Mercurial > mplayer.hg
changeset 9779:6921cceaeacb
race with time translating sound.html starts...
| author | eyck |
|---|---|
| date | Tue, 01 Apr 2003 09:20:36 +0000 |
| parents | da63c272425e |
| children | a342705a2ce9 |
| files | DOCS/pl/sound.html |
| diffstat | 1 files changed, 725 insertions(+), 168 deletions(-) [+] |
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--- a/DOCS/pl/sound.html Tue Apr 01 00:33:16 2003 +0000 +++ b/DOCS/pl/sound.html Tue Apr 01 09:20:36 2003 +0000 @@ -1,271 +1,831 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <HTML> <HEAD> -<STYLE> - .text - {font-family : Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; - font-size : 14px;} -</STYLE> + <TITLE>Sound - MPlayer - Odtwarzacz filmów</TITLE> + <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="../default.css"> + <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-2"> </HEAD> -<BODY BGCOLOR=white> +<BODY> + + + <H3><A NAME="audio">2.3.2 Urządzenia wyjścia: dźwięk</A></H3> + +<H4><A NAME="sync">2.3.2.1 Synchronizacja audio/video</A></H4> + +<P>Interfejs do dźwięku w MPlayerze nazywa się <I>libao2</I>. Aktualnie +zawiera następujące sterowniki:</P> + +<DL> + <DT>oss</DT> + <DD>sterownik OSS (ioctl) (obsługuje sprzętowe AC3)</DD> + + <DT>sdl</DT> + <DD>sterownik SDL (obsługuje demony dźwięku takie jak <B>ESD</B> i <B>ARTS</B>)</DD> + + <DT>nas</DT> + <DD>sterownik NAS (Network Audio System)</DD> + + <DT>alsa5</DT> + <DD>natywny sterownik ALSA 0.5</DD> + + <DT>alsa9</DT> + <DD>natywny sterownik ALSA 0.9 (obsługuje sprzętowe AC3)</DD> + + <DT>sun</DT> + <DD>sterownik dźwięku SUN (<CODE>/dev/audio</CODE>) dla użytkowników BSD i Solaris8</DD> -<FONT CLASS="text"> + <DT>arts</DT> + <DD>natywny sterownik ARTS (głównie dla użytkowników KDE)</DD> + + <DT>esd</DT> + <DD>natywny sterownik ESD (głównie dla użytkowników GNOME)</DD> +</DL> + +<P> + Sterowniki kart dźwiękowych w Linuxie mają problemy z kompatybilnością. + Wynika to z tego że MPlayer polega na wbudowanych właściwościach <EM>prawidłowo</EM> + napisanych sterowników które pozwalają utrzymać prawidłową synchronizację audio/video. + Niestety, niektórzy autorzy sterowników nie wysilają się z zaprogramowaniem tych właściwości, + gdyż nie są wymagane do odgrywania plików MP3. </P> + +<P>Other media players like <A HREF="http://avifile.sourceforge.net">aviplay</A> + or <A HREF="http://xine.sourceforge.net">xine</A> possibly work + out-of-the-box with these drivers because they use "simple" methods with + internal timing. Measuring showed that their methods are not as efficient + as MPlayer's. </P> + +<P>Using MPlayer with a properly written audio driver will never result + in A/V desyncs related to the audio, except only with very badly created + files (check the man page for workarounds).</P> + +<P>If you happen to have a bad audio driver, try the <CODE>-autosync</CODE> + option, it should sort out your problems. See the man page for detailed + information.</P> + +<P>Some notes:</P> -<P><B><A NAME=2.3.2>2.3.2. Audio output devices</A></B></P> +<UL> + <LI>If you have an OSS driver, first try <CODE>-ao oss</CODE> (this is the + default). If you experience glitches, halts or anything out of the + ordinary, try <CODE>-ao sdl</CODE> (NOTE: You need to have SDL libraries + and header files installed). The SDL audio driver helps in a lot of cases + and also supports ESD (GNOME) and ARTS (KDE).</LI> + <LI>If you have ALSA version 0.5, then you almost always have to use + <CODE>-ao alsa5</CODE> , since ALSA 0.5 has buggy OSS emulation code, and + will <B>crash MPlayer</B> with a message like this:<BR> + <CODE>DEMUXER: Too many (945 in 8390980 bytes) video packets in the buffer!</CODE></LI> + <LI>On Solaris, use the SUN audio driver with the <CODE>-ao sun</CODE> option, + otherwise neither video nor audio will work.</LI> + <LI>If the sound clicks when playing from CD-ROM, turn on IRQ unmasking, e.g. + <CODE>hdparm -u1 /dev/cdrom</CODE> (<CODE>man hdparm</CODE>). This is + generally beneficial and described in more detail in the + <A HREF="cd-dvd.html#drives">CD-ROM section</A>.</LI> + </UL> + + +<H4><A NAME="experiences">2.3.2.2 Sound Card experiences, recommendations</A></H4> + +<P>On Linux, a 2.4.x kernel is highly recommended. Kernel 2.2 is not tested.</P> -<P><B>MPlayer</B>'s audio interface is called <I>libao2</I>. It currently -contains these drivers:</P> +<P>Linux sound drivers are primarily provided by the free version of OSS. These + drivers have been superceded by <A HREF="http://www.alsa-project.org">ALSA</A> + (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture) in the 2.5 development series. If your + distribution does not already use ALSA you may wish to try their drivers if + you experience sound problems. ALSA drivers are generally superior to OSS in + compatibility, performance and features. But some sound cards are only + supported by the commercial OSS drivers from + <A HREF="http://www.opensound.com/">4Front Technologies</A>. They also support + several non-Linux systems.</P> + +<TABLE BORDER="1" WIDTH="100%"> + + <TR> + <TH ROWSPAN="2"><B>SOUND CARD</B></TH> + <TH COLSPAN="4"><B>DRIVER</B></TH> + <TH ROWSPAN="2"><B>Max kHz</B></TH> + <TH ROWSPAN="2"><B>Max Channels</B></TH> + <TH ROWSPAN="2"><B>Max Opens<FONT SIZE="-2"><A HREF=#note1>[1]</A></FONT></B></TH> + </TR> + + <TR> + <TH><B>OSS/Free</B></TH> + <TH><B>ALSA</B></TH> + <TH><B>OSS/Pro</B></TH> + <TH><B>other</B></TH> + </TR> + + <TR> + <TD><B>VIA onboard (686/A/B, 8233, 8235)</B></TD> + <TD><A HREF="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=3242&release_id=59602">via82cxxx_audio</A></TD> + <TD>snd-via82xx</TD> + <TD> </TD> + <TD> </TD> + <TD>4-48 kHz or 48 kHz only, depending on the chipset</TD> + <TD> </TD> + <TD> </TD> + </TR> -<TABLE BORDER=0> + <TR> + <TD><B>Aureal Vortex 2</B></TD> + <TD>none</TD> + <TD>none</TD> + <TD>OK</TD> + <TD><A HREF="http://aureal.sourceforge.net">Linux Aureal Drivers</A><BR> + <A HREF="http://makacs.poliod.hu/~pontscho/aureal/au88xx-1.1.3.tar.bz2">buffer size increased to 32k</A></TD> + <TD>48</TD> + <TD>4.1</TD> + <TD>5+</TD> + </TR> -<TR><TD COLSPAN=4><P><B><FONT CLASS="text">General:</B></P></TD></TR> + <TR> + <TD><B>SB Live!</B></TD> + <TD>Analog OK, SP/DIF not working</TD> + <TD>Both OK</TD> + <TD>Both OK</TD> + <TD><A HREF="http://opensource.creative.com">Creative's OSS driver (SP/DIF support)</A></TD> + <TD>192</TD> + <TD>4.0/5.1</TD> + <TD>32</TD> + </TR> + + <TR> + <TD><B>SB 128 PCI (es1371)</B></TD> + <TD>OK</TD> + <TD>?</TD> + <TD> </TD> + <TD> </TD> + <TD>48</TD> + <TD>stereo</TD> + <TD>2</TD> + </TR> + + <TR> + <TD><B>SB AWE 64</B></TD> + <TD>max 44kHz</TD> + <TD>48kHz sounds bad</TD> + <TD> </TD> + <TD> </TD> + <TD>48</TD> + <TD> </TD> + <TD> </TD> + </TR> -<TR><TD> </TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT CLASS="text">oss</TD><TD> </TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OSS (ioctl) driver</TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT CLASS="text">sdl</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">SDL driver (supports up/downsampling, <B>ESD</B>, <B>ARTS</B> etc)</TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT CLASS="text">nas</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">NAS (Network Audio System) driver</TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT CLASS="text">alsa5</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">native ALSA 0.5 driver</TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT CLASS="text">alsa9</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">native ALSA 0.9 driver (works, but has problems -> use OSS)</TD></TR> -<TR><TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT CLASS="text">sun</TD><TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">SUN audio driver (/dev/audio) for BSD and Solaris8 users</TD></TR> + <TR> + <TD><B>GUS PnP</B></TD> + <TD>none</TD> + <TD>OK</TD> + <TD>OK</TD> + <TD> </TD> + <TD>48</TD> + <TD> </TD> + <TD> </TD> + </TR> + + <TR> + <TD><B>Gravis UltraSound ACE</B></TD> + <TD>not OK</TD> + <TD>OK</TD> + <TD> </TD> + <TD> </TD> + <TD>44</TD> + <TD> </TD> + <TD> </TD> + </TR> + + <TR> + <TD><B>Gravis UltraSound MAX</B></TD> + <TD>OK</TD> + <TD>OK (?)</TD> + <TD> </TD> + <TD> </TD> + <TD>48</TD> + <TD> </TD> + <TD> </TD> + </TR> + + <TR> + <TD><B>ESS 688</B></TD> + <TD>OK</TD> + <TD>OK (?)</TD> + <TD> </TD> + <TD> </TD> + <TD>48</TD> + <TD> </TD> + <TD> </TD> + </TR> + + <TR> + <TD><B>C-Media cards (which ones?)</B></TD> + <TD>not OK (hissing) (?)</TD> + <TD>OK</TD> + <TD> </TD> + <TD> </TD> + <TD>?</TD> + <TD> </TD> + <TD> </TD> + </TR> + + <TR> + <TD><B>Yamaha cards (*ymf*)</B></TD> + <TD>not OK (?) (maybe <CODE>-ao sdl</CODE>)</TD> + <TD>OK only with ALSA 0.5 with OSS emulation <B>AND</B> + <CODE>-ao sdl</CODE> (!) (?)</TD> + <TD> </TD> + <TD> </TD> + <TD>?</TD> + <TD> </TD> + <TD> </TD> + </TR> + + <TR> + <TD><B>Cards with envy24 chips (like Terratec EWS88MT)</B></TD> + <TD>?</TD> + <TD>?</TD> + <TD>OK</TD> + <TD> </TD> + <TD>?</TD> + <TD> </TD> + <TD> </TD> + </TR> + + <TR> + <TD><B>PC Speaker or DAC</B></TD> + <TD>OK</TD> + <TD>none</TD> + <TD> </TD> + <TD><A HREF="http://www.geocities.com/stssppnn/pcsp.html">Linux PC speaker OSS driver</a></TD> + <TD>The driver emulates 44.1, maybe more.</TD> + <TD>mono</TD> + <TD>1</TD> + </TR> </TABLE> -<P>Fact is, Linux sound card drivers have compatibility problems. -It <B>may</B> take a while to find your optimal settings.</P> +<P><A NAME="note1"><B>[1]</B></A>: the number of applications that are able to use the + device <I>at the same time</I>.</P> + +<P>Feedback to this document is welcome. Please tell us how MPlayer + and your sound card(s) worked together.</P> + + +<H4><A NAME="af">2.3.2.3 Audio filters</A></H4> + +<P>The old audio plugins have been superseded by a new audio filter layer. Audio + filters are used for changing the properties of the audio data before the + sound reaches the sound card. The activation and deactivation of the filters + is normally automated but can be overridden. The filters are activated when + the properties of the audio data differ from those required by the sound card + and deactivated if unnecessary. The <CODE>-af filter1,filter2,...</CODE> + option is used to override the automatic activation of filters or to insert + filters that are not automatically inserted. The filters will be executed as + they appear in the comma separated list.</P> + +<P>Example:<BR> + <CODE>mplayer -af resample,pan movie.avi </CODE></P> + +<P>would run the sound through the resampling filter followed by the pan filter. + Observe that the list must not contain any spaces, else it will fail.</P> + +<P>The filters often have options that change their behavior. These options + are explained in detail in the sections below. A filter will execute using + default settings if its options are omitted. Here is an example of how to use + filters in combination with filter specific options:</P> + +<P> <CODE>mplayer -af resample=11025,pan=1:0.5:0.5 -channels 1 + -srate 11025 media.avi</CODE></P> + +<P>would set the output frequency of the resample filter to 11025Hz and downmix + the audio to 1 channel using the pan filter.</P> -<UL> -<LI>If you have an OSS driver, first try <CODE>-ao oss</CODE> (this is the default). -If you experience glitches, halts or anything out of the ordinary, try -<CODE>-ao sdl</CODE> (NOTE: you need to have SDL libraries and header files -installed). The SDL audio driver helps in a lot of cases and also supports ESD, -ARTS, and up/downsampling. (ESD is the sound daemon from GNOME, ARTS is from KDE.)</LI> -<LI>If you have ALSA version 0.5, then you almost always have to use <CODE>-ao alsa5</CODE> , -since ALSA 0.5 has buggy OSS emulation code, and will <B>crash MPlayer</B> with -a message like this:<BR> -<CODE>DEMUXER: Too many (945 in 8390980 bytes) video packets in the buffer!</CODE></LI> -<LI>If you have ALSA version 0.9 you may choose between <CODE>-ao oss</CODE> and -<CODE>-ao sdl</CODE>. You can also use <CODE>-ao alsa9</CODE>. It works, but -there are problems like lost sync and disappearing audio.</LI> -</UL> +<P>The overall execution of the filter layer is controlled using the + <CODE>-af-adv</CODE> option. This option has two suboptions:</P> -<P>On <B>Solaris/FreeBSD</B> systems, use the SUN audio driver with the -<CODE>-ao sun</CODE> option, otherwise neither video nor audio will work.</P> +<DL> + <DT><CODE>force</CODE><DT> + <DD>is a Bit field that controls how the filters are inserted and what + speed/accuracy optimizations they use: + <DL> + <DT><CODE>0</CODE></DT> + <DD>Use automatic insertion of filters and optimize according to CPU + speed.</DD> + <DT><CODE>1</CODE></DT> + <DD>Use automatic insertion of filters and optimize for the highest + speed.<BR> + <EM>Warning:</EM> Some features in the audio filters may silently fail, + and the sound quality may drop.</DD> + <DT><CODE>2</CODE></DT> + <DD>Use automatic insertion of filters and optimize for quality.</DD> + <DT><CODE>3</CODE></DT> + <DD>Use no automatic insertion of filters and no optimization.<BR> + <I>Warning:</I> It may be possible to crash MPlayer using this + setting.</DD> + <DT><CODE>4</CODE></DT> + <DD>Use automatic insertion of filters according to 0 above, but use + floating point processing when possible.</DD> + <DT><CODE>5</CODE></DT> + <DD>Use automatic insertion of filters according to 1 above, but use + floating point processing when possible.</DD> + <DT><CODE>6</CODE></DT> + <DD>Use automatic insertion of filters according to 2 above, but use + floating point processing when possible.</DD> + <DT><CODE>7</CODE></DT> + <DD>Use no automatic insertion of filters according to 3 above, and use + floating point processing when possible.</DD> + </DL> + </DD> + + <DT><CODE>list</CODE></DT> + <DD>is an alias for the -af option.</DD> +</DL> -<P><B><A NAME=2.3.2.1>2.3.2.1. Sound Card experiences, recommendations</A></B></P> +<P>The filter layer is also affected by the following generic options: -<TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%"> -<TR><TD COLSPAN=3><B><FONT CLASS="text">VIA onboard chipset (via82cxxx) 48kHz only</B></TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">Driver:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text"> from <A HREF="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=3242&release_id=59602">here</A></TD><TR> +<DL> + <DT><CODE>-v</CODE></DT> + <DD>Increases the verbosity level and makes most filters print out extra + status messages.</DD> + <DT><CODE>-channels</CODE></DT> + <DD>This option sets the number of output channels you would like your + sound card to use. + It also affects the number of channels that are being decoded from the + media. If the media contains less channels than requested the channels + filter (see below) will automatically be inserted. The routing will be the + default routing for the channels filter.</DD> + <DT><CODE>-srate</CODE></DT> + <DD>This option selects the sample rate you would like your sound card to + use (of course the cards have limits on this). If the sample + frequency of your sound card is different from that of the current media, + the resample filter (see below) will be inserted into the audio filter layer + to compensate for the difference.</DD> + <DT><CODE>-format</CODE><DT> + <DD>This option sets the sample format between the audio filter layer and the sound + card. If the requested sample format of your sound card is different from + that of the current media, a format filter (see below) will be inserted to + rectify the difference.</DD> +</DL> + + +<H4><A NAME="af_resample">2.3.2.3.1 Up/Down-sampling</A></H4> + +<P>MPlayer fully supports sound up/down-sampling through the + <CODE>resample</CODE> filter. It can be used if you + have a fixed frequency sound card or if you are stuck with an old sound card + that is only capable of max 44.1kHz. This filter is automatically enabled if + it is necessary, but it can also be explicitly enabled on the command line. It + has three options:</P> -<TD COLSPAN=3><B><FONT CLASS="text">Aureal Vortex 2</B></TD><TR> -<TD> </TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OSS:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">no driver</TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OSS/Pro:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OK</TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">ALSA:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">no driver</TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">Max kHz:</TD><TD>48</TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">Driver:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text"><A HREF="http://aureal.sourceforge.net">aureal.sourceforge.net</A></TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">Driver2:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text"> from <A HREF="http://makacs.poliod.hu/~pontscho/aureal/au88xx-1.1.3.tar.bz2">here</A><BR> -(<I>buffer size increased to 32k</I>)</TD><TR> +<DL> + <DT><CODE>srate <8000-192000></CODE></DT> + <DD>is an integer used for setting the output sample + frequency in Hz. The valid range for this parameter is 8kHz to 192kHz. If + the input and output sample frequency are the same or if this parameter is + omitted the filter is automatically unloaded. A high sample frequency + normally improves the audio quality, especially when used in combination + with other filters.</DD> + + <DT><CODE>sloppy</CODE></DT> + <DD>is an optional binary parameter that allows the output frequency to differ + slightly from the frequency given by <CODE>srate</CODE>. This option can be + used if the startup of the playback is extremely slow. It is enabled by + default.</DD> -<TD COLSPAN=3><B><FONT CLASS="text">GUS PnP</B></TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OSS:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">no driver</TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OSS/Pro:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OK</TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">ALSA:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OK</TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">Max kHz:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">48</TD><TR> + <DT><CODE>type <0-2></CODE><DT> + <DD>is an optional integer between <CODE>0</CODE> and <CODE>2</CODE> that + selects which resampling method to use. Here <CODE>0</CODE> represents + linear interpolation as resampling method, <CODE>1</CODE> represents + resampling using a poly-phase filter-bank and integer processing and + <CODE>2</CODE> represents resampling using a poly-phase filter-bank and + floating point processing. Linear interpolation is extremely fast, but + suffers from poor sound quality especially when used for up-sampling. The + best quality is given by <CODE>2</CODE> but this method also suffers from + the highest CPU load.</DD> +</DL> + +<P>Example:<BR> + <CODE>mplayer -af resample=44100:0:0</CODE></P> + +<P>would set the output frequency of the resample filter to 44100Hz using exact + output frequency scaling and linear interpolation.</P> + + +<H4><A NAME="af_channels">2.3.2.3.2 Changing the number of channels</A></H4> + +<P>The <CODE>channels</CODE> filter can be used for adding and removing + channels, it can also be used for routing or copying channels. It is + automatically enabled when the output from the audio filter layer differs from + the input layer or when it is requested by another filter. This filter unloads + itself if not needed. The number of options is dynamic:</P> -<TD COLSPAN=3><B><FONT CLASS="text">SB Live!</B></TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OSS:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">Analog OK, SP/DIF not working</TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">ALSA:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">Both OK</TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">Max kHz:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">192</TD><TR> +<DL> + <DT><CODE>nch <1-6></CODE></DT> + <DD>is an integer between <CODE>1</CODE> and <CODE>6</CODE> that is used for + setting the number of output channels. This option is required, leaving it + empty results in a runtime error.</DD> + + <DT><CODE>nr <1-6></CODE></DT> + <DD>is an integer between <CODE>1</CODE> and <CODE>6</CODE> that is used for + specifying the number of routes. This parameter is optional. If it is + omitted the default routing is used.</DD> + + <DT><CODE>from1:to1:from2:to2:from3:to3...</CODE></DT> + <DD>are pairs of numbers between <CODE>0</CODE> and <CODE>5</CODE> that define + where each channel should be routed.</DD> +</DL> -<TD COLSPAN=3><B><FONT CLASS="text">SB AWE 64</B></TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OSS:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">max 44kHz</TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">ALSA:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">48kHz sounds bad</TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">Max kHz:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">48</TD><TR> +<P>If only <CODE>nch</CODE> is given the default routing is used, it works as + follows: If the number of output channels is bigger than the number of input + channels empty channels are inserted (except mixing from mono to stereo, then + the mono channel is repeated in both of the output channels). If the number of + output channels is smaller than the number of input channels the exceeding + channels are truncated.</P> + +<P>Example 1:<BR> + <CODE>mplayer -af channels=4:4:0:1:1:0:2:2:3:3 media.avi </CODE></P> + +<P>would change the number of channels to 4 and set up 4 routes that swap + channel 0 and channel 1 and leave channel 2 and 3 intact. Observe that if + media containing two channels was played back, channels 2 and 3 would contain + silence but 0 and 1 would still be swapped.</P> + +<P>Example 2:<BR> + <CODE>mplayer -af channels=6:4:0:0:0:1:0:2:0:3 media.avi </CODE></P> -<TD COLSPAN=3><B><FONT CLASS="text">Gravis UltraSound ACE</B></TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OSS:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">not OK</TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">ALSA:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OK</TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">Max kHz:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">44</TD><TR> +<P>would change the number of channels to 6 and set up 4 routes that copy + channel 0 to channels 0 to 3. Channel 4 and 5 will contain silence.</P> + + +<H4><A NAME="af_format">2.3.2.3.3 Sample format converter</A></H4> + +<P>The <CODE>format</CODE> filter converts between different sample formats. It + is automatically enabled when needed by the sound card or another filter.</P> + +<DL> + <DT><CODE>bps <number></CODE></DT> + <DD>can be <CODE>1</CODE>, <CODE>2</CODE> or <CODE>4</CODE> and denotes the + number of bytes per sample. This option is required, leaving it empty + results in a runtime error.</DD> -<TD COLSPAN=3><B><FONT CLASS="text">Gravis UltraSound MAX</B></TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OSS:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OK</TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">ALSA:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OK (?)</TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">Max kHz:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">48</TD><TR> + <DT><CODE>f <format></CODE></DT> + <DD>is a text string describing the sample format. The string is a + concatenated mix of: <CODE>alaw</CODE>, <CODE>mulaw</CODE> or + <CODE>imaadpcm</CODE>, <CODE>float</CODE> or <CODE>int</CODE>, + <CODE>unsigned</CODE> or <CODE>signed</CODE>, <CODE>le</CODE> or + <CODE>be</CODE> (little or big endian). This option is required, leaving it + empty results in a runtime error.</DD> +</DL> + +<P>Example:<BR> + <CODE>mplayer -af format=4:float media.avi</CODE></P> + +<P>would set the output format to 4 bytes per sample floating point + data.</P> + + +<H4><A NAME="af_delay">2.3.2.3.4 Delay</A></H4> + +<P>The <CODE>delay</CODE> filter delays the sound to the loudspeakers such that + the sound from the different channels arrives at the listening position + simultaneously. + It is only useful if you have more than 2 loudspeakers. This filter has a + variable number of parameters:</P> -<TD COLSPAN=3><B><FONT CLASS="text">ESS 688</B></TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OSS:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OK</TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">ALSA:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OK (?)</TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">Max kHz:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">48</TD><TR> +<DL> + <DT><CODE>d1:d2:d3...</CODE></DT> + <DD>are floating point numbers representing the delays in ms that should be + imposed on the different channels. The minimum delay is 0ms and the maximum + is 1000ms.</DD> +</DL> + +<P>To calculate the required delay for the different channels do as follows:</P> + +<OL> + <LI>Measure the distance to the loudspeakers in meters in relation to your + listening position, giving you the distances s1 to s5 (for a 5.1 system). + There is no point in compensating for the sub-woofer (you will not hear the + difference anyway).</LI> + <LI>Subtract the distances s1 to s5 from the maximum distance i.e.<BR> + s[i] = max(s) - s[i]; i = 1...5</LI> + <LI>Calculated the required delays in ms as<BR> + d[i] = 1000*s[i]/342; i = 1...5 </LI> +</OL> -<TD COLSPAN=3><B><FONT CLASS="text">C-Media cards (which ones?)</B></TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OSS:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">not OK (hissing) (?)</TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">ALSA:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OK (?)</TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">Max kHz:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">?</TD><TR> +<P>Example:<BR> + <CODE>mplayer -af delay=10.5:10.5:0:0:7:0 media.avi</CODE></P> + +<P>would delay front left and right by 10.5ms, the two rear channels and the sub + by 0ms and the center channel by 7ms.</P> + + +<H4><A NAME="af_volume">2.3.2.3.5 Software volume control</A></H4> + +<P>Software volume control is implemented by the <CODE>volume</CODE> audio + filter. Use this filter with caution since + it can reduce the signal to noise ratio of the sound. In most cases it is best + to set the level for the PCM sound to max, leave this filter out and control + the output level to your speakers with the master volume control of the mixer. + In case your sound card has a digital PCM mixer instead of an analog one, and + you hear distortion, use the MASTER mixer instead. + If there is an external amplifier connected to the computer (this is almost + always the case), the noise level can be minimized by adjusting the master + level and the volume knob on the amplifier until the hissing noise in the + background is gone. This filter has two options:</P> -<TD COLSPAN=3><B><FONT CLASS="text">Yamaha cards (*ymf*)</B></TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OSS:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">not OK (?) (maybe <CODE>-ao sdl</CODE>)</TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">ALSA:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OK only with ALSA 0.5 with OSS emulation <B>AND</B> <CODE>-ao sdl</CODE> (!) (?)</TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">Max kHz:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">?</TD><TR> +<DL> + <DT><CODE>v <-200 - +60></CODE></DT> + <DD>is a floating point number between <CODE>-200</CODE> and <CODE>+60</CODE> + which represents the volume level in dB. The default level is 0dB.</DD> + + <DT><CODE>c</CODE></DT> + <DD>is a binary control that turns soft clipping on and off. Soft-clipping can + make the sound more smooth if very high volume levels are used. Enable this + option if the dynamic range of the loudspeakers is very low. Be aware that + this feature creates distortion and should be considered a last resort.</DD> +</DL> + +<P>Example:<BR> + <CODE>mplayer -af volume=10.1:0 media.avi</CODE></P> + +<P>would amplify the sound by 10.1dB and hard-clip if the sound level is too + high.</P> -<TD COLSPAN=3><B><FONT CLASS="text">Cards with envy24 chips (like Terratec EWS88MT)</B></TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OSS:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">?</TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OSS/Pro:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OK</TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">ALSA:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">?</TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">Max kHz:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">?</TD><TR> +<P>This filter has a second feature: It measures the overall maximum sound level + and prints out that level when MPlayer exits. This volume estimate can be used + for setting the sound level in MEncoder such that the maximum dynamic range is + utilized.</P> + + +<H4><A NAME="af_equalizer">2.3.2.3.6 Equalizer</A></H4> + +<P>The <CODE>equalizer</CODE> filter represents a 10 octave band graphic + equalizer, implemented using 10 IIR + band pass filters. This means that it works regardless of what type of audio + is being played back. The center frequencies for the 10 bands are:</P> -<TD COLSPAN=3><B><FONT CLASS="text">PC Speaker or DAC</B></TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OSS:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">OK (Use the SDL driver: <CODE>-ao sdl</CODE>)</TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">ALSA:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">no driver</TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">Max kHz:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">The driver emulates 44.1, maybe more.</TD><TR> -<TD></TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text">Driver:</TD><TD><FONT CLASS="text"><A HREF="ftp://ftp.infradead.org/pub/pcsp">ftp://ftp.infradead.org/pub/pcsp</A></TD> +<TABLE BORDER="0" WIDTH="100%"> + <TR><TD>Band No.</TD><TD>Center frequency</TD></TR> + <TR><TD>0</TD><TD>31.25 Hz</TD></TR> + <TR><TD>1</TD><TD>62.50 Hz</TD></TR> + <TR><TD>2</TD><TD>125.0 Hz</TD></TR> + <TR><TD>3</TD><TD>250.0 Hz</TD></TR> + <TR><TD>4</TD><TD>500.0 Hz</TD></TR> + <TR><TD>5</TD><TD>1.000 kHz</TD></TR> + <TR><TD>6</TD><TD>2.000 kHz</TD></TR> + <TR><TD>7</TD><TD>4.000 kHz</TD></TR> + <TR><TD>8</TD><TD>8.000 kHz</TD></TR> + <TR><TD>9</TD><TD>16.00 kHz</TD></TR> </TABLE> -<UL> -<LI>On Linux, a 2.4.x kernel is highly recommended. Kernel 2.2 is not tested.</LI> -<LI>If sound clicks when playing from CD-ROM, turn on IRQ unmasking, e.g. - <CODE>hdparm -u1 /dev/cdrom</CODE> (<CODE>man hdparm</CODE>). This is - generally beneficial and described more detailed in the - <A HREF="cd-dvd.html#4.1">CD-ROM section</A>.</LI> -<LI>Sharing your sound card with another application like XMMS is <B>strongly discouraged</B>! - If the other sound application is using ESD, start <B>MPlayer</B> with the <CODE>-vo sdl:esd</CODE> option - to combine both sound streams! In fact, the option <CODE>-vo sdl:esd</CODE> could be used with ESD - even when playing <B>Mplayer</B> alone.</LI> -<LI>Feedback to this document is welcome. Please tell us how <B>MPlayer</B> and - your sound card(s) worked together.</LI> -</UL> +<P>If the sample rate of the sound being played back is lower than the center + frequency for a frequency band, then that band will be disabled. A known bug + with this filter is that the characteristics for the uppermost band are not + completely symmetric if the sample rate is close to the center frequency of + that band. This problem can be worked around by up-sampling the sound using + the resample filter before it reaches this filter. </P> + +<P>This filter has 10 parameters:</P> + +<DL> + <DT><CODE>g1:g2:g3...g10</CODE></DT> + <DD>are floating point numbers between <CODE>-12</CODE> and <CODE>+12</CODE> + representing the gain in dB for each frequency band.</DD> +</DL> + +<P>Example:<BR> + <CODE>mplayer -af equalizer=11:11:10:5:0:-12:0:5:12:12 media.avi</CODE></P> + +<P>would amplify the sound in the upper and lower frequency region while + canceling it almost completely around 1kHz.</P> + + +<H4><A NAME="af_panning">2.3.2.3.7 Panning filter</A></H4> + +<P>Use the <CODE>pan</CODE> filter to mix channels arbitrarily. It is basically + a combination of the volume control and the channels filter. There are two + major uses for this filter:</P> + +<OL> + <LI>Down-mixing many channels to only a few, stereo to mono for example.</LI> + <LI>Varying the "width" of the center speaker in a surround sound system.</LI> +</OL> + +<P>This filter is hard to use, and will require some tinkering before the + desired result is obtained. The number of options for this filter depends on + the number of output channels:</P> + +<DL> + <DT><CODE>nch <1-6></CODE></DT> + <DD>is an integer between <CODE>1</CODE> and <CODE>6</CODE> and is used for + setting the number of output channels. This option is required, leaving it + empty results in a runtime error.</DD> + + <DT><CODE>l00:l01:l02:..l10:l11:l12:...ln0:ln1:ln2:...</CODE></DT> + <DD>are floating point values between <CODE>0</CODE> and <CODE>1</CODE>. + <CODE>l[i][j]</CODE> determines how much of input channel j is mixed into + output channel i.</DD> +</DL> + +<P>Example 1:<BR> + <CODE>mplayer -af pan=1:0.5:0.5 -channels 1 media.avi</CODE></P> + +<P>would down-mix from stereo to mono.</P> + +<P>Example 2:<BR> + <CODE>mplayer -af pan=3:1:0:1:0.5:0.5 -channels 3 media.avi</CODE></P> + +<P>would give 3 channel output leaving channels 0 and 1 intact, and mix channels + 0 and 1 into output channel 2 (which could be sent to a sub-woofer for + example).</P> -<P><B><A NAME=2.3.2.2>2.3.2.2. Audio plugins</A></B></P> +<H4><A NAME="af_sub">2.3.2.3.8 Sub-woofer</A></H4> + +<P>The <CODE>sub</CODE> filter adds a sub woofer channel to the audio stream. + The audio data + used for creating the sub-woofer channel is an average of the sound in channel + 0 and channel 1. The resulting sound is then low-pass filtered by a 4th + order Butterworth filter with a default cutoff frequency of 60Hz and added to + a separate channel in the audio stream. Warning: Disable this filter when you + are playing DVDs with Dolby Digital 5.1 sound, otherwise this filter will + disrupt the sound to the sub-woofer. This filter has two parameters:</P> + +<DL> + <DT><CODE>fc <20-300></CODE></DT> + <DD>is an optional floating point number used for setting the cutoff frequency + for the filter in Hz. The valid range is 20Hz to 300Hz. For the best result + try setting the cutoff frequency as low as possible. This will improve the + stereo or surround sound experience. The default cutoff frequency is + 60Hz.</DD> + + <DT><CODE>ch <0-5></CODE></DT> + <DD>is an optional integer between <CODE>0</CODE> and <CODE>5</CODE> which + determines the channel number in which to insert the sub-channel audio. + The default is channel number <CODE>5</CODE>. Observe that the number of + channels will automatically be increased to <CODE>ch</CODE> if + necessary.</DD> +</DL> + +<P>Example:<BR> + <CODE>mplayer -af sub=100:4 -channels 5 media.avi</CODE></P> + +<P>would add a sub-woofer channel with a cutoff frequency of 100Hz to output + channel 4.</P> -<P><B>MPlayer</B> has support for audio plugins. Audio plugins can be used for - changing the properties of the audio data before the sound reaches the sound - card. They are enabled using the <CODE>-aop</CODE> switch which takes a +<H4><A NAME="af_surround">2.3.2.3.9 Surround-sound decoder</A></H4> + +<P>Matrix encoded surround sound can be decoded by the <CODE>surround</CODE> + filter. Dolby Surround is + an example of a matrix encoded format. Many files with 2 channel audio + actually contain matrixed surround sound. To use this feature you need a sound + card supporting at least 4 channels. This filter has one parameter:</P> + +<DL> + <DT><CODE>d <0-1000></CODE></DT> + <DD>is an optional floating point number between <CODE>0</CODE> and + <CODE>1000</CODE> used for setting the delay time in ms for the rear + speakers. This delay should be set as follows: if d1 is the distance from + the listening position to the front speakers and d2 is the distance from + the listening position to the rear speakers, then the delay <CODE>d</CODE> + should be set to 15ms if d1 <= d2 and to 15 + 5*(d1-d2) if d1 > d2. + The default value for <CODE>d</CODE> is 20ms.</DD> +</DL> + +<P>Example:<BR> + <CODE>mplayer -af surround=15 -channels 4 media.avi</CODE></P> + +<P>would add surround sound decoding with 15ms delay for the sound to the rear + speakers.</P> + + +<H4><A NAME="plugins">2.3.2.4 Audio plugins (deprecated)</A></H4> + +<H2><STRONG>Note: Audio plugins have been deprecated by audio filters and will be + removed soon.</STRONG></H2> + +<P>MPlayer has support for audio plugins. Audio plugins can be used to + change the properties of the audio data before it reaches the sound + card. They are enabled using the <CODE>-aop</CODE> option which takes a <CODE>list=plugin1,plugin2,...</CODE> argument. The <CODE>list</CODE> argument is required and determines which plugins should be used and in which order they - should be executed. Example: -</P> + should be executed. Example:</P> <P> <CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=resample,format</CODE></P> <P>would run the sound through the resampling plugin followed by the format - plugin. -</P> + plugin.</P> -<P>The plugins can also have switches that change their behavior. These - switches are explained in detail in the sections below. A plugin will execute - using default settings if its switches are omitted. Here is an example of how - to use plugins in combination with plugin specific switches: -</P> +<P>The plugins can also have options that change their behavior. These + options are explained in detail in the sections below. A plugin will execute + using default settings if its options are omitted. Here is an example of how + to use plugins in combination with plugin specific options:</P> <P> <CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop - list=resample,format:fout=44100:format=0x8</CODE> -</P> + list=resample,format:fout=44100:format=0x8</CODE></P> <P>would set the output frequency of the resample plugin to 44100Hz and the - output format of the format plugin to AFMT_U8. -</P> + output format of the format plugin to AFMT_U8.</P> -<P>Currently audio plugins can not be used in <B>MEncoder</B>.</P> +<P>Currently audio plugins cannot be used in MEncoder.</P> -<P><B><A NAME=2.3.2.2.1>2.3.2.2.1. Up/Downsampling</A></B></P> +<H4><A NAME="resample">2.3.2.4.1 Up/Downsampling</A></H4> -<P><B>MPlayer</B> fully supports up/downsampling of the sound. This plugin can +<P>MPlayer fully supports up/downsampling of the sound. This plugin can be used if you have a fixed frequency sound card or if you are stuck with an old sound card that is only capable of max 44.1kHz. - Limitations in your hardware are not auto detected, so you have to specify - the sample frequency explicitly. This plugin has one switch: - <CODE>fout</CODE> which is used for setting the desired output sample - frequency. It defaults to 48kHz, and is given in - <Hz>. -</P> + MPlayer <EM>autodetects</EM> whether or not usage of this plugin is necessary. + This plugin has one option, <CODE>fout</CODE>, which is used for setting the + desired output sample frequency. The value is given in Hz, and defaults to + 48kHz.</P> <P>Usage:<BR> - <CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=resample:fout=<required + <CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=resample:fout=<required frequency in Hz, like 44100></CODE></P> <P>Note that the output frequency should not be scaled up from the default value. Scaling up will cause the audio and video streams to be played in slow motion - in addition to audio distortion.</P> + and cause audio distortion.</P> -<P><B><A NAME=2.3.2.2.2>2.3.2.2.2. Surround Sound decoding</A></B></P> + +<H4><A NAME="surround_decoding">2.3.2.4.2 Surround Sound decoding</A></H4> -<P><B>MPlayer</B> has an audio plugin that can decode matrix encoded -surround sound. Dolby Surround is an example of a matrix encoded format. -Many files with 2 channel audio actually contain matrixed surround sound. -To use this feature you need a sound card supporting at least 4 channels.</P> +<P>MPlayer has an audio plugin that can decode matrix encoded + surround sound. Dolby Surround is an example of a matrix encoded format. + Many files with 2 channel audio actually contain matrixed surround sound. + To use this feature you need a sound card supporting at least 4 channels.</P> <P>Usage:<BR> - <CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=surround</CODE></P> + <CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=surround</CODE></P> -<P><B><A NAME=2.3.2.2.3>2.3.2.2.3. Sample format converter</A></B></P> - -<P>If your sound card driver does not support signed 16bit <CODE>int</CODE> data type, +<H4><A NAME="format">2.3.2.3.3 Sample format converter</A></H4> + +<P>If your sound card driver does not support signed 16bit <CODE>int</CODE> data type, this plugin can be used to change the format to one which your sound card can understand. It - has one switch, <CODE>format</CODE>, which can be set to one of the numbers + has one option, <CODE>format</CODE>, which can be set to one of the numbers found in <CODE>libao2/afmt.h</CODE>. This plugin is hardly ever needed and is intended for advanced users. Keep in mind that this plugin only changes the - sample format and not the sample frequency or the number of channels. -</P> + sample format and not the sample frequency or the number of channels.</P> <P>Usage:<BR> <CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop - list=format:format=<required output format></CODE> -</P> + list=format:format=<required output format></CODE></P> -<P><B><A NAME=2.3.2.2.4>2.3.2.2.4. Delay</A></B></P> +<H4><A NAME="delay">2.3.2.4.4 Delay</A></H4> <P>This plugin delays the sound and is intended as an example of how to develop new plugins. It can not be used for anything useful from a users perspective and is mentioned here for the sake of completeness only. Do not use this plugin unless you are a developer.</P> -<P><B><A NAME=2.3.2.2.5>2.3.2.2.5. Software volume control</A></B></P> +<P>If you have a file with a consistent A/V sync fault, use the <CODE>+/-</CODE> + keys to adjust timings on-the-fly instead. Usage of the OSD is recommended + to make this easier.</P> + + +<H4><A NAME="volume">2.3.2.4.5 Software volume control</A></H4> <P>This plugin is a software replacement for the volume control, and can be used on machines with a broken mixer device. It can also be - used if one wants to change the output volume of <B>MPlayer</B> + used if one wants to change the output volume of MPlayer without changing the PCM volume setting in the mixer. It has one - switch <CODE>volume</CODE> that is used for setting the initial + option <CODE>volume</CODE> that is used for setting the initial sound level. The initial sound level can be set to values between 0 and 255 and defaults to 101 which equals 0dB amplification. Use this plugin with caution since it can reduce the signal to noise ratio of the sound. In most cases it is best to set the level for the PCM sound to max, leave this plugin out and control the output level to - your speakers with the master volume control of the mixer. If there is an + your speakers with the MASTER volume control of the mixer. + In case your sound card has a digital PCM mixer instead of an analog one, and + you hear distortion, use the MASTER mixer instead. external amplifier connected to the computer (this is almost always the case), the noise level can be minimized by adjusting the master level and the volume knob on the amplifier until the hissing noise - in the background is gone. -</P> + in the background is gone.</P> <P>Usage:<BR> <CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop - list=volume:volume=<0-255></CODE> -</P> + list=volume:volume=<0-255></CODE></P> <P>This plugin also has compressor or "soft-clipping" capabilities. Compression can be used if the dynamic range of the sound is very high or if the dynamic range of the loudspeakers is very low. Be aware that this feature creates distortion and should be - considered a last resort. -</P> + considered a last resort.</P> <P>Usage:<BR> <CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop - list=volume:softclip</CODE> -</P> + list=volume:softclip</CODE></P> -<P><B><A NAME=2.3.2.2.6>2.3.2.2.6. Extrastereo</A></B></P> +<H4><A NAME="extrastereo">2.3.2.4.6 Extrastereo</A></H4> <P>This plugin (linearly) increases the difference between left and right channels (like the XMMS extrastereo plugin) which gives some sort of "live" - effect to playback. -</P> + effect to playback.</P> <P>Usage:<BR> <CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=extrastereo</CODE><BR> @@ -273,10 +833,11 @@ <P>The default coefficient (<CODE>mul</CODE>) is a float number that defaults to 2.5. If you set it to 0.0, you will have mono sound (average of both - channels). If you set it to 1.0, sound will be unchanged.</P> + channels). If you set it to 1.0, sound will be unchanged, if you set it to + -1.0, left and right channels will be swapped.</P> -<P><B><A NAME=2.3.2.2.7>2.3.2.2.7. Volume normalizer</A></B></P> +<H4><A NAME="normalizer">2.3.2.4.7 Volume normalizer</A></H4> <P>This plugin maximizes the volume without distorting the sound.</P> @@ -284,9 +845,5 @@ <CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=volnorm</CODE><BR> -<P><B><A NAME=2.3.2.2.8>2.3.2.2.8. Surround</A></B></P> - -<P>Someone should document something, sometime.</P> - </BODY> </HTML>