dest->tags[i], src->tags[i], Y4M_MAX_XTAG_SIZE);
  }
  dest->count = src->count;
}



#if 0
static int y4m_snprint_xtags(char *s, int maxn, y4m_xtag_list_t *xtags)
{
  int i, room;

  for (i = 0, room = maxn - 1; i < xtags->count; i++) {
    int n = snprintf(s, room + 1, " %s", xtags->tags[i]);
    if ((n < 0) || (n > room)) return Y4M_ERR_HEADER;
    s += n;
    room -= n;
  }
  s[0] = '\n';  /* finish off header with newline */
  s[1] = '\0';  /* ...and end-of-string           */
  return Y4M_OK;
}
#endif


int y4m_xtag_count(const y4m_xtag_list_t *xtags)
{
  return xtags->count;
}


const char *y4m_xtag_get(const y4m_xtag_list_t *xtags, int n)
{
  if (n >= xtags->count)
    return NULL;
  else
    return xtags->tags[n];
}


int y4m_xtag_add(y4m_xtag_list_t *xtags, const char *tag)
{
  if (xtags->count >= Y4M_MAX_XTAGS) return Y4M_ERR_XXTAGS;
  if (xtags->tags[xtags->count] == NULL) {
    xtags->tags[xtags->count] = y4m_new_xtag();
  }
  strncpy(xtags->tags[xtags->count], tag, Y4M_MAX_XTAG_SIZE);
  (xtags->count)++;
  return Y4M_OK;
}


int y4m_xtag_remove(y4m_xtag_list_t *xtags, int n)
{
  int i;
  char *q;

  if ((n < 0) || (n >= xtags->count)) return Y4M_ERR_RANGE;
  q = xtags->tags[n];
  for (i = n; i < (xtags->count - 1); i++)
    xtags->tags[i] = xtags->tags[i+1];
  xtags->tags[i] = q;
  (xtags->count)--;
  return Y4M_OK;
}


int y4m_xtag_clearlist(y4m_xtag_list_t *xtags)
{
  xtags->count = 0;
  return Y4M_OK;
}


int y4m_xtag_addlist(y4m_xtag_list_t *dest, const y4m_xtag_list_t *src)
{
  int i, j;

  if ((dest->count + src->count) > Y4M_MAX_XTAGS) return Y4M_ERR_XXTAGS;
  for (i = dest->count, j = 0;
       j < src->count;
       i++, j++) {
    if (dest->tags[i] == NULL)
      dest->tags[i] = y4m_new_xtag();
    strncpy(dest->tags[i], src->tags[i], Y4M_MAX_XTAG_SIZE);
  }
  dest->count += src->count;
  return Y4M_OK;
}


/*************************************************************************
 *
 * Creators/destructors for y4m_*_info_t structures
 *
 *************************************************************************/


void y4m_init_stream_info(y4m_stream_info_t *info)
{
  if (info == NULL) return;
  /* initialize info */
  info->width = Y4M_UNKNOWN;
  info->height = Y4M_UNKNOWN;
  info->interlace = Y4M_UNKNOWN;
  info->framerate = y4m_fps_UNKNOWN;
  info->sampleaspect = y4m_sar_UNKNOWN;
  y4m_init_xtag_list(&(info->x_tags));
}


void y4m_copy_stream_info(y4m_stream_info_t *dest, y4m_stream_info_t *src)
{
  if ((dest == NULL) || (src == NULL)) return;
  /* copy info */
  dest->width = src->width;
  dest->height = src->height;
  dest->interlace = src->interlace;
  dest->framerate = src->framerate;
  dest->sampleaspect = src->sampleaspect;
  y4m_copy_xtag_list(&(dest->x_tags), &(src->x_tags));
}


void y4m_fini_stream_info(y4m_stream_info_t *info)
{
  if (info == NULL) return;
  y4m_fini_xtag_list(&(info->x_tags));
}


void y4m_si_set_width(y4m_stream_info_t *si, int width)
{
  si->width = width;
  si->framelength = (si->height * si->width) * 3 / 2;
}

int y4m_si_get_width(y4m_stream_info_t *si)
{ return si->width; }

void y4m_si_set_height(y4m_stream_info_t *si, int height)
{
  si->height = height;
  si->framelength = (si->height * si->width) * 3 / 2;
}

int y4m_si_get_height(y4m_stream_info_t *si)
{ return si->height; }

void y4m_si_set_interlace(y4m_stream_info_t *si, int interlace)
{ si->interlace = interlace; }

int y4m_si_get_interlace(y4m_stream_info_t *si)
{ return si->interlace; }

void y4m_si_set_framerate(y4m_stream_info_t *si, y4m_ratio_t framerate)
{ si->framerate = framerate; }

y4m_ratio_t y4m_si_get_framerate(y4m_stream_info_t *si)
{ return si->framerate; }

void y4m_si_set_sampleaspect(y4m_stream_info_t *si, y4m_ratio_t sar)
{ si->sampleaspect = sar; }

y4m_ratio_t y4m_si_get_sampleaspect(y4m_stream_info_t *si)
{ return si->sampleaspect; }

int y4m_si_get_framelength(y4m_stream_info_t *si)
{ return si->framelength; }

y4m_xtag_list_t *y4m_si_xtags(y4m_stream_info_t *si)
{ return &(si->x_tags); }



void y4m_init_frame_info(y4m_frame_info_t *info)
{
  if (info == NULL) return;
  /* initialize info */
  y4m_init_xtag_list(&(info->x_tags));
}


void y4m_copy_frame_info(y4m_frame_info_t *dest, y4m_frame_info_t *src)
{
  if ((dest == NULL) || (src == NULL)) return;
  /* copy info */
  y4m_copy_xtag_list(&(dest->x_tags), &(src->x_tags));
}


void y4m_fini_frame_info(y4m_frame_info_t *info)
{
  if (info == NULL) return;
  y4m_fini_xtag_list(&(info->x_tags));
}



/*************************************************************************
 *
 * Tag parsing
 *
 *************************************************************************/

int y4m_parse_stream_tags(char *s, y4m_stream_info_t *i)
{
  char *token, *value;
  char tag;
  int err;

  /* parse fields */
  for (token = strtok(s, Y4M_DELIM);
       token != NULL;
       token = strtok(NULL, Y4M_DELIM)) {
    if (token[0] == '\0') continue;   /* skip empty strings */
    tag = token[0];
    value = token + 1;
    switch (tag) {
    case 'W':  /* width */
      i->width = atoi(value);
      if (i->width <= 0) return Y4M_ERR_RANGE;
      break;
    case 'H':  /* height */
      i->height = atoi(value);
      if (i->height <= 0) return Y4M_ERR_RANGE;
      break;
    case 'F':  /* frame rate (fps) */
      if ((err = y4m_parse_ratio(&(i->framerate), value)) != Y4M_OK)
	return err;
      if (i->framerate.n < 0) return Y4M_ERR_RANGE;
      break;
    case 'I':  /* interlacing */
      switch (value[0]) {
      case 'p':  i->interlace = Y4M_ILACE_NONE; break;
      case 't':  i->interlace = Y4M_ILACE_TOP_FIRST; break;
      case 'b':  i->interlace = Y4M_ILACE_BOTTOM_FIRST; break;
      case '?':
      default:
	i->interlace = Y4M_UNKNOWN; break;
      }
      break;
    case 'A':  /* sample (pixel) aspect ratio */
      if ((err = y4m_parse_ratio(&(i->sampleaspect), value)) != Y4M_OK)
	return err;
      if (i->sampleaspect.n < 0) return Y4M_ERR_RANGE;
      break;
    case 'X':  /* 'X' meta-tag */
      if ((err = y4m_xtag_add(&(i->x_tags), token)) != Y4M_OK) return err;
      break;
    default:
      /* possible error on unknown options */
      if (_y4mparam_allow_unknown_tags) {
	/* unknown tags ok:  store in xtag list and warn... */
	if ((err = y4m_xtag_add(&(i->x_tags), token)) != Y4M_OK) return err;
	mp_msg(MSGT_DEMUX, MSGL_WARN, "Unknown stream tag encountered:  '%s'\n", token);
      } else {
	/* unknown tags are *not* ok */
	return Y4M_ERR_BADTAG;
      }
      break;
    }
  }
  /* Error checking... width and height must be known since we can't
   * parse without them
   */
  if( i->width == Y4M_UNKNOWN || i->height == Y4M_UNKNOWN )
	  return Y4M_ERR_HEADER;
  /* ta da!  done. */
  return Y4M_OK;
}



static int y4m_parse_frame_tags(char *s, y4m_frame_info_t *i)
{
  char *token, *value;
  char tag;
  int err;

  /* parse fields */
  for (token = strtok(s, Y4M_DELIM);
       token != NULL;
       token = strtok(NULL, Y4M_DELIM)) {
    if (token[0] == '\0') continue;   /* skip empty strings */
    tag = token[0];
    value = token + 1;
    switch (tag) {
    case 'X':  /* 'X' meta-tag */
      if ((err = y4m_xtag_add(&(i->x_tags), token)) != Y4M_OK) return err;
      break;
    default:
      /* possible error on unknown options */
      if (_y4mparam_allow_unknown_tags) {
	/* unknown tags ok:  store in xtag list and warn... */
	if ((err = y4m_xtag_add(&(i->x_tags), token)) != Y4M_OK) return err;
	mp_msg(MSGT_DEMUX, MSGL_WARN, "Unknown frame tag encountered:  '%s'\n", token);
      } else {
	/* unknown tags are *not* ok */
	return Y4M_ERR_BADTAG;
      }
      break;
    }
  }
  /* ta da!  done. */
  return Y4M_OK;
}





/*************************************************************************
 *
 * Read/Write stream header
 *
 *************************************************************************/


int y4m_read_stream_header(stream_t *s, y4m_stream_info_t *i)
{
   char line[Y4M_LINE_MAX];
   char *p;
   int n;
   int err;

   /* read the header line */
   for (n = 0, p = line; n < Y4M_LINE_MAX; n++, p++) {
     if (y4m_read(s, p, 1))
       return Y4M_ERR_SYSTEM;
     if (*p == '\n') {
       *p = '\0';           /* Replace linefeed by end of string */
       break;
     }
   }
   if (n >= Y4M_LINE_MAX)
      return Y4M_ERR_HEADER;
   /* look for keyword in header */
   if (strncmp(line, Y4M_MAGIC, strlen(Y4M_MAGIC)))
    return Y4M_ERR_MAGIC;
   if ((err = y4m_parse_stream_tags(line + strlen(Y4M_MAGIC), i)) != Y4M_OK)
     return err;

   i->framelength = (i->height * i->width) * 3 / 2;
   return Y4M_OK;
}


#if 0
int y4m_write_stream_header(int fd, y4m_stream_info_t *i)
{
  char s[Y4M_LINE_MAX+1];
  int n;
  int err;

  y4m_ratio_reduce(&(i->framerate));
  y4m_ratio_reduce(&(i->sampleaspect));
  n = snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "%s W%d H%d F%d:%d I%s A%d:%d",
	       Y4M_MAGIC,
	       i->width,
	       i->height,
	       i->framerate.n, i->framerate.d,
	       (i->interlace == Y4M_ILACE_NONE) ? "p" :
	       (i->interlace == Y4M_ILACE_TOP_FIRST) ? "t" :
	       (i->interlace == Y4M_ILACE_BOTTOM_FIRST) ? "b" : "?",
	       i->sampleaspect.n, i->sampleaspect.d);
  if ((n < 0) || (n > Y4M_LINE_MAX)) return Y4M_ERR_HEADER;
  if ((err = y4m_snprint_xtags(s + n, sizeof(s) - n - 1, &(i->x_tags)))
      != Y4M_OK)
    return err;
  /* non-zero on error */
  return (y4m_write(fd, s, strlen(s)) ? Y4M_ERR_SYSTEM : Y4M_OK);
}
#endif




/*************************************************************************
 *
 * Read/Write frame header
 *
 *************************************************************************/

int y4m_read_frame_header(stream_t *s, y4m_frame_info_t *i)
{
  char line[Y4M_LINE_MAX];
  char *p;
  int n;
  ssize_t remain;

  /* This is more clever than read_stream_header...
     Try to read "FRAME\n" all at once, and don't try to parse
     if nothing else is there...
  */
  remain = y4m_read(s, line, sizeof(Y4M_FRAME_MAGIC));
  if (remain != 0)
  {
	  /* A clean EOF should end exactly at a frame-boundary */
	  if( remain == sizeof(Y4M_FRAME_MAGIC) )
		  return Y4M_ERR_EOF;
	  else
		  return Y4M_ERR_SYSTEM;
  }
  if (strncmp(line, Y4M_FRAME_MAGIC, sizeof(Y4M_FRAME_MAGIC)-1))
    return Y4M_ERR_MAGIC;
  if (line[sizeof(Y4M_FRAME_MAGIC)-1] == '\n')
    return Y4M_OK; /* done -- no tags:  that was the end-of-line. */

  if (line[sizeof(Y4M_FRAME_MAGIC)-1] != Y4M_DELIM[0]) {
    return Y4M_ERR_MAGIC; /* wasn't a space -- what was it? */
  }

  /* proceed to get the tags... (overwrite the magic) */
  for (n = 0, p = line; n < Y4M_LINE_MAX; n++, p++) {
    if (y4m_read(s, p, 1))
      return Y4M_ERR_SYSTEM;
    if (*p == '\n') {
      *p = '\0';           /* Replace linefeed by end of string */
      break;
    }
  }
  if (n >= Y4M_LINE_MAX) return Y4M_ERR_HEADER;
  /* non-zero on error */
  return y4m_parse_frame_tags(line, i);
}


#if 0
int y4m_write_frame_header(int fd, y4m_frame_info_t *i)
{
  char s[Y4M_LINE_MAX+1];
  int n;
  int err;

  n = snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "%s", Y4M_FRAME_MAGIC);
  if ((n < 0) || (n > Y4M_LINE_MAX)) return Y4M_ERR_HEADER;
  if ((err = y4m_snprint_xtags(s + n, sizeof(s) - n - 1, &(i->x_tags)))
      != Y4M_OK)
    return err;
  /* non-zero on error */
  return (y4m_write(fd, s, strlen(s)) ? Y4M_ERR_SYSTEM : Y4M_OK);
}
#endif



/*************************************************************************
 *
 * Read/Write entire frame
 *
 *************************************************************************/

int y4m_read_frame(stream_t *s, y4m_stream_info_t *si,
		   y4m_frame_info_t *fi, unsigned char *yuv[3])
{
  int err;
  int w = si->width;
  int h = si->height;

  /* Read frame header */
  if ((err = y4m_read_frame_header(s, fi)) != Y4M_OK) return err;
  /* Read luminance scanlines */
  if (y4m_read(s, yuv[0], w*h)) return Y4M_ERR_SYSTEM;
  /* Read chrominance scanlines */
  if (y4m_read(s, yuv[1], w*h/4)) return Y4M_ERR_SYSTEM;
  if (y4m_read(s, yuv[2], w*h/4)) return Y4M_ERR_SYSTEM;

  return Y4M_OK;
}



#if 0
int y4m_write_frame(int fd, y4m_stream_info_t *si,
		    y4m_frame_info_t *fi, unsigned char *yuv[3])
{
  int err;
  int w = si->width;
  int h = si->height;

  /* Write frame header */
  if ((err = y4m_write_frame_header(fd, fi)) != Y4M_OK) return err;
  /* Write luminance,chrominance scanlines */
  if (y4m_write(fd, yuv[0], w*h) ||
      y4m_write(fd, yuv[1], w*h/4) ||
      y4m_write(fd, yuv[2], w*h/4))
    return Y4M_ERR_SYSTEM;
  return Y4M_OK;
}
#endif


/*************************************************************************
 *
 * Read/Write entire frame, (de)interleaved (to)from two separate fields
 *
 *************************************************************************/

#if 0
int y4m_read_fields(int fd, y4m_stream_info_t *si, y4m_frame_info_t *fi,
                    unsigned char *upper_field[3],
                    unsigned char *lower_field[3])
{
  int i, y, err;
  int width = si->width;
  int height = si->height;

  /* Read frame header */
  if ((err = y4m_read_frame_header(fd, fi)) != Y4M_OK) return err;
  /* Read Y', Cb, and Cr planes */
  for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
    unsigned char *srctop = upper_field[i];
    unsigned char *srcbot = lower_field[i];
    /* alternately write one line from each */
    for (y = 0; y < height; y += 2) {
      if (y4m_read(fd, srctop, width)) return Y4M_ERR_SYSTEM;
      srctop += width;
      if (y4m_read(fd, srcbot, width)) return Y4M_ERR_SYSTEM;
      srcbot += width;
    }
    /* for chroma, width/height are half as big */
    if (i == 0) {
      width /= 2;
      height /= 2;
    }
  }
  return Y4M_OK;
}



int y4m_write_fields(int fd, y4m_stream_info_t *si, y4m_frame_info_t *fi,
                     unsigned char *upper_field[3],
                     unsigned char *lower_field[3])
{
  int i, y, err;
  int width = si->width;
  int height = si->height;

  /* Write frame header */
  if ((err = y4m_write_frame_header(fd, fi)) != Y4M_OK) return err;
  /* Write Y', Cb, and Cr planes */
  for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
    unsigned char *srctop = upper_field[i];
    unsigned char *srcbot = lower_field[i];
    /* alternately write one line from each */
    for (y = 0; y < height; y += 2) {
      if (y4m_write(fd, srctop, width)) return Y4M_ERR_SYSTEM;
      srctop += width;
      if (y4m_write(fd, srcbot, width)) return Y4M_ERR_SYSTEM;
      srcbot += width;
    }
    /* for chroma, width/height are half as big */
    if (i == 0) {
      width /= 2;
      height /= 2;
    }
  }
  return Y4M_OK;
}
#endif


/*************************************************************************
 *
 * Handy logging of stream info
 *
 *************************************************************************/

void y4m_log_stream_info(const char *prefix, y4m_stream_info_t *i)
{
  char s[256];

  snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "  frame size:  ");
  if (i->width == Y4M_UNKNOWN)
    snprintf(s+strlen(s), sizeof(s)-strlen(s), "(?)x");
  else
    snprintf(s+strlen(s), sizeof(s)-strlen(s), "%dx", i->width);
  if (i->height == Y4M_UNKNOWN)
    snprintf(s+strlen(s), sizeof(s)-strlen(s), "(?) pixels ");
  else
    snprintf(s+strlen(s), sizeof(s)-strlen(s), "%d pixels ", i->height);
  if (i->framelength == Y4M_UNKNOWN)
    snprintf(s+strlen(s), sizeof(s)-strlen(s), "(? bytes)");
  else
    snprintf(s+strlen(s), sizeof(s)-strlen(s), "(%d bytes)", i->framelength);
  mp_msg(MSGT_DEMUX, MSGL_V, "%s%s\n", prefix, s);
  if ((i->framerate.n == 0) && (i->framerate.d == 0))
    mp_msg(MSGT_DEMUX, MSGL_V, "%s  frame rate:  ??? fps\n", prefix);
  else
    mp_msg(MSGT_DEMUX, MSGL_V, "%s  frame rate:  %d/%d fps (~%f)\n", prefix,
	      i->framerate.n, i->framerate.d,
	      (double) i->framerate.n / (double) i->framerate.d);
  mp_msg(MSGT_DEMUX, MSGL_V, "%s   interlace:  %s\n", prefix,
	  (i->interlace == Y4M_ILACE_NONE) ? "none/progressive" :
	  (i->interlace == Y4M_ILACE_TOP_FIRST) ? "top-field-first" :
	  (i->interlace == Y4M_ILACE_BOTTOM_FIRST) ? "bottom-field-first" :
	  "anyone's guess");
  if ((i->sampleaspect.n == 0) && (i->sampleaspect.d == 0))
    mp_msg(MSGT_DEMUX, MSGL_V, "%ssample aspect ratio:  ?:?\n", prefix);
  else
    mp_msg(MSGT_DEMUX, MSGL_V, "%ssample aspect ratio:  %d:%d\n", prefix,
	      i->sampleaspect.n, i->sampleaspect.d);
}


/*************************************************************************
 *
 * Convert error code to string
 *
 *************************************************************************/

const char *y4m_strerr(int err)
{
  switch (err) {
  case Y4M_OK:          return "no error";
  case Y4M_ERR_RANGE:   return "parameter out of range";
  case Y4M_ERR_SYSTEM:  return "stream ended unexpectedly (failed read/write)";
  case Y4M_ERR_HEADER:  return "bad stream or frame header";
  case Y4M_ERR_BADTAG:  return "unknown header tag";
  case Y4M_ERR_MAGIC:   return "bad header magic";
  case Y4M_ERR_XXTAGS:  return "too many xtags";
  case Y4M_ERR_EOF:     return "end-of-file";
  default:
    return "unknown error code";
  }
}